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Wang Y, Li M, Hu F, Wang Y. Online preconcentration of lysozyme in hen egg white using responsive polymer coating in CE. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3477-3488. [PMID: 34255416 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A mixed polymer brushes material based on poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline)- and poly (acrylic acid)-coated capillary with switchable protein adsorption/desorption properties was applied for online preconcentration of lysozyme in hen egg white during capillary electrophoresis performance. First, lysozyme in simulated egg white was successfully online preconcentrated and the detection signal of lysozyme was amplified. Ovalbumin, ovomucoid, and conalbumin in egg white were verified show negligible interference on the online preconcentration of lysozyme according to the study on electroosmotic flow mobility. Second, a series validation procedure was carried out to evaluate the proposed method performance. There was a good linearity behavior range from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/mL, limit of detection was 20 pg/mL, and limit of quantity was 50 pg/mL, the accuracy and robustness of this method were also excellent. Last, the proposed method has been successfully used to detect and analyze lysozyme in hen egg white, the determined amounts of lysozyme in hen egg white were consistent with reported normal levels and recoveries were in the range of 96.0-99.2%. After 75 consecutive runs, this prepared capillary was still stable for online preconcentration and determination of lysozyme in hen egg white without being affected by complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Mengqin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Fei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
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2
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Rageh AH, Abdel-Aal FAM, Pyell U. Optimization of a sensitive and robust strategy for micellar electrokinetic chromatographic analysis of sofosbuvir in combination with its co-formulated hepatitis C antiviral drugs. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1616:460795. [PMID: 31918849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on our previous work with "pseudostationary-ion exchanger sweeping", we use this strategy to develop a sensitive, reliable and robust method for the analysis of the newly-FDA approved hepatitis C antiviral drugs namely; sofosbuvir (SOV), daclatasvir (DAC), ledipasvir (LED) and velpatasvir (VEP) in their pure forms and co-formulated pharmaceutical dosage forms using micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) as a separation method. For the first time, a successful separation of all the investigated compounds was achieved in less than 8 min using a basic background electrolyte (BGE) composed of 25 mmol L-1 SDS + 20% (v/v) ACN (acetonitrile) in 10 mmol L-1 disodium tetraborate buffer (final apparent pH is 9.90). A special focus was given to optimize the composition of the sample matrix to maintain the solubility of the analytes within the sample zone while gaining additional benefits regarding analyte zone focusing. It was found that replacing phosphoric acid (as a sample matrix) with a zwitterionic/isoelectric buffering compound (L-glutamic acid) has a substantial positive impact on the obtained enrichment efficiency. The interplay of other enrichment principles such as the retention factor gradient effect (RFGE) is also discussed. A full validation study is performed based on the pharmacopeial and ICH guidelines. The obtained limits of detection and quantitation are as low as 0.63 and 1.3 μg mL-1; respectively for SOV and DAC and 1.3 and 2.5 μg mL-1; respectively for LED and VEP using UV-DAD as a detection method. The selectivity of the developed method for determination of the studied compounds in their pharmaceutical dosage forms or in the presence of ribavirin (RIB) or elbasvir (ELB), which are other prescribed medications in the treatment regimen of patients with hepatitis C virus infection, is demonstrated. It is shown that with acidic sample matrix and basic BGE, an efficient and precise approach was designed in which analyte adsorption on the capillary wall was minimized while keeping repeatable peak height, peak area and migration time together with the highest possible enrichment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza H Rageh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Fatma A M Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ute Pyell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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3
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Boublík M, Riesová M, Hruška V, Šteflová J. Online preconcentration of weak electrolytes at the pH boundary induced by a system zone in capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1085:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Rageh AH, Pyell U. “Pseudostationary Ion-Exchanger” Sweeping as an Online Enrichment Technique in the Determination of Nucleosides in Urine via Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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The Concept of Stationary and Moving Boundaries Modelled as Accelerating or Decelerating Planes in the Understanding of Sweeping Processes Employed for Online Focusing in Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and Electrokinetic Chromatography. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Zhang Z, Zhu G, Peuchen EH, Dovichi NJ. Preparation of linear polyacrylamide coating and strong cationic exchange hybrid monolith in a single capillary, and its application as an automated platform for bottom-up proteomics by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Ouyang L, Liu Q, Liang H. Combining field-amplified sample stacking with moving reaction boundary electrophoresis on a paper chip for the preconcentration and separation of metal ions. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:789-797. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangfei Ouyang
