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Asghar M, Lakhani A, Asif M, Sheikh NS, Hashmi MA, Ludwig R, Hammud HH, Ayub K. Chiral Recognition of Amino Acids Using CC2 Porous Organic Cages. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4245-4258. [PMID: 37155274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers have the same physical properties but different chemical properties due to the difference in the orientation of groups in space and thus Chiral discrimination is quite necessary, as an enantiomer of drug can have lethal effects. In this study, we used the CC2 cage for chiral discrimination of amino acids using density functional theory. The results indicated the physisorption of amino acids in the central cavity of the cage. Among the four selected amino acids, proline showed maximum interactions with the cage and maximum chiral discrimination energy is also observed in the case of proline that is 2.78 kcal/mol. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules and noncovalent interaction index analyses showed that the S enantiomer in each case has maximum interactions. The charge transfer between the analyte and surface is further studied through natural bond orbital analysis. It showed sensitivity of cage for both enantiomers, but a more pronounced effect is seen for S enantiomers. In frontier molecular orbital analysis, the least EH-L gap is observed in the case of R proline with a maximum charge transfer of -0.24 e-. Electron density difference analysis is carried out to analyze the pattern of the charge distribution. The partial density of state analysis is computed to understand the contribution of each enantiomer in overall density of the complexes. Our results show that S-CC2 porous organic cages have a good ability to differentiate between two enantiomers. S-CC2 porous organic cages efficiently differentiated the S enantiomer from the R enantiomers of selected amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Lakhani
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Calumet College of St. Joseph, 2400, New York Avenue, Whiting, Indiana 46394, United States
| | - Misbah Asif
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Muhammad Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Straße 27, Rostock 18059, Germany
- University of Rostock, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department "Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter", Rostock 18059, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Hassan H Hammud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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MODELLING THE SIMULTANEOUS CHIRAL SEPARATION OF A GROUP OF DRUGS BY ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY USING MIXTURES OF CYCLODEXTRINS. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Slater BD, Hill MR, Ladewig BP. Solvent-induced enantioselectivity reversal in a chiral metal organic framework. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3319-3323. [PMID: 34212502 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-induced enantioselectivity reversal is a rarely reported phenomenon in porous homochiral materials. Similar behavior has been studied in chiral high performance liquid chromatography, where minor modifications to the mobile phase can induce elution order reversal of two enantiomers on a chiral stationary phase column. We report the first instance of solvent-induced enantioselectivity reversal in a homochiral metal organic framework. Further, we highlight the complex enantioselectivity behavior of homochiral metal organic frameworks toward racemic mixtures in the presence of solvents through racemate-solvent enantioselectivity and loading experiments as well as enantiopure-solvent loading experiments. We hypothesize that this interesting selectivity reversal behavior is likely to be observed in other competitive adsorption, nonchiral selective processes involving a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Barrer Centre, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,CSIRO, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Clayton, Australia
| | - Matthew R Hill
- CSIRO, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Clayton, Australia
| | - Bradley P Ladewig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Barrer Centre, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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El Deeb S, Silva CF, Junior CSN, Hanafi RS, Borges KB. Chiral Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography: Principle and Applications, Detection and Identification, Design of Experiment, and Exploration of Chiral Recognition Using Molecular Modeling. Molecules 2021; 26:2841. [PMID: 34064769 PMCID: PMC8151978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reviews the literature of chiral capillary electrokinetic chromatography from January 2016 to March 2021. This is done to explore the state-of-the-art approach and recent developments carried out in this field. The separation principle of the technique is described and supported with simple graphical illustrations, showing migration under normal and reversed polarity modes of the separation voltage. The most relevant applications of the technique for enantioseparation of drugs and other enantiomeric molecules in different fields using chiral selectors in single, dual, or multiple systems are highlighted. Measures to improve the detection sensitivity of chiral capillary electrokinetic chromatography with UV detector are discussed, and the alternative aspects are explored, besides special emphases to hyphenation compatibility to mass spectrometry. Partial filling and counter migration techniques are described. Indirect identification of the separated enantiomers and the determination of enantiomeric migration order are mentioned. The application of Quality by Design principles to facilitate method development, optimization, and validation is presented. The elucidation and explanation of chiral recognition in molecular bases are discussed with special focus on the role of molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Camilla Fonseca Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Campus Dom Bosco, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João del-Rei 36301-160, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.F.S.); (C.S.N.J.); (K.B.B.)
| | - Clebio Soares Nascimento Junior
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Campus Dom Bosco, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João del-Rei 36301-160, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.F.S.); (C.S.N.J.); (K.B.B.)
| | - Rasha Sayed Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Keyller Bastos Borges
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Campus Dom Bosco, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João del-Rei 36301-160, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.F.S.); (C.S.N.J.); (K.B.B.)
