1
|
Zhang JM, Huang H, Li XQ, Li SP, Zhou LX, Song SY, Zhu ZJ. FLT3 + DC inhibits immune rejection via interaction with Treg in liver transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112289. [PMID: 38889505 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) primarily expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and dendritic cells (DCs). While FLT3 plays a critical role in the proliferation, development and maintenance of DCs, thus influencing immune responses under both normal and pathological conditions, there also exists some evidence that FLT3+DC may be involved with immune responses in liver transplantation (LT). In this study, results from single-cell sequencing data analysis revealed a clear relationship between FLT3+DCs and Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in liver tissue of LT recipients. In peripheral blood samples of LT patients, levels of FLT3+DCs were decreased post-LT-surgery, while Tregs were increased. In a LT mouse model, levels of FLT3+DCs in the liver and bone marrow exhibited an initial time-dependent decrease followed by an increase after LT surgery. Results as obtained with co-culture experiments using mature BMDCs and CD4+ T cells revealed fluctuations in Tregs in response to FLT3 inhibitors and the FLT3 ligand. These findings suggest that FLT3+DCs could emerge as a novel target for mitigating immune rejection in LT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi-Peng Li
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Liu-Xin Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhi-Jun Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luyendyk JP, Morozova E, Copple BL. Good Cells Go Bad: Immune Dysregulation in the Transition from Acute Liver Injury to Liver Failure After Acetaminophen Overdose. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:722-728. [PMID: 38050055 PMCID: PMC11257689 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammatory cells and other components of the immune system in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury and repair has been extensively investigated. Although this has resulted in a wealth of information regarding the function and regulation of immune cells in the liver after injury, apparent contradictions have fueled controversy around the central question of whether the immune system is beneficial or detrimental after APAP overdose. Ultimately, this may not be a simple assignment of "good" or "bad." Clinical studies have clearly demonstrated an association between immune dysregulation and a poor outcome in patients with severe liver damage/liver failure induced by APAP overdose. To date, studies in mice have not uniformly replicated this connection. The apparent disconnect between clinical and experimental studies has perhaps stymied progress and further complicated investigation of the immune system in APAP-induced liver injury. Mouse models are often dismissed as not recapitulating the clinical scenario. Moreover, clinical investigation is most often focused on the most severe APAP overdose patients, those with liver failure. Notably, recent studies have made it apparent that the functional role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced liver injury is highly context dependent and greatly influenced by the experimental conditions. In this review, we highlight some of these recent findings and suggest strategies seeking to resolve and build on existing disconnects in the literature. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acetaminophen overdose is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States. Studies indicate that dysregulated innate immunity contributes to the transition from acute liver injury to acute liver failure. In this review, we discuss the evidence for this and the potential underlying causes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P Luyendyk
- Departments of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (J.P.L., E.M.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.L.C.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Elena Morozova
- Departments of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (J.P.L., E.M.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.L.C.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Bryan L Copple
- Departments of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (J.P.L., E.M.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.L.C.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang M, Liu H, Huang M, Huang Y, Ming Y, Chen W, Chen Y, Tang Z, Jia B. Immunomodulatory functions of microorganisms in tissue regenerative healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:38-52. [PMID: 37816417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the immune system plays a crucial regulatory role in this process. This review summarises our current understanding of microorganism-immune system interactions, with a focus on how these interactions impact the renewal and repair ability of tissues, including skin, bone, gut, liver, and nerves. This review concludes with a discussion of the mechanisms by which microbes act on various types of immune cells to affect tissue regeneration, offers potential strategies for using microbial therapies to enhance the regenerative repair function of tissues, and suggest novel therapeutic approaches for regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microbiological communities have crucial impacts on human health and illness by participating in energy collection and storage and performing various metabolic processes. External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the immune system plays a critical regulatory role in this process. This study reviews the important correlation between microorganisms and the immune system and investigates the mechanism of various microorganism that participate in the regeneration and repair of tissues and organs by modulating immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu L, Yan J, Zhan Y, Li A, Zhu L, Qian J, Zhou F, Lu X, Fan X. