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Cohen L, Brodsky MA, Zubair R, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, Sadeghpour M. Cutaneous interaction with visible light: What do we know? J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:560-568. [PMID: 32289393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Visible light has been used therapeutically in dermatology for years for a variety of cosmetic and medical indications, including skin rejuvenation and the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions, among others. Until recently, visible light was thought to be relatively inert compared to its spectral neighbors, ultraviolet and infrared radiation. However, recent literature has described the ability of visible light to cause erythema in light skin and pigmentary changes in individuals with darker skin types. Concern surrounding its potentially damaging cutaneous effects has been raised in both the medical community and social media outlets. In this article, we provide an evidenced-based review describing what is currently known about visible light, focusing on its role in dermatologic diseases including disorders of hyperpigmentation such as melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Raheel Zubair
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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2
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Araújo GLB, Soares LGP, Santos AS, Cangussú MCT, Dos Santos JN, Pinheiro ALB. Effects of Violet and IR LED Light on mast cell degranulation: in vivo study in a murine model. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:159. [PMID: 37442837 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of IR (λ850 ± 10 nm) and violet (λ405 ± 10 nm) LED phototherapy on total mast cells counts and its ability to influence mast cell degranulation. For this, 27 Wistar rats were used and were randomly distributed into three groups: control, IR LED, and violet LED. When indicated, irradiation done and they were sacrificed, had their tongue removed immediately, 20-min, 45-min, and 2-h after irradiation. Samples were processed to wax, cut, and stained with Toluidine Blue. Intact and degranulated mast cells were counted under light microscopy, and statistical analysis was carried out. In the superficial connective tissue and muscular tissues, violet LED light caused a significant increase in both total number and degranulated mast cells when compared to the control group immediately after irradiation. The degranulation indexes were higher in the groups irradiated with Violet light, both in superficial connective tissue and muscular tissues in relation to the timing. Irradiation with IR LED caused immediate increase in the total number and degranulated of mast cells when compared to the control group only in the superficial connective tissue. In all times observed, the highest total amount of mast cells was seen immediately after irradiation, except in the muscular tissue, which presented the highest amount after 20-min. It was concluded that IR and violet LED light were able to increase the number of mast cells and inducing degranulation in oral mucosa. However, considering that violet LED light can be harmful in periodontal disease, it seems that the use of IR LED light could be the best option in Dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyza Lopes Borges Araújo
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Pinheiro Soares
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil
- Center for Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics Prof. José Édimo Soares Martins, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Amanda Silva Santos
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Teixeira Cangussú
- Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luiz Barbosa Pinheiro
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
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3
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Zhou S, Yamada R, Sakamoto K. Low energy multiple blue light-emitting diode light Irradiation promotes melanin synthesis and induces DNA damage in B16F10 melanoma cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281062. [PMID: 36730244 PMCID: PMC9894472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visible light is present everywhere in our lives. Widespread use of computers and smartphones has increased the daily time spent in front of screens. What effect does this visible light have on us? Recent studies have shown that short-wavelength blue light (400-450nm) irradiation, similar to UV, inhibits the cell proliferation and differentiation, induces the intracellular oxidative stress, promotes the cell apoptosis and causes some other negative effects. However, it's unusual that directly face to such short-wavelength and high-energy blue light in daily life. Therefore, the effects of blue light with longer wavelength (470nm), lower energy (1, 2 J/cm2) and multiple times (simulated daily use) exposure on cells have been studied in this experiment. In our results, low energy density multiple blue light inhibited cell proliferation and metastatic capability with a weak phototoxicity. Blue light also promoted intracellular reactive oxygen species and caused DNA damage. Furthermore, the melanin synthesis was also promoted by low energy density multiple blue light exposure. Together, these results indicate that longer wavelength and low energy density blue light multiple exposure is still harmful to our cells. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to screens likely induces dull skin through induction of melanin synthesis. These results further mentioned us should paid more attention to controlling the daily use of digital device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhou
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yamada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wang JY, Austin E, Jagdeo J. Visible red light does not induce DNA damage in human dermal fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200023. [PMID: 35894162 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visible red light (RL) therapy is a rapidly expanding treatment option for dermatological conditions, including acne, psoriasis and chronic wounds. It is currently unknown if high fluences of RL induce DNA damage via reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress or other pathways. Our lab previously demonstrated that RL generates ROS in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Other studies show that UV and blue light generate ROS and DNA damage in fibroblasts. This study aims to determine if RL induces DNA damage in HDFs. We found that 320 J/cm2 , 640 J/cm2 and 1280 J/cm2 RL (633 ± 6 nm) did not measurably increase DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) or 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PP) immediately, 3 hours and 24 hours following irradiation. Our study further supports that RL therapy is safe in human skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System - Brooklyn Campus, Veterans Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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5
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Magni G, Piccolo D, Bonan P, Conforti C, Crisman G, Pieri L, Fusco I, Rossi F. 1540-nm fractional laser treatment modulates proliferation and neocollagenesis in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1010878. [PMID: 36330058 PMCID: PMC9623312 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1010878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Magni
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFAC-CNR), Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bonan
- Laser Cutaneous Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery Unit, Villa Donatello Clinic, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Conforti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Irene Fusco
- El.En Group, Calenzano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Irene Fusco
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFAC-CNR), Florence, Italy
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Purbhoo-Makan M, Houreld NN, Enwemeka CS. The Effects of Blue Light on Human Fibroblasts and Diabetic Wound Healing. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091431. [PMID: 36143466 PMCID: PMC9505688 DOI: 10.3390/life12091431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a serious threat to global health and is among the top 10 causes of death. The Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is among the most common and severe complications of the disease. Bacterial infections are common; therefore, timely aggressive management, using multidisciplinary management approaches is needed to prevent complications, morbidity, and mortality, particularly in view of the growing cases of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the application of low-level light at specific wavelengths to induce cellular photochemical and photophysical responses. Red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths have been shown to be beneficial, and recent studies indicate that other wavelengths within the visible spectrum could be helpful as well, including blue light (400–500 nm). Reports of the antimicrobial activity and susceptibility of blue light on several strains of the same bacterium show that many bacteria are less likely to develop resistance to blue light treatment, meaning it is a viable alternative to antibiotic therapy. However, not all studies have shown positive results for wound healing and fibroblast proliferation. This paper presents a critical review of the literature concerning the use of PBM, with a focus on blue light, for tissue healing and diabetic ulcer care, identifies the pros and cons of PBM intervention, and recommends the potential role of PBM for diabetic ulcer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meesha Purbhoo-Makan
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Chukuka S. Enwemeka
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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7
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Tsunoi Y, Miyazaki H, Kawauchi S, Akagi T, Akashi M, Saitoh D, Sato S. Viability Improvement of
Three‐Dimensional
Human Skin Substitutes by Photobiomodulation During Cultivation. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1464-1470. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Tsunoi
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems National Defense Medical College Research Institute 3‐2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359‐8513 Japan
| | - Hiromi Miyazaki
- Division of Biomedical Engineering National Defense Medical College Research Institute 3‐2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359‐8513 Japan
| | - Satoko Kawauchi
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems National Defense Medical College Research Institute 3‐2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359‐8513 Japan
| | - Takami Akagi
- Osaka University 1‐3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Osaka University 1‐3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‐0871 Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Basic Traumatology National Defense Medical College Research Institute 3‐2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359‐8513 Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems National Defense Medical College Research Institute 3‐2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359‐8513 Japan
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Pourang A, Tisack A, Ezekwe N, Torres AE, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, Lim HW. Effects of visible light on mechanisms of skin photoaging. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:191-196. [PMID: 34585779 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human skin is not only affected by ultraviolet radiation but also by visible light wavelengths emitted by sunlight, electronic devices, and light emitting diodes. Similar to the ultraviolet radiation, visible light has been implicated in photoaging. In this review, the effects of blue light, yellow light, red light, and broad visible light are discussed in relation with photoaging. Different visible light wavelengths likely contribute beneficial and deleterious effects on photoaging by way of interaction with specific photoreceptors, ROS production, and other photon-mediated reactions. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the mechanism and action spectrum of photoaging in humans, as well as optimal photoprotection with coverage against visible light wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aunna Pourang
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron Tisack
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nneamaka Ezekwe
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Angeli E Torres
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Iltefat H Hamzavi
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Henry W Lim
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Blue light induces skin apoptosis and degeneration through activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy apoptosis axis: Protective role of hydrogen sulfide. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 229:112426. [PMID: 35292420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Research on the phototoxicity of blue light (BL) to the skin is increasing. Although blue light can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and inhibition of proliferation in skin cells, the mechanism by which blue light damages the skin is not yet clear. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy are two mechanisms by which cells resist external interference factors and maintain cell homeostasis and normal function, and both can affect cell apoptosis. Interestingly, we have found that blue light (435 nm ~ 445 nm, 8000 lx, 6-24 h)-induced oxidative stress triggers the ER stress-CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein) signal and affects the protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl2-associated X (Bax), thereby promoting apoptosis. In addition, blue light activates autophagy in skin cells, which intensifies cell death. When ER stress is inhibited, autophagy is subsequently inhibited, suggesting that blue light-induced autophagy is influenced by ER stress. These evidences suggest that blue light induces activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-ER stress-autophagy-apoptosis axis signaling, which further induces skin injury and apoptosis. This is the first report on the relationships among oxidative stress, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in blue light-induced skin injury. Furthermore, we have studied the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on blue light-induced skin damage, and found that exogenous H2S can protect skin from blue light-induced damage by regulating the ROS-ER stress-autophagy-apoptosis axis. Our data shows that when we are exposed to blue light, such as sunbathing and jaundice treatment, H2S may be developed as a protective agent.