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Native and substituted cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations: Structures, features, application, and molecular modeling. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1676-1708. [PMID: 33956995 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of α-d-glucopyranosyl units linked through 1,4-linkages, which are obtained from enzymatic degradation of starch. The coexistence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the same structure makes these macrocycles extremely versatile as complexing host with application in food, cosmetics, environmental, agriculture, textile, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Due to their inherent chirality, CDs have been also successfully used as chiral selectors in enantioseparation science, in particular, for CE enantioseparations. In the last decades, multidisciplinary approaches based on CE, NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, microcalorimetry, and molecular modeling have shed light on some aspects of recognition mechanisms underlying enantiodiscrimination. With the ever growing improvement of computer facilities, hardware and software, computational techniques have become a useful tool to model at molecular level the dynamics of diastereomeric associate formation to sample low-energy conformations, the binding energies between the enantiomer and the CD, and to profile noncovalent interactions contributing to the stability of CD/enantiomer association. On this basis, the aim of this review is to provide the reader with a critical overview on the applications of CDs in CE. In particular, the contemporary theory of the electrophoretic technique and the main structural features of CDs are described, with a specific focus on techniques, methods, and approaches to model CE enantioseparations promoted by native and substituted CDs. A systematic compilation of all published literature has not been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Dou R, Chen K, Chi G, Luo J, Wong CF, Zhou B. Why heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl)-β-cyclodextrin can separate terbutaline enantiomers better than β-cyclodextrin: nonbonding and hydrophobic interactions. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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TANG W, CHANG J, WANG Y, WANG A, WANG R. [Research progress on chiral separation of amphetamines, ketamine, cathinones]. Se Pu 2021; 39:271-280. [PMID: 34227308 PMCID: PMC9403806 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiomers are ubiquitous in nature, and they are especially important in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry. Although the enantiomers of chiral drugs have identical chemical structures, they differ notably in their pharmacological, toxicological, pharmacokinetic, metabolic, and other biological activities. The same is true for amphetamines, ketamine, and cathinones, as the chiral separation of these three drugs is representative of drugs. Gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are widely used for the chiral separation of these three kinds of drugs. There are some similarities among the three methods for the chiral separation of amphetamines, ketamine, and cathinones: n-trifluoroacetyl-L-prolinyl chloride and (+)R-α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid are the two typical chiral derivatization reagents used in GC. In HPLC, three kinds of chiral stationary phases are used: proteins, polysaccharides, and macrocyclic antibiotics. Cyclodextrin and its derivatives are most commonly used in CE. However, these three methods have inherent shortcomings. In the case of GC, impurities produced during chiral derivatization may interfere with the analysis, and high reaction temperatures affect the efficiency of chiral separation. HPLC has limited application scope and is expensive. In CE, there has no established process to determine the appropriate chiral selector. In recent years, research into application of the chiral separation of the above-mentioned three kinds of drugs has its own characteristics in forensic toxicology. The chiral separation of amphetamine drugs is mostly used to infer the prototype and synthesis route of drugs on the market. The chiral separation of ketamine involves a variety of biological samples. For cathinones, chiral separation methods emphasize their wide applicability. In this review, 66 reports published in professional local and overseas magazines during the past decade are collated. The characteristics of the enantiomers of amphetamines, ketamine, and cathinones as well as the mechanism of chiral recognition are briefly introduced. The commonness of the research and the application of chiral separation in forensic toxicology are reviewed. This paper proposes that the chiral separation of drugs can be further investigated from the following three aspects: 1) the use of computer technology to establish a molecular model for exploring the mechanism of chiral recognition; 2) developing new technologies for chiral separation and carrying out commercial research on the supercritical fluid method; 3) applying chiral separation to judicial practice, pharmaceutical research and development, and other practical fields.
