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Jozinović A, Kovač M, Ocelić Bulatović V, Kučić Grgić D, Miloloža M, Šubarić D, Ačkar Đ. Biopolymeric Blends of Thermoplastic Starch and Polylactide as Sustainable Packaging Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1268. [PMID: 38732736 PMCID: PMC11085416 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The improper disposal of plastics is a growing concern due to increasing global environmental problems such as the rise of CO2 emissions, diminishing petroleum sources, and pollution, which necessitates the research and development of biodegradable materials as an alternative to conventional packaging materials. The purpose of this research was to analyse the properties of biodegradable polymer blends of thermoplastic potato starch (TPS) and polylactide, (PLA) without and with the addition of citric acid (CA) as a potential compatibilizer and plasticizer. The prepared blends were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical characterization, which included: FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), determination of thermal and mechanical properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), water vapour permeability (WVP), as well as biodegradation testing in soil. The obtained results indicate an improvement in adhesion between the TPS and PLA phases due to the addition of citric acid, better homogeneity of the structure, and greater compatibility of the polymer blends, leading to better thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of the studied biodegradable TPS/PLA polymer blends. After conducting the comprehensive research outlined in this paper, it has been determined that the addition of 5 wt.% of citric acid serves as an effective compatibilizer and plasticizer. This supplementation achieves an optimal equilibrium across thermal, mechanical, morphological, and barrier properties, while also promoting material sustainability through biodegradation. In conclusion, it can be stated that the use of thermoplastic starch in TPS/PLA blends accelerates the biodegradation of PLA as a slowly biodegradable polymer. While the addition of citric acid offers significant advantages for TPS/PLA blends, further research is needed to optimize the formulation and processing parameters to achieve the desired balance between mechanical strength, thermal and barrier properties and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antun Jozinović
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.J.); (D.Š.)
| | - Mario Kovač
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Mostar, Biskupa Čule bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Vesna Ocelić Bulatović
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Dajana Kučić Grgić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Martina Miloloža
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Drago Šubarić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.J.); (D.Š.)
| | - Đurđica Ačkar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.J.); (D.Š.)
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Sokač K, Miloloža M, Kučić Grgić D, Žižek K. Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Dasatinib: Formulation and Ecotoxicological Assessment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:551. [PMID: 38675212 PMCID: PMC11053848 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib (DAS), a potent anticancer drug, has been subjected to formulation enhancements due to challenges such as significant first-pass metabolism, poor absorption, and limited oral bioavailability. To improve its release profile, DAS was embedded in a matrix of the hydrophilic polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Drug amorphization was induced in a planetary ball mill by solvent-free co-grinding, facilitating mechanochemical activation. This process resulted in the formation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). The ASD capsules exhibited a notable enhancement in the release rate of DAS compared to capsules containing the initial drug. Given that anticancer drugs often undergo limited metabolism in the body with unchanged excretion, the ecotoxicological effect of the native form of DAS was investigated as well, considering its potential accumulation in the environment. The highest ecotoxicological effect was observed on the bacteria Vibrio fischeri, while other test organisms (bacteria Pseudomonas putida, microalgae Chlorella sp., and duckweed Lemna minor) exhibited negligible effects. The enhanced drug release not only contributes to improved oral absorption but also has the potential to reduce the proportion of DAS that enters the environment through human excretion. This comprehensive approach highlights the significance of integrating advances in drug development while considering its environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Sokač
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.G.); (K.Ž.)
| | - Martina Miloloža
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.G.); (K.Ž.)