- Separation Science Institute, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Separation Science Institute, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Heng Liang
- Separation Science Institute, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
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9
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Chen D, Shen X, Sun L. Capillary zone electrophoresis–mass spectrometry with microliter-scale loading capacity, 140 min separation window and high peak capacity for bottom-up proteomics. Analyst 2017; 142:2118-2127. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CZE–MS can approach a microliter-scale loading capacity and a 140 min separation window for large-scale bottom-up proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA 48824
| | - Xiaojing Shen
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA 48824
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA 48824
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10
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Adam V, Vaculovicova M. Nanomaterials for sample pretreatment prior to capillary electrophoretic analysis. Analyst 2017; 142:849-857. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02608g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are, in analytical science, used for a broad range of purposes, covering the area of sample pretreatment as well as separation, detection and identification of target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Mendel University in Brno
- CZ-613 00 Brno
- Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Mendel University in Brno
- CZ-613 00 Brno
- Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology
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11
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Breadmore MC, Wuethrich A, Li F, Phung SC, Kalsoom U, Cabot JM, Tehranirokh M, Shallan AI, Abdul Keyon AS, See HH, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2014–2016). Electrophoresis 2016; 38:33-59. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Breadmore
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ASTech, ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Sui Ching Phung
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Umme Kalsoom
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Joan M. Cabot
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Masoomeh Tehranirokh
- ASTech, ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aliaa I. Shallan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Helwan University Cairo Egypt
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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12
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Cao K, Xu Y, Mu X, Zhang Q, Wang R, Lv J. Sensitive determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids inTussilago farfaraL. by field-amplified, sample-stacking, sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4243-4250. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology; Chongqing P. R. China
- International R&D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Xiuni Mu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Renjie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Junjiang Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
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13
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent applications of capillary electromigration methods to separation and analysis of proteins. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:23-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Zhu G, Sun L, Dovichi NJ. Dynamic pH junction preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for proteomics analysis. Analyst 2016; 141:5216-20. [PMID: 27460877 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) is an interesting complimentary technique to reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-ESI-MS for proteomics research. However, the low sample loading capacity of CZE (typically a few nL) can limit its application for large-scale proteomics. A number of on-line sample preconcentration methods have been developed to increase sample loading volumes. This review considers the dynamic pH junction as a simple on-line sample preconcentration method; this method is well suited for amphiprotic analytes. In the pH junction, these analytes are suspended in a basic buffer, injected by pressure into the capillary, and separated in an acidic background electrolyte, with no changes in either CZE-MS operations or instrumentation. We have demonstrated that the dynamic pH junction method can improve the sample loading volume to sub-μL volumes without significant loss of separation capacity for bottom-up proteomic analysis. The dynamic pH junction based CZE-ESI-MS system has been applied for a number of complex biological samples, including the E. coli proteome, impurities in recombinant antibody therapeutics, and the characterization of the phosphoproteome from a human cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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15
