Simultaneous screening and quantification of aminoglycoside antibiotics in honey using mixed-mode liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy with heated electrospray ionization

Evaluation of antibiotic residues in honey: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nowadays, incorrect apply of antibiotics to treat infections in honey has led to health risks for humans and antibiotic resistance. Current systematic review and meta-analysis conducted to study antibiotic residues in honey. Data were obtained through searching the databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and other internal databases. The pooled concentration of antibiotic residues was 5.032 (µg/kg) that ranged from 4.72 to 5.33 (µg/kg). The ranking of antibiotics concentration was found in order of fluoroquinolone (8.59 µg/kg) > tetracycline (5.68 µg/kg) > sulfonamides (5.54 µg/kg) > macrolides (4.19µg/kg), respectively. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method (37.9.7%), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method (34.4%), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (27.5.8%) were the most used methods in various studies. In order to avoid contamination, proper use of antibiotics, placement of hives at a suitable distance from agricultural environment, and regular control of antibiotic residues in honey seems to be necessary.

Affinity-Based Analysis Methods for the Detection of Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Residues in Animal-Derived Foods: A Review

With the increasingly serious problem of aminoglycoside antibiotic residues, it is imperative to develop rapid, sensitive and efficient detection methods. This article reviews the detection methods of aminoglycoside antibiotics in animal-derived foods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescent immunoassay, chemical immunoassay, affinity sensing assay, lateral flow immunochromatography and molecular imprinted immunoassay. After evaluating the performance of these methods, the advantages and disadvantages were analyzed and compared. Furthermore, development prospects and research trends were proposed and summarized. This review can serve as a basis for further research and provide helpful references and new insights for the analysis of aminoglycoside residues. Accordingly, the in-depth investigation and analysis will certainly make great contributions to food safety, public hygiene and human health.

Aminoglycosides analysis optimization using ion pairing liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and application on wastewater samples

Aminoglycosides are mostly used as veterinary antibiotics. In France, their consumption accounts for about 10% of all prescribed animal medicine. Due to their high polarity nature (log Kow < -3), they require chromatographic separation by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography or ion-pairing chromatography. This study presents the development of an ion pairing liquid chromatography with alkanesulfonates coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of 10 aminoglycosides (spectinomycin, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin, apramycin, gentamicin, neomycin and sisomicin) in wastewater samples. The novelty of this method lies in the addition of the ion paring salt directly and only into the sample vial and not in the mobile phase, lowering the amount of salt added and consequently reducing signal inhibition. The optimized method was validated and showed satisfactory resolution, performances suitable with the analysis of aminoglycosides in wastewater samples, with limits of quantifications less than 10 ng/mL for most of the compounds, low matrix effects, high accuracy (85%-115% recoveries) and reproducibility (2%-12%RSD). It was then applied successfully to raw and treated wastewater samples.

The use of UHPLC, IMS, and HRMS in multiresidue analytical methods: A critical review

Residue chemists who analyse pesticides in vegetables or veterinary drugs in animal-based food are currently facing a situation where there is a requirement to detect more and more compounds at lower and lower concentrations. Conventional tandem quadrupole instruments provide sufficient sensitivity, but speed and selectivity appear as future limitations. This will become an even larger issue when there is a need to not only detect active compounds but also their degradation products and metabolites. This will likely lead to a situation in which the conventional targeted approach must be expanded or augmented by a certain non-targeted strategy. High-resolution mass spectrometry provides such capabilities, but it frequently requires an additional degree of selectivity for the unequivocal confirmation of analytes present at trace levels in highly complex and variable food matrices. The hyphenation of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with ion mobility and high-resolution mass spectrometry provides analytical chemists with a new tool for performing such a demanding multiresidue analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate the benefits of the added ion mobility dimension as well as to critically discuss the current limitations of this commercially available technology.

Development of carbohydrate functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for aminoglycosides magnetic solid phase extraction

Magnetic nanoparticles decorated with d-galactose and galactitol (Fe₃O₄@SiN-galactose and Fe₃O₄@SiN-galactitol) were synthesized and employed as sorbent in a magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) procedure prior the analysis of aminoglycosides (AGs) in honey samples by LC-MS/MS. AGs are broad spectrum antibiotics, characterized by aminosugars, widespread used in therapeutic and veterinary applications. AGs can be found in the environment and food of animal origin. Fe₃O₄@SiN-galactose and Fe₃O₄@SiN-galactitol were synthesized via copper catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition and the synthesis was efficiently followed by infrared spectroscopy. They were characterized by electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetization curves. The nature of the loading (acetonitrile:water, 50:50 v/v) and elution solution (formic acid 190 mM) were studied in order to optimize the MSPE. Quantitative difference between MSPE with Fe₃O₄@SiN-galactose and MSPE with Fe₃O₄@SiN-galactitol in terms of recovery was found. The final optimized method using Fe₃O₄@SiN-galactose and Fe₃O₄@SiN-galactitol was applied in the determination of AGs in honey. The MSPE performance of Fe₃O₄@SiN-galactitol was found to be superior to that of MSPE with Fe₃O₄@SiN-galactose. The limits of quantification were between 2 and 19 μg kg^-1 for amikacin, dihydrostreptomycin, tobramicyn and gentamycin. A good correlation between predicted and nominal values of AGs in honey was found (trueness from 84% to 109%). This MSPE procedure not only requires a minimum amount of sorbent (1 mg) and sample (0.2 g), but it can also be accomplish in a rather short time.

Profiling cocaine residues and pyrolytic products in wastewater by mixed-mode liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

This work provides a new analytical method for the determination of cocaine, its metabolites benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene, the pyrolytic products anhydroecgonine and anhydroecgonine methyl ester, and the pharmaceutical levamisole in wastewater. Samples were solid-phase extracted and extracts analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using, for the first time in the illicit drug field, a stationary phase that combines reversed-phase and weak cation-exchange functionalities. The overall method performance was satisfactory, with limits of detection below 1 ng/L, relative standard deviations below 21%, and percentages of recovery between 93% and 121%. Analysis of 24-hour composite raw wastewater samples collected in Santiago de Compostela (Spain) and Brasilia (Brazil) highlighted benzoylecgonine as the compound showing the highest population-normalized mass loads (300-1000 mg/day/1000 inhabitants). In Brasilia, cocaine and levamisole loads underwent an upsurge on Sunday, indicating a high consumption, and likely a direct disposal, of cocaine powder on this day. Conversely, the pyrolytic product resulting from the smoke of crack, anhydroecgonine methyl ester, and its metabolite anhydroecgonine were relatively stable over the four days, agreeing with a non-recreational-associated use of crack.