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Miloloža M, Ukić Š, Cvetnić M, Bolanča T, Kučić Grgić D. Optimization of Polystyrene Biodegradation by Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas alcaligenes Using Full Factorial Design. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204299. [PMID: 36297877 PMCID: PMC9611612 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are a global environmental problem because they persist in the environment for long periods of time and negatively impact aquatic organisms. Possible solutions for removing MP from the environment include biological processes such as bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to remove contaminants. This study investigated the biodegradation of polystyrene (PS) by two bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas alcaligenes, isolated from environmental samples in which MPs particles were present. First, determining significant factors affecting the biodegradation of MP-PS was conducted using the Taguchi design. Then, according to preliminary experiments, the optimal conditions for biodegradation were determined by a full factorial design (main experiments). The RSM methodology was applied, and statistical analysis of the obtained models was performed to analyze the influence of the studied factors. The most important factors for MP-PS biodegradation by Bacillus cereus were agitation speed, concentration, and size of PS, while agitation speed, size of PS, and optical density influenced the process by Pseudomonas alcaligenes. However, the optimal conditions for biodegradation of MP-PS by Bacillus cereus were achieved at γMP = 66.20, MP size = 413.29, and agitation speed = 100.45. The best conditions for MP-PS biodegradation by Pseudomonas alcaligenes were 161.08, 334.73, and 0.35, as agitation speed, MP size, and OD, respectively. In order to get a better insight into the process, the following analyzes were carried out. Changes in CFU, TOC, and TIC concentrations were observed during the biodegradation process. The increase in TOC values was explained by the detection of released additives from PS particles by LC-MS analysis. At the end of the process, the toxicity of the filtrate was determined, and the surface area of the particles was characterized by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Ecotoxicity results showed that the filtrate was toxic, indicating the presence of decomposition by-products. In both FTIR spectra, a characteristic weak peak at 1715 cm−1 was detected, indicating the formation of carbonyl groups (−C=O), confirming that a biodegradation process had taken place.
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Sokač T, Šalić A, Kučić Grgić D, Šabić Runjavec M, Vidaković M, Jurinjak Tušek A, Horvat Đ, Juras Krnjak J, Vuković Domanovac M, Zelić B. An enhanced composting process with bioaugmentation: Mathematical modelling and process optimization. Waste Manag Res 2022; 40:745-753. [PMID: 34269139 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211033712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two different types of biowaste composting processes were carried out - composting without and with bioaugmentation. All experiments were performed in an adiabatic reactor for 14 days. Composting enhanced with bioaugmentation was the better choice because the thermophilic phase was achieved earlier, making the composting time shorter. Additionally, a higher conversion of substrate (amount of substrate consumed) was also noticed in the process enhanced by bioaugmentation. A mathematical model was developed and process parameters were estimated in order to optimize the composting process. Based on good agreement between experimental data and the mathematical model simulation results, a three-level-four-factor Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to define the optimal process conditions for further studies. It was found that the air flow rate and the mass fraction of the substrate have the most significant effect on the composting process. An improvement of the composting process was achieved after altering the mentioned variables, resulting in shorter composting time and higher conversion of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Sokač
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Šalić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dajana Kučić Grgić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Šabić Runjavec
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Vidaković
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Jurinjak Tušek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Zelić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Miloloža M, Bule K, Prevarić V, Cvetnić M, Ukić Š, Bolanča T, Kučić Grgić D. Assessment of the Influence of Size and Concentration on the Ecotoxicity of Microplastics to Microalgae Scenedesmus sp., Bacterium Pseudomonas putida and Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061246. [PMID: 35335576 PMCID: PMC8952821 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The harmful effects of microplastics are not yet fully revealed. This study tested harmful effects of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics were tested. Growth inhibition tests were conducted using three microorganisms with different characteristics: Scenedesmus sp., Pseudomonas putida, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The growth inhibition test with Scenedesmus sp. is relatively widely used, while the tests with Pseudomonas putida and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were, to our knowledge, applied to microplastics for the first time. The influence of concentration and size of microplastic particles, in the range of 50–1000 mg/L and 200–600 µm, was tested. Determined inhibitions on all three microorganisms confirmed the hazardous potential of the microplastics used. Modeling of the inhibition surface showed the increase in harmfulness with increasing concentration of the microplastics. Particle size showed no effect for Scenedesmus with PE, PP and PET, Pseudomonas putida with PS, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with PP. In the remaining cases, higher inhibitions followed a decrease in particle size. The exception was Scenedesmus sp. with PS, where the lowest inhibitions were obtained at 400 µm. Finally, among the applied tests, the test with Saccharomyces cerevisiae proved to be the most sensitive to microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Miloloža
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (K.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Kristina Bule
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (K.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Viktorija Prevarić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (K.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Matija Cvetnić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (K.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Šime Ukić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (K.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: (Š.U.); (D.K.G.); Tel.: +385-1-4597-217 (Š.U.); Fax: +385-1-4597-250 (Š.U.)
| | - Tomislav Bolanča
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (K.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (T.B.)
