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Li J, Yin W, Liang Y, Yang Z, Li L, Mai Z, Yu X, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Abula S, Wu Y, Wusiman A, Guo Q. Pomegranate flower polysaccharide improves mastitis in mice by regulating intestinal flora and restoring the blood-milk barrier. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1427355. [PMID: 39211783 PMCID: PMC11357933 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1427355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the inhibitory effect of pomegranate flower polysaccharide (PFPS) on mastitis through in vitro and in vivo models. PFPS is a new type of polysaccharide isolated and extracted from pomegranate flowers. The result revealed that PFPS consists of GalA, Ara, and Gal, and the residues consist of 1,4-GalpA, 1,4-Galp, and 1,3,6-Galp, which contain HG-type and RG-I-type pectin structural domains. In vitro studies showed that PFPS could inhibit LPS-enhanced phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 cells and the release of IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α. In vivo, studies showed that PFPS improved xylene-induced mouse ear swelling and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema by inhibiting inflammatory factors. In the mouse mastitis model, PFPS significantly improved LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in mammary tissue. Intestinal flora sequencing results showed that PFPS could effectively regulate the intestinal flora of mice, reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria Oscillospira and AF12, and increase the probiotics Blautia, Parabacteroides, Allobaculum, and Clostridiaceae_Clostridium. Therefore, PFPS ultimately played a role in preventing mastitis by regulating the intestinal flora and further improving the blood-milk barrier. This study provides a scientific basis for PFPS as a potential candidate drug for the treatment of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhaoran Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanhai Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xingjian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yabin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhenping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Saifuding Abula
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Adelijiang Wusiman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qingyong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Osztie R, Czeglédi T, Ross S, Stipsicz B, Kalydi E, Béni S, Boldizsár I, Riethmüller E, Bősze SE, Alberti Á. Comprehensive Characterization of Phytochemical Composition, Membrane Permeability, and Antiproliferative Activity of Juglans nigra Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6930. [PMID: 39000038 PMCID: PMC11241769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was the detailed polyphenol profiling of Juglans nigra and the characterization of the membrane permeability and antiproliferative properties of its main phenolics. A total of 161 compounds were tentatively identified in J. nigra bark, leaf, and pericarp extracts by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS/MS). Eight compounds including myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (86), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (106), quercetin-3-O-xyloside (74), juglone (141), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-4-oxonaphthalen-1-yl-6-O-galloyl-glucoside (92), ellagic acid (143), gallic acid (14), and ethyl gallate (58) were isolated from J. nigra pericarp. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the isolated compounds was investigated against three human cancer cell lines, confirming that juglone (141) inhibits cell proliferation in all of them, and has similar activity as the clinical standards. The permeability of the isolated compounds across biological membranes was evaluated by the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Both juglone (141) and ethyl-gallate (58) showed positive results in the blood-brain-barrier-specific PAMPA-BBB study. Juglone (141) also possesses logPe values which indicates that it may be able to cross both the GI and BBB membranes via passive diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Osztie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.O.); (T.C.); (I.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Tamás Czeglédi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.O.); (T.C.); (I.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Sarah Ross
- Department Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Str. 14, 04317 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Bence Stipsicz
- Institute of Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Research Network, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Eszter Kalydi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre u. 7., 1092 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Imre Boldizsár
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.O.); (T.C.); (I.B.); (E.R.)
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Riethmüller
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.O.); (T.C.); (I.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Szilvia E. Bősze
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Research Network, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.O.); (T.C.); (I.B.); (E.R.)
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Xing M, Xie F, Zeng J, Zhu Z, Wang G, Xia Y, Zhang H, Song Z, Ai L. Inhibitory activities and mechanisms of free and bound phenolics on α-glucosidase in fresh fruits of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. using spectroscopy and molecular docking. Food Funct 2024; 15:6028-6041. [PMID: 38752307 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (PE) fresh fruits contain high concentrations of polyphenolics, of which free and bound phenolics are rich in biological activities. In this study, the inhibitory activity and mechanism of PEFP and PEBP on α-glucosidase (α-GLU) were investigated using spectroscopic techniques, kinetic analysis, and molecular docking. The results showed that 13 PEFP and 12 PEBP were identified by UPLC-MS/MS analysis, and Bis-HHDP-hexose and castalagin (vesgalagin) were found for the first time in PE fresh fruits. Kinetic analysis of enzyme inhibition showed that a mixture of free and bound phenolics inhibited α-GLU, and the effect of the conformational relationship of PEFP and PEBP with α-GLU on hypoglycemia was further explored by fluorescence quenching, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and molecular docking analysis. The findings demonstrated the inhibitory activity and mechanism of free and bound phenolics on α-GLU and provided a theoretical basis for PE polyphenolics as α-GLU inhibitors for hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Xing