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10
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Kim JS, Lim STS. LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell Viability. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1235-1246. [PMID: 35723305 PMCID: PMC8947587 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, changes in cell signaling mechanisms in skin cells induced by various wavelengths and intensities of light-emitting diodes (LED) were investigated, focusing on the activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in particular. We examined the effect of LED irradiation on cell survival, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity of various cell-signaling proteins. Red LED light increased cell viability at all intensities, whereas strong green and blue LED light reduced cell viability, and this effect was reversed by NAC or DPI treatment. Red LED light caused an increase in ROS formation according to the increase in the intensity of the LED light, and green and blue LED lights led to sharp increases in ROS formation. In the initial reaction to LEDs, red LED light only increased the phosphorylation of FAK and extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), whereas green and blue LED lights increased the phosphorylation of inhibitory-κB Kinase α (IKKα), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. The phosphorylation of these intracellular proteins was reduced via FAK inhibitor, NAC, and DPI treatments. Even after 24 h of LED irradiation, the activity of FAK and ERK appeared in cells treated with red LED light but did not appear in cells treated with green and blue LED lights. Furthermore, the activity of caspase-3 was confirmed along with cell detachment. Therefore, our results suggest that red LED light induced mitogenic effects via low levels of ROS–FAK–ERK, while green and blue LED lights induced cytotoxic effects via cellular stress and apoptosis signaling resulting from high levels of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sub Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Chungbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.K.); (S.-T.S.L.)
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Correspondence: (J.-S.K.); (S.-T.S.L.)
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11
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Exposure to b-LED Light While Exerting Antimicrobial Activity on Gram-Negative and -Positive Bacteria Promotes Transient EMT-like Changes and Growth Arrest in Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031896. [PMID: 35163819 PMCID: PMC8837184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While blue LED (b-LED) light is increasingly being studied for its cytotoxic activity towards bacteria in therapy of skin-related infections, its effects on eukaryotic cells plasticity are less well characterized. Moreover, since different protocols are often used, comparing the effect of b-LED towards both microorganisms and epithelial surfaces may be difficult. The aim of this study was to analyze, in the same experimental setting, both the bactericidal activity and the effects on human keratinocytes. Exposure to b-LED induced an intense cytocidal activity against Gram-positive (i.e, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria associated with catheter-related infections. Treatment with b-LED of a human keratinocyte cell line induced a transient cell cycle arrest. At the molecular level, exposure to b-LED induced a transient downregulation of Cyclin D1 and an upregulation of p21, but not signs of apoptosis. Interestingly, a transient induction of phosphor-histone γ-H2Ax, which is associated with genotoxic damages, was observed. At the same time, keratinocytes underwent a transient epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype, characterized by E-cadherin downregulation and SNAIL/SLUG induction. As a functional readout of EMT induction, a scratch assay was performed. Surprisingly, b-LED treatment provoked a delay in the scratch closure. In conclusion, we demonstrated that b-LED microbicidal activity is associated with complex responses in keratinocytes that certainly deserve further analysis.
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12
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Denzinger M, Schenk KBM, Krauß S, Held M, Daigeler A, Wolfertstetter PR, Knorr C, Illg C, Eisler W. Immune-modulating properties of blue light do not influence reepithelization in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2431-2437. [PMID: 35048232 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy is gaining more attention in the treatment of various diseases. Especially, blue light seems to be a promising approach for wound healing promotion due to its antimicrobial and immune-modulating properties. Despite this, there is only little research focusing on the immune-modulating properties of blue light and its possible effects on wound healing. Therefore, we investigated the effects of blue light irradiation on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the influence on reepithelization in vitro. PBMCs were irradiated with DermoDyne® (DermoDyne HealthCare, Berlin, Germany) and effects on cell viability, cytokine expression, and scratch wound closure were evaluated afterwards. Irradiated cells showed a higher Interleukin-γ concentration while irradiation reduced resazurin concentration in a time-dependent manner. No differences in reepithelization were detectable when keratinocytes were treated with the supernatant of these blue light irradiated PBMCs. Blue light-mediated ex vivo stimulation of PBMCs does not cause faster reepithelization in an in vitro setting. Further research is needed to investigate the wound healing effects of phototherapy with blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Denzinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, Steinmetzstraße 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina B M Schenk
- Department of Medicine, St. John of God Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krauß
- Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Held
- Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adrien Daigeler
- Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Reis Wolfertstetter
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, Steinmetzstraße 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Knorr
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, Steinmetzstraße 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudius Illg
- Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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The effect of a geometric-shaped tool with blue led light on the activation of human dermal fibroblasts and cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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14
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Xia Y, Yu W, Cheng F, Rao T, Ruan Y, Yuan R, Ning J, Zhou X, Lin F, Zheng D. Photobiomodulation With Blue Laser Inhibits Bladder Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701122. [PMID: 34733776 PMCID: PMC8558536 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue lasers are becoming more widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer; however, their photobiomodulation effects on bladder cancer cells remains unclear. The purpose of the current study was to explore the photobiomodulation effect of blue laser irradiation on bladder cancer progression and the associated mechanisms. The human uroepithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 and human bladder cancer cell lines T24 and EJ were exposed to blue laser irradiation (450 nm) at various energy densities, and cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the levels of the proteins associated with the MAPK pathway proteins were determined. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed in a density-dependent manner after blue laser irradiation at > 4 J/cm2 in both bladder cancer cell lines. However, the blue laser did not reduce cell viability in SV-HUC-1 cells until the energy density exceeded 16 J/cm2. Meanwhile, Ki67 levels, reflecting cell proliferation and senescence, were also significantly decreased after blue laser irradiation at 4 J/cm2 and 8 J/cm2 in the absence of cell cycle arrest. Moreover, blue laser irradiation at 4 J/cm2 and 8 J/cm2 caused a reduction in cell migration and invasion and also reduced the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, Snail, N-cadherin, phospho-MEK and phospho-ERK, and elevated the expression levels of E-cadherin. Meanwhile ERK activator(tBHQ) significantly reversed the irradiation-induced suppression of proliferation, migration and invasion in T24 and EJ cell lines. The present study showed that blue laser irradiation inhibited bladder cancer proliferation in a density-dependent manner and inhibited bladder cancer progression by suppressing migration, invasion, and the EMT process in T24 and EJ cell lines. This inhibition was possibly mediated via suppression of the MAPK/MEK/ERK pathway. Thus, the use of a low-energy blue laser in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer is possibly safe and may have an anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Run Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyou Lin
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Taniguchi Y, Matsuzaki E, Daigo Y, Tsutsumi T, Fukuoka H, Kakura K, Egashira K, Takahashi K, Kido H. Space-making effect for new bone formation by suppressing scar contraction of mucosal epithelium of rat tooth extraction wound using diode laser and CO2 laser treatment. J Dent Sci 2021; 17:1001-1008. [PMID: 35756813 PMCID: PMC9201634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose As an extraction wound closes, the mucosal epithelium of the tooth extraction wound impedes the space for new bone formation by invading into the extraction socket. Thus, the height of the alveolar crest decreases, causing significant depression of the alveolar mucosa. In this study, we created a rat tooth extraction model and examined the effects of laser irradiation by CO2 and diode on the dynamics of myofibroblast expression through α-SMA, and TGF-β1. Materials and methods After tooth extraction of five-week-old male Wistar rats, they were divided into two laser treatment groups (CO2 laser or diode laser was irradiated into tooth extraction socket) and non-laser treatment group (control group). Surrounding tissues, including the extraction socket, were removed at 3, 5, 7, and 21 days after tooth extraction and the expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 was verified using immunohistological techniques (6 animals in each group and each period, 72 animals in total). Results α-SMA-positive cells and TGF-β1-positive areas were significantly lower in the two laser treatment groups than in the control group. Particularly, the diode group almost had no TGF-β1-positive areas on the 21st day when healing after tooth extraction was deemed to be completed. Conclusion Both CO2 and diode laser irradiation of tooth extraction wounds decreases α-SMA-positive cells and TGF-β1-positive areas. Further, it causes a decrease in myofibroblast expression and suppresses the invasion of mucosal epithelium into the extraction socket. Therefore, laser irradiation may exert a space-making effect for new bone formation and also contribute to socket preservation.