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Mai TD, Oukacine F, Taverna M. Multiple capillary isotachophoresis with repetitive hydrodynamic injections for performance improvement of the electromigration preconcentration. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1453:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Analysis of four antimigraine drugs in two ternary mixtures by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography with retention factor gradient effect and dynamic pH junction. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Onjiko RM, Morris SE, Moody SA, Nemes P. Single-cell mass spectrometry with multi-solvent extraction identifies metabolic differences between left and right blastomeres in the 8-cell frog (Xenopus) embryo. Analyst 2016; 141:3648-56. [PMID: 27004603 PMCID: PMC4899105 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00200e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell metabolic mass spectrometry enables the discovery (untargeted) analysis of small molecules in individual cells. Using single-cell capillary electrophoresis high-resolution mass spectrometry (CE-HRMS), we recently uncovered small-molecule differences between embryonic cells located along the animal-vegetal and dorsal-ventral axes of the 16-cell frog (Xenopus laevis) embryo, raising the question whether metabolic cell heterogeneity also exists along the left-right body axis. To address this question, we here advance single-cell CE-HRMS for identifying and quantifying metabolites in higher analytical sensitivity, and then use the methodology to compare metabolite production between left and right cells. Our strategy utilizes multiple solvents with complementary physicochemical properties to extract small molecules from single cells and improve electrophoretic separation, increasing metabolite ion signals for quantification and tandem HRMS. As a result, we were able to identify 55 different small molecules in D1 cells that were isolated from 8-cell embryos. To quantify metabolite production between left and right cells, we analyzed n = 24 different D1 cells in technical duplicate-triplicate measurements. Statistical and multivariate analysis based on 80 of the most repeatedly quantified compounds revealed 10 distinct metabolites that were significantly differentially accumulated in the left or right cells (p < 0.05 and fold change ≥1.5). These metabolites were enriched in the arginine-proline metabolic pathway in the right, but not the left D1 cells. Besides providing analytical benefits for single-cell HRMS, this work provides new metabolic data on the establishment of normal body asymmetry in the early developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary M Onjiko
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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18
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Chang PL, Hsieh MM, Chiu TC. Recent Advances in the Determination of Pesticides in Environmental Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:409. [PMID: 27070634 PMCID: PMC4847071 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, owing to the increasing population and the attempts to satisfy its needs, pesticides are widely applied to control the quantity and quality of agricultural products. However, the presence of pesticide residues and their metabolites in environmental samples is hazardous to the health of humans and all other living organisms. Thus, monitoring these compounds is extremely important to ensure that only permitted levels of pesticide are consumed. To this end, fast, reliable, and environmentally friendly methods that can accurately analyze dilute, complex samples containing both parent substances and their metabolites are required. Focusing primarily on research published since 2010, this review summarizes the use of various sample pretreatment techniques to extract pesticides from various matrices, combined with on-line preconcentration strategies for sensitivity improvement, and subsequent capillary electrophoresis analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ling Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Mu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 62, Shenjhong Road, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung 82446, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, 369, Section 2, University Road, Taitung 95092, Taiwan.
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19
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Buzatto AZ, Guedes SF, de Oliveira Silva M, Gallafrio JM, Simionato AVC. Higher detectability method for the analysis of nucleosides, putative tumor biomarkers, in blood serum samples by CE-UV with reversed EOF. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2968-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Zardini Buzatto
- Laboratory of Biomolecules Analysis Tiselius (LABi Tiselius), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute; Campinas State University (UNICAMP); Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Sumaya Ferreira Guedes
- Laboratory of Biomolecules Analysis Tiselius (LABi Tiselius), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute; Campinas State University (UNICAMP); Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Biomolecules Analysis Tiselius (LABi Tiselius), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute; Campinas State University (UNICAMP); Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Jéssica Mirela Gallafrio
- Laboratory of Biomolecules Analysis Tiselius (LABi Tiselius), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute; Campinas State University (UNICAMP); Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Ana Valéria Colnaghi Simionato
- Laboratory of Biomolecules Analysis Tiselius (LABi Tiselius), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute; Campinas State University (UNICAMP); Campinas SP Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Chemistry Institute; Campinas State University (UNICAMP); Campinas SP Brazil
