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Underestimating a Dog Bite. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Fennell AG, Wilson KS, Caja KR, Parikh PM. Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis in a 38-year-old immunocompetent woman from household pet exposure. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 56:396.e1-396.e3. [PMID: 35365375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 38-year-old otherwise healthy woman with no history of immunocompromise, recent travel, or concerning exposures presented to the ED with several days of nonspecific cold-like symptoms with associated generalized headache. After the patient was symptomatically treated and discharged, she returned several hours later with worsening of symptoms and new vomiting, confusion, and sensorineural hearing loss. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures eventually returned positive for a Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection, a bacterial pathogen found in the saliva of dogs and cats. Only after that, the patient recalled being scratched and licked by her pets, two dogs and a cat. She was treated with a course of systemic steroids, antibiotics and discharged home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Fennell
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency and Hospital Medicine/USF, Morsani College of Medicine, Cedar Crest Boulevard & I-78, Allentown, PA 18103, USA.
| | - Kyle S Wilson
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency and Hospital Medicine/USF, Morsani College of Medicine, Cedar Crest Boulevard & I-78, Allentown, PA 18103, USA
| | - Kevin R Caja
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency and Hospital Medicine/USF, Morsani College of Medicine, Cedar Crest Boulevard & I-78, Allentown, PA 18103, USA
| | - Pratik M Parikh
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency and Hospital Medicine/USF, Morsani College of Medicine, Cedar Crest Boulevard & I-78, Allentown, PA 18103, USA
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Malik F, Orchard W, Jacob G. Rare case of Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis in a man without risk factors. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/5/e241686. [PMID: 34049892 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-241686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis is an uncommon but potentially serious cause of meningitis, which is considered particularly rare in healthy and immunocompetent individuals. We present a case of C. canimorsus meningitis in a young, immunocompetent patient which was acquired following a dog bite. We review the literature and propose that underdiagnosis of this condition is likely. To avoid misdiagnosis, and thus improper management, clinicians should ensure that they identify animal exposure in all meningitic patients, and adopt a higher clinical suspicion in the absence of classical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Malik
- Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - William Orchard
- Acute Medicine, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - George Jacob
- Microbiology, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
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Rizk MA, Abourizk N, Gadhiya KP, Hansrivijit P, Goldman JD. A Bite So Bad: Septic Shock Due to Capnocytophaga Canimorsus Following a Dog Bite. Cureus 2021; 13:e14668. [PMID: 34055517 PMCID: PMC8144272 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by Capnocytophaga canimorsus (C. canimorsus), a Gram-negative rod found in the normal oral flora of canine and feline species and transmitted through bites or scratches, is a rare phenomenon. Infections most commonly occur in alcoholics and immunocompromised patients. In this report, we describe the case of a middle-aged male with a history of alcohol abuse who presented with septic shock and multisystem organ failure following a suspected dog bite. The patient was a 59-year-old Caucasian male with alcohol abuse disorder who initially presented with encephalopathy and lethargy. The patient had scratches and multiple healing wounds, with a mottled appearance on his extremities. According to his wife, the patient had been playing aggressively with his dog at home. On admission, he was febrile, tachycardic, and saturating in the 80s on ambient air. His extremities rapidly developed diffuse purpura and dry gangrene of all digits along with the tip of his nose and genitals. The patient developed septic shock and multisystem organ failure. Blood cultures initially grew Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods for which broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated. Follow-up blood cultures were positive for C. canimorsus and the antibiotic regimen was adjusted accordingly. His condition continued to deteriorate. His family opted for comfort measures only and he died soon after. Common sequelae of C. canimorsus infection include septic shock with multisystem organ failure, disseminated purpuric lesions, hypotension, encephalopathy, and acute renal failure. As seen in our patient, C. canimorsus infection should be considered in such patients, particularly if there is a recent history of an animal bite. Prompt initiation of appropriate treatment is essential to improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle-Ashley Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Nicholas Abourizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Kinjal P Gadhiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Panupong Hansrivijit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - John D Goldman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