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Fan Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Jingyi Zeng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Zengjin Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Zibo Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Special Forest Fruits, Yunnan Maoduoli Group Food Co., Ltd, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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Martins MS, Rodrigues M, Flores-Félix JD, Garcia-Viguera C, Moreno DA, Alves G, Silva LR, Gonçalves AC. The Effect of Phenolic-Rich Extracts of Rubus fruticosus, R. ulmifolius and Morus nigra on Oxidative Stress and Caco-2 Inhibition Growth. Nutrients 2024; 16:1361. [PMID: 38732606 PMCID: PMC11085810 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, a clear interest has been given to berries due to their richness in active metabolites, including anthocyanins and non-coloured phenolics. Therefore, the main aim of the present work is to investigate the phenolic profile, antioxidant abilities, and antiproliferative effects on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) cells of phenolic-rich extracts from three red fruits highly appreciated by consumers: two species of blackberries (Rubus fruticosus and Rubus ulmifolius) and one species of mulberry (Morus nigra). A total of 19 different phenolics were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and HPLC-DAD, respectively. Focusing on the biological potential of the phenolic-rich extracts, all of them revealed notable scavenging abilities. Concerning the antiproliferative properties, R. fruticosus presented a cytotoxic selectivity for Caco-2 cells compared to NHDF cells. To deeper explore the biological potential, combinations with positive controls (ascorbic acid and 5-fluorouracil) were also conducted. Finally, the obtained data are another piece of evidence that the combination of phenolic-rich extracts from natural plants with positive controls may reduce clinical therapy costs and the possible toxicity of chemical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Martins
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Márcio Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (UDI-IPG), 6300-654 Guarda, Portugal
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcia-Viguera
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Department Food Science and Technology, CSIC, CEBAS, Campus Universitario 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Department Food Science and Technology, CSIC, CEBAS, Campus Universitario 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- SPRINT—Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Salem AM, Farag SM, Gad HA, Al-Sayed E, El-Ahmady SH. Anti-Culex pipiens activity of different pomegranate cultivars and determination of their bioactive compounds using LC-MS profiling. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:507-520. [PMID: 38035714 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels are rich in various bioactive compounds. Characterization of these compounds is crucial for the utilization of peel waste in industrial processing. OBJECTIVE The study aimed (1) to establish and compare the metabolic profiles of the peel of seven pomegranate cultivars and (2) to identify bioactive compounds contributing to the larvicidal activity against the third instar larvae of Culex pipiens. MATERIALS AND METHODS UPLC-ESI-MS/MS was utilized to analyze peel methanol extracts of different pomegranate cultivars. The larvicidal activity was determined by calculating the larval mortality among the third instar larvae of C. pipiens. Multivariate data analysis was conducted to identify the metabolites that exhibited a larvicidal effect. RESULTS A total of 24 metabolites, including hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, were tentatively identified in both negative and positive ionization modes. The extract of cultivar 'Black' exhibited the most potent larvicidal effect with LC50 values of 185.15, 156.84, and 138.12 ppm/mL after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment, respectively. By applying chemometric techniques, the larvicidal activity could be directly correlated to the bioactive compounds punicalagin, quercetin-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-O-pentoside, and galloyl-HHDP-glucose. CONCLUSION The present study implemented UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and chemometric techniques as potential tools for metabolomics analysis and differentiation between peels of different pomegranate cultivars. In addition, cultivar 'Black' extract could be a promising natural insecticide against mosquitoes since it is rich in bioactive compounds with larvicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Salem
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Farag
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy A Gad
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherweit H El-Ahmady
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang H, Wang M, Yu G, Pu J, Tian K, Tang X, Du Y, Wu H, Hu J, Luo X, Lin L, Deng Q. Comparative analysis of the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of different parts of two pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Cultivars: 'Tunisia' and 'Qingpi'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1265018. [PMID: 37841630 PMCID: PMC10570729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1265018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), with its abundant phenolic substances and strong antioxidant activity, holds significant research and utilization potential across various organs. However, there have been few studies on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of pomegranate, especially the placenta. This study investigated the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruits, flowers, and leaves of two pomegranate varieties, 'Tunisia' and 'Qingpi', throughout their growth and development. Results indicated significant variations in phenolic content among different organs, with petals exhibiting the highest total polyphenol content (TPC, 49.40 mg GAE/g FW) and total anthocyanin content (TMAC, 1938.54 nmol/g FW). Placenta contained the highest levels of total flavonoids (TFC, 173.58 mg RE/g FW) and punicalagin (109.30 mg/g FW). The peel had the highest content of total flavanols (TFAC, 19.42 mg CE/g FW). Over the course of pomegranate development, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total flavanols, punicalagin, and antioxidant activity declined in different organs. Antioxidant activity followed the order: fruit > flower > leaf, with the placenta exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity among fruits. Antioxidant activity showed a significant positive correlation with total polyphenols (R2 = 0.77-1.00), total flavonoids (R2 = 0.71-0.99, except tegmens), and punicalagin (R2 = 0.71-1.00). This study provides a comparative analysis of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in different organs of pomegranate, highlighting the placenta as the primary source of punicalagin. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of pomegranate phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Pu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Tian
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofu Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Du
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Rural Professional Technology Association of Huili, Huili, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Science and Technology Association of Huili, Huili, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
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Zhang L, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Ge J, He D. Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant, and Hypoglycemic Activities of Ribes meyeri Fruits. Foods 2023; 12:2406. [PMID: 37372617 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribes meyeri is a Ribes genus in the Saxifragaceae family, which is used as both medicine and food. However, the active components and biological activities of R. meyeri fruits are still unknown. In this paper, the phenolic components and their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of R. meyeri fruits were studied. Firstly, a total of 42 phenolic components of R. meyeri fruits, including 26 anthocyanins, 9 flavonoids, and 7 phenolic acids, were tentatively identified using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and the main four anthocyanins were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS. The result indicated that cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside is the main anthocyanin in the R. meyeri fruits. The anthocyanin fraction of R. meyeri fruits exhibited significant inhibitory activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The anthocyanin fraction from R. meyeri fruits significantly increased the glucose uptake of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This is the first study of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenolics of R. meyeri fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yayun Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Juan Ge