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the dynamics of hepatic non-parenchymal cells in autoprotection against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:926-941. [PMID: 37719199 PMCID: PMC10499594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaining a better understanding of autoprotection against drug-induced liver injury (DILI) may provide new strategies for its prevention and therapy. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the dynamics and functions of hepatic non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) in autoprotection against DILI, using acetaminophen (APAP) as a model drug. Autoprotection was modeled through pretreatment with a mildly hepatotoxic dose of APAP in mice, followed by a higher dose in a secondary challenge. NPC subsets and dynamic changes were identified in the APAP (hepatotoxicity-sensitive) and APAP-resistant (hepatotoxicity-resistant) groups. A chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2+ endothelial cell subset almost disappeared in the APAP-resistant group, and an R-spondin 3+ endothelial cell subset promoted hepatocyte proliferation and played an important role in APAP autoprotection. Moreover, the dendritic cell subset DC-3 may protect the liver from APAP hepatotoxicity by inducing low reactivity and suppressing the autoimmune response and occurrence of inflammation. DC-3 cells also promoted angiogenesis through crosstalk with endothelial cells via vascular endothelial growth factor-associated ligand-receptor pairs and facilitated liver tissue repair in the APAP-resistant group. In addition, the natural killer cell subsets NK-3 and NK-4 and the Sca-1-CD62L+ natural killer T cell subset may promote autoprotection through interferon-γ-dependent pathways. Furthermore, macrophage and neutrophil subpopulations with anti-inflammatory phenotypes promoted tolerance to APAP hepatotoxicity. Overall, this study reveals the dynamics of NPCs in the resistance to APAP hepatotoxicity and provides novel insights into the mechanism of autoprotection against DILI at a high resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Yu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingqi Zhan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anyao Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingyang Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, China
- Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321016, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, China
- Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321016, China
- Engineering Research Center of Innovative Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150023, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Z, Luan H, Huang J, Liao B, Xiao F. Migration inhibitory factor and cluster of differentiation 74-mediated dendritic cell apoptosis exacerbates acute acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e840. [PMID: 37102665 PMCID: PMC10108683 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on dendritic cells (DC) during acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice. METHODS First, we randomly divided the mice into experimental (ALI model) and control groups, then intraperitoneally injected 600 mg/kg of APAP or phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. Then, we collected liver tissue and serum samples to evaluate liver inflammation using serum alanine aminotransferase level and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of liver tissues. Flow cytometry was used to identify changes in the quantity and percentage of DCs, as well as the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 74 and other apoptosis-related markers in the liver. Next, we randomly divided the mice into APAP-vehicles, APAP-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), APAP-MIF, APAP-IgG (isotype immunoglobin G antibody) groups (four mice per group), after APAP injection, we injected control extracts, BMDCs, mouse recombinant MIF antibodies, or IgG antibodies into the tail vein. Lastly, the severity of the liver injury and the number of DCs were assessed. RESULTS The APAP-induced ALI mice had increased hepatic MIF expression but significantly lower amounts of hepatic DCs and apoptotic DCs than healthy mice; CD74 expression on the HDCs also increased markedly. Supplementing APAP-induced ALI mice with BMDCs or MIF antibodies significantly increased the number of hepatic DCs compared with the control mice, alleviating liver damage. CONCLUSION The MIF/CD74 signaling pathway may mediate hepatic DC apoptosis and promote liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zezhou Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - He Luan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Boming Liao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Q, Chen F, Wang F. The immunological mechanisms and therapeutic potential in drug-induced liver injury: lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:187. [PMID: 36414987 PMCID: PMC9682794 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure caused by drug overdose is a significant clinical problem in developed countries. Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but its overdose can cause acute liver failure. In addition to APAP-induced direct hepatotoxicity, the intracellular signaling mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) including metabolic activation, mitochondrial oxidant stress and proinflammatory response further affect progression and severity of AILI. Liver inflammation is a result of multiple interactions of cell death molecules, immune cell-derived cytokines and chemokines, as well as damaged cell-released signals which orchestrate hepatic immune cell infiltration. The immunoregulatory interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during AILI lead to different fate of liver pathology. Thus, better understanding the complex interplay of immune cell subsets in experimental models and defining their functional involvement in disease progression are essential to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AILI. Here, this present review aims to systematically elaborate on the underlying immunological mechanisms of AILI, its relevance to immune cells and their effector molecules, and briefly discuss great therapeutic potential based on inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Li
