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Li Y, Zhao Y, Niu X, Zhu Q, Wang X, Li S, Sun J, Hua S, Yang L, Yao W. Distinguishment of different varieties of rhubarb based on UPLC fingerprints and chemometrics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 241:116003. [PMID: 38301576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Rhubarb, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is primarily used for purging in practice. It is derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of R. tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. (RT), Rheum officinale Baill. (RO) and R. palmatum L. (RP). To date, although the three varieties of rhubarb have been used as the same medicine in clinical, studies have found that they have different chemical compositions and pharmacological effects. To ensure the stability of rhubarb for clinical use, a simple and effective method should be built to compare and discriminate three varieties of rhubarb. Here, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (UPLC-DAD) fingerprints combined with chemometric methods were developed to evaluate and discriminate 29 batches of rhubarb. Similarity evaluation, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the chemical constituents of the three varieties of rhubarb were significantly different, and the three varieties could be effectively distinguished. Finally, all the 14 common peaks were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). In this research, the developed UPLC fingerprints offer a simple, reliable and specific approach for distinguishing different varieties of rhubarb. This research aims to promote the scientific and appropriate clinical application of rhubarb from three varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuan Niu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214400, China
| | - Xiehe Wang
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214400, China
| | - Song Li
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214400, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Jiangsu Food and Drug Administration Certification Review Center, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Su Hua
- Jiangsu Food and Drug Administration Certification Review Center, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Jiangsu Food and Drug Administration Certification Review Center, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Liu C, Liu Q, Nian M, Wu H, Cao S, Wu H, Dong T, Wu P, Zhou A. Identification and quantitative analysis of the chemical constituents of Gandouling tablets using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300060. [PMID: 37344982 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Gandouling tablets are used in a clinical agent for the treatment of hepatocellular degeneration; however, their chemical constituents have not been elucidated. Here, we screened and identified the chemical constituents of Gandouling tablets using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry. A method for the quality evaluation of Gandouling tablets was developed by combining the UHPLC fingerprints and the simultaneous quantitative analysis of multiple active ingredients. For fingerprint analysis, 20 shared peaks were identified to assess the similarities among the 10 batches of Gandouling tablets and the similarity was >0.9. The levels of nine representative active ingredients were simultaneously determined to ensure consistency in quality. A total of 99 chemical components were identified, including 18 alkaloids, 20 anthraquinones, 13 flavonoids, 11 phenolic acids, 9 polyphenols, 7 phenanthrenes, 5 sesquiterpenes, 3 curcuminoids, 2 lignans, 2 isoflavones, 2 dianthranones, and 7 other components. The retention times, molecular formulae, and secondary fragmentation information of these compounds were analyzed, and the cleavage pathways and characteristic fragments of some of the representative compounds were elucidated. This systematic analysis used to identify the chemical components of Gandouling tablets lays the foundation for its further quality control and research on their pharmacodynamic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Liu
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Liu
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Mengnan Nian
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Shijian Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ting Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - An Zhou
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, P. R. China
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang C, Dang W, Xue L, Liu H, Cheng H, Yan X. Facile and selective separation of anthraquinones by alizarin-modified iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1702:464088. [PMID: 37230053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinones are widely distributed in higher plants and possess broad biological activities. The conventional separation procedures for isolating anthraquinones from the plant crude extracts require multiple extraction, concentration, and column chromatography steps. In this study, we synthesized three alizarin (AZ)-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@AZ, Fe3O4@SiO2-AZ, and Fe3O4@SiO2-PEI-AZ) by thermal solubilization method. Fe3O4@SiO2-PEI-AZ showed strong magnetic responsiveness, high methanol/water dispersion, good recyclability, and high loading capacity for anthraquinones. To evaluate the feasibility of using Fe3O4@SiO2-PEI-AZ for separating various aromatic compounds, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to predict the adsorption/desorption effects of PEI-AZ for various aromatic compounds in different methanol concentrations. The results showed that the anthraquinones could be efficiently separated from the monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic compounds by adjusting the methanol/water ratio. The Fe3O4@SiO2-PEI-AZ nanoparticles were then used to separate the anthraquinones from the rhubarb extract. At 5% methanol, all the anthraquinones were adsorbed by the nanoparticles, thus allowing their separation from other components in the crude extract. Compared with the conventional separation methods, this adsorption method has the advantages of high adsorption specificity, simple operation, and solvent saving. This method sheds light on the future application of functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles to selectively separate desired components from complex plant and microbial crude extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Weifan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huiying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Mei Y, Zhang X, Hu Y, Tong X, Liu W, Chen X, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Screening and characterization of xenobiotics in rat bio-samples after oral administration of Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablet using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with a targeted and non-targeted strategy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115286. [PMID: 36804290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablet (SWYST), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCMP), has been effectively used for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in clinically. However, an in-depth study of in vivo metabolism of SWYST is lacking. In this study, a targeted and non-targeted strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was developed to screen and characterize SWYST-related xenobiotics in rats. Based on the in-house library, a chemical database of SWYST including 215 constituents was constructed through "find by formula" and further verified by characteristic fragmentations or the literatures. Then the constructed chemical database was applied for the targeted screening of prototypes. As for metabolites, the non-targeted screening was achieved combined the peak picking using the function "find by auto-MS/MS" and peak filtration of the prototypes and endogenous components, while the targeted screening was performed using Metabolite ID according to the possible metabolic reactions. Furthermore, the potential metabolites were preliminarily identified by comparison of the parent compounds or references to the literatures. As a result, 201 exogenous components (87 prototypes and 121 metabolites) were characterized in rats after administration of SWYST, including 55 (17 prototypes and 38 metabolites) in plasma, 151 (52 prototypes and 99 metabolites) in urine, and 121 (74 prototypes and 47 metabolites) in feces. Finally, their possible metabolic pathways were summarized, and the metabolic reactions mainly involved phase I reactions (hydroxylation, deoxygenation, hydrogenation, methylation, oxidation, hydrolysis and esterification) and phase II reactions (glucuronidation and sulfation). The findings of this research reveal the potential active ingredients of SWYST, providing an important material basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SWYST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueni Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China.