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Effects of 445 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm Laser Irradiation on the Dermal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111605. [PMID: 34769035 PMCID: PMC8584201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The invention of non-ionizing emission devices revolutionized science, medicine, industry, and the military. Currently, different laser systems are commonly used, generating the potential threat of excessive radiation exposure, which can lead to adverse health effects. Skin is the organ most exposed to laser irradiation; therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of 445 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm non-ionizing irradiation on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Methods: Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to a different fluency of 445 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm laser irradiation. In addition, viability, type of cell death, cell cycle distribution, and proliferation rates were investigated. Results: The 445 nm irradiation was cytotoxic to BJ-5ta (≥58.7 J/cm2) but not to Ker-CT cells. Exposure influenced the cell cycle distribution of Ker-CT (≥61.2 J/cm2) and BJ-5ta (≥27.6 J/cm2) cells, as well as the Bj-5ta proliferation rate (≥50.5 J/cm2). The 520 nm irradiation was cytotoxic to BJ-5ta (≥468.4 J/cm2) and Ker-CT (≥385.7 J/cm2) cells. Cell cycle distribution (≥27.6 J/cm2) of Ker-CT cells was also affected. The 638 nm irradiation was cytotoxic to BJ-5ta and Ker-CT cells (≥151.5 J/cm2). The proliferation rate and cell cycle distribution of BJ-5ta (≥192.9 J/cm2) and Ker-CT (13.8 and 41.3 J/cm2) cells were also affected. Conclusions: At high fluences, 455 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm irradiation, representing blue, green, and red light spectra, are hazardous to keratinocytes and fibroblasts. However, laser irradiation may benefit the cells at low fluences by modulating the cell cycle and proliferation rate.
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Pereira JA, Polaquini CR, Dos Santos V, Caiaffa KS, Rabelo RL, Theodoro RDS, Theodoro LH, Regasini LO, Duque C. Antibiofilm and cytotoxic effect of 3,3'-dihydroxycurcumin (DHC) as photosensitizer agent in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for endodontic purposes. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102534. [PMID: 34520879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcuminoids have been designed not only to improve chemical and metabolic stability of curcumin (CUR), but also to increase its antimicrobial activity, without effecting its ability as photosensitizer agent in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with light emitting diode (LED). This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of curcumin analog DHC (or 3,3'-dihydroxycurcumin), submitted or not to LED irradiation, on microorganisms of endodontic importance and its influence on fibroblasts viability. METHODS DHC was synthetized by modified Pablon's methodology and the experiments were conducted under irradiation or not with indium gallium nitride-based LED (440-480nm, 100 mW/cm2, 0.78 cm2,60 s). The antimicrobial activity of CUR and DHC were determined by the Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the effect of both compounds on fibroblast viability was tested using colorimetric assays. They were also evaluated on 72h and 7days single-species biofilms and on 14 days multispecies biofilms formed inside dentin tubules by bacterial colonies counts and confocal microscopy, respectively. Data were analyzed statistically considering p<0.05. RESULTS DHC had bactericidal effect against all bacteria tested higher than CUR, in planktonic conditions. CUR and DHC (at 39 and 19 μg/mL, respectively) were cytocompatible and LED irradiation reduced fibroblast viability, regardless of compound. CUR and DHC reduced the growth of single-species biofilms and the effect of aPDT was bacteria dependent. DHC reduced more than 70% of microorganisms from multispecies biofilms, superior to CUR effect. CONCLUSIONS DHC showed low cytotoxicity and antibiofilm effect similar to curcumin, when submitted or not to aPDT, and could be further explored as a bioactive compound for endodontic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Augusto Pereira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Polaquini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - VanessaRodrigues Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Laruzo Rabelo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Dos Santos Theodoro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Helena Theodoro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luis Octavio Regasini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Duque
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hsu TJ, Nepali K, Tsai CH, Imtiyaz Z, Lin FL, Hsiao G, Lai MJ, Cheng YW. The HDAC/HSP90 Inhibitor G570 Attenuated Blue Light-Induced Cell Migration in RPE Cells and Neovascularization in Mice through Decreased VEGF Production. Molecules 2021; 26:4359. [PMID: 34299636 PMCID: PMC8305912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) occurs due to an abnormality of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells that leads to gradual degeneration of the macula. Currently, AMD drug pipelines are endowed with limited options, and anti-VEGF agents stand as the dominantly employed therapy. Despite the proven efficacy of such agents, the evidenced side effects associated with their use underscore the need to elucidate other mechanisms involved and identify additional molecular targets for the sake of therapy improvement. The previous literature provided us with a solid rationale to preliminarily explore the potential of selective HDAC6 and HSP90 inhibitors to treat wet AMD. Rather than furnishing single-target agents (either HDAC6 or HSP90 inhibitor), this study recruited scaffolds endowed with the ability to concomitantly modulate both targets (HDAC6 and HSP90) for exploration. This plan was anticipated to accomplish the important goal of extracting amplified benefits via dual inhibition (HDAC6/HSP90) in wet AMD. As a result, G570 (indoline-based hydroxamate), a dual selective HDAC6-HSP90 inhibitor exerting its effects at micromolar concentrations, was pinpointed in the present endeavor to attenuate blue light-induced cell migration and retinal neovascularization by inhibiting VEGF production. In addition to the identification of a potential chemical tool (G570), the outcome of this study validates the candidate HDAC6-HSP90 as a compelling target for the development of futuristic therapeutics for wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ju Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (K.N.); (C.-H.T.); (Z.I.)
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (K.N.); (C.-H.T.); (Z.I.)
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (K.N.); (C.-H.T.); (Z.I.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zuha Imtiyaz
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (K.N.); (C.-H.T.); (Z.I.)
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (G.H.)
| | - George Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (K.N.); (C.-H.T.); (Z.I.)
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan
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de Brito Sousa K, de Fátima Teixeira da Silva D, Rodrigues MFSD, Garcia MP, de Oliveira Rodini C, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Hamblin MR, Bussadori SK, Nunes FD, Fernandes KPS. Effects of the phenotypic polarization state of human leukocytes on the optical absorbance spectrum. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000487. [PMID: 33638279 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the optical absorbance spectrum of human monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes polarized, or not, to the inflammatory or immunoregulatory phenotypes. Peripheral human blood leukocytes were isolated and polarized (10 ng/mL) with LPS or IL-4 + LPS for 2 hours. After polarization, cells were washed and incubated for an additional 24 hours (monocytes and lymphocytes) or 12 hours (neutrophils). Next, cells were collected to evaluate the optical absorbance spectrum. The three types of leukocytes exhibited absorbance in the region from 450 to 900 nm, with greater absorbance at wavelengths lower than 570 nm. Lymphocytes had a second region of greater absorbance between 770 and 900 nm. Inflammatory monocytes and lymphocytes showed increased absorbance of blue, green and yellow wavelengths (monocytes), as well as red and infrared wavelengths (monocytes and lymphocytes). Immunoregulatory polarization altered the absorbance of monocytes and lymphocytes very little. Neutrophils treated with LPS or LPS + IL-4 exhibited lower absorbance at wavelengths higher than 575 nm compared to untreated cells. The present findings showed that leukocytes exhibit greater absorbance in regions of the spectrum that have not been much used in photobiomodulation (PBM), and the polarization of these cells can affect their capacity to absorb light. Taken together, these results suggest new perspectives in the use of PBM in the clinical setting depending on the wavelengths and the stage of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaline de Brito Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mónica Pereira Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Oliveira Rodini
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Violet-blue light exposure of the skin: is there need for protection? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:615-625. [PMID: 33893982 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advocates of skin protection against blue light express concern about exposure to indoor lighting and electronic screens as well as natural outdoor exposure. However, the nature of adverse effects in skin is unclear and the doses to induce effects are unknown. We aimed to reveal whether there is a scientific basis for promoting skin protection against violet-blue light (400-500 nm, VBL). Based on published literature, we determined the time to reach a threshold dose that induced a biological response in human skin. In the absence of an action spectrum for effects on skin, we used a hand held probe with a defined spectral response and measurements of the unweighted exposure between 400 and 500 nm to estimate the exposure by a selection of artificial light sources and solar light. For comparison, an outdoor threshold erythemally weighted UV dose was set to 1 SED (standard erythema dose). Outdoor, weighted irradiances were obtained using a radiative transfer model. Induction of pigmentation in human skin tissue was the only consistently reported endpoint after VBL exposure of about 65 Jcm-2. This threshold dose was reached in 0.5 to 20 months of exposure to indoor lighting sources. In comparison, specialised medical sources reached this dose in 0.5 min to 45 h. The time outdoors to reach 1 SED was shorter than the time to reach a VBL threshold dose throughout all seasons. Skin protection against VBL is superfluous for exposures to domestic lighting sources or screens and for solar radiation; however, it may be advantageous for patients suffering from photosensitive diseases or taking photosensitising medication.