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Feng Chen
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Fei Wang
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fodor M, Salcher S, Gottschling H, Mair A, Blumer M, Sopper S, Ebner S, Pircher A, Oberhuber R, Wolf D, Schneeberger S, Hautz T. The liver-resident immune cell repertoire - A boon or a bane during machine perfusion? Front Immunol 2022; 13:982018. [PMID: 36311746 PMCID: PMC9609784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver has been proposed as an important “immune organ” of the body, as it is critically involved in a variety of specific and unique immune tasks. It contains a huge resident immune cell repertoire, which determines the balance between tolerance and inflammation in the hepatic microenvironment. Liver-resident immune cells, populating the sinusoids and the space of Disse, include professional antigen-presenting cells, myeloid cells, as well as innate and adaptive lymphoid cell populations. Machine perfusion (MP) has emerged as an innovative technology to preserve organs ex vivo while testing for organ quality and function prior to transplantation. As for the liver, hypothermic and normothermic MP techniques have successfully been implemented in clinically routine, especially for the use of marginal donor livers. Although there is evidence that ischemia reperfusion injury-associated inflammation is reduced in machine-perfused livers, little is known whether MP impacts the quantity, activation state and function of the hepatic immune-cell repertoire, and how this affects the inflammatory milieu during MP. At this point, it remains even speculative if liver-resident immune cells primarily exert a pro-inflammatory and hence destructive effect on machine-perfused organs, or in part may be essential to induce liver regeneration and counteract liver damage. This review discusses the role of hepatic immune cell subtypes during inflammatory conditions and ischemia reperfusion injury in the context of liver transplantation. We further highlight the possible impact of MP on the modification of the immune cell repertoire and its potential for future applications and immune modulation of the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fodor
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Salcher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H. Gottschling
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A. Mair
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Blumer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Sopper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Ebner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A. Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Oberhuber
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D. Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Schneeberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Hautz
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: T. Hautz,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gama JFG, Cardoso LMDF, Bisaggio RDC, Lagrota-Candido J, Henriques-Pons A, Alves LA. Immunological Tolerance in Liver Transplant Recipients: Putative Involvement of Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152327. [PMID: 35954171 PMCID: PMC9367574 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplantation world changed significantly following the introduction of immunosuppressants, with millions of people saved. Several physicians have noted that liver recipients that do not take their medication for different reasons became tolerant regarding kidney, heart, and lung transplantations at higher frequencies. Most studies have attempted to explain this phenomenon through unique immunological mechanisms and the fact that the hepatic environment is continuously exposed to high levels of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or non-pathogenic microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) from commensal flora. These components are highly inflammatory in the periphery but tolerated in the liver as part of the normal components that arrive via the hepatic portal vein. These immunological mechanisms are discussed herein based on current evidence, although we hypothesize the participation of neuroendocrine-immune pathways, which have played a relevant role in autoimmune diseases. Cells found in the liver present receptors for several cytokines, hormones, peptides, and neurotransmitters that would allow for system crosstalk. Furthermore, the liver is innervated by the autonomic system and may, thus, be influenced by the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. This review therefore seeks to discuss classical immunological hepatic tolerance mechanisms and hypothesizes the possible participation of the neuroendocrine-immune system based on the current literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Fernanda Gomes Gama
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Gragoatá Bl-M Campus, Niterói 24210-200, Brazil;
| | - Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
| | - Rodrigo da Cunha Bisaggio
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, Brazil;
| | - Jussara Lagrota-Candido
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Gragoatá Bl-M Campus, Niterói 24210-200, Brazil;
| | - Andrea Henriques-Pons
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education, and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil;