- Department for Packaging, Recycling and Environmental Protection, University North, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Dajana Kučić Grgić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (K.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: (Š.U.); (D.K.G.); Tel.: +385-1-4597-217 (Š.U.); Fax: +385-1-4597-250 (Š.U.)
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Čačko S, Pančić E, Zokić I, Miloloža M, Kučić Grgić D. Aditivi u plastici – potencijalni štetni učinci na ekosustav. Kemija u industriji 2022. [DOI: 10.15255/kui.2021.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kučić Grgić D, Miloloža M, Lovrinčić E, Kovačević A, Cvetnić M, Bulatović VO, Prevarić V, Bule K, Ukić Š, Markić M, Bolanča T. Bioremediation of MP-polluted Waters Using Bacteria Bacillus licheniformis, Lysinibacillus massiliensis, and Mixed Culture of Bacillus sp. and Delftia acidovorans. CHEM BIOCHEM ENG Q 2021. [DOI: 10.15255/cabeq.2021.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Kučić Grgić
- Department of Industrial Ecology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb
| | | | | | | | - Matija Cvetnić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb
| | | | | | | | - Šime Ukić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology
| | | | - Tomislav Bolanča
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology
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Stankov V, Stankov MN, Cvetnić M, Sigurnjak Bureš M, Ukić Š, Kučić Grgić D, Lončarić Božić A, Kušić H, Bolanča T. Environmental aspects of UV-C-based processes for the treatment of oxytetracycline in water. Environ Pollut 2021; 277:116797. [PMID: 33647807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on oxytetracycline (OTC) degradation by direct photolysis (UV-C) and photobased advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (UV-C/H2O2 and UV-C/S2O82-). OTC degradation pathways were revealed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analyses. The evolution/degradation profiles of 12 detected byproducts were correlated with changes in biodegradability and toxicity toward Vibrio fischeri recorded during the treatment. Both photobased AOPs yielded higher OTC degradation and mineralization rates than direct photolysis. The OTC degradation pathway was found to be rather specific regarding the main reactive species (HO• or SO4•-)/mechanism, yielding different patterns in toxicity changes, while biodegradability profiles were less affected. Biodegradability was correlated with the observed degradation and mineralization kinetics. The recorded toxicity changes indicate that byproducts formed by initial OTC degradation are more toxic than the parent pollutant. The prolonged treatment resulted in the formation of byproducts that contributed to a decrease in toxicity and an increase in biodegradability, as particularly emphasized in the case of UV-C/S2O82-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Stankov
- Sample Control D.o.o., Franje Puškarića 18, 10250, Lučko, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Novak Stankov
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Cvetnić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Sigurnjak Bureš
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Šime Ukić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dajana Kučić Grgić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Lončarić Božić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kušić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tomislav Bolanča
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; University North, Trg Dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, Koprivnica, 48000, Croatia
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Prevarić V, Cvetnić M, Ukić Š, Bolanča T, Milković M, Bule K, Markić M, Kučić Grgić D, Miloloža M, Sigurnjak Bureš M. The Problem of Phthalate Occurrence in Aquatic Environment. CHEM BIOCHEM ENG Q 2021. [DOI: 10.15255/cabeq.2021.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review has four major objectives: I) to present the problem of phthalate pollution, II) to highlight common techniques for quantification of phthalate compounds in <br />
water, III) to summarize current trends in determination of phthalates toxicity and point <br />
out the major adverse effects, and IV) to discuss and critically compare modern approaches in purification of phthalate-polluted water samples and thus reveal the further <br />
perspectives. Phthalates are organic compounds that are used extensively as additives in <br />
plastics and personal care products. They have high leaching potential and, therefore, <br />
they have been detected in various environments, including aquatic environments. Concentrations of phthalates in water are generally low, so their determination usually requires preconcentration. However, phthalates are compounds with very high hazardous <br />
