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Caño-Carrillo I, Gilbert-López B, Montero L, Martínez-Piernas AB, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Comprehensive and heart-cutting multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its applications in food analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:936-976. [PMID: 37056215 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In food analysis, conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography methods sometimes lack sufficient separation power due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the analyzed matrices. Therefore, the use of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) turns out to be a powerful tool to consider, especially when coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). This review presents the most remarkable 2D-LC-MS food applications reported in the last 10 years, including a critical discussion of the multiple approaches, modulation strategies as well as the importance of the optimization of the different analytical aspects that will condition the 2D-LC-MS performance. The presence of contaminants in food (food safety), the food quality, and authenticity or the relationship between the beneficial effects of food and human health are some of the fields in which most of the 2D-LC-MS applications are mainly focused. Both heart-cutting and comprehensive applications are described and discussed in this review, highlighting the potential of 2D-LC-MS for the analysis of such complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caño-Carrillo
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Bienvenida Gilbert-López
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Lidia Montero
- Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Martínez-Piernas
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Díaz
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Caño-Carrillo I, Martínez-Piernas AB, Gilbert-López B, Molina-Díaz A, García-Reyes JF. Simultaneous analysis of highly polar and multi-residue-type pesticides by heart-cutting 2D-LC-MS. Talanta 2024; 266:124918. [PMID: 37454518 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is currently the gold-standard technique for the analysis of non-volatile small organic molecules. However, one-dimensional liquid chromatography (1D-LC) cannot efficiently deal with mixtures of analytes with different physicochemical properties and, thus, specific chromatographic behaviour. As an alternative, this work proposes a two-dimensional liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (2D-LC-HRMS) approach for the simultaneous analysis of compounds with different polarities. It is based on the combination of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in the first dimension (1D) and reversed-phase chromatography (RPLC) in the second dimension (2D), employing the heart-cutting methodology. The coupling between 1D and 2D was performed by a multiple heart-cutting (MHC) interface equipped with an active solvent modulation (ASM) valve. The aim of the study was the development of a 2D-LC methodology able to (i) acquire the 1D and 2D content by MS in a single analytical run, avoiding the loss of information caused by the MHC algorithm for filling the sampling loops; (ii) overcome the breakthrough problem caused by solvent incompatibility, modifying the 2D gradient during the ASM phase for this purpose. To evaluate the 2D-LC approach, pesticide residue analysis was proposed, selecting 20 pesticides covering a wide range of polarities (log Kow from -3.2 to 4.3) and including some of the so-called single residue method pesticides because of the difficulty of including them in 1D-LC multi-residue methods with satisfactory chromatographic resolution. The proposed strategy was to transfer in a single cut the void volume from the HILIC separation (consisting of the nonpolar pesticides) to the 2D for analysis under RPLC conditions. The developed assembly was assessed in a vegetable matrix (tomato) employing a hybrid QuEChERS/QuPPe sample treatment based on acetonitrile and methanol extraction. The proposed setup may be extended for 2D-LC applications where it is essential to acquire the entire content of both dimensions in a single data file just by coupling a selection valve to the MHC interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caño-Carrillo
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana B Martínez-Piernas
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Bienvenida Gilbert-López
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Díaz
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
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Caño-Carrillo I, Gilbert-López B, Montero L, Martínez-Piernas AB, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Comprehensive and heart-cutting multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its applications in food analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 37010157 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In food analysis, conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography methods sometimes lack sufficient separation power due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the analysed matrices. Therefore, the use of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) turns out to be a powerful tool to consider, especially when coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). This review presents the most remarkable 2D-LC-MS food applications reported in the last 10 years, including a critical discussion of the multiple approaches, modulation strategies as well as the importance of the optimisation of the different analytical aspects that will condition the 2D-LC-MS performance. The presence of contaminants in food (food safety), the food quality and authenticity or the relationship between the beneficial effects of food and human health are some of the fields in which most of the 2D-LC-MS applications are mainly focused. Both heart-cutting and comprehensive applications are described and discussed in this review, highlighting the potential of 2D-LC-MS for the analysis of such complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caño-Carrillo
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Bienvenida Gilbert-López
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Lidia Montero
- Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Martínez-Piernas
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Díaz