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20
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Hernández-Mesa M, Airado-Rodríguez D, García-Campaña AM, Cruces-Blanco C. Development of an ultrasensitive stacking technique for 5-nitroimidazole determination in untreated biological fluids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2538-41. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maykel Hernández-Mesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Diego Airado-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Ana M. García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Carmen Cruces-Blanco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada; Granada Spain
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21
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Zhang Z, Sun L, Zhu G, Yan X, Dovichi NJ. Integrated strong cation-exchange hybrid monolith coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis and simultaneous dynamic pH junction for large-volume proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 138:117-122. [PMID: 25863379 PMCID: PMC4394190 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A sulfonate-silica hybrid strong cation-exchange (SCX) monolith was synthesized at the proximal end of a capillary zone electrophoresis column and used for on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) sample preconcentration. Sample was prepared in an acidic buffer and deposited onto the SCX-SPE monolith and eluted using a basic buffer. Electrophoresis was performed in an acidic buffer. This combination of buffers results in formation of a dynamic pH junction, which allows use of relatively large elution buffer volume while maintaining peak efficiency and resolution. All experiments were performed with a 50 µm ID capillary, a 1cm long SCX-SPE monolith, a 60cm long separation capillary, and a electrokinetically pumped nanospray interface. The volume of the capillary is 1.1 µL. By loading 21 µL of a 1×10(-7) M angiotensin II solution, an enrichment factor of 3000 compared to standard electrokinetic injection was achieved on this platform while retaining efficient electrophoretic performance (N=44,000 plates). The loading capacity of the sulfonate SCX hybrid monolith was determined to be ~15 pmol by frontal analysis with 10(-5) M angiotensin II. The system was also applied to the analysis of a 10(-4) mg/mL bovine serum albumin tryptic digest; the protein coverage was 12% and 11 peptides were identified. Finally, by loading 5.5 µL of a 10(-3) mg/mL E. coli digest, 109 proteins and 271 peptides were identified in a 20 min separation; the median separation efficiency generated by these peptides was 25,000 theoretical plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
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Xu X, Jia Z, Shu Y, Liu L. Dynamic pH junction–sweeping technique for on-line concentration of acidic amino acids in human serum by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 980:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Breadmore MC, Tubaon RM, Shallan AI, Phung SC, Abdul Keyon AS, Gstoettenmayr D, Prapatpong P, Alhusban AA, Ranjbar L, See HH, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2012-2014). Electrophoresis 2015; 36:36-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Breadmore
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Ria Marni Tubaon
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aliaa I. Shallan
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Sui Ching Phung
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - Daniel Gstoettenmayr
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Pornpan Prapatpong
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mahidol University; Rajathevee Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ala A. Alhusban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Leila Ranjbar
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Hong Heng See
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
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24
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UMEDA H, KITAGAWA S, OHTANI H. Zone Sharpening of Peptides in Pressurized Capillary Electrochromatography Using Dynamic pH Junction. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:1151-4. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideomi UMEDA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Shinya KITAGAWA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Hajime OHTANI
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
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25
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Detection limit enhancement of antiarrhythmic drugs in human plasma using capillary electrophoresis with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and field-amplified sample stacking method. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:21-37. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A new capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with ultraviolet detection method has been developed and validated for the analysis of four antiarrhythmic drugs in human plasma samples. Methods: In this study, a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) was employed for biological samples clean-up and sensitivity enhancement in CZE. Results: Under optimum DLLME-FASS-CZE conditions, enhancement factors were in the range of 157–314. The method was validated over the concentration range of 20–800 ng/ml in human plasma. Inter- and intra-day precision and the accuracy were less than 20%; the detection limits ranged from 2.5 to 4.7 ng/ml. Furthermore, the validated method was successfully applied to the detection of studied drugs in patients’ plasma samples.