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Single isomer cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461375. [PMID: 32823120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since decades, cyclodextrins are one of the most powerful selectors in chiral capillary electrophoresis for the enantioseparation of diverse organic compounds. This review concerns papers published over the last decade (from 2009 until nowadays), dealing with the capillary electrophoretic application of single isomer cyclodextrin derivatives in chiral separations. Following a brief overview of their synthetic approaches, the inventory of the neutral, negatively and positively charged (including both permanently ionic and pH-tunable ionizable substituents) and zwitterionic CD derivatives is presented, with insights to underlying structural aspects by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. CE represents an ideal tool to study the weak, non-covalent supramolecular interactions. The published methods are reviewed in the light of enantioselectivity, enantiomer migration order and the fine-tuning of enantiodiscrimination by the substitution pattern of the single entity selector molecules, which is hardly possible for their randomly substituted counterparts. All the reviewed publications herein support that cyclodextrin-based chiral capillary electrophoresis seems to remain a popular choice in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
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Liu Y, Zhu B, Xue M, Jiang Z, Guo X. Studies on the chiral separation of pheniramine and its enantioselective pharmacokinetics in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Ružena Č, Jindra V, Renáta H. Chirality of β2-agonists. An overview of pharmacological activity, stereoselective analysis, and synthesis. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstractβ2-Agonists (β2-adrenergic agonists, bronchodilatants, and sympathomimetic drugs) are a group of drugs that are mainly used in asthma and obstructive pulmonary diseases. In practice, the substances used to contain one or more stereogenic centers in their structure and their enantiomers exhibit different pharmacological properties. In terms of bronchodilatory activity, (R)-enantiomers showed higher activity. The investigation of stereoselectivity in action and disposition of chiral drugs together with the preparation of pure enantiomer drugs calls for efficient stereoselective analytical methods. The overview focuses on the stereoselectivity in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of β2-agonists and summarizes the stereoselective analytical methods for the enantioseparation of racemic beta-agonists (HPLC, LC-MS, GC, TLC, CE). Some methods of the stereoselective synthesis for β2-agonists preparation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Čižmáriková Ružena
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Valentová Jindra
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Horáková Renáta
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Enantiomeric determination of econazole and sulconazole by electrokinetic chromatography using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin combined with ionic liquids based on L-lysine and L-glutamic acid. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461085. [PMID: 32376018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two analytical methodologies based on the combined use of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and two different amino acid-based chiral ionic liquids (tetrabutylammonium-L-lysine or tetrabutylammonium-L-glutamic acid) in electrokinetic chromatography were developed in this work to perform the enantioselective determination of econazole and sulconazole in pharmaceutical formulations. The influence of different experimental variables such as buffer concentration, applied voltage, nature and concentration of the ionic liquid, temperature and injection time, on the enantiomeric separation was investigated. The combination of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and tetrabutylammonium-L-lysine under the optimized conditions enabled to achieve the enantiomeric determination of both drugs with high enantiomeric resolution (3.5 for econazole and 2.4 for sulconazole). The analytical characteristics of the developed methodologies were evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, LOD, LOQ and recovery showing good performance for the determination of both drugs which were successfully quantitated in pharmaceutical formulations. This work reports the first analytical methodology enabling the enantiomeric determination of sulconazole in pharmaceutical formulations.