| | - Luiz A. Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-(21)-2562-1816 (ext. 1841)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen L, Kong D, Xia S, Wang F, Li Z, Zhang F, Zheng S. Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Innate Immunity: A Pivotal Role in Hepatic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891069. [PMID: 35656309 PMCID: PMC9152088 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a repair process of chronic liver injuries induced by toxic substances, pathogens, and inflammation, which exhibits a feature such as deposition of the extracellular matrix. The initiation and progression of liver fibrosis heavily relies on excessive activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The activated HSCs express different kinds of chemokine receptors to further promote matrix remodulation. The long-term progression of liver fibrosis will contribute to dysfunction of the liver and ultimately cause hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver also has abundant innate immune cells, including DCs, NK cells, NKT cells, neutrophils, and Kupffer cells, which conduct complicated functions to activation and expansion of HSCs and liver fibrosis. Autophagy is one specific type of cell death, by which the aberrantly expressed protein and damaged organelles are transferred to lysosomes for further degradation, playing a crucial role in cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is also important to innate immune cells in various aspects. The previous studies have shown that dysfunction of autophagy in hepatic immune cells can result in the initiation and progression of inflammation in the liver, directly or indirectly causing activation of HSCs, which ultimately accelerate liver fibrosis. Given the crosstalk between innate immune cells, autophagy, and fibrosis progression is complicated, and the therapeutic options for liver fibrosis are quite limited, the exploration is essential. Herein, we review the previous studies about the influence of autophagy and innate immunity on liver fibrosis and the molecular mechanism to provide novel insight into the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Desong Kong
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siwei Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanghao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li S, Bobbala S, Vincent MP, Modak M, Liu Y, Scott EA. Pi-stacking Enhances Stability, Scalability of Formation, Control over Flexibility and Circulation Time of Polymeric Filaments. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2100063. [PMID: 34870281 PMCID: PMC8635300 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling filomicelles (FM) are of great interest to nanomedicine due to their structural flexibility, extensive systemic circulation time, and amenability to unique "cylinder-to-sphere" morphological transitions. However, current fabrication techniques for FM self-assembly are highly variable and difficult to scale. Here, we demonstrate that tetrablock copolymers composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) diblocks linked by a pi-stacking perylene bisimide (PBI) moiety permit rapid, scalable, and facile assembly of FM via the flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) method. Co-assembling the tetrablocks and PEG-b-PPS diblocks at different molar ratios resulted in mixed PBI-containing FM (mPBI-FM) with tunable length and flexibility. The flexibility of mPBI-FM can be optimized to decrease uptake by macrophages in vivo, leading to increased circulation time versus (-)PBI-FM without PBI tetrablocks after intravenous administration in mice. While PEG-b-PPS diblocks form FM within a narrow range of hydrophilic weight fractions, incorporation of pi-stacking PBI groups expanded this range to increase favorability of FM assembly. Furthermore, the aggregation-dependent fluorescence of PBI shifted during oxidation-induced "cylinder-to-sphere" transitions of mPBI-FM into micelles, resulting in a distinct emission wavelength for filamentous versus spherical nanostructures. Thus, incorporation of pi-stacking allows for rapid, scalable assembly of FM with tunable flexibility and stability for theranostic and nanomedicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mallika Modak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vacani-Martins N, Meuser-Batista M, dos Santos CDLP, Hasslocher-Moreno AM, Henriques-Pons A. The Liver and the Hepatic Immune Response in Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, a Historical and Updated View. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091074. [PMID: 34578107 PMCID: PMC8465576 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease was described more than a century ago and, despite great efforts to understand the underlying mechanisms that lead to cardiac and digestive manifestations in chronic patients, much remains to be clarified. The disease is found beyond Latin America, including Japan, the USA, France, Spain, and Australia, and is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Dr. Carlos Chagas described Chagas disease in 1909 in Brazil, and hepatomegaly was among the clinical signs observed. Currently, hepatomegaly is cited in most papers published which either study acutely infected patients or experimental models, and we know that the parasite can infect multiple cell types in the liver, especially Kupffer cells and dendritic cells. Moreover, liver damage is more pronounced in cases of oral infection, which is mainly found in the Amazon region. However, the importance of liver involvement, including the hepatic immune response, in disease progression does not receive much attention. In this review, we present the very first paper published approaching the liver's participation in the infection, as well as subsequent papers published in the last century, up to and including our recently published results. We propose that, after infection, activated peripheral T lymphocytes reach the liver and induce a shift to a pro-inflammatory ambient environment. Thus, there is an immunological integration and cooperation between peripheral and hepatic immunity, contributing to disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vacani-Martins
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (N.V.-M.); (C.d.L.P.d.S.)