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Dajun He
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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Wang YH, Mondal G, Khan W, Gurley BJ, Yates CR. Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for characterizing pomegranate extract pharmacokinetics in humans. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115477. [PMID: 37267874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate extracts standardized to punicalagins are a rich source of ellagitannins including ellagic acid (EA). Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived urolithin (Uro) metabolites of ellagitannins are pharmacologically active. Studies have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of EA, however, little is known about the disposition of urolithin metabolites (urolithin A (UA) and B (UB)). To address this gap, we developed and applied a novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay for the characterization of EA and Uro oral pharmacokinetics in humans. Subjects (10/cohort) received a single oral dose (250 or 1000 mg) of pomegranate extract (Pomella® extract) standardized to contain not less than 30 % punicalagins, < 5 % EA, and not less than 50 % polyphenols. Plasma samples, collected over 48 h, were treated with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase to permit comparison between unconjugated and conjugated forms of EA, UA and UB. EA and urolithins were separated by gradient elution (acetonitrile/water, 0.1 % formic acid) using a C18 column connected to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the negative mode. Conjugated EA exposure was ∼5-8-fold higher than unconjugated EA for both dose groups. Conjugated UA was readily detectable beginning ∼8 h post-dosing, however, unconjugated UA was detectable in only a few subjects. Neither form of UB was detected. Together these data indicate EA is rapidly absorbed and conjugated following oral administration of Pomella® extract. Moreover, UA's delayed appearance in the blood, primarily in the conjugated form, is consistent with gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of EA to UA, which is then rapidly converted to its conjugated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Wang
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Goutam Mondal
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Washim Khan
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Bill J Gurley
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Charles R Yates
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
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Li H, Roy T, Boateng ST, He H, Liu C, Liu W, Li D, Wu P, Seeram NP, Chamcheu JC, Ma H. Standardized Pomegranate (Pomella ®) and Red Maple (Maplifa ®) Extracts and Their Phenolics Protect Type I Collagen by the Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Collagenase, and Collagen Cross-Linking. Molecules 2022; 27:7919. [PMID: 36432019 PMCID: PMC9696304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolics enriched pomegranate fruit (Pomella®) and red maple leaf (Maplifa®) extracts and their major phenolic constituents have demonstrated beneficial skin effects through the protection of human skin keratinocytes from oxidative-stress-induced damage. However, their mechanisms of protection of cutaneous collagen are still unclear. Herein, the collagen protective effects of Pomella® and Maplifa®, and their major bioactive phytochemicals, namely, punicalagin (PA) and ginnalin A (GA), respectively, were evaluated using enzymatic assays including collagenase, anti-glycation and cell-based models as well as computational methods. The importance of the modulatory effects was validated at the protein level for type I collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) using human-skin-derived keratinocytes. The synergistic collagenase inhibitory effects upon combinations of Pomella® + Maplifa® and PA + GA at a combination ratio of 1:2 and 1:1, respectively, were evaluated using their combination index (CI; a well-established assessment of synergism). Pomella® (50-400 µg/mL), Maplifa® (100-800 µg/mL), PA (50-400 µM), and GA (50-400 µM) dose-dependently inhibited collagenase activity by 26.3-86.3%, 25.7-94.0%, 26.2-94.0%, and 12.0-98.0%, respectively. The CI of the anti-collagenase activity of Pomella® and Maplifa® ranged from 0.53-0.90, while that of PA and GA (12.5/12.5 and 25/25 µM) ranged from 0.66 and 0.69, respectively, suggesting a synergistic inhibitory effect. Interestingly, in the cell-based assays by Western blotting, Pomella® and Maplifa® reduced the protein expression levels of collagen degradation enzymes (MMPs), while simultaneously increasing that of type I collagen in epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. This is the first report to show that these extracts exert synergistic collagen protective effects. Taken together, these findings provide molecular insights into the usefulness of Pomella® and Maplifa® or their phenolics as bioactive ingredients for skin care products to slow down aging and enhance skin tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Tithi Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Samuel T. Boateng
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Hao He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Weixi Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Oral Pomegranate Extract on Skin Wrinkles, Biophysical Features, and the Gut-Skin Axis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226724. [PMID: 36431201 PMCID: PMC9699032 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) has been widely used in traditional medicine and has increasingly gained popularity among consumers in order to manage different facets of health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the fruit extract of P. granatum L. on different parameters of skin health. (2) Methods: A prospective, double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted on both healthy males and females aged 25−55 years. Subjects were supplemented with a standardized punicalagin enriched oral pomegranate extract [Pomella® (Verdure Science, Noblesville, IN, USA), PE group] or a placebo (control group) daily for four weeks. Changes in wrinkle severity, facial biophysical properties, skin microbiome, and the gut microbiome were assessed. (3) Results: The PE group had significant reductions in wrinkle severity (p < 0.01) and a decreasing trend in the forehead sebum excretion rate (p = 0.14). The participants in the PE group with a higher relative abundance of Eggerthellaceae in the gut had a decrease in their facial TEWL (p < 0.05) and wrinkle severity (p = 0.058). PE supplementation led to an increase in the Staphylococcus epidermidis species and the Bacillus genus on the skin. (4) Conclusions: Overall, the study demonstrated improvements in several biophysical properties, wrinkles, and shifts in the skin microbiome with oral PE supplementation in healthy subjects.