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12
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Scriba GK. Chiral recognition in separation sciences. Part I: Polysaccharide and cyclodextrin selectors. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Varga E, Benkovics G, Darcsi A, Várnai B, Sohajda T, Malanga M, Béni S. Comparative analysis of the full set of methylated β‐cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2789-2798. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - András Darcsi
- Department of PharmacognosySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Bianka Várnai
- Department of PharmacognosySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | | | | | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of PharmacognosySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
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Hu S, Zhang M, Li F, Breadmore MC. β-Cyclodextrin-copper (II) complex as chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis for the enantioseparation of β-blockers. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:233-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abo El Abass Mohamed S, El-Awady MI. Spectrofluorimetric investigation with green analytical procedures for estimation of bambuterol and terbutaline: Application to pharmaceutical dosage forms and content uniformity testing. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 34:70-76. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samah Abo El Abass Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Delta University for Science and Technology; International Coastal Road Gamasa Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. El-Awady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Delta University for Science and Technology; International Coastal Road Gamasa Egypt
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Chen L, Dang X, Ai Y, Chen H. Preparation of an acryloyl β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid monolithic column and its application in pipette tip solid-phase extraction and HPLC analysis of methyl parathion and fenthion. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3508-3514. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials; Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan China
| | - Xueping Dang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials; Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan China
| | - Youhong Ai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials; Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan China
| | - Huaixia Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials; Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan China
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Chalavi S, Fakhari AR, Nojavan S, Mirzaei P. Evaluation of the synergistic effect with amino acids for enantioseparation of basic drugs using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2202-2209. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Chalavi
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran I. R. Iran
| | - Ali Reza Fakhari
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran I. R. Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran I. R. Iran
| | - Peyman Mirzaei
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran I. R. Iran
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Yao Y, Song P, Wen X, Deng M, Wang J, Guo X. Chiral separation of 12 pairs of enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis using heptakis-(2,3-diacetyl-6-sulfato)-β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector and the elucidation of the chiral recognition mechanism by computational methods. J Sep Sci 2018; 40:2999-3007. [PMID: 28544353 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation of 12 pairs of basic analyte enantiomers including oxybutynin, bambuterol, tradinterol, clenbuterol, clorprenaline, terbutaline, tulobuterol, citalopram, phencynonate, fexofenadine, salbutamol, and penehyclidine was conducted by capillary electrophoresis using a single-isomer anionic β-cyclodextrin derivative, heptakis-(2,3-diacetyl-6-sulfato)-β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector. Parameters influencing separation were studied, including background electrolyte pH, heptakis-(2,3-diacetyl-6-sulfato)-β-cyclodextrin concentration, buffer concentration, and separation voltage. A background electrolyte consisting of 50 mM Tris-H3 PO4 and 6 mM heptakis-(2,3-diacetyl-6-sulfato)-β-cyclodextrin at pH 2.5 was found to be highly efficient for the separation of most enantiomers, with other conditions of normal polarity mode at 10 kV, detection wavelength of 210 nm using hydrodynamic injection for 3 s. Under the optimal conditions, baseline resolution (>1.50) for 11 pairs of enantiomers and somewhat lower resolution for penehyclidine enantiomers (1.17) were generated. Moreover, the possible mechanism of separation of clenbuterol, oxybutynin, salbutamol, and penehyclidine was investigated using a computational modeling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Peilu Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Miaoduo Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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Yao Y, Zhou L, Li M, Guo X. The cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of chlorpheniramine enantiomers in rat plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 148:142-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Li L, Wu C, Ma Y, Zhou S, Li Z, Sun T. Effectively enhancing the enantioseparation ability of β-cyclodextrin derivatives by de novo design and molecular modeling. Analyst 2017; 142:3699-3706. [PMID: 28849820 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rational engineering of native β-CD as an ideal chiral selector for a definite analyte in capillary electrophoresis represents a challenge in separation science. Herein, a rational and systematic strategy that combines the de novo design and molecular modeling is firstly described to expedite the manipulation and selection of effective selector for enantioseparation in capillary electrophoresis. Using β-adrenoreceptor agonists as model analytes, we demonstrate how this strategy efficiently improves the enantiorecognition in chiral discrimination sites of inclusion complexes. The evolved β-CD derivative could be utilized as a chiral receptor to achieve the effective enantioseparation (Rs > 1.5) of racemic β-adrenoreceptor agonists. We highlight a novel strategy for efficiently and rapidly manipulating native CD based on the characteristics of analyte so as to gain an excellent chiral selector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Chengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Yang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Shuhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Tiemin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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21