| | - Marcelo Meuser-Batista
- Depto de Anatomia Patológica e Citopatologia, Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil;
| | - Carina de Lima Pereira dos Santos
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (N.V.-M.); (C.d.L.P.d.S.)
| | | | - Andrea Henriques-Pons
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (N.V.-M.); (C.d.L.P.d.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nakano R, Tran LM, Geller DA, Macedo C, Metes DM, Thomson AW. Dendritic Cell-Mediated Regulation of Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Liver Transplant Rejection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705465. [PMID: 34262574 PMCID: PMC8273384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver allograft recipients are more likely to develop transplantation tolerance than those that receive other types of organ graft. Experimental studies suggest that immune cells and other non-parenchymal cells in the unique liver microenvironment play critical roles in promoting liver tolerogenicity. Of these, liver interstitial dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous, innate immune cells that appear to play pivotal roles in the instigation, integration and regulation of inflammatory responses after liver transplantation. Interstitial liver DCs (recruited in situ or derived from circulating precursors) have been implicated in regulation of both ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and anti-donor immunity. Thus, livers transplanted from mice constitutively lacking DCs into syngeneic, wild-type recipients, display increased tissue injury, indicating a protective role of liver-resident donor DCs against transplant IRI. Also, donor DC depletion before transplant prevents mouse spontaneous liver allograft tolerance across major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barriers. On the other hand, mouse liver graft-infiltrating host DCs that acquire donor MHC antigen via "cross-dressing", regulate anti-donor T cell reactivity in association with exhaustion of graft-infiltrating T cells and promote allograft tolerance. In an early phase clinical trial, infusion of donor-derived regulatory DCs (DCreg) before living donor liver transplantation can induce alterations in host T cell populations that may be conducive to attenuation of anti-donor immune reactivity. We discuss the role of DCs in regulation of warm and liver transplant IRI and the induction of liver allograft tolerance. We also address design of cell therapies using DCreg to reduce the immunosuppressive drug burden and promote clinical liver allograft tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakano
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lillian M. Tran
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David A. Geller
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Camila Macedo
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Diana M. Metes
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen Y, Zhang W, Bao H, He W, Chen L. High Mobility Group Box 1 Contributes to the Acute Rejection of Liver Allografts by Activating Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679398. [PMID: 34177922 PMCID: PMC8222728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute rejection induced by the recognition of donor alloantigens by recipient T cells leads to graft failure in liver transplant recipients. The role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an inflammatory mediator, in the acute allograft rejection of liver transplants is unknown. Here, rat orthotopic liver transplantation was successfully established to analyze the expression pattern of HMGB1 in liver allografts and its potential role in promoting the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) to promote T cell proliferation and differentiation. Five and 10 days after transplantation, allografts showed a marked upregulation of HMGB1 expression accompanied by elevated levels of serum transaminase and CD3+ and CD86+ inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed HMGB1 increased the expressions of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD83, and MHC class II) on bone marrow-derived DCs. HMGB1-pulsed DCs induced naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate to Th1 and Th17 subsets secreting IFN-γ and IL-17, respectively. Further in vivo experiments confirmed the administration of glycyrrhizic acid, a natural HMGB1 inhibitor, during donor liver preservation had therapeutic effects by reducing inflammation and hepatocyte damage reflected by a decline in serum transaminase and prolonged allograft survival time. These results suggest the involvement of HMBG1 in acute liver allograft rejection and that it might be a candidate therapeutic target to avoid acute rejection after liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Bao
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wubing He
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Méndez-Sánchez N, Córdova-Gallardo J, Barranco-Fragoso B, Eslam M. Hepatic Dendritic Cells in the Development and Progression of Metabolic Steatohepatitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641240. [PMID: 33833761 PMCID: PMC8021782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Associated Fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a global health problem and represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world. MAFLD spectrum goes from simple steatosis to cirrhosis, in between metabolic steatohepatitis with progressive fibrosis, which pathogenesis is not completely understood. Hence, the role of the immune system has become an important fact in the trigger of inflammatory cascades in metabolic steatohepatitis and in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Among, the more studied immune cells in the pathogenesis of MAFLD are macrophages, T cells, natural killer and dendritic cells. In particular, hepatic dendritic cells had recently attracted a special attention, with a dual role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. These cells have the capacity to switch from a tolerant state to active state inducing an inflammatory cascade. Furthermore, these cells play a role in the lipid storage within the liver, having, thus providing a crucial nexus between inflammation and lipid metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the dual role of dendritic cells in lipid accumulation, as wells as in the triggering of hepatic inflammation and hepatocytes cell death in metabolic steatohepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Córdova-Gallardo