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Yisimayili Z, Chao Z. A review on phytochemicals, metabolic profiles and pharmacokinetics studies of the different parts (juice, seeds, peel, flowers, leaves and bark) of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Food Chem 2022; 395:133600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Samet S, Ayachi A, Fourati M, Mallouli L, Allouche N, Treilhou M, Téné N, Mezghani-Jarraya R. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Erodium arborescens Aerial Part Extracts and Characterization by LC-HESI-MS 2 of Its Acetone Extract. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144399. [PMID: 35889269 PMCID: PMC9318634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical analysis of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Erodium arborescens aerial part extracts constitute the focus of this research. The chemical composition of an acetone extract was investigated using LC-HESI-MS2, which revealed the presence of 70 compounds. The major identified components were tannin derivatives. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were assessed in plant extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol). The results showed that the acetone extract exhibited the highest contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, 895.54 and 36.39 mg QE/g DE, respectively. Furthermore, when compared to other extracts, Erodium arborescens acetone extract was endowed with the highest antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) tests. In addition, the four extracts of Erodium arborescens showed variable degrees of antimicrobial activity against the tested strains, and the interesting activity was obtained with acetone and methanol extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonda Samet
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.B. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (S.S.); (A.A.); (N.A.); (R.M.-J.)
| | - Amani Ayachi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.B. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (S.S.); (A.A.); (N.A.); (R.M.-J.)
| | - Mariam Fourati
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzyme Engineering of the Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.B. 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Lotfi Mallouli
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzyme Engineering of the Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.B. 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.B. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (S.S.); (A.A.); (N.A.); (R.M.-J.)
| | - Michel Treilhou
- Equipe BTSB-EA 7417, Institut National Universitaire Jean-François Champollion, Université de Toulouse, Place de Verdun, 81012 Albi, France;
| | - Nathan Téné
- Equipe BTSB-EA 7417, Institut National Universitaire Jean-François Champollion, Université de Toulouse, Place de Verdun, 81012 Albi, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-667276471
| | - Raoudha Mezghani-Jarraya
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.B. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (S.S.); (A.A.); (N.A.); (R.M.-J.)
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Mora J, Pott DM, Osorio S, Vallarino JG. Regulation of Plant Tannin Synthesis in Crop Species. Front Genet 2022; 13:870976. [PMID: 35586570 PMCID: PMC9108539 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.870976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant tannins belong to the antioxidant compound family, which includes chemicals responsible for protecting biological structures from the harmful effects of oxidative stress. A wide range of plants and crops are rich in antioxidant compounds, offering resistance to biotic, mainly against pathogens and herbivores, and abiotic stresses, such as light and wound stresses. These compounds are also related to human health benefits, offering protective effects against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases in addition to providing anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial characteristics. Most of these compounds are structurally and biosynthetically related, being synthesized through the shikimate-phenylpropanoid pathways, offering several classes of plant antioxidants: flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. Tannins are divided into two major classes: condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins. Hydrolysable tannin synthesis branches directly from the shikimate pathway, while condensed tannins are derived from the flavonoid pathway, one of the branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Both types of tannins have been proposed as important molecules for taste perception of many fruits and beverages, especially wine, besides their well-known roles in plant defense and human health. Regulation at the gene level, biosynthesis and degradation have been extensively studied in condensed tannins in crops like grapevine (Vitis vinifera), persimmon (Diospyros kaki) and several berry species due to their high tannin content and their importance in the food and beverage industry. On the other hand, much less information is available regarding hydrolysable tannins, although some key aspects of their biosynthesis and regulation have been recently discovered. Here, we review recent findings about tannin metabolism, information that could be of high importance for crop breeding programs to obtain varieties with enhanced nutritional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José G. Vallarino
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga- (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Málaga, Spain
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14
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Ferrara L, Joksimovic M, D'Angelo S. Effects of Punica granatum Fruit (a Super Food) Juice on Human Health. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220407101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), one of the oldest known edible fruits, is nowadays broadly consumed throughout the world. Its fruits and seed are rich in many bioactive compounds, as polyphenols, and the scientific interest in this plant has been constantly growing in recent years.
Introduction:
Pomegranate fruit and its juice have been shown to have health benefits relating to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They are used in alternative medicine as adaptogens and ergogens protecting against many neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, liver, and skin disorders.
Methods:
Given the amount of evidence, this narrative review does not seek to supply a comprehensive summary of all study findings, but rather focuses on human clinical trials related the last five years. In this regard, we have performed a check in MEDLINE, and clinical trials presented in this time are summarized.
Result:
The use of pomegranate as table fruit or juice, rich source of polyphenols, can so be recommended in human nutrition for its benefic properties. The consumption of pomegranate fruit symbolizes a promising therapeutic approach to avert many chronic syndromes.
