1
|
Shen X, Mai R, Han X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ji T, Tong Y, Chen P, Zhao J, He X, Wen T, Liang R, Lin Y, Luo X, Cai X. BTLA deficiency promotes HSC activation and protects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0449. [PMID: 38840336 PMCID: PMC11155569 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is unavoidable even despite the development of more effective surgical approaches. During hepatic IRI, activated HSC (aHSC) are involved in liver injury and recovery. APPROACH AND RESULT A proportion of aHSC increased significantly both in the mouse liver tissues with IRI and in the primary mouse HSCs and LX-2 cells during hypoxia-reoxygenation. "Loss-of-function" experiments revealed that depleting aHSC with gliotoxin exacerbated liver damage in IRI mice. Subsequently, we found that the transcription of mRNA and the expression of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) protein were lower in aHSC compared with quiescent HSCs. Interestingly, overexpression or knockdown of BTLA resulted in opposite changes in the activation of specific markers for HSCs such as collagen type I alpha 1, α-smooth muscle actin, and Vimentin. Moreover, the upregulation of these markers was also observed in the liver tissues of global BLTA-deficient (BTLA-/-) mice and was higher after hepatic IRI. Compared with wild-type mice, aHSC were higher, and liver injury was lower in BTLA-/- mice following IRI. However, the depletion of aHSC reversed these effects. In addition, the depletion of aHSC significantly exacerbated liver damage in BTLA-/- mice with hepatic IRI. Furthermore, the TGF-β1 signaling pathway was identified as a potential mechanism for BTLA to negatively regulate the activation of HSCs in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings revealed a critical role of BTLA. Particularly, the receptor inhibits HSC-activated signaling in acute IRI, implying that it is a potential immunotherapeutic target for decreasing the IRI risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Rongyun Mai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peng Y, Yin Q, Yuan M, Chen L, Shen X, Xie W, Liu J. Role of hepatic stellate cells in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891868. [PMID: 35967364 PMCID: PMC9366147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major complication of liver trauma, resection, and transplantation. IRI may lead to liver dysfunction and failure, but effective approach to address it is still lacking. To better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver IRI, functional roles of numerous cell types, including hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, neutrophils, and sinusoidal endothelial cells, have been intensively studied. In contrast, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are well recognized by their essential functions in facilitating liver protection and repair, have gained less attention in their role in IRI. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the effects of HSCs on the injury stage of liver IRI and their associated molecular mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the regulation of liver repair and regeneration after IRI by HSCs. Finally, we highlight unanswered questions and future avenues of research regarding contributions of HSCs to IRI in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Peng
- First Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
- Zhaolong Chen Academician Workstation, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yuming Peng, ; Qiang Yin,
| | - Qiang Yin
- First Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
- Zhaolong Chen Academician Workstation, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yuming Peng, ; Qiang Yin,
| | - Miaoxian Yuan
- First Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
- Zhaolong Chen Academician Workstation, Changsha, China
| | - Lijian Chen
- First Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
- Zhaolong Chen Academician Workstation, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- First Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
- Zhaolong Chen Academician Workstation, Changsha, China
| | - Weixin Xie
- First Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
- Zhaolong Chen Academician Workstation, Changsha, China
| | - Jinqiao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mitochondrial Reprogramming—What Is the Benefit of Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion in Liver Transplantation? TRANSPLANTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/transplantology2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although machine perfusion is a hot topic today, we are just at the beginning of understanding the underlying mechanisms of protection. Recently, the first randomized controlled trial reported a significant reduction of ischemic cholangiopathies after transplantation of livers donated after circulatory death, provided the grafts were treated with an endischemic hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE). This approach has been known for more than fifty years, and was initially mainly used to preserve kidneys before implantation. Today there is an increasing interest in this and other dynamic preservation technologies and various centers have tested different approaches in clinical trials and cohort studies. Based on this, there is a need for uniform perfusion settings (perfusion route and duration), and the development of general guidelines regarding the duration of cold storage in context of the overall donor risk is also required to better compare various trial results. This article will highlight how cold perfusion protects organs mechanistically, and target such technical challenges with the perfusion setting. Finally, the