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Hepatology, Service of Surgery and Obesity Clinic, General Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thomson AW, Vionnet J, Sanchez-Fueyo A. Understanding, predicting and achieving liver transplant tolerance: from bench to bedside. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:719-739. [PMID: 32759983 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past 40 years, liver transplantation has evolved from a high-risk procedure to one that offers high success rates for reversal of liver dysfunction and excellent patient and graft survival. The liver is the most tolerogenic of transplanted organs; indeed, immunosuppressive therapy can be completely withdrawn without rejection of the graft in carefully selected, stable long-term liver recipients. However, in other recipients, chronic allograft injury, late graft failure and the adverse effects of anti-rejection therapy remain important obstacles to improved success. The liver has a unique composition of parenchymal and immune cells that regulate innate and adaptive immunity and that can promote antigen-specific tolerance. Although the mechanisms underlying liver transplant tolerance are not well understood, important insights have been gained into how the local microenvironment, hepatic immune cells and specific molecular pathways can promote donor-specific tolerance. These insights provide a basis for the identification of potential clinical biomarkers that might correlate with tolerance or rejection and for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Innovative approaches aimed at promoting immunosuppressive drug minimization or withdrawal include the adoptive transfer of donor-derived or recipient-derived regulatory immune cells to promote liver transplant tolerance. In this Review, we summarize and discuss these developments and their implications for liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus W Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Julien Vionnet
- Institute of Liver Studies, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,Transplantation Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo
- Institute of Liver Studies, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Antigen presentation, autoantibody production, and therapeutic targets in autoimmune liver disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:92-111. [PMID: 33110250 PMCID: PMC7852534 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important immunological organ that controls systemic tolerance. The liver harbors professional and unconventional antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for tolerance induction and maintenance. Orchestrating the immune response in homeostasis depends on a healthy and well-toned immunological liver microenvironment, which is maintained by the crosstalk of liver-resident antigen-presenting cells and intrahepatic and liver-infiltrating leukocytes. In response to pathogens or autoantigens, tolerance is disrupted by unknown mechanisms. Intrahepatic parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells exhibit unique antigen-presenting properties. The presentation of microbial and endogenous lipid-, metabolite- and peptide-derived antigens from the gut via conventional and nonconventional mechanisms can educate intrahepatic immune cells and elicit effector responses or tolerance. Perturbation of this balance results in autoimmune liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Although the exact etiologies of these autoimmune liver diseases are unknown, it is thought that the disruption of tolerance towards self-antigens and microbial metabolites and lipids, as well as alterations in bile acid composition, may result in changes in effector cell activation and polarization and may reduce or impair protective anti-inflammatory regulatory T and B cell responses. Additionally, the canonical and noncanonical transmission of antigens and antigen:MHC complexes via trogocytosis or extracellular vesicles between different (non) immune cells in the liver may play a role in the induction of hepatic inflammation and tolerance. Here, we summarize emerging aspects of antigen presentation, autoantibody production, and the application of novel therapeutic approaches in the characterization and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fisicaro P, Barili V, Rossi M, Montali I, Vecchi A, Acerbi G, Laccabue D, Zecca A, Penna A, Missale G, Ferrari C, Boni C. Pathogenetic Mechanisms of T Cell Dysfunction in Chronic HBV Infection and Related Therapeutic Approaches. Front Immunol 2020; 11:849. [PMID: 32477347 PMCID: PMC7235343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A great effort of research has been devoted in the last few years to developing new anti-HBV therapies of finite duration that also provide effective sustained control of virus replication and antigen production. Among the potential therapeutic strategies, immune-modulation represents a promising option to cure HBV infection and the adaptive immune response is a rational target for novel therapeutic interventions, in consideration of the key role played by T cells in the control of virus infections. HBV-specific T cells are severely dysfunctional in chronic HBV infection as a result of several inhibitory mechanisms which are simultaneously