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21
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Uemura M, Sugimoto M, Yoshikawa Y, Hiramatsu T, Inoue T. Monophasic Pulsed Current Stimulation of Duty Cycle 10% Promotes Differentiation of Human Dermal Fibroblasts into Myofibroblasts. Phys Ther Res 2021; 24:145-152. [PMID: 34532210 PMCID: PMC8419484 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.e10064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many clinical trials have shown the therapeutic effects of electrical stimulation (ES) in various conditions. Our previous studies showed that ES (200 μA and 2 Hz) promotes migration and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). However, the effective duty cycle and the effect of ES on myofibroblast differentiation are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between duty cycle and myofibroblast differentiation. METHODS HDFs were subjected to ES (200 μA and 2 Hz) for 24 h with the duty cycle adapted at 0% (control), 10%, 50%, or 90%. α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 mRNA and α-SMA protein expressions were assessed. Collagen gel contraction was observed for 48 h after ES initiation and the gel area was measured. Cell viability and pH of culture medium were analyzed for cytotoxicity of the ES. RESULTS Cell viabilities were decreased in the 50% and the 90% groups but ES did not influence on pH of culture media. ES with a duty cycle of 10% significantly promoted the mRNA expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1. α-SMA protein expression in the 10% group was also significantly higher than that of the control group. Collagen gel subjected to ES with a duty cycle of 10% was contracted. CONCLUSION Duty cycle can influence on myofibroblast differentiation and ES with a duty cycle 10% is the effective for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Uemura
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation, Naragakuen University, Japan
| | | | - Taketo Inoue
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan
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22
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Wu Y, Zhu T, Yang Y, Gao H, Shu C, Chen Q, Yang J, Luo X, Wang Y. Irradiation with red light-emitting diode enhances proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1535-1543. [PMID: 33719020 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-energy red light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). PDLSCs were derived from human periodontal ligament tissues of premolars and were irradiated with 0 (control group), 1, 3, or 5 J/cm2 red LED in osteogenic induction medium. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation activity was evaluated by monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. Osteoblast-associated proteins (Runx2, OCN, OPN, and BSP) were detected using western blotting. The results of the MTT assay indicated that PDLSCs in the irradiation groups exhibited a higher proliferation rate than those in the control group (P < 0.05). ALP results showed that after 7 days of illumination, only 5 J/cm2 promoted the expression of ALP of PDLSCs. However, after 14 days of illumination, the irradiation treatments did not increase ALP activity. The results of alizarin red staining showed that red LED promoted osteogenic differentiation of the PDLSCs. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results demonstrated that red LED upregulated the expression levels of osteogenic genes. Expression of the proteins BSP, OPN, OCN, and Runx2 in the irradiation groups was higher than that in the control group. Our results confirmed that low-energy red LED at 1, 3, and 5 J/cm2 promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China.,West China-Guang'an Hospital, Sichuan University, Guang'an, 638550, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yan Tai, 264000, China
| | - Yaoyao Yang
- Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zun Yi, 563000, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yan Tai, 264000, China
| | - Chunxia Shu
- Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China.
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23
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Cios A, Ciepielak M, Szymański Ł, Lewicka A, Cierniak S, Stankiewicz W, Mendrycka M, Lewicki S. Effect of Different Wavelengths of Laser Irradiation on the Skin Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052437. [PMID: 33670977 PMCID: PMC7957604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The invention of systems enabling the emission of waves of a certain length and intensity has revolutionized many areas of life, including medicine. Currently, the use of devices emitting laser light is not only an indispensable but also a necessary element of many diagnostic procedures. It also contributed to the development of new techniques for the treatment of diseases that are difficult to heal. The use of lasers in industry and medicine may be associated with a higher incidence of excessive radiation exposure, which can lead to injury to the body. The most exposed to laser irradiation is the skin tissue. The low dose laser irradiation is currently used for the treatment of various skin diseases. Therefore appropriate knowledge of the effects of lasers irradiation on the dermal cells’ metabolism is necessary. Here we present current knowledge on the clinical and molecular effects of irradiation of different wavelengths of light (ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, red, and infrared (IR) on the dermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Cios
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (M.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Martyna Ciepielak
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (M.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Aneta Lewicka
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Szczepan Cierniak
- Department of Patomorphology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wanda Stankiewicz
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (M.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Mariola Mendrycka
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
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Austin E, Geisler AN, Nguyen J, Kohli I, Hamzavi I, Lim HW, Jagdeo J. Visible light. Part I: Properties and cutaneous effects of visible light. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84:1219-1231. [PMID: 33640508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is visible light (400-700 nm). Other sources of visible light include lasers, light-emitting diodes, and flash lamps. Photons from visible light are absorbed by photoreceptive chromophores (e.g., melanin, heme, and opsins), altering skin function by activating and imparting energy to chromophores. Additionally, visible light can penetrate the full thickness of the skin and induce pigmentation and erythema. Clinically, lasers and light devices are used to treat skin conditions by utilizing specific wavelengths and treatment parameters. Red and blue light from light-emitting diodes and intense pulsed light have been studied as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments for acne. Pulsed dye lasers are used to treat vascular lesions in adults and infants. Further research is necessary to determine the functional significance of visible light on skin health without confounding the influence of ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York.
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Experimental Study on Blue Light Interaction with Human Keloid-Derived Fibroblasts. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120573. [PMID: 33291338 PMCID: PMC7762279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids are an exuberant response to wound healing, characterized by an exaggerated synthesis of collagen, probably due to the increase of fibroblasts activity and to the reduction of their apoptosis rate: currently no standard treatments or pharmacological therapies are able to prevent keloid recurrence. To reach this goal, in recent years some physical treatments have been proposed, and among them the PhotoBioModulation therapy (PBM). This work analyses the effects of a blue LED light irradiation (410-430 nm, 0.69 W/cm2 power density) on human fibroblasts, isolated from both keloids and perilesional tissues. Different light doses (3.43-6.87-13.7-20.6-30.9 and 41.2 J/cm2) were tested. Biochemical assays and specific staining were used to assess cell metabolism, proliferation and viability. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to explore direct effects of the blue LED light on the Cytochrome C (Cyt C) oxidase. We also investigated the effects of the irradiation on ionic membrane currents by patch-clamp recordings. Our results showed that the blue LED light can modulate cell metabolism and proliferation, with a dose-dependent behavior and that these effects persist at least till 48 h after treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the highest fluence value can reduce cell viability 24 h after irradiation in keloid-derived fibroblasts, while the same effect is observed 48 h after treatment in perilesional fibroblasts. Electrophysiological recordings showed that the medium dose (20.6 J/cm2) of blue LED light induces an enhancement of voltage-dependent outward currents elicited by a depolarizing ramp protocol. Overall, these data demonstrate the potentials that PBM shows as an innovative and minimally-invasive approach in the management of hypertrophic scars and keloids, in association with current treatments.
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In Vitro Evidences of Different Fibroblast Morpho-Functional Responses to Red, Near-Infrared and Violet-Blue Photobiomodulation: Clues for Addressing Wound Healing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although photobiomodulation (PBM) has proven promising to treat wounds, the lack of univocal guidelines and of a thorough understanding of light–tissue interactions hampers its mainstream adoption for wound healing promotion. This study compared murine and human fibroblast responses to PBM by red (635 ± 5 nm), near-infrared (NIR, 808 ± 1 nm), and violet-blue (405 ± 5 nm) light (0.4 J/cm2 energy density, 13 mW/cm2 power density). Cell viability was not altered by PBM treatments. Light and confocal laser scanning microscopy and biochemical analyses showed, in red PBM irradiated cells: F-actin assembly reduction, up-regulated expression of Ki67 proliferation marker and of vinculin in focal adhesions, type-1 collagen down-regulation, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 expression/functionality increase concomitant to their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) decrease. Violet-blue and even more NIR PBM stimulated collagen expression/deposition and, likely, cell differentiation towards (proto)myofibroblast phenotype. Indeed, these cells exhibited a higher polygonal surface area, stress fiber-like structures, increased vinculin- and phospho-focal adhesion kinase-rich clusters and α-smooth muscle actin. This study may provide the experimental groundwork to support red, NIR, and violet-blue PBM as potential options to promote proliferative and matrix remodeling/maturation phases of wound healing, targeting fibroblasts, and to suggest the use of combined PBM treatments in the wound management setting.