Conclusion:
Importantly, the findings call for the need for a larger, rigorously designed human clinical trials to allow continued investigation into the potential specific effects of pomegranate fruit, and to obtain the best dose and duration of supplementation with pomegranate juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ferrara
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Stefania D'Angelo
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
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Lü H, Zuo Y, Meng X, Ding X, Jian T, Liu Y, Ren B, Chen J, Li W. Phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity and inhibition of digestive enzymes of water caltrop pericarps. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2342-2351. [PMID: 34625980 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water caltrop (Trapa natans L.) is widely cultivated as a popular vegetable or fruit in Asian countries. In China, water caltrop pericarp is also used as a functional food to treat metabolic syndrome. However, the profiling of bioactive substances and their pharmacological activities in different water caltrop varieties remains to be investigated. In the present study, three varieties of water caltrop pericarps collected from 13 origins in China were analyzed for their phenolic substances. To investigate the pharmacological activities, samples were tested for their free radical scavenging capacity and inhibitory potency against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. RESULTS In total, 46 phenolic compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of water caltrop pericarp using a liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry method, most of which were hydrolyzable tannins. Two cultivated varieties samples exhibited a relatively higher phenolic content and stronger antioxidant and inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase compared to those from the wild variety. Correlation analysis between phenolic contents and biological activities suggested that phenolic compounds exhibited potential free radical scavenging capacity, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the phenolic compounds of water caltrop pericarp are promising sources of natural antioxidants, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitors. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lü
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zuo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuhua Meng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tunyu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingru Ren
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Forestry College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Shahzad MN, Ahmad S, Tousif MI, Ahmad I, Rao H, Ahmad B, Basit A. Profiling of phytochemicals from aerial parts of Terminalia neotaliala using LC-ESI-MS2 and determination of antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266094. [PMID: 35358239 PMCID: PMC8970405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Owing to extraordinary healing power, Terminalia species have been used in traditional medicine systems to treat various diseases. Many folklore uses of Terminalia neotaliala (Madagascar's almond) included treating arterial hypertension, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, colic, oral and digestive candidiasis, intestinal parasitic infections, inflammatory skin conditions, postpartum care, and mycotic infections but nevertheless scientifically explored for its medicinal and pharmacological importance. Therefore, the current study intended to prepare methanolic extract and its fractionation with hexane, chloroform, and butanol followed by evaluation of their polyphenolic content, biological activities, and LCMS analysis. The biological study included antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition assay i.e., α-glucosidase and urease. The insight study of biologically active secondary metabolites of butanol fraction (BUAE) was performed through LCMS. METHODS The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of hydroalcoholic and its fractions were estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride method. The total tannin content (TTC) was determined using the Folin-Denis spectrophotometric method. Similarly, the antioxidant potential of HAAE, HEAE, CFAE, and BUAE was determined using four methods as DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The sample extracts were also evaluated against two clinically important enzymes i.e., α-glucosidase and urease. RESULTS The BUAE (butanol aerial fraction) showed the highest TPC (234.79 ± 0.12 mg.GAE.g-1 DE), TFC (320.75 ± 12.50 mg.QE.g-1 DE), and TTC (143.36 ± 4.32 mg.TA.Eq.g-1 DE). The BUAE also showed the highest scavenging potential determined by DPPH (642.65 ± 1.11 mg.TEq.g-1 DE) and ABTS (543.17 ± 1.11 mg.TEq.g-1 DE), and the metal-reducing capacity determined by CUPRAC (1510.41 ± 4.45 mg.TEq.g-1 DE) and FRAP (739.81 ± 19.32 mg.TEq.g-1 DE). The LCMS of BUAE identified 18 different biologically active phytoconstituents validating a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins including ellagitannins and gallitannins. CONCLUSION The present study concluded that T. neotaliala is a rich source of polyphenols capable of neutralizing the damage caused by free radical accumulation in the cells and tissues. The significant antioxidant results and identification of high molecular weight hydrolyzable tannins enlightened the medicinal importance of T. neotaliala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Shahzad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Huma Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Niesen S, Göttel C, Becker H, Bakuradze T, Winterhalter P, Richling E. Fractionation of Extracts from Black Chokeberry, Cranberry, and Pomegranate to Identify Compounds That Influence Lipid Metabolism. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040570. [PMID: 35206045 PMCID: PMC8871205 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols show a spectrum of bioactive effects, including an influence on lipid metabolism. In this study, we performed activity-guided fractionations of black chokeberry (aronia), cranberry, and pomegranate extracts to identify the biologically active compounds. The extracts were prepared from fruit juice concentrates with the adsorbent resin Amberlite XAD-7 and were separated into a copigment and an anthocyanin fraction, followed by fractionation into a polymer and monomeric fraction by means of hexane precipitation. For further fractionation of the cranberry and pomegranate copigment fractions, high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) was used. The compounds in each fraction were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS), and the quantification was performed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) analyses. Each of the (sub-)fractions was tested in three in vitro assays: phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE) activity, lipid accumulation, and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells. The results showed that various fractions and subfractions can inhibit lipid accumulation and PDE activity as well as increase lipolysis, particularly copigments. Overall, our results indicate an influence of polyphenol-rich (sub-)fractions on the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Niesen
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Celina Göttel
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Hanna Becker
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Elke Richling
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-631-205-4061