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Hemasa AL, Naumovski N, Maher WA, Ghanem A. Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Chiral and Achiral Separations of Pharmaceuticals, Biologics and Chemicals. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7070186. [PMID: 28718832 PMCID: PMC5535252 DOI: 10.3390/nano7070186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique mechanical, physical, electrical and absorbability properties coupled with their nanometer dimensional scale that renders them extremely valuable for applications in many fields including nanotechnology and chromatographic separation. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview about the applications of CNTs in chiral and achiral separations of pharmaceuticals, biologics and chemicals. Chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been directly applied for the enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals and biologicals by using them as stationary or pseudostationary phases in chromatographic separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and gas chromatography (GC). Achiral MWCNTs have been used for achiral separations as efficient sorbent objects in solid-phase extraction techniques of biochemicals and drugs. Achiral SWCNTs have been applied in achiral separation of biological samples. Achiral SWCNTs and MWCNTs have been also successfully used to separate achiral mixtures of pharmaceuticals and chemicals. Collectively, functionalized CNTs have been indirectly applied in separation science by enhancing the enantioseparation of different chiral selectors whereas non-functionalized CNTs have shown efficient capabilities for chiral separations by using techniques such as encapsulation or immobilization in polymer monolithic columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman L Hemasa
- Chirality Program, Biomedical Science, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB), University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
| | - William A Maher
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Biomedical Science, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
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22
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Wang Z, Zhang Q, Luo L, Sun T, Guo X. Comparison of three S-β-CDs with different degrees of substitution for the chiral separation of 12 drugs in capillary electrophoresis. Chirality 2017; 29:558-565. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Qiongwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Linda Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Tiemin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
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23
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Fang L, Du Y, Hu X, Luo L, Guo X, Guo X, Yu J. Carboxymethyl β
-cyclodextrin as chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis: Enantioseparation of 16 basic chiral drugs and its chiral recognition mechanism associated with drugs' structural features. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yueying Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Linda Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
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24
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Cecilio Fonseca M, Santos da Silva RC, Nascimento CS, Bastos Borges K. Computational contribution to the electrophoretic enantiomer separation mechanism and migration order using modified β-cyclodextrins. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1860-1868. [PMID: 28387965 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an extremely effective technique in many kinds of separations, including separation of enantiomers. Some additional techniques may be necessary to determine the enantiomer migration order (EMO) and also the mechanism involved in chiral recognition. This paper reports the development and optimization of a CE method for enantioseparation of racemic mixture of both R- and S-stereoisomers of tramadol (TRM) with a computational contribution for the EMO determination and the responsible mechanisms for chiral distinction. Parameters such as composition and concentration of background electrolyte (BGE) and type and concentration of cyclodextrins (CD) were evaluated. For calculations, a sequential methodology was used, resorting to semiempirical Parametric Model 3 (PM3) followed by calculations accomplished using density functional theory. The best results were obtained with sulfated-β-CD (s-β-CD) and carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (cm-β-CD) as chiral selector. Calculations show that the inclusion of TRM is not a probable process due to the shape of the TRM molecule and the size CDs cavities. Therefore, the chiral recognition process occurs by the formation of association complexes between modified β-CD and groups of TRM molecules. The structural analysis of the fragments of complexes at a pH of 10 and a thermodynamic analysis of the complexes' formation process allows determining the EMO. Comparing results obtained experimentally and computationally, it seems that the developed method is adequate for separation of TRM enantiomers and the computational methodology is also adequate to get a sense of the system at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cecilio Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricky Cássio Santos da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clebio Soares Nascimento
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Keyller Bastos Borges
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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25
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Stavrou IJ, Agathokleous EA, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Chiral selectors in CE: Recent development and applications (mid-2014 to mid-2016). Electrophoresis 2017; 38:786-819. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Advances in the Use of Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography: Fundamentals and Applications. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Scriba GKE. Chiral recognition in separation science - an update. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:56-78. [PMID: 27318504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stereospecific recognition of chiral molecules is an important issue in various aspects of life sciences and chemistry including analytical separation sciences. The basis of analytical enantioseparations is the formation of transient diastereomeric complexes driven by hydrogen bonds or ionic, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, van der Waals as well as π-π interactions. Recently, halogen bonding was also described to contribute to selector-selectand complexation. Besides structure-separation relationships, spectroscopic techniques, especially NMR spectroscopy, as well as X-ray crystallography have contributed to the understanding of the structure of the diastereomeric complexes. Molecular modeling has provided the tool for the visualization of the structures. The present review highlights recent contributions to the understanding of the binding mechanism between chiral selectors and selectands in analytical enantioseparations dating between 2012 and early 2016 including polysaccharide derivatives, cyclodextrins, cyclofructans, macrocyclic glycopeptides, proteins, brush-type selectors, ion-exchangers, polymers, crown ethers, ligand-exchangers, molecular micelles, ionic liquids, metal-organic frameworks and nucleotide-derived selectors. A systematic compilation of all published literature on the various chiral selectors has not been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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