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Gao X, Yang Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang Z, Mi W, Du L. Xanthotoxol relieves itch in mice via suppressing spinal GRP/GRPR signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176147. [PMID: 37871763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Although pruritus, commonly known as itch, is a common and debilitating symptom associated with various skin conditions, there is a lack of effective therapies available. Xanthotoxol (XAN), a biologically active linear furocoumarin, shows potential in the treatment of various neurological disorders. In this study, we discovered that administering XAN either through intraperitoneal or intrathecal injections effectively reduced scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 or chloroquine. Importantly, XAN also substantially alleviates chronic itch in dry skin and allergic contact dermatitis mice. Substantial progress has highlighted the crucial role of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) signaling in the dorsal spinal cord in transmitting various types of itch. Our behavior tests revealed that XAN significantly alleviated scratching behaviors induced by intrathecal administration of GRP or GRPR agonist bombesin. Furthermore, XAN reduced the activation of neurons in the spinal cord caused by intrathecal administration of GRP in mice. Moreover, XAN attenuates the activation of spinal GRPR-positive neurons in itchy mice. These findings suggest that XAN mitigates itch in mice by suppressing spinal GRP/GRPR signaling, thereby establishing XAN as a promising therapeutic option for treating pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yayue Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wenli Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lixia Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Łuszczki JJ, Bojar H, Jankiewicz K, Florek-Łuszczki M, Chmielewski J, Skalicka-Woźniak K. Anticonvulsant effects of isopimpinellin and its interactions with classic antiseizure medications and borneol in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model: an isobolographic transformation. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1533-1543. [PMID: 37821793 PMCID: PMC10661746 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overwhelming evidence indicates that some naturally occurring coumarins and terpenes are widely used in folk medicine due to their various therapeutic effects affecting the brain. Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are the principal treatment option for epilepsy patients, although some novel strategies based on naturally occurring substances are intensively investigated. This study was aimed at determining the influence of isopimpinellin (ISOP-a coumarin) when administered either separately or in combination with borneol (BOR-a monoterpenoid), on the antiseizure potencies of four classic ASMs (carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), and valproate (VPA)) in the mouse model of maximal electroshock-induced (MES) tonic-clonic seizures. MATERIALS Tonic-clonic seizures were evoked experimentally in mice after systemic (ip) administration of the respective doses of ISOP, BOR, and classic ASMs. Interactions for two-drug (ISOP + a classic ASM) and three-drug (ISOP + BOR + a classic ASM) mixtures were assessed isobolographically in the mouse MES model. RESULTS ISOP (administered alone) had no impact on the anticonvulsant potencies of four classic ASMs. Due to the isobolographic transformation of data, the combination of ISOP + VPA exerted an antagonistic interaction, whereas the two-drug mixtures of ISOP + CBZ, ISOP + PHT, and ISOP + PB produced additive interactions in the mouse MES model. The three-drug combinations of ISOP + BOR with CBZ and PHT produced additive interactions, while the three-drug combinations of ISOP + BOR with PB and VPA exerted synergistic interactions in the mouse MES model. CONCLUSIONS The most intriguing interaction was that for ISOP + VPA, for which the addition of BOR evoked a transition from antagonism to synergy in the mouse MES model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarogniew J Łuszczki
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Hubert Bojar
- Department of Toxicology and Food Safety, Institute of Rural Health, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jankiewicz
- 2nd Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław Chmielewski
- Institute of Environmental Protection, National Research Institute, 02-170, Warsaw, Poland
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Tang L, Chen Y, Wu M, Tang T, Yao Y. Comparative studies of immobilized polysaccharide derivatives chiral stationary phases for enantioseparation of furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones and discussion on chiral recognition mechanism. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300318. [PMID: 37590330 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomeric separation of furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones compounds were systematically studied in the normal-phase mode using four different polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phases, namely, Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, Chiralpak IG, and Chiralpak IK-3 by high-performance liquid chromatography. The effect of alcohol modifiers and alcohol content on enantiomeric separation was evaluated for the separation of furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones. All the eight compounds have achieved baseline separation with the resolutions ranging between 1.52 and 23.11. For a better insight into the enantiorecognition mechanisms, thermodynamic analysis was carried out. The mechanisms of chiral recognition have been discussed. Among four chiral columns, Chiralpak IG exhibited the most universal and the best enantioseparation ability toward furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones when used n-hexane-isopropanol and n-hexane-ethanol as mobile phase, respectively. The steric hindrance, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interaction played major roles in chiral recognition on Chiralpak IG. By comparing four chiral columns, this work systematically analyzed the separation methods of furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones for the first time and reported some active chiral ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine that have never been separated, which provided a further insight into the enantioseparation of furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones on chiral stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhuan Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Wen J, Yang Y, Hao J. Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma: A comprehensive review of its chemical composition, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1090526. [PMID: 37007031 PMCID: PMC10060561 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1090526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR, Shi Chang Pu in Chinese), a natural product with multiple targets in various diseases. This review provides the comprehensive summary of the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics parameters and toxicity of ATR. The results indicated that ATR possesses a wide spectrum of chemical composition, including volatile oil, terpenoids, organic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, lignin, carbohydrates and so on. Accumulating evidence from various studies has shown that ATR exerts a wide range of pharmacological properties, including protecting nerve cells, alleviating learning and memory impairment, anti-ischemic, anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-arrhythmic, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant activities. Currently, ATR is widely used in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal digestive system, respiratory system in China, and for the treatment of epilepsy, depression, amnesia, consciousness, anxiety, insomnia, aphasia, tinnitus, cancers, dementia, stroke, skin diseases, and other complex diseases. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that β-asarone, α-asarone, cis-methylisoeugenol, and asarylaldehyde, the active components of ATR, were absorbed slowly after oral administration of ATR. Moreover, toxicity studies have suggested that ATR has no carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic toxicity. Nevertheless, long term or high-dose toxicity testing in animals to explore the acute and chronic toxicity of acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma is still lacking. In view of good pharmacological activities, ATR is expected to be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, depression, or ulcerative colitis. However, further studies are needed to elucidate its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, molecular mechanisms and targets, improve its oral bioavailability, and clarify its potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Wen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianxia Wen, ; Junjie Hao,
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jianxia Wen, ; Junjie Hao,
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Long Y, Li D, Yu S, Zhang YL, Liu SY, Wan JY, Shi A, Deng J, Wen J, Li XQ, Ma Y, Li N, Yang M. Natural essential oils: A promising strategy for treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115421. [PMID: 35659628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Essential oils (EO) are volatile compounds obtained from different parts of natural plants, and have been used in national, traditional and folk medicine to treat various health problems all over the world. Records indicate that in history, herbal medicines rich in EO have been widely used for the treatment of CVDs in many countries, such as China. AIM OF THE STUDY This review focused on the traditional application and modern pharmacological mechanisms of herbal medicine EO against CVDs in preclinical and clinical trials through multi-targets synergy. Besides, the EO and anti-CVDs drugs were compared, and the broad application of EO was explained from the properties of drugs and aromatic administration routes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information about EO and CVDs was collected from electronic databases such as Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The obtained data sets were sequentially arranged for better understanding of EO' potential. RESULTS The study showed that EO had significant application in CVDs at different countries or regions since ancient times. Aiming at the complex pathological mechanisms of CVDs, including intracellular calcium overload, oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular endothelial cell injury and dysfunction and dyslipidemia, we summarized the roles of EO on CVDs in preclinical and clinical through multi-targets intervention. Besides, EO had the dual properties of drug and excipients. And aromatherapy was one of the complementary therapies to improve CVDs. CONCLUSIONS This paper reviewed the EO on traditional treatment, preclinical mechanism and clinical application of CVDs. As important sources of traditional medicines, EO' remarkable efficacy had been confirmed in comprehensive literature reports, which showed that EO had great medicinal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Song-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.
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Zhang Y, Hou M, Yu Y, Xie W, Chang R, Zhang G, Zhang H, Yu H, Chen A. Simultaneous separation and determination of six furanocoumarins in Radix Angelicae dahuricae by CZE with dual CDs system. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114869. [PMID: 35988798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple and efficient capillary electrophoresis method was developed to simultaneous determination of six furanocoumarins (psoralen, isopsoralen, imperatorin, isoimperatorin, phellopterin, and cnidilin). The separation buffer consisted of 30 mM boric acid, 12 mM sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin and 1.5 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (pH 7.8); the voltage was 20 kV, the temperature was 25 °C and the detection wavelength was at 246 nm with a diode array detector (DAD). Under the above conditions, the analytes could be separated with high resolution in less than 7 min. This method was used to simultaneously determine the content of psoralen, imperatorin, isoimperatorin and phellopterin in Angelica Dahurica Radix. And good linearities were obtained with correlation coefficients from 0.9992 to 0.9999. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and the limits of quantitation (LOQ, S/N = 10) ranged from 0.6 to 3.0 μg/mL and from 2.1 to 9.9 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries ranged between 98.8% and 101.8%. The results indicated the method can achieve baseline separation and quantitative analysis of furanocoumarins in Chinese herbal medicines and formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Meijuan Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yanping Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Wenyu Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Ruimiao Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Guangbin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Hongfen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.
| | - Anjia Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.