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Suh S, Choi EH, Atanaskova Mesinkovska N. The expression of opsins in the human skin and its implications for photobiomodulation: A Systematic Review. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 36:329-338. [PMID: 32431001 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin is the organ most extensively exposed to light of a broad range of wavelengths. Several studies have reported that skin expresses photoreceptive molecules called opsins. However, the identity and functional role of opsins in the human skin remain elusive. We aim to summarize current scientific evidence on the types of opsins expressed in the skin and their biological functions. METHODS A primary literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify articles on dermal opsins found in nonhuman animals and humans. RESULTS Twenty-two articles, representing, however, a non-exhaustive selection of the scientific papers published in this specific field, met the inclusion criteria. In nonhuman animals, opsins and opsin-like structures have been detected in the skin of fruit fly, zebrafish, frog, octopus, sea urchin, hogfish, and mouse, and they mediate skin color change, light avoidance, shadow reflex, and circadian photoentrainment. In humans, opsins are present in various skin cell types, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and hair follicle cells. They have been shown to mediate wound healing, melanogenesis, hair growth, and skin photoaging. CONCLUSION Dermal opsins have been identified across many nonhuman animals and humans. Current evidence suggests that opsins have biological significance beyond light reception. In nonhuman animals, opsins are involved in behaviors that are critical for survival. In humans, opsins are involved in various functions of the skin although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Future investigation on elucidating the mechanism of dermal opsins will be crucial to expand the therapeutic benefits of photobiomodulation for various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Suh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Elliot H Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Tam M, Arany PR, Robijns J, Vasconcelos R, Corby P, Hu K. Photobiomodulation Therapy to Mitigate Radiation Fibrosis Syndrome. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:355-363. [PMID: 32460618 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We evaluated the role of photobiomodulation (PBM) in radiation fibrosis syndrome (RFS). Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is an important treatment utilized in over half of newly diagnosed cancers. Despite its benefits, patients treated with RT may experience acute and chronic significant side effects depending on both treatment- and patient-related factors. RFS is an important long-term side effect of RT, which can adversely impact patient's quality of life and organ function. With improved oncologic outcomes and survival for cancer patients after radiation, there is an unmet need to address long-term side effects of RT, particularly RFS. Results: Photobiomodulation (PBM) using low energy, nonionizing light primarily in the visible (especially red) or near-infrared spectrum has been demonstrated to decrease acute side effects of radiation in rigorously conducted phase III randomized studies; however, its potential benefit in ameliorating chronic radiation side effects, particularly RFS remains to be investigated. Conclusions: This review summarizes the in vitro data, preclinical animal studies and clinical reports, which showcase the potential benefits of PBM treatments in preventing and reversing RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Tam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Praveen R Arany
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jolien Robijns
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Rebeca Vasconcelos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patricia Corby
- Associate Dean for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Theodoro V, de Oliveira Fujii L, Lucke LD, Bortolazzo FO, Silva DFD, Carneiro GD, do Amaral MEC, de Oliveira CA, de Andrade TAM, Bombeiro AL, Vicente CP, do Bomfim FRC, de Oliveira ALR, Bagnato VS, Esquisatto MAM, Mendonça FAS, Dos Santos GMT, de Aro AA. Inhibitory effect of red LED irradiation on fibroblasts and co-culture of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03882. [PMID: 32426535 PMCID: PMC7226671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of red Light Emiting Diode (red LED) irradiation on fibroblasts in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) co-culture on the scratch assay. We hypothesized that red LED irradiation could stimulate paracrine secretion of ASC, contributing to the activation of genes and molecules involved in cell migration and tissue repair. ASC were co-cultured with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts through direct contact and subjected to red LED irradiation (1.45 J/cm2/5min6s) after the scratch assay, during 4 days. Four groups were established: fibroblasts (F), fibroblasts + LED (FL), fibroblasts + ASC (FC) and fibroblasts + LED + ASC (FLC). The analyzes were based on Ctgf and Reck expression, quantification of collagen types I and III, tenomodulin, VEGF, TGF-β1, MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as viability analysis and cell migration. Higher Ctgf expression was observed in FC compared to F. Group FC presented higher amount of tenomodulin and VEGF in relation to the other groups. In the cell migration analysis, a higher number of cells was observed in the scratched area of the FC group on the 4th day. There were no differences between groups considering cell viability, Reck expression, amount of collagen types I and III, MMP-2 and TGF-β1, whereas TGF-β1 was not detected in the FC group and the MMP-9 in none of the groups. Our hypothesis was not supported by the results because the red LED irradiation decreased the healing response of ASC. An inhibitory effect of the LED irradiation associated with ASC co-culture was observed with reduction of the amount of TGF-β1, VEGF and tenomodulin, possibly involved in the reduced cell migration. In turn, the ASC alone seem to have modulated fibroblast behavior by increasing Ctgf, VEGF and tenomodulin, leading to greater cell migration. In conclusion, red LED and ASC therapy can have independent effects on fibroblast wound healing, but the combination of both does not have a synergistic effect. Therefore, future studies with other parameters of red LED associated with ASC should be tested aiming clinical application for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Theodoro
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation / FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Fujii
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation / FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Dudri Lucke
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oriani Bortolazzo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giane Daniela Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Andréa de Oliveira
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation / FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Luis Bombeiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pontes Vicente
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gláucia Maria Tech Dos Santos
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation / FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Aparecida de Aro
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation / FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li W, Hu X, Lu X, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhou X, Liu M, Liu S. RNA-Seq analysis revealed the molecular mechanisms of photobiomodulation effect on human fibroblasts. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 36:299-307. [PMID: 32187726 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The photobiomodulation (PBM) effect has been applied to various clinical therapy for a long time. However, the mechanism related to the PBM effect in terms of wavelengths has been lack of in-depth study, except that ultraviolet radiation has attracted much attention due to its strong cell-killing effect. PURPOSE To clarify the principle behind PBM and the main mechanism of improvement. METHODS To carry on this study, we created light equipment using three LED chips, which emit 390 nm ultraviolet radiation, 415 nm blue light and 660 nm red light, respectively. We choose human fibroblasts (HF) to be irradiated by three different wavelengths for PBM test. In this study, we used cell counting kit (CCK-8) test to show the cell proliferation roughly and reported on a systematic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis at transcriptional expression levels from HF, which accepted PBM of different wavelengths of light. RESULTS We found that 415 nm blue light inhibited cell proliferation and 660 nm red light stimulated cell proliferation while 390 nm ultraviolet radiation has little influence on cell proliferation. Furthermore, RNA-seq results showed that CSF1R, PPP3CC, ITGAL, ITGAM, IL2RB, and several other differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in the cell proliferation. Relative DEGs values for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) gene family have shown a great difference in blue and red light radiation especially on MMP25, MMP9, MMP21, and MMP13. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results provide a valuable resource to describe the variation of HFs under PBM of different light at gene level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Li
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Lighting Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Hu
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Lighting Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeqing Chen
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Lighting Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Lighting Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Lighting Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chang LY, Fan SMY, Liao YC, Wang WH, Chen YJ, Lin SJ. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Anti-Fibrotic Effects of Blue Light Photobiomodulation on Fibroblasts. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:358-372. [PMID: 31321797 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at determining the effects of blue light photobiomodulation on primary adult mouse dermal fibroblasts (AMDFs) and the associated signaling pathways. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured AMDFs from adult C57BL/6 mice were irradiated by blue light from a light-emitting diode (wavelength = 463 ± 50 nm; irradiance = 5 mW/cm2 ; energy density = 4-8 J/cm2 ). The cells were analyzed using mass spectrometry for proteomics/phosphoproteomics, AlamarBlue assay for mitochondrial activity, time-lapse video for cell migration, quantitative polymerase chain reaction for gene expression, and immunofluorescence for protein expression. RESULTS Proteomic/phosphoproteomic analysis showed inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases/mammalian target of rapamycin and casein kinase 2 pathways, cell motility-related networks, and multiple metabolic processes, including carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acid, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Functional analysis demonstrated inhibition of mitochondrial activities, cell migration, and mitosis. Expression of growth promoting insulin-like growth factor 1 and fibrosis-related genes, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and collagen type 1 ɑ2 chain diminished. Protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin, an important regulator of myofibroblast functions, was also suppressed. CONCLUSIONS Low-level blue light exerted suppressive effects on AMDFs, including suppression of mitochondrial activity, metabolism, cell motility, proliferation, TGFβ1 levels, and collagen I production. Low-level blue light can be a potential treatment for the prevention and reduction of tissue fibrosis, such as hypertrophic scar and keloids. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lo-Yu Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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32
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Garza ZCF, Born M, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW, Liebmann J. Visible Blue Light Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5564-5577. [PMID: 28748760 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170727112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visible light is absorbed by photoacceptors in pigmented and non-pigmented mammalian cells, activating signaling cascades and downstream mechanisms that lead to the modulation of cellular processes. Most studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of UV and the red to near infrared regions of the visible spectrum. Considerably less effort has been dedicated to the blue, UV-free part of the spectrum. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discuss the current advances in the understanding of the molecular photoacceptors, signaling mechanisms, and corresponding therapeutic opportunities of blue light photoreception in non-visual mammalian cells in the context of inflammatory skin conditions. METHODS The literature was scanned for peer-reviewed articles focusing on the molecular mechanisms, cellular effects, and therapeutic applications of blue light. RESULTS At a molecular level, blue light is absorbed by flavins, porphyrins, nitrosated proteins, and opsins; inducing the generation of ROS, nitric oxide release, and the activation of G protein coupled signaling. Limited and contrasting results have been reported on the cellular effects of blue light induced signaling. Some investigations describe a regulation of proliferation and differentiation or a modulation of inflammatory parameters; others show growth inhibition and apoptosis. Regardless of the elusive underlying mechanism, clinical studies show that blue light is beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. CONCLUSION To strengthen the use of blue light for therapeutic purposes, further in depth studies are clearly needed with regard to its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms, and their translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Félix Garza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - M Born
- Philips GmbH, Innovative Technologies, Aachen, Germany
| | - P A J Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - N A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J Liebmann
- Philips GmbH, Innovative Technologies, Aachen, Germany
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High-Fluence Light-Emitting Diode–Generated Red Light Modulates the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Pathway in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Dermatol Surg 2018; 44:1317-1322. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Effect of blue LED on the healing process of third-degree skin burns: clinical and histological evaluation. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:721-728. [PMID: 30276489 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of blue light-emitting diode (LED) on the healing process of third-degree skin burns in rats through clinical and histological parameters. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control (CTR) (n = 20) and blue LED (BLUE) (n = 20), with subgroups (n = 5) for each time of euthanasia (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). LED (470 nm, 1 W, 12.5 J/cm2 per point, 28 s) was applied at four points of the wound (total, 50 J/cm2). Feed intake was measured every other day. It was observed that there were no statistically significant differences in the Wound Retention Index (WRI) of the BLUE group in relation to CTR group (p > 0.05) at the evaluation times. After 14, 21, and 28 days, it was observed that the animals in the BLUE group consumed more feed than animals in the CTR group (p < 0.05). At 7 days, there was a statistically significant increase in the angiogenic index (AI) in BLUE (median: 6.2) when compared to CTR (median: 2.4) (p = 0.01) and all animals in BLUE had already started re-epithelialization. This study suggests that blue LED, at the dosimetry used, positively contributed in important and initial stages of the healing process of third-degree skin burns.