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Anagnostopoulou K, Nannou C, Evgenidou E, Lambropoulou D. Overarching issues on relevant pesticide transformation products in the aquatic environment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152863. [PMID: 34995614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intensification of agricultural production during the last decades has forced the rapid increase in the use of pesticides that finally end up in the aquatic environment. Albeit well-documented, pesticides continue to raise researchers' attention, because of their potential adverse impacts on the environment and, inevitably, humans. Once entering the aquatic bodies, pesticides undergo biotic and abiotic processes, resulting in transformation products (TPs) that sometimes are even more toxic than the parent compounds. A substantial shift of the scientific interest in the TPs of pesticides has been observed since their environmental fate, occurrence and toxicity is still in its formative stage. In an ongoing effort to expand the existing knowledge on the topic, several interesting works have been performed mostly in European countries, such as France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Greece, and Spain that counts the highest number of relevant publications. Pesticide TPs have been also studied to a lesser extent in Asia, North and South America. To this end, the main objective of this review is to delineate the global occurrence, fate, toxicity as well as the analytical challenges related to pesticide TPs in surface, ground, and wastewaters, with the view to contribute to a better understanding of the environmental problems related with TPs formation. The concentration levels of the TPs, ranging from the low ng/L to high μg/L scale and distributed worldwide. Ultimately, an attempt to predict the acute and chronic toxicity of TPs has been carried out with the aid of an in-silico approach based on ECOSAR, revealing increased chronic toxicity for the majority of the identified TPs, despite the change they underwent, while a small portion of them presented serious acute toxicity values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Anagnostopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Nannou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Eleni Evgenidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece.
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Muehlwald S, Meyburg N, Rohn S, Buchner N. A Comparison between a Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography System and a Traditional QuEChERS-LC Method with Regard to Matrix Removal and Matrix Effects in Pesticide Analysis Using Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15005-15019. [PMID: 34855392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a fully automated two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system was used for the investigation of the clean-up effect and was compared with a traditional Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) liquid chromatography (LC) method. The focus of those investigations was on negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. For that purpose, matrix fingerprinting profiles were created. The results allowed a comparison of both methods regarding the estimation of the number and the polarity of detected compounds. Moreover, the results of the present study were compared with the results generated in positive ESI mode (presented in a previous study). Furthermore, the two methods were compared with regard to matrix effects (ME) of 321 analytes in positive ESI mode and 96 analytes in negative ESI mode. In general, fewer compounds could be detected when 2D-LC and/or the negative ESI mode was used. Especially, very polar compounds with m/z values >1000 could be separated and could not be detected anymore when 2D-LC was applied. Furthermore, the best results were obtained for most analytes when 2D-LC was used, although the extent of ME seemed to be higher with 2D-LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Muehlwald
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Meyburg
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Buchner
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Muehlwald S, Meyburg N, Rohn S, Buchner N. Comparing a two-dimensional liquid chromatography with a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe protocol-based liquid chromatography method for matrix removal in pesticide analysis using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1623:461153. [PMID: 32505272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a clean-up approach using a two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) consisting of a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column and a reversed phase column was investigated. A fully automated 2D-LC system was used and compared with a traditional quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) liquid chromatography (QuE-LC) method. The comparison was based on the results of a validation of selected analytes. It was investigated whether the detectability of analytes could be improved by the use of the 2D-LC. On the basis of these results, the relative detection rates were determined for every matrix. By means of those detection rates, the matrices were categorized regarding their complexity. Furthermore, the applicability of the 2D-LC was tested by participation in the European Proficiency Test in Fruits and Vegetables Screening Methods. In order to evaluate the separation and the elution profile of matrix components, multivariate data analysis was applied. For this purpose, ten matrices were processed in accordance to a QuEChERS protocol and the protocol for 2D-LC analysis. Moreover, the reagent blanks of the corresponding matrix were processed and analyzed by QuE-LC and 2D-LC. The results allowed evaluating the number of detected compounds for both methods. Additionally, the influence of compounds originating from reagent blanks can be estimated. In general, less compounds could be detected when 2D-LC was used. Especially, these were very polar compounds and compounds with m/z values >1500. These compounds seem to originate primarily from the used reagents especially from the citrate salts. However, the most of these compounds could be separated and were not detectable any more when 2D-LC was used. The results of the comparison based on validation and participation in the European Proficiency Test also show a better detectability for the most analytes with 2D-LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Muehlwald
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nina Meyburg
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Buchner