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Liu W, He H, Li Z, Zhou Q, Zhou B, Li ZF, Zhu T, Feng Y. Analysis of chemical constituents of Sabia parviflora by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1687:463650. [PMID: 36462476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Effective and targeted identification of chemical components of the Chinese herbal medicine Sabia parviflora remains a major challenge. Herein, we used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition of S.parviflora. Its chemical components were rapidly identified using the characteristic ion filtration method, which involves these steps: (1) summarize the characteristic ions based on similar skeletons and compounds with substitution patterns, and establish a database; (2) screen and classify different types of compounds in S. parviflora based on the characteristic ions; and (3) identify the compounds based on molecular weight, secondary fragments, and the database. In the present study, the characteristic ions in S. parviflora were grouped into five major classes. A total of 104 components were identified, including 12 potentially novel compounds. This rapid and accurate method provides an important basis for basic chemical research in S. parviflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Centre for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 330013, China
| | - Huan He
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Centre for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Centre for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Centre for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 330013, China.
| | - Zhi Feng Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Centre for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Tongfei Zhu
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceautical College, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Centre for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
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Comparison of Three Species of Rhubarb in Inhibiting Vascular Endothelial Injury via Regulation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8979329. [PMID: 35387258 PMCID: PMC8979719 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8979329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim Rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine derived from three species, is commonly used in the prescriptions for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis based on its traditional effects of removing blood stasis and dredging the meridians. It has been reported that rhubarb can protect blood vessels by reducing inflammation and inhibiting vascular endothelial injury (VEI), but the effective components and mechanism of rhubarb inhibiting VEI are still unclear. This study aimed to compare the differences in chemical compositions of the three species of rhubarb and their inhibitory effect on VEI, so as to explain the material basis and select the dominant species to inhibit VEI, and to elucidate the mechanism of rhubarb's inhibitory effect on VEI. Methods Plant metabolomics was used to compare the chemical components of three species of rhubarb. The efficacy of three species of rhubarb in inhibiting VEI was compared through cell experiments in vitro. At the same time, combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking, the effective components and pathways of rhubarb involved in inhibiting VEI were screened. The mechanism of rhubarb inhibiting VEI was verified by molecular biology. Results There were significant differences in the distribution of chemical components among the three species of rhubarb. We identified 36 different chemical components in the positive ion mode and 38 different chemical components in the negative ion mode. Subsequently, the results showed significant differences in inhibiting VEI among the three species of rhubarb based on the contents of inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), ROS, and NO and confirmed that R. tanguticum had the best inhibitory effect on VEI in the light of the comprehensive efficacy, compared with R. palmatum and R. officinale. Three species of rhubarb alleviated the inflammatory response in LPS-induced EA.hy926 cells by reducing the contents of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and decreasing expressions of PI3K, AKT, NF-κB p65, and STAT3 protein in the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and the inhibition of proteins phosphorylation. In addition, three species of rhubarb could lessen the contents of ROS and NO in EA.hy926 cells induced by LPS. All results indicated that the process of inflammation-induced cellular oxidative stress, which resulted in VEI, was obviously improved by three species of rhubarb. Conclusion R. tanguticum was more effective among three species of rhubarb, and it had been proved that gallic acid, gallic-acid-O-galloyl-glucoside, procyanidin B-2,3,3′-di-O-gallatein, and other potential components could reduce the contents of inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), ROS, and NO by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway and protected the vascular endothelium and the blood vessels by improving the inflammation and oxidative stress reaction.