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Antioxidant Activity, α-Glucosidase Inhibition and UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Profile of Shmar ( Arbutus pavarii Pamp). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081659. [PMID: 34451703 PMCID: PMC8398081 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The genus Arbutus (Ericaceae) has been traditionally used in folk medicine due to its phytomedicinal properties, especially Arbutus pavarii Pamp. However, this plant has not been evaluated for its efficacy, quality, and consistency to support the traditional uses, potentially in treating diabetes. Despite previous studies that revealed the biological activities of A. pavarii as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory agents, scientific reports on the bioactive compounds that contribute to its health benefits are still scarce. Therefore, this research focused on the evaluation of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the methanol crude extracts and various fractions of the leaf and stem bark, as well as on metabolite profiling of the methanol crude extracts. The extracts and fractions were evaluated for total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents, as well as the DPPH free radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Methanol crude extracts of the leaf and stem bark were then subjected to UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. To the best of our knowledge, the comparative evaluation of the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the leaf and stem bark of A. pavarii, as well as of the respective solvent fractions, is reported herein for the first time. Out of these extracts, the methanolic crude extracts and polar fractions (ethyl acetate and butanol fractions) showed significant bioactivities. The DPPH free radical and α-glucosidase inhibitions was highest in the leaf ethyl acetate fraction, with IC50 of 6.39 and 4.93 µg/mL, respectively, while the leaf methanol crude extract and butanol fraction exhibited the highest FRAP with 82.95 and 82.17 mmol Fe (II)/g extract. The UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis resulted in the putative identification of a total of 76 compounds from the leaf and stem bark, comprising a large proportion of plant phenolics (flavonoids and phenolic acids), terpenoids, and fatty acid derivatives. Results from the present study showed that the different parts of A. pavarii had potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, which could potentially prevent oxidative damage or diabetes-related problems. These findings may strengthen the traditional claim on the medicinal value of A. pavarii.
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Guo H, Liu C, Tang Q, Li D, Wan Y, Li JH, Gao XH, Seeram NP, Ma H, Chen HD. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract and its polyphenols reduce the formation of methylglyoxal-DNA adducts and protect human keratinocytes against methylglyoxal-induced oxidative stress. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Yisimayili Z, Tian Q, Xie Y, Hu P, Abdulla R, Wu T, Sun Z, Chen M, Aisa HA, Huang C. Simultaneous Quantification of Four Compounds in Rat Plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study after Oral Administration of Pomegranate Flowers. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:348-356. [PMID: 34160023 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate flowers (PFs) were reported to possess various biological activities such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities, and using to treat diabetes. Although chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of PFs have been studied, unfortunately, there was no report on the pharmacokinetic profile of PFs in vivo. In this study, a selective high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of four compounds (corilagin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and brevifolincarboxylic acid) in rat plasma after oral administration of PFs. The good linearity concentration ranges for the four analytes were from 2.5 to 3000 ng/mL with coefficient value R2 > 0.99 in calibration curves. The intra- and inter-day accuracy of the four analytes was in the range of 85.33-102.50%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of <14.81%. The stability results showed that accuracy of the four analytes was in the range of 81.88-104.74%, with RSD of <14.86%. The validation method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic profiles of the four analytes in rats after oral administration of PFs extract. This pharmacokinetic study can provide better understanding to clarify in vivo mechanisms of PFs and may facilitate its further development as therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainaipuguli Yisimayili
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rahima Abdulla
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingcang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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21
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Zhao Y, Lu H, Wang Q, Liu H, Shen H, Xu W, Ge J, He D. Rapid qualitative profiling and quantitative analysis of phenolics in Ribes meyeri leaves and their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1404-1420. [PMID: 33464708 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ribes meyeri leaves are used as traditional Kazakh medicine in China. However, no study on the characterization of the phenolic compounds in R. meyeri leaves has been reported, resulting in the lack of quality control measures and poor standardization. This study was conducted to identify the phenolic compounds in R. meyeri leaves and evaluate their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. A total of 77 phenolics were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was applied to simultaneously quantify 12 phenolics in R. meyeri leaves. Rutin, epigallocatechin, isoquercitrin, epicatechin, protocatechuic acid, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside were abundant in the R. meyeri leaves. The methanol extract and four different extracts enhanced the glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The ethyl acetate extracts showed a total phenolic content of 966.89 ± 3.59 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, a total flavonoid content of 263.58 ± 17.09 mg catechin equivalents/g, and good protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory activities (IC50 : 0.60 ± 0.03 μg/mL). To our knowledge, this work is the first to identify and quantify the major phenolics in R. meyeri leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Zhao
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Analysis and Testing Centre, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Lu
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Analysis and Testing Centre, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Analysis and Testing Centre, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Liu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Shen
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Analysis and Testing Centre, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Analysis and Testing Centre, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P. R. China
| | - Juan Ge
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Analysis and Testing Centre, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P. R. China
| | - Dajun He
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Analysis and Testing Centre, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P. R. China
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22