options for viability testing during hypothermic perfusion will be discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cell release during perfusion reflects cold ischemic injury in rat livers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1102. [PMID: 31980677 PMCID: PMC6981218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global shortage of donor organs has made it crucial to deeply understand and better predict donor liver viability. However, biomarkers that effectively assess viability of marginal grafts for organ transplantation are currently lacking. Here, we showed that hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial, stellate, and liver-specific immune cells were released into perfusates from Lewis rat livers as a result of cold ischemia and machine perfusion. Perfusate comparison analysis of fresh livers and cold ischemic livers showed that the released cell profiles were significantly altered by the duration of cold ischemia. Our findings show for the first time that parenchymal cells are released from organs under non-proliferative pathological conditions, correlating with the degree of ischemic injury. Thus, perfusate cell profiles could serve as potential biomarkers of graft viability and indicators of specific injury mechanisms during organ handling and transplantation. Further, parenchymal cell release may have applications in other pathological conditions beyond organ transplantation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Vodovotz Y, Simmons RL, Gandhi CR, Barclay D, Jefferson BS, Huang C, Namas R, El-Dehaibi F, Mi Q, Billiar TR, Zamora R. "Thinking" vs. "Talking": Differential Autocrine Inflammatory Networks in Isolated Primary Hepatic Stellate Cells and Hepatocytes under Hypoxic Stress. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1104. [PMID: 29312006 PMCID: PMC5743931 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that isolated primary mouse hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and hepatocytes (HC) would elaborate different inflammatory responses to hypoxia with or without reoxygenation. We further hypothesized that intracellular information processing (“thinking”) differs from extracellular information transfer (“talking”) in each of these two liver cell types. Finally, we hypothesized that the complexity of these autocrine responses might only be defined in the absence of other non-parenchymal cells or trafficking leukocytes. Accordingly, we assayed 19 inflammatory mediators in the cell culture media (CCM) and whole cell lysates (WCLs) of HSC and HC during hypoxia with and without reoxygenation. We applied a unique set of statistical and data-driven modeling techniques including Two-Way ANOVA, hierarchical clustering, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Network Analysis to define the inflammatory responses of these isolated cells to stress. HSC, under hypoxic and reoxygenation stresses, both expressed and secreted larger quantities of nearly all inflammatory mediators as compared to HC. These differential responses allowed for segregation of HSC from HC by hierarchical clustering. PCA suggested, and network analysis supported, the hypothesis that above a certain threshold of cellular stress, the inflammatory response becomes focused on a limited number of functions in both HSC and HC, but with distinct characteristics in each cell type. Network analysis of separate extracellular and intracellular inflammatory responses, as well as analysis of the combined data, also suggested the presence of more complex inflammatory “talking” (but not “thinking”) networks in HSC than in HC. This combined network analysis also suggested an interplay between intracellular and extracellular mediators in HSC under more conditions than that observed in HC, though both cell types exhibited a qualitatively similar phenotype under hypoxia/reoxygenation. Our results thus suggest that a stepwise series of computational and statistical analyses may help decipher how cells respond to environmental stresses, both within the cell and in its secretory products, even in the absence of cooperation from other cells in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richard L Simmons
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Derek Barclay
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Chao Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rami Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fayten El-Dehaibi
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qi Mi
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
YE SUNYI, ZHANG CHENXI, ZHOU JIE, CHENG JUN, LV ZHEN, ZHOU LIN, XIE HAIYANG, WU JIAN, ZHENG SHUSEN. Human heat shock protein 27 exacerbates ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by reducing the number of T regulatory cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1998-2002. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
7
|
Stewart RK, Dangi A, Huang C, Murase N, Kimura S, Stolz DB, Wilson GC, Lentsch AB, Gandhi CR. A novel mouse model of depletion of stellate cells clarifies their role in ischemia/reperfusion- and endotoxin-induced acute liver injury. J Hepatol 2014; 60:298-305. [PMID: 24060854 PMCID: PMC4195246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) that express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are located between the sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes. HSCs are activated during liver injury and cause hepatic fibrosis by producing excessive extracellular matrix. HSCs also produce many growth factors, chemokines and cytokines, and thus may play an important role in acute liver injury. However, this function has not been clarified due to unavailability of a model, in which HSCs are depleted from the normal liver. METHODS We treated