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Yan G, Zhang L, Feng C, Gong R, Idiiatullina E, Huang Q, He M, Guo S, Yang F, Li Y, Ding F, Ma W, Pavlov V, Han Z, Wang Z, Xu C, Cai B, Yuan Y, Yang L. Blue light emitting diodes irradiation causes cell death in colorectal cancer by inducing ROS production and DNA damage. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 103:81-88. [PMID: 30125666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gege Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Rui Gong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Elina Idiiatullina
- Central Laboratory of Scientific Research, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Qihe Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingyu He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fengzhi Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Zhenbo Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Castellano-Pellicena I, Uzunbajakava NE, Mignon C, Raafs B, Botchkarev VA, Thornton MJ. Does blue light restore human epidermal barrier function via activation of Opsin during cutaneous wound healing? Lasers Surg Med 2018; 51:370-382. [PMID: 30168605 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Visible light has beneficial effects on cutaneous wound healing, but the role of potential photoreceptors in human skin is unknown. In addition, inconsistency in the parameters of blue and red light-based therapies for skin conditions makes interpretation difficult. Red light can activate cytochrome c oxidase and has been proposed as a wound healing therapy. UV-blue light can activate Opsin 1-SW, Opsin 2, Opsin 3, Opsin 4, and Opsin 5 receptors, triggering biological responses, but their role in human skin physiology is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Localization of Opsins was analyzed in situ in human skin derived from face and abdomen by immunohistochemistry. An ex vivo human skin wound healing model was established and expression of Opsins confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The rate of wound closure was quantitated after irradiation with blue and red light and mRNA was extracted from the regenerating epithelial tongue by laser micro-dissection to detect changes in Opsin 3 (OPN3) expression. Retention of the expression of Opsins in primary cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts was confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Modulation of metabolic activity by visible light was studied. Furthermore, migration in a scratch-wound assay, DNA synthesis and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes was established following irradiation with blue light. A role for OPN3 in keratinocytes was investigated by gene silencing. RESULTS Opsin receptors (OPN1-SW, 3 and 5) were similarly localized in the epidermis of human facial and abdominal skin in situ. Corresponding expression was confirmed in the regenerating epithelial tongue of ex vivo wounds after 2 days in culture, and irradiation with blue light stimulated wound closure, with a corresponding increase in OPN3 expression. Expression of Opsins was retained in primary cultures of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Both blue and red light stimulated the metabolic activity of cultured keratinocytes. Low levels of blue light reduced DNA synthesis and stimulated differentiation of keratinocytes. While low levels of blue light did not alter keratinocyte migration in a scratch wound assay, higher levels inhibited migration. Gene silencing of OPN3 in keratinocytes was effective (87% reduction). The rate of DNA synthesis in OPN3 knockdown keratinocytes did not change following irradiation with blue light, however, the level of differentiation was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Opsins are expressed in the epidermis and dermis of human skin and in the newly regenerating epidermis following wounding. An increase in OPN3 expression in the epithelial tongue may be a potential mechanism for the stimulation of wound closure by blue light. Since keratinocytes and fibroblasts retain their expression of Opsins in culture, they provide a good model to investigate the mechanism of blue light in wound healing responses. Knockdown of OPN3 led to a reduction in early differentiation of keratinocytes following irradiation with blue light, suggesting OPN3 is required for restoration of the barrier function. Understanding the function and relationship of different photoreceptors and their response to specific light parameters will lead to the development of reliable light-based therapies for cutaneous wound healing. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Castellano-Pellicena
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Charles Mignon
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Raafs
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir A Botchkarev
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - M Julie Thornton
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
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Hughes M, Moore T, Manning J, Wilkinson J, Watson S, Samraj P, Dinsdale G, Roberts C, Rhodes LE, Herrick AL, Murray A. A feasibility study of a novel low-level light therapy for digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2018; 30:251-257. [PMID: 29862855 PMCID: PMC6484448 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1484875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Locally acting, well-tolerated treatments for systemic sclerosis (SSc) digital ulcers (DUs) are needed. Objectives: Our primary aim was to investigate the safety, feasibility, and tolerability of a novel low-level light therapy (LTTT). A secondary aim was to tentatively assess efficacy. Methods: A custom-built device comprising infrared (850 nm), red (660 nm), and violet (405 nm) LEDs was utilized. DUs were irradiated with 10 J/cm2 twice weekly for 3 weeks, with follow-up at weeks 4 and 8. Any safety concerns were documented. Patient opinion on time to deliver, feasibility, and pain visual analogue score (VAS; 0–100, 100 most severe) was collected. Patient and clinician DU global assessment VAS were documented. DUs were evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging pre- and post-irradiation. Results: In all, 14 DUs in eight patients received a total of 46 light exposures, with no safety concerns. All patients considered LTTT ‘took just the right amount of time’ and was ‘feasible’, with a low associated mean pain VAS of 1.6 (SD: 5.2). Patient and clinician global DC VAS improved during the study (mean change: –7.1 and –5.2, respectively, both p < .001). DU perfusion significantly increased post-irradiation. Conclusions: LTTT for DUs is safe, feasible, and well tolerated. There was an early tentative suggestion of treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hughes
- a Centre for Musculoskeletal Research , The University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK
| | - T Moore
- b Department of Rheumatology , Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust , Salford , UK
| | - J Manning
- b Department of Rheumatology , Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust , Salford , UK
| | - J Wilkinson
- c Research and Development , Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust , Salford , UK
| | - S Watson
- d Medical Physics Department and University of Manchester , Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - P Samraj
- e Medical Physics Department , Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - G Dinsdale
- a Centre for Musculoskeletal Research , The University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK
| | - C Roberts
- f Centre for Biostatistics , Institute of Population Health, School of Medicine, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - L E Rhodes
- g Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences , The University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK
| | - A L Herrick
- a Centre for Musculoskeletal Research , The University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK.,h NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre , Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , UK
| | - A Murray
- a Centre for Musculoskeletal Research , The University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK.,i Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , UK