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26
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Kitagawa S, Buno H, Sakabe K, Nakagawa H, Ohtani H. Analyte zone sharpening in pressurized capillary electrochromatography based on electrophoretic migration under a heterogeneous field. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3181-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso Showa Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroki Buno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso Showa Nagoya Japan
| | - Koichi Sakabe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso Showa Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso Showa Nagoya Japan
| | - Hajime Ohtani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso Showa Nagoya Japan
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27
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Determination of urinary nucleosides via borate complexation capillary electrophoresis combined with dynamic pH junction-sweeping-large volume sample stacking as three sequential steps for their on-line enrichment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5877-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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28
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Bai Y, Chang C, Du F, Tan Z, Bai Y, Liu H. Combination of dynamic pH junction with capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the determination of systemins in plant samples. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1984-8. [PMID: 24668451 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Systemin is an important group of plant peptide hormones participating in the regulation of plant defensive responses. An improved method, based on dynamic pH junction and capillary electrophoresis-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was developed for online enrichment and sensitive determination of trace systemins in plants. After optimization, the online enrichment factors for six target systemins ranged from 90- to 127-fold. The detection limits reached lower than 0.5 nM, which were comparable with the sensitivity of LC-MS method. Satisfactory quantitative results were obtained in terms of linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.993), dynamic range (3-120 ng/mL), and reproducibility (≤6.7%). For the analysis of real plant samples, a rapid sample preparation method was developed, using two steps of SPE purification with different retention and separation mechanisms. Finally, this method realized the successful detection of tomato systemin and tobacco hydroxyproline-rich systemin I from plant leaves with shorter analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Analytical & Characterization, Experiment Management Center, National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy (NICE), Beijing, P. R. China
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29
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Electrokinetics for sample preparation of biological molecules in biological samples using microfluidic systems. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1961-74. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is the first part of every analytical method, but is often considered only after the optimization of the method. It is traditionally performed using a range of techniques requiring extensive manual handling, with solid-phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, protein precipitation and ultracentrfiguation, among others, being used depending on the targets and the application. In this article, we will focus on alternatives based on electrokinetics for applications including sample clean-up, concentration and derivatization of large biological molecules (DNA, peptides and proteins) of diagnostic importance, as well as small molecules as a tool for therapeutic drug monitoring. This article describes these approaches in terms of mechanisms, applicability and potential to be integrated into a lab-on-a-chip device for directly processing biological samples. Examples dealing with treated or clean samples have been excluded except where they show exceptionally high value.
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30
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Kitagawa F, Otsuka K. Recent applications of on-line sample preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1335:43-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Li L, Xu L, Huang J, You T. On-line focusing of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine type 3 receptor antagonists via the combination of field-enhanced sample injection and dynamic pH junction in capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1331:117-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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El-Awady M, Pyell U. Processes involved in sweeping as sample enrichment method in cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography of hydrophobic basic analytes. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:605-16. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Awady
- Department of Chemistry; University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Ute Pyell
- Department of Chemistry; University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
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33
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Jooß K, Sommer J, Bunz SC, Neusüß C. In-line SPE-CE using a fritless bead string design-Application for the analysis of organic sulfonates including inline SPE-CE-MS for APTS-labeled glycans. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:1236-43. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jooß
- Faculty of Chemistry; Aalen University; Aalen Germany
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34
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2011-2013). Electrophoresis 2013; 35:69-95. [PMID: 24255019 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The review presents a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF, affinity electrophoresis, EKC, and electrochromatography) for analysis, isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides, in the methodology of their analysis, including sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, as well as in detection of peptides, are presented. New developments in particular CE and CEC modes are reported and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are described: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide relevant physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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35
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Online dynamic pH junction–sweeping for the determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in food products by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:635-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Poinsot V, Ong-Meang V, Gavard P, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electromigration methods, 2011-2013. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:50-68. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Véréna Poinsot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | | | - Pierre Gavard
- Laboratoire des IMRCP; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - François Couderc
- Laboratoire des IMRCP; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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37