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Jost U, Habedank F. Two-dimensional hydrophilic interaction and reversed phase liquid chromatography easily extracted pesticides and polar pesticides multi-residue method--A concept. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461040. [PMID: 32204883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We offer a concept for the simultaneous determination of QuEChERS amenable and highly polar pesticides using two-dimensional liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI) and polarity switching. First results proved feasibility to determine glyphosate, AMPA, ethephon, glufosinate, MPPA, fosetyl-Al, N-acetyl-glufosinate, N-acetyl-glyphosate and N-acetyl-AMPA including fragments, next to 325 QuEChERS amenable pesticides. We plan to investigate an efficient extraction procedure by either diluting with water or acetonitrile extraction in mini scale without the need for additional clean-up steps. After completion of all experiments, the method will be validated and expanded for further pesticides and organic contaminants. Therefore, we present a concept for a Two-dimensional HILIC Reversed phase Easily Extracted Pesticides and Polar Pesticides (THREEP or 3P(+)) multi-residue method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Jost
- State Office for Agriculture, Food Safety and Fisheries Rostock, Thierfelderstraße 18, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Friederike Habedank
- State Office for Agriculture, Food Safety and Fisheries Rostock, Thierfelderstraße 18, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Urban M, Hann S, Rost H. Simultaneous determination of pesticides, mycotoxins, tropane alkaloids, growth regulators, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids in oats and whole wheat grains after online clean-up via two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:98-111. [PMID: 30600768 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1531662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of pesticide residues and contaminants in whole wheat grains and oats. The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and water and were injected into the two-dimensional LC-MS/MS system without any further clean-up or sample preparation. Samples were analyzed with four different matrix matched calibrations. Matrix effects were evaluated by comparing analyte signals in the respective matrix matched standard with the neat solvent standards. The final method was validated according to the current Eurachem validation guide and SANTE document. The number of successfully validated analytes throughout all three validation levels in oats and wheat, respectively, were as follows: 330 and 316 out of 370 pesticides, 6 and 13 out of 18 pyrrolizidine alkaloids and 7 out of 9 regulated mycotoxins. Moreover, both plant growth regulators mepiquat and chlormequat as well as the tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine met the validation criteria. The majority of pesticides showed limits of detection below 1 µg kg-1, pyrrolizidine alkaloids below 0.7 µg kg-1, tropane alkaloids below 0.2 µg kg-1, growth regulators below 0.7 µg kg-1 and mycotoxins below 8 µg kg-1 in both matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Urban
- a Department of Residue Analysis , LVA GmbH , Klosterneuburg , Austria
| | - Stephan Hann
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Boku , Vienna , Austria
| | - Helmut Rost
- a Department of Residue Analysis , LVA GmbH , Klosterneuburg , Austria
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Besil N, Cesio V, Heinzen H, Fernandez-Alba AR. Matrix Effects and Interferences of Different Citrus Fruit Coextractives in Pesticide Residue Analysis Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4819-4829. [PMID: 28541668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The matrix effects of ethyl acetate extracts from seven different citrus fruits on the determination of 80 pesticide residues using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-(ESI)-HR-TOF) at 4 GHz resolution mode were studied. Only 20% of the evaluated pesticides showed noticeable matrix effects (ME) due to coelution with natural products between tR = 3 and 11 min. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the detected coextractives grouped the mandarins and the orange varieties, but separated lemon, oranges, and mandarins from each other. Matrix effects were different among species but similar between varieties, forcing the determination of pesticide residues through matrix-matched calibration curves with the same fruit. Twenty-three natural products (synephrine, naringin, poncirin, glycosides of hesperitin, limonin, nomilin, and a few fatty acids, among others) were identified in the analyzed extracts. Twelve of the identified compounds coeluted with 28 of the pesticides under study, causing different matrix effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Besil
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, Pesticide Residue Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria , La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Quı́mica del Litoral, Facultad de Quı́mica, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR) , 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República , General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Cesio
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Quı́mica del Litoral, Facultad de Quı́mica, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR) , 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República , General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Horacio Heinzen
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Quı́mica del Litoral, Facultad de Quı́mica, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR) , 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República , General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Amadeo R Fernandez-Alba
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, Pesticide Residue Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria , La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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10
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Valverde S, Ares AM, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Simultaneous determination of thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and metazachlor residues in soil by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1083-1090. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valverde
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Ana M. Ares
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - José Luis Bernal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - María Jesús Nozal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - José Bernal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
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11
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Simultaneous Determination of Amitraz and its Metabolites in Blood by Support Liquid Extraction Using UPHLC-QTOF. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:437-44. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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12