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Pfohl M, DaSilva NA, Marques E, Agudelo J, Liu C, Goedken M, Slitt AL, Seeram NP, Ma H. Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a standardized pomegranate ( Punica granatum) fruit extract in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:499-510. [PMID: 33203257 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1849041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in fats are linked to elevated systemic inflammation, which augments the progression of inflammatory-related disorders including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and neurodegenerative diseases. A phenolic-enriched pomegranate fruit extract (PE) was investigated for its hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in male C57BL/6 mice fed either a high-fat diet or a standard rodent diet with or without 1% of PE for 12 weeks. Mouse livers and hippocampi were evaluated for the expression of genes associated with NAFLD and inflammation by multiplexed gene analysis. PE alleviated diet-induced fatty liver and suppressed hepatic lipid regulating genes including Cd36, Fas, Acot2 and Slc27a1. In addition, PE suppressed gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Il-1α, Il-7, Il-11, Ifnα, Tnfα and Lepr in the hippocampi. Our findings support the protective effects of PE against high-fat diet-induced hepatic and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Pfohl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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23
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Buzgaia N, Awin T, Elabbar F, Abdusalam K, Lee SY, Rukayadi Y, Abas F, Shaari K. Antibacterial Activity of Arbutus pavarii Pamp against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and UHPLC-MS/MS Profile of the Bioactive Fraction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1539. [PMID: 33187073 PMCID: PMC7696162 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Arbutus pavarii Pamp is a medicinal plant commonly used by local tribes in East Libya for the treatment of many diseases, such as gastritis, renal infections, cancer and kidney diseases. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the leaf and stem bark extracts of the plant against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the metabolite profiles of the bioactive fractions, was investigated. The antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), while the microbial reduction by the bioactive fraction was evaluated using time-kill test. The bioactive fraction was further subjected to ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis to putatively identify the chemical constituents contained therein. All the extracts and fractions showed different levels of antibacterial activity on the tested MRSA strains. The highest total antibacterial activity, i.e., 4007.6 mL/g, was exhibited by the crude leaf methanolic extract. However, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf showed moderate to significant antibacterial activity against MRSA at low MIC (0.08-1.25 mg/mL). Metabolite profiling of this fraction using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS resulted in the putative identification of 28 compounds, which included phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonols. The results of this study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Arbutus pavarii leaf possessed potential antibacterial activity against MRSA and hence can be further explored for pharmaceutical applications as a natural antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Buzgaia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; (N.B.); (T.A.); (F.E.)
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Tahani Awin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; (N.B.); (T.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Fakhri Elabbar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; (N.B.); (T.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Khaled Abdusalam
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Gharyan, Gharyan, Libya
| | - Soo Yee Lee
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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24
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Delgado NTB, Rouver WN, Dos Santos RL. Protective Effects of Pomegranate in Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3684-3699. [PMID: 32250215 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406152147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Punica granatum L. is an infructescence native of occidental Asia and Mediterranean Europe, popularly referred to as pomegranate. It has been used in ethnomedicine for several applications, including the treatment of obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and the regulation of blood lipid parameters. Thus, pomegranate has been linked to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that have endothelial dysfunction as a common factor acting mainly against oxidative stress due to its high polyphenol content. Its biocomponents have antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which promote cardiovascular protection through the improvement of endothelial function. METHODS Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to uncover the literature of interest. CONCLUSION This review article presents updated information on the role of pomegranate in the context of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. We have shown that pomegranate, or rather its components (e.g., tannins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, anthocyanins, alkaloids, etc.), have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, improving parameters such as oxidative stress and the enzymatic antioxidant system, reducing reactive oxygen species formation and acting in an anti-inflammatory way. Thus, this review may contribute to a better understanding of pomegranate's beneficial actions on endothelial function and possibly to the development of strategies associated with conventional treatments of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie T B Delgado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Wender N Rouver
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Roger L Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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25
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Romão PVM, Palozi RAC, Guarnier LP, Silva AO, Lorençone BR, Nocchi SR, Moura CCDFS, Lourenço ELB, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A. Cardioprotective effects of Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel in a rabbit model of doxorubicin-induced heart failure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112042. [PMID: 31254629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Brazil, the fruit of a native species that is popularly known as "jabuticaba" (Plinia cauliflora [Mart.] Kausel) is widely consumed fresh or used for the production of liqueur, juice, and jelly. In Brazilian folk medicine, this species is used to treat asthma, throat inflammation, and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disturbances. However, no previous studies have reported its cardioprotective effects. AIM To evaluate the possible cardioprotective effects of a hydroethanolic extract of Plinia cauliflora (EEPC) in female rabbits in a model of doxorubicin-induced heart failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS EEPC was obtained and fractionated by solid phase extraction, and its constituents were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS). Thirty female New Zealand rabbits received doxorubicin administration for 6 weeks to induce heart failure. EEPC was orally administered at doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg daily for 42 days. Enalapril (5 mg/kg) was used as a reference cardioprotective drug. At the end of the experimental period, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Serum parameters, including lipid profile, troponin, creatinine, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, nitrite, and brain natriuretic peptide, were measured. The electrocardiographic profile and renal vascular reactivity were evaluated. Cardiac histopathology and ventricular morphometry were performed, and the tissue enzymatic antioxidant system was investigated. RESULTS A total of 37 compounds were detected in EEPC, including organic acids, phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and hydrolysable tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins). EEPC treatment induced a cardiorenal protective response, prevented hemodynamic and functional alterations, and prevented ventricle remodeling. These effects were associated with the normalization of creatinine and brain natriuretic peptide levels and modulation of the tecidual antioxidant defense system. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that EEPC may prevent doxorubicin-induced heart failure by modulating the antioxidant defense system, reducing reactive oxygen species-induced damage, preventing alterations of hemodynamic and endothelial function, and preventing damage to the cardiac structure. EEPC, especially at the highest dose tested, may be considered a cardioprotective coadjuvant to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vitor Moreira Romão
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aniely Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Samara Requena Nocchi
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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26
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Yisimayili Z, Abdulla R, Tian Q, Wang Y, Chen M, Sun Z, Li Z, Liu F, Aisa HA, Huang C. A comprehensive study of pomegranate flowers polyphenols and metabolites in rat biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1604:460472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Bar-Ya'akov I, Tian L, Amir R, Holland D. Primary Metabolites, Anthocyanins, and Hydrolyzable Tannins in the Pomegranate Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:620. [PMID: 31164897 PMCID: PMC6534183 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important and interesting fruit tree that is cultivated in many parts of the world. In recent years, along with the increase in its cultivation and consumption there has been a dramatic increase in the scientific interest in its biology, methods of cultivation, adaptation to environmental cues and its health-promoting properties. Quite a large proportion of the various metabolites produced in the pomegranate were determined and their content in the bark, roots, leaves, and fruit was reported. Many reviews on polyphenolic compound content, antioxidant activity and health-promoting compounds were published recently. However, only very few recent reports were dedicated to primary metabolites, despite the fact that much work was done on organic acids, sugars, proteins, lipids, and amino acids of the pomegranate fruit. In this review, a special effort was made to present these recent studies and the review is devoted to primary metabolites. The reported data show high variation in the content of primary metabolites within the pomegranate fruit; therefore the data is presented (whenever possible) according to fruit tissues (peel, arils, and seeds), developmental stages of the fruit, environmental and climatic conditions, and genetic background. Most of the data on pomegranate is based on metabolic content and contains no genetic or molecular analysis except for work done on anthocyanins and hydrolyzable tannins. In those cases, gene assignment and genetic control studies were pointed out in the review. The recent publication of the genome sequences from several pomegranate varieties and transcriptomic data from fruits, flowers, and leaves is expected to facilitate the understanding of genetic control of metabolites in pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Bar-Ya'akov
- Unit of Deciduous Fruit Tree Sciences, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Amir
- Laboratory of Plant Metabolism, Department of Plant Science, Migal, Tel Hai College, Qiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Doron Holland
- Unit of Deciduous Fruit Tree Sciences, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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28
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Liu C, Guo H, DaSilva NA, Li D, Zhang K, Wan Y, Gao XH, Chen HD, Seeram NP, Ma H. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum) Phenolics Ameliorate Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in Human Keratinocytes. J Funct Foods 2019; 54:559-567. [PMID: 34079588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate phenolics have been reported to exert skin beneficial effects but their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Herein, we investigated a standardized commercial pomegranate extract (PE; Pomella®) and its phenolics including punicalagin (PA), ellagic acid (EA), and urolithin A (UA) for their protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. PE, PA, and EA reduced the production of H2O2-induced ROS in HaCaT cells by 1.03-, 1.37-, and 2.67-fold, respectively. PE, PA, and UA increased the viability of H2O2-stimulated HaCaT cells by 89.9, 94.9, and 90.0%, respectively. PE, PA, and UA reduced apoptotic cell populations by 3.39, 7.11, and 8.26%, respectively. In addition, PE, PA and UA decreased H2O2-stimulated caspase-3 level by 2.31-, 2.06-, and 2.68-fold, respectively. The ameliorative effects of this PE and its phenolics against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in keratinocytes support their utilization as natural cosmeceuticals for skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.,Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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29
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Levodopa-Reduced Mucuna pruriens Seed Extract Shows Neuroprotective Effects against Parkinson's Disease in Murine Microglia and Human Neuroblastoma Cells, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091139. [PMID: 30131460 PMCID: PMC6164394 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens (Mucuna) has been prescribed in Ayurveda for various brain ailments including 'kampavata' (tremors) or Parkinson's disease (PD). While Mucuna is a well-known natural source of levodopa (L-dopa), published studies suggest that other bioactive compounds may also be responsible for its anti-PD effects. To investigate this hypothesis, an L-dopa reduced (<0.1%) M. pruriens seeds extract (MPE) was prepared and evaluated for its anti-PD effects in cellular (murine BV-2 microglia and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells), Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster models. In BV-2 cells, MPE (12.5⁻50 μg/mL) reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity (15.7-18.6%), decreased reactive oxygen species production (29.1-61.6%), and lowered lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide species release by 8.9⁻60%. MPE (12.5-50 μg/mL) mitigated SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis by 6.9-40.0% in a non-contact co-culture assay with cell-free supernatants from LPS-treated BV-2 cells. MPE (12.5-50 μg/mL) reduced 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cell death of SH-SY5Y cells by 11.85⁻38.5%. Furthermore, MPE (12.5-50 μg/mL) increased median (25%) and maximum survival (47.8%) of C. elegans exposed to the dopaminergic neurotoxin, methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. MPE (40 μg/mL) ameliorated dopaminergic neurotoxin (6-OHDA and rotenone) induced precipitation of innate negative geotaxis behavior of D. melanogaster by 35.3 and 32.8%, respectively. Therefore, MPE contains bioactive compounds, beyond L-dopa, which may impart neuroprotective effects against PD.
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