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Galles A, Monlun E, Villeneuve L, Poirot-Mazères S. [Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis]. Med Mal Infect 2020; 50:754-756. [PMID: 32911060 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Galles
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| | - E Monlun
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| | - L Villeneuve
- Service de bactériologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| | - S Poirot-Mazères
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Bordeaux, 1, place Améli-Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Mader N, Lührs F, Langenbeck M, Herget-Rosenthal S. Capnocytophaga canimorsus - a potent pathogen in immunocompetent humans - systematic review and retrospective observational study of case reports. Infect Dis (Lond) 2019; 52:65-74. [PMID: 31709860 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1687933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Severe and fatal Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection has been described in immunocompromised patients. Data of C. canimorsus infection in immunocompetent and risk factors of severe courses are missing. Our aims were to describe the epidemiology of C. canimorsus infection and to identify potential risk factors of sepsis and fatal outcome.Methods: Observational study and systematic review of all cases reported in immunocompetent subjects between 2002 and 2019.Results: A total of 128 cases of C. canimorsus infection in immunocompetent individuals were reported. Male gender comprised 74.2%, the median age was 58 years and 47.7% were admitted with sepsis. Case-fatality rate was 29.7% and especially high in septic patients (55.7%). Transmission by bite (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.05-6.52) and incubation time ≤3 d (OR = 7.98; 95% CI: 2.33-27.34) were identified as risk factors of sepsis on admission, and early wound cleansing as protective (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.14-0.96). Sepsis (OR = 23.67; 95% CI: 2.85-197.89) and septic shock (OR = 45.50; 95% CI: 3.08-676.55) were risk factors of fatal outcome, whereas early wound cleansing (OR = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.72), initial penicillin therapy with beta-lactamase inhibitors (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.16-0.92) and surgical removal of infectious focus (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.06-0.95) were protective factors.Conclusions: Immunocompetent patients with C. canimorsus infection frequently develop sepsis. A shorter incubation period in cases of sepsis might be related to higher infectious dose. Fatal outcome may be prevented by early wound cleansing, initial use of penicillins in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors and surgical removal of an infectious focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Mader
- Department of Medicine, Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fabian Lührs
- Department of Medicine, Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
| | - Martin Langenbeck
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
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Lanzoni O, Plotnikov A, Khlopko Y, Munz G, Petroni G, Potekhin A. The core microbiome of sessile ciliate Stentor coeruleus is not shaped by the environment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11356. [PMID: 31388025 PMCID: PMC6684585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes of multicellular organisms are one of the hottest topics in microbiology and physiology, while only few studies addressed bacterial communities associated with protists. Protists are widespread in all environments and can be colonized by plethora of different bacteria, including also human pathogens. The aim of this study was to characterize the prokaryotic community associated with the sessile ciliate Stentor coeruleus. 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding was performed on single cells of S. coeruleus and on their environment, water from the sewage stream. Our results showed that the prokaryotic community composition differed significantly between Stentor cells and their environment. The core microbiome common for all ciliate specimens analyzed could be defined, and it was composed mainly by representatives of bacterial genera which include also potential human pathogens and commensals, such as Neisseria, Streptococcus, Capnocytophaga, Porphyromonas. Numerous 16S rRNA gene contigs belonged to endosymbiont “Candidatus Megaira polyxenophila”. Our data suggest that each ciliate cell can be considered as an ecological microniche harboring diverse prokaryotic organisms. Possible benefits for persistence and transmission in nature for bacteria associated with protists are discussed. Our results support the hypothesis that ciliates attract potentially pathogenic bacteria and play the role of natural reservoirs for them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Plotnikov
- Center of Shared Scientific Equipment, Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Division of RAS, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Yuri Khlopko
- Center of Shared Scientific Equipment, Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Division of RAS, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Giulio Munz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alexey Potekhin
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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