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El-Awady M, Belal F, Pyell U. Robust analysis of the hydrophobic basic analytes loratadine and desloratadine in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids by sweeping—cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1309:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Li X, Ju Y, Xu Y, Wang W, Dong Y, Ma Y, Chen X. On-line capillary electrophoresis enrichment by combining chitosan trapping with surfactant assisted sample stacking for the ultratrace determination of organic acids in Plateau alfalfa roots. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 789:100-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Breadmore MC, Shallan AI, Rabanes HR, Gstoettenmayr D, Abdul Keyon AS, Gaspar A, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2010-2012). Electrophoresis 2013; 34:29-54. [PMID: 23161056 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CE has been alive for over two decades now, yet its sensitivity is still regarded as being inferior to that of more traditional methods of separation such as HPLC. As such, it is unsurprising that overcoming this issue still generates much scientific interest. This review continues to update this series of reviews, first published in Electrophoresis in 2007, with updates published in 2009 and 2011 and covers material published through to June 2012. It includes developments in the field of stacking, covering all methods from field amplified sample stacking and large volume sample stacking, through to isotachophoresis, dynamic pH junction and sweeping. Attention is also given to online or inline extraction methods that have been used for electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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40
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Recent advances in on-line concentration and separation of amino acids using capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7919-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Hsieh BC, Chen RLC, Tsai T. Quantification of 5-aminolevulinic acid by CE using dynamic pH junction technique. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:803-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Richie L. C. Chen
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tsuimin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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42
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KITAGAWA F, KAWAI T, OTSUKA K. On-line Sample Preconcentration by Large-volume Sample Stacking with an Electroosmotic Flow Pump (LVSEP) in Microscale Electrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2013; 29:1129-39. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.29.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko KITAGAWA
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Takayuki KAWAI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Koji OTSUKA
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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43
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Breadmore MC. Approaches to enhancing the sensitivity of carbohydrate separations in capillary electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 984:27-43. [PMID: 23386334 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis in both capillaries (CE) and microchips (ME) is an extremely powerful liquid phase-separation technique that is indispensable for the separation of carbohydrates. It is capable of separating both small mono- and disaccharides, through to more complex oligo- and polysaccharides, with high resolution, but as with all CE and ME separations, the detection limits are often inferior to those that can be achieved with liquid chromatographic methods. One avenue to address this is to use an on-line concentration strategy. Various approaches have been developed over the past 20 years, and this chapter will highlight their application to improve the sensitivity of carbohydrate separations in both CE and ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Breadmore
- Australian Center for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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44
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Šlampová A, Malá Z, Pantůčková P, Gebauer P, Boček P. Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:3-18. [PMID: 23161176 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sample stacking is a term denoting a multifarious class of methods and their names that are used daily in CE for online concentration of diluted samples to enhance separation efficiency and sensitivity of analyses. The essence of these methods is that analytes present at low concentrations in a large injected sample zone are concentrated into a short and sharp zone (stack) in the separation capillary. Then the stacked analytes are separated and detected. Regardless of the diversity of the stacking electromigration methods, one can distinguish four main principles that form the bases of nearly all of them: (i) Kohlrausch adjustment of concentrations, (ii) pH step, (iii) micellar methods, and (iv) transient ITP. This contribution is a continuation of our previous reviews on the topic and brings an overview of papers published during 2010-2012 and relevant to the mentioned principles (except the last one which is covered by another review in this issue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Šlampová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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45
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Dziomba S, Kowalski P, Bączek T. Field-amplified sample stacking–sweeping of vitamins B determination in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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46
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Zhao SS, Zhong X, Tie C, Chen DD. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for analysis of complex samples. Proteomics 2012; 12:2991-3012. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sherry Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Xuefei Zhong
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Cai Tie
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - David D.Y. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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47
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Kitagawa F, Kawai T, Sueyoshi K, Otsuka K. Recent progress of on-line sample preconcentration techniques in microchip electrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:85-93. [PMID: 22322799 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent developments and applications of on-line sample preconcentration techniques to enhance the detection sensitivity in microchip electrophoresis (MCE); references are mainly from 2008 and later. Among various developed techniques, we focus on the sample preconcentration based on the changes in the migration velocity of analytes in two or three discontinuous solutions system, since they can provide the sensitivity enhancement with relatively easy experimental procedures and short analysis times. The characteristic features of the on-line sample preconcentration applied to microchip electrophoresis (MCE) are presented, categorized on the basis of "field strength-" or "chemically" induced changes in the migration velocity. The preconcentration techniques utilizing field strength-induced changes in the velocity include field-amplified sample stacking, isotachophoresis and transient-isotachophoresis, whereas those based on chemically induced changes in the velocity are sweeping, transient-trapping and dynamic pH junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036–8561, Japan.
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48
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KAEWCHUAY N, FUKUSHI K, TSUBOI A, OKAMURA H, SAITO K, HIROKAWA T. Simultaneous Determination of Pyridine-Triphenylborane Anti-Fouling Agent and Its Degradation Products in Paint-Waste Samples Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Field-Amplified Sample Injection. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:1191-6. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ai TSUBOI
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University
| | - Hideo OKAMURA
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University
| | - Keiitsu SAITO
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University
| | - Takeshi HIROKAWA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
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