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Wan Y, Dong Z, Li H, Yang L, Li W, Zhu K, Jiang S, Qian D, Duan J. Comparative pharmacokinetics of the main active components in normal and ulcerative colitis rats after oral administration of Zingiberis Rhizoma-Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma herb pair and its single herb extracts by LC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2228-2238. [PMID: 35474281 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zingiberis Rhizoma and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma are usually used together for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in clinical practices. However, their compatibility mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous quantification of ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, and 6-gingerol in rat plasma after oral administration of Zingiberis Rhizoma-Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma herb pair and its single herb extracts. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity, with correlation coefficients of more than 0.993. The precision deviations of intra- and interday analysis were within 10.66%, and accuracy error ranged from -12.74 to 11.56%. The average recoveries of analytes were higher than 76.60% and the matrix effects were minimal. Thus, the validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of four ingredients in normal and ulcerative colitis rat plasma. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetic parameters of four analytes in normal and model groups showed significant differences. The larger exposure (the mean AUC0-t of ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, and 6-gingerol were increased by 50.93, 141.90, 3.68, and 37.25%, respectively) and slower elimination (the CLz/F of ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, and 6-gingerol were decreased by 52.94, 83.64, and 32.18%, respectively) were observed in ulcerative colitis rats. Furthermore, compared with single herbs, the analytes in rat plasma after oral administration of combined extracts presented relatively high systemic exposure levels with AUC0-t > 2000 h·ng/mL and Cmax > 200 ng/mL. Collectively, the differences of pharmacokinetic characteristics revealed the synergistic effect of Zingiberis Rhizoma-Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma herb pair, which provided a valuable and reliable basis for its clinical application in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiling Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Zhang W, He J, Hu Y, Lu J, Zhao J, Li P. Chemical Structure and Immune Activation of a Glucan From Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. Front Nutr 2022; 9:942241. [PMID: 35845784 PMCID: PMC9277461 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.942241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii is a traditional Chinese herb used to treat depression and coronary heart disease. Studies on its active components mainly focus on small molecular compounds such as asarone and other essential oil components, while the large molecular active components such as polysaccharides are ignored. In this study, we aimed to study the chemical structure and immune activation of polysaccharides from Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. In this study, a polysaccharide (RATAPW) was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography from alkali extraction polysaccharide of Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. The average molecular weight of RATAPW was 2.51 × 104 Da, and the total carbohydrate contents of RATAPW were 98.23 ± 0.29%. The monosaccharide composition, methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis results displayed that the polysaccharide was α-1,4-glucan with short α-1,6 branches. Immunofluorescence assay and inhibitor neutralization assay indicated that RATAPW could promote the TNF-α production of RAW264.7 macrophage through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) molecular signaling pathway. Treatment with 200 μg/ml of RATAPW enhanced a 38.77% rise in the proliferation rate of spleen lymphocytes. RATAPW also enhances ConA-induced T cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B cell proliferation in a dose-dependent effect. Our study lays a foundation for the discovery of natural polysaccharide immune modulators or functional food from Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii.
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Yang H, Zhai B, Wang M, Fan Y, Wang J, Cheng J, Zou J, Zhang X, Shi Y, Guo D, Tang Z. The influence of rhein on the absorption of rehmaionoside D: In vivo, in situ, in vitro, and in silico studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114650. [PMID: 34536515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese Medicine, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., as the principle herb of ShengDiHuang Decotion (SDHD), has the effect of cooling blood and hemostasis, and tonifying the yin and kidney. Rheum L., as adjuvant herbs, assist Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. to promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis. AIM OF STUDY To study the mechanism of Rhein (RH) involved in the promotion of Rehmannioside D (RD) absorption by pharmacokinetic studies, single-pass intestinal perfusion, Caco-2 cell models, molecular docking technique and western blotting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, the intestinal absorption of RD in the presence or absence of RH was conducted through pharmacokinetic studies. Thereafter, the intestinal absorption of RD and RH was studied using the single-pass intestinal perfusion and Caco-2 cell models. Finally, using molecular docking technique and western blotting. RESULTS We found that the promotion of RD absorption by RH was mediated by breast cancer resistance and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, thereby affecting the permeability of the intestinal epithelium. Additionally, RH and RD can competitively bind to breast cancer resistance and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, and that RH inhibits the expression of breast cancer resistance and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in the ileum to promote the intestinal absorption of RD. CONCLUSION This study reveals the mechanisms associated with the RH-mediated promotion of RD absorption and provides a basis for further exploring the synergistic effect of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC and rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Mei Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yu Fan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jiangxue Cheng
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Xianyang, 712046, China.
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