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Mignon C, Uzunbajakava NE, Castellano-Pellicena I, Botchkareva NV, Tobin DJ. Differential response of human dermal fibroblast subpopulations to visible and near-infrared light: Potential of photobiomodulation for addressing cutaneous conditions. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:859-882. [PMID: 29665018 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of photobiomodulation (PBM), demonstrating encouraging results for the treatment of cutaneous disorders. Confidence in this approach, however, is impaired not only by a lack of understanding of the light-triggered molecular cascades but also by the significant inconsistency in published experimental outcomes, design of the studies and applied optical parameters. This study aimed at characterizing the response of human dermal fibroblast subpopulations to visible and near-infrared (NIR) light in an attempt to identify the optical treatment parameters with high potential to address deficits in aging skin and non-healing chronic wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human reticular and papillary dermal fibroblasts (DF) were isolated from the surplus of post-surgery human facial skin. An in-house developed LED-based device was used to irradiate cell cultures using six discrete wavelengths (450, 490, 550, 590, 650, and 850 nm). Light dose-response at a standard oxygen concentration (20%) at all six wavelengths was evaluated in terms of cell metabolic activity. This was followed by an analysis of the transcriptome and procollagen I production at a protein level, where cells were cultured in conditions closer to in vivo at 2% environmental oxygen and 2% serum. Furthermore, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was accessed using real-time fluorescence confocal microscopy imaging. Here, production of ROS in the presence or absence of antioxidants, as well as the cellular localization of ROS, was evaluated. RESULTS In terms of metabolic activity, consecutive irradiation with short-wavelength light (⇐530 nm) exerted an inhibitory effect on DF, while longer wavelengths (>=590 nm) had essentially a neutral effect. Cell behavior following treatment with 450 nm was biphasic with two distinct states: inhibitory at low- to mid- dose levels (<=30 J/cm2 ), and cytotoxic at higher dose levels (>30 J/cm2 ). Cell response to blue light was accompanied by a dose-dependent release of ROS that was localized in the perinuclear area close to mitochondria, which was attenuated by an antioxidant. Overall, reticular DFs exhibited a greater sensitivity to light treatment at the level of gene expression than did papillary DFs, with more genes significantly up- or down- regulated. At the intra-cellular signaling pathway level, the up- or down- regulation of vital pathways was observed only for reticular DF, after treatment with 30 J/cm2 of blue light. At the cellular level, short visible wavelengths exerted a greater inhibitory effect on reticular DF. Several genes involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway were also affected. In addition, procollagen I production was inhibited. By contrast, 850 nm near-infrared (NIR) light (20 J/cm2 ) exerted a stimulatory metabolic effect in these cells, with no detectable intracellular ROS formation. Here too, reticular DF were more responsive than papillary DF. This stimulatory effect was only observed under in vivo-like low oxygen conditions, corresponding to normal dermal tissue oxygen levels (approximately 2%). CONCLUSION This study highlights a differential impact of light on human skin cells with upregulation of metabolic activity with NIR light, and inhibition of pro-collagen production and proliferation in response to blue light. These findings open-up new avenues for developing therapies for different cutaneous conditions (e.g., treatment of keloids and fibrosis) or differential therapy at distinct stages of wound healing. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:859-882, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mignon
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, BD71DP, Bradford, United-Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Irene Castellano-Pellicena
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, BD71DP, Bradford, United-Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Desmond J Tobin
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, BD71DP, Bradford, United-Kingdom
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Austin E, Huang A, Adar T, Wang E, Jagdeo J. Electronic device generated light increases reactive oxygen species in human fibroblasts. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:689-695. [PMID: 29399830 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our skin is constantly exposed to light from solar radiation and electronic devices, which impact skin physiology and aging. The biological altering properties of ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation on skin have been well established. There is significant scientific and public interest on the effects of electronic device generated light (EDGL) on skin. Currently, the effects of EDGL on skin are largely unknown. EDGL includes UV, visible, and infrared light from consumer electronics such as smartphones, computers, and televisions. In this study, we measured the wavelength specific irradiance from electronic devices, and irradiated fibroblasts with white EDGL to determine changes in reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. METHODS To determine the EDGL output of commonly used consumer electronic devices, we measured the irradiance from electronic devices at the manufacturers' recommended reading distances and at 1 cm. To determine the effect of EDGL on human skin cells, we irradiated AG13145 fibroblasts with EDGL for 1 hour at a distance of 1 cm and measured changes in reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. RESULTS ROS increased significantly by 81.71%, 85.79%, and 92.98% relative to control following 1 hour of white EDGL from iPhone 8+, iPhone 6, and iPad (first generation), respectively. There was a non-significant change in apoptosis following irradiation with an iPhone 8+, iPhone 6, and iPad. Total necrosis was less than 2% for all treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that short exposures of EDGL increase ROS generation, but the long-term effects associated with repeated exposures of EDGL are unknown. As electronic devices become more widely used and integrated into society globally, we anticipate greater scientific research and general public interest on the effects of visible EDGL on skin. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Austin
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Mather, California
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Amy Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Tony Adar
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Erica Wang
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Mather, California
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Mather, California
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Murray CK, Hamblin MR, Hooper DC, Dai T. Antimicrobial blue light inactivation of pathogenic microbes: State of the art. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 33-35:1-22. [PMID: 29145971 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As an innovative non-antibiotic approach, antimicrobial blue light in the spectrum of 400-470nm has demonstrated its intrinsic antimicrobial properties resulting from the presence of endogenous photosensitizing chromophores in pathogenic microbes and, subsequently, its promise as a counteracter of antibiotic resistance. Since we published our last review of antimicrobial blue light in 2012, there have been a substantial number of new studies reported in this area. Here we provide an updated overview of the findings from the new studies over the past 5 years, including the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light inactivation of different microbes, its mechanism of action, synergism of antimicrobial blue light with other angents, its effect on host cells and tissues, the potential development of resistance to antimicrobial blue light by microbes, and a novel interstitial delivery approach of antimicrobial blue light. The potential new applications of antimicrobial blue light are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Center, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center of Digital Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Clinton K Murray
- Infectious Disease Service, San Antonio Military Medical Center, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Carvalho-Costa TM, Mendes MT, da Silva MV, Rodrigues V, Bruschi Thedei GCM, Oliveira CJF, Thedei G. Light-Emitting Diode at 460 ± 20 nm Increases the Production of IL-12 and IL-6 in Murine Dendritic Cells. Photomed Laser Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tays Mendes
- Laboratory of Immunology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | | | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Geraldo Thedei
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
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Red (660 nm) or near-infrared (810 nm) photobiomodulation stimulates, while blue (415 nm), green (540 nm) light inhibits proliferation in human adipose-derived stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7781. [PMID: 28798481 PMCID: PMC5552860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that blue (415 nm) and green (540 nm) wavelengths were more effective in stimulating osteoblast differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC), compared to red (660 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 810 nm). Intracellular calcium was higher after blue/green, and could be inhibited by the ion channel blocker, capsazepine. In the present study we asked what was the effect of these four wavelengths on proliferation of the hASC? When cultured in proliferation medium there was a clear difference between blue/green which inhibited proliferation and red/NIR which stimulated proliferation, all at 3 J/cm2. Blue/green reduced cellular ATP, while red/NIR increased ATP in a biphasic manner. Blue/green produced a bigger increase in intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Blue/green reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and lowered intracellular pH, while red/NIR had the opposite effect. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel was expressed in hADSC, and the TRPV1 ligand capsaicin (5uM) stimulated proliferation, which could be abrogated by capsazepine. The inhibition of proliferation caused by blue/green could also be abrogated by capsazepine, and by the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. The data suggest that blue/green light inhibits proliferation by activating TRPV1, and increasing calcium and ROS.
