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Chen B, Shi B, Ge X, Fu Z, Yu H, Zhang X, Liu C, Han L. Integrated metabolic and transcriptomic profiles reveal the germination-associated dynamic changes for the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:240-253. [PMID: 36636016 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. (Cassiae [C.] semen) have been widely used as both food and traditional Chinese medicine in China. OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze the metabolic mechanisms underlying C. semen germination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different samples of C. semen at various germination stages were collected. These samples were subjected to 1 H-NMR and UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis together with transcriptomics analysis. RESULTS A total of 50 differential metabolites (mainly amino acids and sugars) and 20 key genes involved in multiple pathways were identified in two comparisons of different groups (36 h vs 12 h and 84 h vs 36 h). The metabolite-gene network for seed germination was depicted. In the germination of C. semen, fructose and mannose metabolism was activated in the testa rupture period, indicating more energy was needed (36 h). In the embryonic axis elongation period (84 h), the pentose and glucuronate interconversions pathway and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were activated, which suggested some nutrient sources (nitrogen and sugar) were in demand. Furthermore, oxygen, energy, and nutrition should be supplied throughout the whole germination process. These global views open up an integrated perspective for understanding the complex biological regulatory mechanisms during the germination process of C. semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Biru Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Caixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Research on Processing-Induced Chemical Variations in Polygonatum Cyrtonema Rhizome by Integrating Metabolomics and Glycomics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185869. [PMID: 36144615 PMCID: PMC9506285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizome (PCR), the dried sweet rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, is commonly used as a tonic remedy and a functional food in Asia, Europe, and North America. Multiple components, including secondary metabolites, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, collectively contribute to the therapeutic effects of PCR. Processing time exerts a significant influence on the quality of PCR, but the various processing stages have not been comprehensively chemically profiled. It is urgent to study processing-induced chemical variations in PCR to control the processing degree. In this study, multiple chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques were used in combination with multivariate statistical analysis to perform qualitative and quantitative research on secondary metabolites and carbohydrates in PCR during processing. The results demonstrated that PCR processing can be divided into three stages, namely the raw stage (0 h), the middle stage (1–6 h), and the late stage (8–18 h). Twenty differential compounds were screened from secondary metabolites and oligosaccharides to distinguish PCR in different processing stages. Furthermore, the chemical variations of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides (PCP) also entered a new stage after processing for 6 h. Multiple chemical mechanisms, including hydrolysis, oxidative decomposition, dehydration, Maillard reaction, and polymerization were involved in the processing. This work provides a scientific basis to reveal the relationship between processing stage and chemical variations.
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Chen P, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Shi H, Chen Z, Wang L. Characterization of ACE inhibitory peptide from Cassia tora L. globulin fraction and its antihypertensive activity in SHR. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ali MY, Park S, Chang M. Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacological Uses, Biological Activities, and Therapeutic Applications of Cassia obtusifolia L.: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206252. [PMID: 34684833 PMCID: PMC8538231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassia obtusifolia L., of the Leguminosae family, is used as a diuretic, laxative, tonic, purgative, and natural remedy for treating headache, dizziness, constipation, tophobia, and lacrimation and for improving eyesight. It is commonly used in tea in Korea. Various anthraquinone derivatives make up its main chemical constituents: emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, obtusifolin, obtusin, au rantio-obtusin, chryso-obtusin, alaternin, questin, aloe-emodin, gluco-aurantio-obtusin, gluco-obtusifolin, naphthopyrone glycosides, toralactone-9-β-gentiobioside, toralactone gentiobioside, and cassiaside. C. obtusifolia L. possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties (e.g., antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties) and may be used to treat Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. In addition, C. obtusifolia L. contributes to histamine release and antiplatelet aggregation. This review summarizes the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological features of C. obtusifolia and its therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Seongkyu Park
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Munseog Chang
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Qgenetics, Seoul Bio Corporation Center, 504, 23 Kyunghee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-9443
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Wu C, Xu B, Li Z, Song P, Chao Z. Gender discrimination of Populus tomentosa barks by HPLC fingerprint combined with multivariate statistics. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00311. [PMID: 33748656 PMCID: PMC7963124 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint method with multivariate statistical analyses was applied to discriminate the male and female barks of Populus tomentosa for the first time. The samples of 11 male and 13 female barks of mature P. tomentosa were collected in Beijing. The chemical fingerprint of methanol extract was established by HPLC method with diode array detector (DAD). The principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to discriminate male and female barks based on the area of common peaks identified in HPLC fingerprints. A clear grouping trend (R 2 X, 0.83; Q 2, 0.595) among the male and female samples was exhibited by PCA score plot. Two groups were clearly divided into male and female samples by HCA. Both male and female samples were well discriminated with OPLS-DA (R 2 X, 0.775; Q 2, 0.795). Seven potential chemical markers were screened by variable importance in projection (VIP values >1.0) of OPLS-DA model and four of them were identified as micranthoside, siebolside B, sakuranin, and isosakuranin. The HPLC fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analyses could be used to discriminate the gender of barks of P. tomentosa and revealed the differences in chemical components, which enriched the basic studies on dioecious plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingPR China
| | - Bo Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingPR China
| | - Zhuojun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingPR China
| | - Pingping Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingPR China
| | - Zhimao Chao
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingPR China
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Yang B, Hu J, Zhu X, Zhuang Y, Yin F, Qin K, Cai B. Qualitative analysis of multiple compounds in raw and prepared Semen Cassiae coupled with multiple statistical strategies. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4718-4729. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
| | - Xiaochai Zhu
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
| | - Yanshuang Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
| | - Fangzhou Yin
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
| | - Kunming Qin
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation; Nanjing PR China
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation; Nanjing PR China
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Yu XA, Ge AH, Zhang L, Li J, An M, Cao J, He J, Gao XM, Chang YX. Influence of different processing times on the quality of
Polygoni Multiflora Radix
by metabolomics based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1928-1941. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xie-an Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Ai-hua Ge
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Mingrui An
- Department of Surgery; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor United States
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Xiu-mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
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Yan Y, Zhang Q, Feng F. HPLC-TOF-MS and HPLC-MS/MS combined with multivariate analysis for the characterization and discrimination of phenolic profiles in nonfumigated and sulfur-fumigated rhubarb. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2667-77. [PMID: 27173451 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur fumigation has recently been used during the postharvest handling of rhubarb to reduce the drying duration and control pests. However, a few reports question the effect of sulfur fumigation on the bioactive components of rhubarb, which is crucial for the quality evaluation of the herbal medicine. The bottleneck limiting the study comes from the complex compounds that exist in herb samples with diverse structural features, wide concentration range and the difficulty to obtain all the reference standards. In this study, an integrated strategy based on the highly effective separation and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and time-of-flight/triple-quadruple tandem mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis was established. 68 phenolic compounds that exist in nonfumigated and sulfur-fumigated herb samples of rhubarb were tentatively assigned based on their retention behavior, UV spectra, accurate molecular weight, and mass spectral fragments. Qualitative and semiquantitative comparison revealed a serious reduction of the majority of phenolic compounds in sulfur-fumigated rhubarb. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was applied to holistically discriminate nonfumigated from sulfur-fumigated rhubarb and explore the characteristic chemical markers. The established approach was specific and rapid for characterizing and screening sulfur-fumigated rhubarb among commercial samples and could be applied for the quality assessment of other sulfur-fumigated herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Approach based on high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint coupled with multivariate statistical analysis for the quality evaluation of Gastrodia Rhizoma. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3825-3831. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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