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Pang N, Wang T, Hu J. Method validation and dissipation kinetics of four herbicides in maize and soil using QuEChERS sample preparation and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Morris BD, Schriner RB. Development of an Automated Column Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup of QuEChERS Extracts, Using a Zirconia-Based Sorbent, for Pesticide Residue Analyses by LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5107-19. [PMID: 25702899 DOI: 10.1021/jf505539e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new, automated, high-throughput, mini-column solid-phase extraction (c-SPE) cleanup method for QuEChERS extracts was developed, using a robotic X-Y-Z instrument autosampler, for analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by LC-MS/MS. Removal of avocado matrix and recoveries of 263 pesticides and metabolites were studied, using various stationary phase mixtures, including zirconia-based sorbents, and elution with acetonitrile. These experiments allowed selection of a sorbent mixture consisting of zirconia, C18, and carbon-coated silica, that effectively retained avocado matrix but also retained 53 pesticides with <70% recoveries. Addition of MeOH to the elution solvent improved pesticide recoveries from zirconia, as did citrate ions in CEN QuEChERS extracts. Finally, formate buffer in acetonitrile/MeOH (1:1) was required to give >70% recoveries of all 263 pesticides. Analysis of avocado extracts by LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS showed that the method developed was removing >90% of di- and triacylglycerols. The method was validated for 269 pesticides (including homologues and metabolites) in avocado and citrus. Spike recoveries were within 70-120% and 20% RSD for 243 of these analytes in avocado and 254 in citrus, when calibrated against solvent-only standards, indicating effective matrix removal and minimal electrospray ionization suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Morris
- Food and Bioanalytical Division, R. J. Hill Laboratories, Private Bag 3205, Hamilton East, New Zealand
| | - Richard B Schriner
- Food and Bioanalytical Division, R. J. Hill Laboratories, Private Bag 3205, Hamilton East, New Zealand
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Gonzalo-Lumbreras R, Sanz-Landaluze J, Cámara C. Evaluation of chromatographic columns packed with semi- and fully porous particles for benzimidazoles separation. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2394-402. [PMID: 25943946 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of 15 benzimidazoles, including their main metabolites, using several C18 columns with standard or narrow-bore diameters and different particle size and type were evaluated. These commercial columns were selected because their differences could affect separation of benzimidazoles, and so they can be used as alternative columns. A simple screening method for the analysis of benzimidazole residues and their main metabolites was developed. First, the separation of benzimidazoles was optimized using a Kinetex C18 column; later, analytical performances of other columns using the above optimized conditions were compared and then individually re-optimized. Critical pairs resolution, analysis run time, column type and characteristics, and selectivity were considered for chromatographic columns comparison. Kinetex XB was selected because it provides the shortest analysis time and the best resolution of critical pairs. Using this column, the separation conditions were re-optimized using a factorial design. Separations obtained with the different columns tested can be applied to the analysis of specific benzimidazoles residues or other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gonzalo-Lumbreras
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cámara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Exploring matrix effects in liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination of pesticide residues in tropical fruits. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3667-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Mass Spectrometry in Food Quality and Safety. ADVANCED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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17
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Uclés S, Belmonte N, Mezcua M, Martínez AB, Martinez-Bueno MJ, Gamón M, Fernández-Alba AR. Validation of a multiclass multiresidue method and monitoring results for 210 pesticides in fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:557-68. [PMID: 24901959 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.911566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, accurate and reliable multiresidue method for the identification and quantification of 210 relevant pesticides in four representative fruit and vegetable commodities (tomato, potato, spring onion and orange) has been developed and validated by gas chromatography in tandem with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The method has been fully validated and applied to 292 samples from different countries. Prior to instrumental analysis, an extraction procedure based on a sample extraction of multiclass analytes, using the ethyl acetate method was employed. Mass spectrometric conditions were individually optimized for each compound in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode to achieve maximum sensitivity. The pesticides were separated in less than 25 min. This was followed by an exhaustive control of the retention times. The Retention Time Locking Method was applied, working at a constant pressure throughout the analysis. System maintenance was reduced by using a purged capillary flow device that provided backflush capabilities by reversing column flow immediately after elution of the last compound of interest. Istotopically labelled internal standards were employed to improve the quality of the analytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Uclés
- a Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables , University of Almeria , Almería , Spain
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18
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Yáñez KP, Martín MT, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Determination of spinosad at trace levels in bee pollen and beeswax with solid-liquid extraction and LC-ESI-MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:204-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen P. Yáñez
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - María T. Martín
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - José L. Bernal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - María J. Nozal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - José Bernal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
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