mice expressing HSV-thymidine kinase under the GFAP promoter (GFAP-Tg) with 3 consecutive (3 days apart) CCl4 (0.16 μl/g; ip) injections to stimulate HSCs to enter the cell cycle and proliferate. This was followed by 10-day ganciclovir (40 μg/g/day; ip) treatment, which is expected to eliminate actively proliferating HSCs. Mice were then subjected to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or endotoxin treatment. RESULTS CCl4/ganciclovir treatment caused depletion of the majority of HSCs (about 64-72%), while the liver recovered from the initial CCl4-induced injury (confirmed by histology, serum ALT and neutrophil infiltration). The magnitude of hepatic injury due to I/R or endotoxemia (determined by histopathology and serum ALT) was lower in HSC-depleted mice. Their hepatic expression of TNF-α, neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 and endothelin-A receptor also was significantly lower than the control mice. CONCLUSIONS HSCs play an important role both in I/R- and endotoxin-induced acute hepatocyte injury, with TNF-α and endothelin-1 as important mediators of these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Stewart
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Anil Dangi
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213,Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA and Cincinnati Veterans Administration, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Noriko Murase
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Shoko Kimura
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gregory C. Wilson
- Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA and Cincinnati Veterans Administration, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alex B. Lentsch
- Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA and Cincinnati Veterans Administration, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar R. Gandhi
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213,Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA and Cincinnati Veterans Administration, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ocuin LM, Zeng S, Cavnar MJ, Sorenson EC, Bamboat ZM, Greer JB, Kim TS, Popow R, DeMatteo RP. Nilotinib protects the murine liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Hepatol 2012; 57:766-73. [PMID: 22641092 PMCID: PMC3437237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, mediate liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury via cell death and inflammatory cytokine expression, respectively. Nilotinib is an orally available receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for chronic myelogenous leukemia that also has in vitro activity against JNK and p38. In this study, we examine its therapeutic potential against hepatic I/R injury. METHODS The effects of nilotinib on liver I/R injury were tested using a murine model of warm, segmental liver I/R. Serum ALT was measured and livers were analyzed by histology, RT-PCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry. The in vitro effects of nilotinib on hepatocyte and non-parenchymal cell (NPC) MAPK activation and cytokine production were also tested. RESULTS Mice receiving nilotinib had markedly lower serum ALT levels and less histologic injury and apoptosis following liver I/R. Nilotinib did not inhibit its known receptor tyrosine kinases. Nilotinib lowered intrahepatic expression of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2 and systemic levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF. Nilotinib reduced NPC activation of p38 MAPK signaling and decreased the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and their production of TNF. Nilotinib attenuated JNK phosphorylation and hepatocellular apoptosis. In vitro, nilotinib demonstrated direct inhibition of JNK activation in isolated hepatocytes cultured under hypoxic conditions, and blocked activation of p38 MAPK and cytokine production by stimulated NPCs. CONCLUSIONS Nilotinib lowers both liver JNK activation and NPC p38 MAPK activation and may be useful for ameliorating liver I/R injury in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Ocuin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu QY, Li L, Li XY, Chen G, Zhao YP, Bai JH, Zhu XF. Liver graft injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion secondary to retrograde reperfusion. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1550-1554. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i15.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the influence of retrograde reperfusion on ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model of liver transplantation.
METHODS: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing orthoptic liver transplantation were divided into three groups (n = 12 for each group): group 1, antegrade reperfusion via the portal vein; group 2, antegrade reperfusion simultaneously via the portal vein and hepatic artery; group 3: retrograde reperfusion via the vena cava. Serum parameters were determined 1, 6 and 24 h after operation. Liver samples were taken for histological assessment. Cell apoptotic index was determined.
RESULTS: Rats of group 3 showed significantly lower serum level of aspartate aminotransferase compared to groups 1 and 2 (968.4 U/L ± 221.5 U/L vs 1 801.6 U/L ± 324.5 U/L, 2 564.1 U/L ± 410.3 U/L, P = 0.003, 0.000). Serum level of aspartate aminotransferase was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. The liver of rats of group 3 showed significantly less leukocytic infiltrates compared to groups 1 and group 2. The apoptotic index was lower in group 3 than in group 1 and 2.
CONCLUSION: Retrograde reperfusion leads to a lower level of ischemia/reperfusion injury than antegrade reperfusion in rats undergoing liver transplantation.
Collapse
|