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Fu Y, Xie Z, Zhao P, Lv S, Chen S. Rapid Screening for EGFR Inhibitor in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma by HTRF Assay Coupled with HPLC Peak Fractionation. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:375-382. [PMID: 33176377 DOI: 10.1055/a-1272-3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an HPLC peak fractionation approach combined with homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence analysis is proposed for screening epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. With this approach, the amount of sample used for a single HPLC run is sufficient for performing a multiple assay due to the miniaturization ability of the homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence technology. This allows for improving the stability and repeatability of the activity assay for each fraction. From a total of 26 fractions collected from the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma extract, 13 fractions exhibit inhibitory activity against the epidermal growth factor receptor. The structures of activity compounds were determined by HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS, revealing the presence of gallic acid, rhein, and emodin with IC50 values of 21.5, 5.29, and 10.2 µM, respectively. The ligand epidermal growth factor receptor interactions were explored by molecular docking simulations, and the inhibitory effects of the three compounds on A549 cell growth were tested in vitro by an MTT assay. This study demonstrates the suitability of the present screening method for drug discovery in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhishen Xie
- Center for Scientific Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suiqing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Xiang H, Zuo J, Guo F, Dong D. What we already know about rhubarb: a comprehensive review. Chin Med 2020; 15:88. [PMID: 32863857 PMCID: PMC7448319 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb (also named Rhei or Dahuang), one of the most ancient and important herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), belongs to the Rheum L. genus from the Polygonaceae family, and its application can be traced back to 270 BC in "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing". Rhubarb has long been used as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anticancer medicine in China. However, for a variety of reasons, such as origin, variety and processing methods, there are differences in the effective components of rhubarb, which eventually lead to decreased quality and poor efficacy. Additionally, although some papers have reviewed the relationship between the active ingredients of rhubarb and pharmacologic actions, most studies have concentrated on one or several aspects, although there has been great progress in rhubarb research in recent years. Therefore, this review aims to summarize recent studies on the geographic distribution, taxonomic identification, pharmacology, clinical applications and safety issues related to rhubarb and provide insights into the further development and application of rhubarb in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaxin Zuo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Qin L, Wang Y, Gong Y, Chen J, Xu B, Tang L, Guo L, Xie J. Capsaicin metabolites and GSH-associated detoxification and biotransformation pathways in human liver microsomes revealed by LC-HRMS/MS with data-mining tools. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1133:121843. [PMID: 31704446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) is a principal pungent ingredient in hot peppers, it is also employed as a common food additive, an efficient pharmaceutical component, or even a riot control agent. CAP exerts various pharmacological activities as well as associated adverse physiological responses and causes moderate toxicity if overused. A full screening and identification of CAP metabolites in combination with its main detoxification pathways are crucial for the clear demonstration on its pharmacological and toxicological significance. Here, we employed a post-acquisition data-mining metabolic screening approach to rapidly find and identify a broad range of CAP metabolites generated from in vitro human liver microsomes, based on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap high resolution tandem mass spectrometric method. First, we collected full scan MS and MS/MS data sets by a data-dependent acquisition method in positive ion mode, and then we employed a modified mass defect filter and a diagnostic ion filter to screen and identify all the probable CAP metabolites, combining with information including retention time, accurate mass, characteristic fragments, and relevant drug biotransformation patterns. In comparison with the stable isotope-labeled CAP involved biotransformation products, we confirmed 19 functionalized metabolites and 13 glutathione (GSH) conjugates of CAP, in which 13 metabolites are reported for the first time. We then briefly depicted an overview metabolic pathway of CAP from the GSH detoxification viewpoint, revealed that various metabolites of CAP can be generated from single or multiple biotransformation and metabolic reactions. Both CAP and its reactive metabolites produced relevant GSH conjugates, which indicates a wide and important detoxification value of GSH conjugation way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Qin
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China; College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
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Xu Y, Zhang L, Wang Q, Luo G, Gao X. An integrated strategy based on characteristic fragment filter supplemented by multivariate statistical analysis in multi-stage mass spectrometry chromatograms for the large-scale detection and identification of natural plant-derived components in rat: The rhubarb case. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:89-103. [PMID: 31158610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An integrated strategy based on characteristic fragment filter (CFF) supplemented by multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) for MSn chromatograms [(CFF)s MSA] was proposed for the large-scale detection of natural plant-derived ingredients in vivo. To prove the practicability of this [(CFF)s MSA] strategy, rhubarb was taken as an example. First, representative authentic standards of homologous components contained in rhubarb were chosen, from which the fragmentation rules and chemical characteristic fragments (CCFs) were proposed. Second, the metabolic pathways of the representative compounds were deciphered, and the metabolic characteristic fragments (MCFs) of each family of compounds were acquired. Third, combined with CCFs and MCFs, a CFF method was established. Finally, MSA was used to supplement the xenobiotics missed by the CFF method. In our research, 274 compounds were detected in rhubarb, and 298 ingredients were identified in vivo after oral administration. The results demonstrated that this integrated strategy could comprehensively screen for plant-derived compounds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Wang XJ, Ren JL, Zhang AH, Sun H, Yan GL, Han Y, Liu L. Novel applications of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in herbal medicines and its active ingredients: Current evidence. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:380-402. [PMID: 30817039 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence shows that herbal medicines could be beneficial for the treatment of various diseases. However, the complexities present in chemical compositions of herbal medicines are currently an obstacle for the progression of herbal medicines, which involve unclear bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, undetermined targets for therapy, non-specific features for drug metabolism, etc. To overcome those issues, metabolomics can be a great to improve and understand herbal medicines from the small-molecule metabolism level. Metabolomics could solve scientific difficulties with herbal medicines from a metabolic perspective, and promote drug discovery and development. In recent years, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was widely applied for the analysis of herbal constituents in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we highlight the value of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and metabolism to address the complexity of herbal medicines in systems pharmacology, and to enhance their biomedical value in biomedicine, to shed light on the aid that mass spectrometry-based metabolomics can offer to the investigation of its active ingredients, especially, to link phytochemical analysis with the assessment of pharmacological effect and therapeutic potential. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - Jun-Ling Ren
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guang-Li Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
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Liu T, Zhou J, Cui H, Li P, Luo J, Li T, He F, Wang Y, Tang T. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals the neuroprotection of rhubarb in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 232:244-254. [PMID: 30502478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), that possesses neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidative, purgative and anticancer properties, and has been used to treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and many other diseases. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the changes of brain protein in ICH rats treated with rhubarb and to explore the multi-target mechanism of rhubarb in the treatment of ICH via bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were subjected to collagenase-induced ICH and then treated orally with 3 or 12 g/kg rhubarb daily for 2 days following ICH. After sacrifice, total protein of brain tissue was extracted, and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was employed to quantitatively identify of the DEPs in two treatment groups compared with the vehicle group. The DEPs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and STRING databases. Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of TCM (BATMAN-TCM) was used to predict the target of rhubarb and western blotting was used for verification. RESULTS In total, 1356 proteins were identified with a 1% false discovery rate (FDR). Among them, 55 DEPs were significantly altered in the sham, vehicle, low dose rhubarb group (LDR, 3 g/kg), and high dose rhubarb group (HDR, 12 g/kg). Enrichment analysis of GO annotations indicated that rhubarb mainly regulated expression of some neuron projection proteins involved in the response to drug and nervous system development. The dopaminergic synapse pathway was found to be the most significant DEP in the combined analysis of the KEGG and BATMAN-TCM databases. Based on the results of the STRING analysis, oxidative stress (OS), calcium binding protein regulation, vascularization, and energy metabolism were important in the rhubarb therapeutic process. CONCLUSION Rhubarb achieves its effects mainly through the dopaminergic synapse pathway in ICH treatment. The ICH-treating mechanisms of rhubarb may also involve anti-OS, calcium binding protein regulation, angiogenic regulation, and energy metabolism improvement. This study adds new evidence to clinical applications of rhubarb for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Gerontology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, 830000 Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hanjin Cui
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jiekun Luo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Research Center of geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Research Center of geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China.
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Chen A, Sun L, Yuan H, Wu A, Lu J, Ma S. Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of 11 active compounds in rhubarb using two reference substances by UHPLC. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3686-3696. [PMID: 30059192 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi-component analysis is one of the key techniques for the overall quality control of traditional Chinese medicines. However, the shortage and high cost of reference substances are the greatest obstacles. The substitute method is an alternative solution. In the present study, 11 compounds of rhubarb were simultaneously determined by a method named "two reference substances for determination of multiple components", which includes a qualitative method with linear calibration using two reference substances and a quantitative method with a relative correction factor combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography. Using aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and chrysophanol as reference compounds, chromatographic peak identification was performed. The results demonstrated that linear calibration using two reference substances method showed higher accuracy, less deviation, and better column adaptability compared to the relative retention time method. Using chrysophanol as a reference compound, the relative correction factors were determined and showed good reproducibility and stability in different laboratories with different instruments, columns, and wavelength fluctuations. The results had no significant difference compared with the external standard method. The strategy of two reference substances for determination of multiple components coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography is economical, efficient, accurate, reliable, and environmentally friendly and is suitable for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhen Chen
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Sun
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiying Wu
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingguang Lu
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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He M, Jia J, Li J, Wu B, Huang W, Liu M, Li Y, Yang S, Ouyang H, Feng Y. Application of characteristic ion filtering with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry for rapid detection and identification of chemical profiling in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1554:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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