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Sano M, Shang Y, Nakane A, Saito T. Salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan enhances growth of normal human dermal fibroblast through Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1379-1385. [PMID: 28463592 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1318695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycan (PG) is a heavily glycosylated protein, localized to cell surface and extracellular matrix, and has various functions. Recently, it has been gradually revealed that PG interacts with various growth factors and morphogens and regulates cellular functions. Although salmon nasal cartilage PG (Salmon-PG) increases proliferation of immortalized cells, its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed the effect of Salmon-PG on normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) and investigated the mechanism of PG action on NHDF. Salmon-PG dose- and time-dependently increased NHDF proliferation. Receptor tyrosine kinase array revealed that Salmon-PG increased only Erk1/2 signaling. Erk1/2 phosphorylation was significantly increased by Salmon-PG in a time-(10 min) and dose-(400 or 800 μg/mL) dependent manner. MEK inhibitor suppressed the enhancement of NHDF proliferation by Salmon-PG. The overall findings indicate that Salmon-PG plays a role as a growth factor in NHDF via Erk1/2 activation, suggesting that Salmon-PG contributes to the maintenance of skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sano
- a Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center , Hirosaki Industrial Research Institute , Hirosaki , Japan
| | - Yi Shang
- a Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center , Hirosaki Industrial Research Institute , Hirosaki , Japan
| | - Akio Nakane
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki , Japan
| | - Tomoaki Saito
- a Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center , Hirosaki Industrial Research Institute , Hirosaki , Japan
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Resveratrol Prevents Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Effects of Light-Emitting Diode-Generated Blue Light in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Dermatol Surg 2017; 42:727-32. [PMID: 27176863 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light-emitting diode-generated blue light (LED-BL) is part of the visible light spectrum that does not cause DNA damage and may represent a safer alternative to ultraviolet phototherapy. Previous research demonstrated that LED-BL can inhibit adult human skin fibroblast proliferation and migration speed and is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, resveratrol possesses potent intracellular antioxidative effects on ROS-free radicals in human skin fibroblasts. OBJECTIVE The authors studied the effects on migration speed as a surrogate to measure LED-BL effects on fibroblast function. The authors hypothesized that resveratrol, a potent scavenger of ROS, could prevent the effects of LED-BL on fibroblast migration speed. This would implicate ROS as the mechanistic driver of LED-BL effects on human skin fibroblasts. METHODS To demonstrate that resveratrol could prevent the effects of LED-BL (415-nm), fibroblasts were incubated with resveratrol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at concentrations of 0.001% and 0.0001% for 24 hours and then irradiated with LED-BL at fluences of 30, 45, and 80 J/cm. Postirradiation fibroblast migratory speed was assayed in an environment-controlled computer-assisted video microscopy system. Reactive oxygen species levels were measured by flow cytometric analysis of dihydrorhodamine. Statistical analyses with analysis of variance and Student t-test were performed to compare individual treatment arms and matched controls. RESULTS The experimental results demonstrate that pretreatment of skin fibroblasts with resveratrol at concentrations of 0.001% and 0.0001% prevents the effects of 30, 45, and 80 J/cm of LED-BL on fibroblast migration speed. The authors found that LED-BL at a fluences of 30, 45, and 80 J/cm significantly increased ROS, whereas pretreatment with 0.001% resveratrol significantly reduced ROS generation. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that LED-BL-induced decreases in fibroblast migration speed can be prevented by pretreating cells with resveratrol. This finding supports the hypothesis that ROS generation is the most likely driver of LED-BL-induced alterations in migration speed and suggests that ROS generation may be responsible for a number of other alterations seen after LED-BL phototherapy, such as decreases in cellular migration, cytokine levels, and myofibroblast differentiation. The authors hypothesize that their findings may result in greater understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying visible light interaction with skin and they hope dermatologists and other researchers may use these pathways for patient benefit.
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Lee HS, Jung SE, Kim SK, Kim YS, Sohn S, Kim YC. Low-Level Light Therapy with 410 nm Light Emitting Diode Suppresses Collagen Synthesis in Human Keloid Fibroblasts: An In Vitro Study. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:149-155. [PMID: 28392641 PMCID: PMC5383739 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Keloids are characterized by excessive collagen deposition in the dermis, in which transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling plays an important role. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is reported as effective in preventing keloids in clinical reports, recently. To date, studies investigating the effect of LLLT on keloid fibroblasts are extremely rare. Objective We investigated the effect of LLLT with blue (410 nm), red (630 nm), and infrared (830 nm) light on the collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts. Methods Keloid fibroblasts were isolated from keloid-revision surgery samples and irradiated using 410-, 630-, 830-nm light emitting diode twice, with a 24-hour interval at 10 J/cm2. After irradiation, cells were incubated for 24 and 48 hours and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed. Western blot analysis was also performed in 48 hours after last irradiation. The genes and proteins of collagen type I, TGF-β1, Smad3, and Smad7 were analyzed. Results We observed no statistically significant change in the viability of keloid fibroblasts after irradiation. Collagen type I was the only gene whose expression significantly decreased after irradiation at 410 nm when compared to the non-irradiated control. Western blot analysis showed that LLLT at 410 nm lowered the protein levels of collagen type I compared to the control. Conclusion LLLT at 410 nm decreased the expression of collagen type I in keloid fibroblasts and might be effective in preventing keloid formation in their initial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soo-Eun Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sue Kyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - You Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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The Combination of Resveratrol and High-Fluence Light Emitting Diode-Red Light Produces Synergistic Photobotanical Inhibition of Fibroblast Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis: A Novel Treatment for Skin Fibrosis. Dermatol Surg 2017; 43:81-86. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sunlight Effects on Immune System: Is There Something Else in addition to UV-Induced Immunosuppression? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1934518. [PMID: 28070504 PMCID: PMC5187459 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1934518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight, composed of different types of radiation, including ultraviolet wavelengths, is an essential source of light and warmth for life on earth but has strong negative effects on human health, such as promoting the malignant transformation of skin cells and suppressing the ability of the human immune system to efficiently detect and attack malignant cells. UV-induced immunosuppression has been extensively studied since it was first described by Dr. Kripke and Dr. Fisher in the late 1970s. However, skin exposure to sunlight has not only this and other unfavorable effects, for example, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, but also a positive one: the induction of Vitamin D synthesis, which performs several roles within the immune system in addition to favoring bone homeostasis. The impact of low levels of UV exposure on the immune system has not been fully reported yet, but it bears interesting differences with the suppressive effect of high levels of UV radiation, as shown by some recent studies. The aim of this article is to put some ideas in perspective and pose some questions within the field of photoimmunology based on established and new information, which may lead to new experimental approaches and, eventually, to a better understanding of the effects of sunlight on the human immune system.
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Cerdeira CD, Brigagão MRPL, de Carli ML, de Souza Ferreira C, de Oliveira Isac Moraes G, Hadad H, Hanemann JAC, Hamblin MR, Sperandio FF. Low-level laser therapy stimulates the oxidative burst in human neutrophils and increases their fungicidal capacity. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:1180-1188. [PMID: 27243910 PMCID: PMC5133186 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is known to enhance mitochondrial electron transfer and ATP production; thus, this study asked whether LLLT could stimulate the oxidative burst in human neutrophils (PMN) and improve their ability to kill microorganisms. Blood from healthy human subjects was collected and PMN were isolated from the samples. PMN were treated in vitro with 660 nm or 780 nm CW laser light at 40 mW power and increasing energies up to 19.2 J and were subsequently incubated with Candida albicans cells. Generation of hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorite anions and superoxide anions by PMN were checked using fluorescent probes and chemiluminescence assays; a microbicidal activity assay against C. albicans was also performed. LLLT excited PMN to a higher functional profile, which was translated as superior production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased fungicidal capacity. The most efficacious energy was 19.2 J and, interestingly, the 660 nm light was even more efficacious than 780 nm at increasing the respiratory burst of PMN and the fungicidal capacity. Human neutrophils (PMN) were stimulated in vitro with 660 nm or 780 nm CW laser light at 40 mW of power and a total energy of 19.2 J. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) excited PMN to a higher functional profile, which was translated as a superior production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals (HO• ) and hypochlorite anions (ClO- ) (Figure) and increased fungicidal capacity against Candida albicans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Daniel Cerdeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Lara de Carli
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia de Souza Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Oliveira Isac Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Henrique Hadad
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - João Adolfo Costa Hanemann
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Felipe Fornias Sperandio
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
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Silva VDS, Abreu EMDC, Nicolau RA, Soares CP. Comparative analysis of different doses of coherent light (laser) and non-coherent light (light-emitting diode) on cellular necrosis and apoptosis: a study in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/2446-4740.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Kelkar SS, McCabe-Lankford E, Albright R, Harrington P, Levi-Polyachenko NH. Dual wavelength stimulation of polymeric nanoparticles for photothermal therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:893-902. [PMID: 27636556 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Photothermal therapy (PTT) has several applications in the areas of wound healing, pain management, bacterial infection control, and cancer treatment dependent on the temperature that is generated. PTT is often used exclusively with near infrared (NIR) light and most nanoparticles (NP) used for PTT are designed to absorb within one narrow range of wavelengths. We have developed a dual-wavelength photothermal therapy by capitalizing on the dual absorption of nanoparticles in the blue and NIR range. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our lab has previously developed NP based on the semiconducting, conjugated polymer poly[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole-4,7-diyl] (PCPDTBSe). The NP have strong absorption in the blue and NIR regions. In this report, we have explored the heat generated by PCPDTBSe NP using simultaneous delivery of 450 and 800 nm light, either independently or together for photothermal ablation of mouse colorectal cancer cells. RESULTS The heat generation studies indicated that the use of either 450 or 800 nm wavelengths at the same fluences produced approximately the same temperature change of deionized water. Fluences of 114.6 and 229.2 J/cm2 , utilizing 450 or 800 nm light applied individually resulted in temperatures of 8-47°C above ambient temperature, leading to a 90% reduction in cell viability. Simultaneous stimulation of the PCPDTBSe NP with 450 and 800 nm light effectively doubles the effective power delivered, resulting in temperatures 18-63°C above ambient and 100% photothermal ablation of the colorectal cancer cells. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that PCPDTBSe polymer NP can be utilized as effective PTT agents by capitalizing on their dual absorption of both blue and NIR light. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:893-902, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha S Kelkar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Eleanor McCabe-Lankford
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | | | - Phil Harrington
- K-Laser USA, 1185 West Main Street, Franklin, Tennessee 37064
| | - Nicole H Levi-Polyachenko
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157.
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