potential. Related toxicity studies have been focused mainly on long-term exposures, and <br />
the results have shown that phthalates mainly affect the endocrine and reproductive systems. Therefore, phthalates have become a global concern. Their removal from the environment not only ensures environmental protection, but the protection of human health as well. Among various presented approaches for phthalates removal, anaerobic biodegradation has shown the highest potential for further developments because it is a promising technology for using wastewater as a source of green energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matija Cvetnić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb
| | - Šime Ukić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology
| | - Tomislav Bolanča
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology
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Bulatović VO, Jakić M, Grgić DK. Kinetic Analysis of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(lactic acid) Blends with Low-cost Natural Thermoplastic Starch. Acta Chim Slov 2020. [DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2019.5676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Plastika se zbog svoje široke uporabe može naći u svim dijelovima okoliša, gdje štetno utječe na različite sastavnice okoliša, a toksični spojevi koje adsorbira prenose se kroz hranidbene lance te s vremenom dolaze do čovjeka. Odabrana istraživanja u ovom radu usredotočena su na karakterizaciju i kvantifikaciju mikroplastike pronađene u Jadranskom moru kao i na toksičnost mikroplastike. Istraživanja su pokazala da je najviše mikroplastike detektirano u području Sjevernog Jadrana. Provedena ispitivanja ekotoksičnosti mikroplastike primjenom testa s algama ukazuju na to da mikroplastika uzrokuje smanjenje brzine rasta i kretanja algi, obavljanje fotosinteze, fizičke deformacije te dolazi do smanjenja plodnosti i promjena u metaboličkim ciklusima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bule
- Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije, Marulićev trg 19, Zagreb, Hrvatska
| | | | | | - Martina Miloloža
- Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Marulićev trg 19, 10 000 Zagreb
| | - Edi Radin
- Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije, Marulićev trg 19, Zagreb, Hrvatska
| | - Ana Tolić
- Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije, Marulićev trg 19, Zagreb, Hrvatska
| | - Karla Zadro
- Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije, Marulićev trg 19, Zagreb, Hrvatska
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Ocelić Bulatović V, Turković A, Govorčin Bajsić E, Zovko R, Jozinović A, Kučić Grgić D, Mandić L. Environmentally Friendly Packaging Materials Based on Thermoplastic Starch. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.15255/cabeq.2018.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is extensively used as packaging material, and as
such has a short service life, but long environmental persistence. The alternative to reducing the impact of LDPE as packaging material on the environment is to blend it with carbohydrate-based polymers, like starch. Therefore, the focus of this investigation was to prepare bio-based blends of LDPE and thermoplastic starch (TPS) containing different amounts of TPS using a Brabender kneading chamber. Due to incompatibility of LDPE/ TPS blends, a styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene block copolymer, grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) containing 2 mol % anhydride groups, was added as a compatibilizer. The effect of the biodegradable, hydrophilic TPS, its content, and the incorporation of the compatibilizer on the properties of LDPE/TPS blends were analysed. The characterization was performed by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water absorption (WA). Based on the results of the morphological structure, a good dispersion of the TPS phase in LDPE matrix was obtained with the incorporation of compatibilizer, which resulted in better thermal and barrier properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Romana Zovko
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb
| | - Antun Jozinović
- Subdepartment of Technology of Carbohydrates, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
| | - Dajana Kučić Grgić
- Department of Industrial Ecology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb
| | - Lucija Mandić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb
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Bulatović VO, Grgić DK, Slouf M, Ostafinska A, Dybal J, Jozinović A. Biodegradability of blends based on aliphatic polyester and thermoplastic starch. Chem Pap 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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