active within the chronically inflamed liver. Indeed, the liver is a tolerogenic organ harboring different non-parenchymal cell populations which can serve as antigen presenting cells (APC) but are poorly efficient in effector T cell priming, with propensity to induce T cell tolerance rather than T cell activation, because of a poor expression of co-stimulatory molecules, up-regulation of the co-inhibitory ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 upon IFN stimulation, and production of immune regulatory cytokines, such as IL10 and TGF-β. They include resident dendritic cells (DCs), comprising myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) as well as the hepatocytes themselves. Additional regulatory mechanisms which contribute to T cell attrition in the chronically infected liver are the high levels of soluble mediators, such as arginase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and suppressive cytokines, the up-regulation of inhibitory checkpoint receptor/ligand pairs, the expansion of regulatory cells, such as CD4+FOXp3+ Treg cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and NK cells. This review will deal with the interactions between immune cells and liver environment discussing the different mechanisms which contribute to T cell dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B, some of which are specifically activated in HBV infection and others which are instead common to chronic inflammatory liver diseases in general. Therapeutic interventions targeting dysregulated pathways and cellular functions will be also delineated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fisicaro
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marzia Rossi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Montali
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Greta Acerbi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Diletta Laccabue
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zecca
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Amalia Penna
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Boni
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lei H, Reinke P, Volk HD, Lv Y, Wu R. Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance in Liver Transplantation-Crosstalk Between Alloreactive T Cells and Liver Cells With Therapeutic Prospects. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2667. [PMID: 31803188 PMCID: PMC6877506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LTx) is currently the most powerful treatment for end-stage liver disease. Although liver allograft is more tolerogenic compared to other solid organs, the majority of LTx recipients still require long-term immune suppression (IS) to control the undesired alloimmune responses, which can lead to severe side effects. Thus, understanding the mechanism of liver transplant tolerance and crosstalk between immune cells, especially alloreactive T cells and liver cells, can shed light on more specific tolerance induction strategies for future clinical translation. In this review, we focus on alloreactive T cell mediated immune responses and their crosstalk with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and cholangiocytes in transplant setting. Liver cells mainly serve as antigen presenting cells (APCs) to T cells, but with low expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Crosstalk between them largely depends on the different expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors. Inflammatory cytokines secreted by immune cells further elaborate this crosstalk and regulate the fate of naïve T cells differentiation within the liver graft. On the other hand, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in inducing and keeping immune tolerance in LTx. Tregs based adoptive cell therapy provides an excellent therapeutic option for clinical transplant tolerance induction. However, many questions regarding cell therapy still need to be solved. Here we also address the current clinical trials of adoptive Tregs therapy and other tolerance induction strategies in LTx, together with future challenges for clinical translation from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lei
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center of Advanced Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ouaguia L, Leroy V, Dufeu-Duchesne T, Durantel D, Decaens T, Hubert M, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Bendriss-Vermare N, Chaperot L, Aspord C. Circulating and Hepatic BDCA1+, BDCA2+, and BDCA3+ Dendritic Cells Are Differentially Subverted in Patients With Chronic HBV Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:112. [PMID: 30778353 PMCID: PMC6369167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health burden potentially evolving toward cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV physiopathology is strongly related to the host immunity, yet the mechanisms of viral evasion from immune-surveillance are still misunderstood. The immune response elicited at early stages of viral infection is believed to be important for subsequent disease outcome. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial immune sentinels which orchestrate antiviral immunity, which offer opportunity to pathogens to subvert them to escape immunity. Despite the pivotal role of DCs in orientating antiviral responses and determining the outcome of infection, their precise involvement in HBV pathogenesis is not fully explored. Methods: One hundred thirty chronically HBV infected patients and 85 healthy donors were enrolled in the study for blood collection, together with 29 chronically HBV infected patients and 33 non-viral infected patients that were included for liver biopsy collection. In a pioneer way, we investigated the phenotypic and functional features of both circulating and intrahepatic BDCA1+ cDC2, BDCA2+ pDCs, and BDCA3+ cDC1 simultaneously in patients with chronic HBV infection by designing a unique multi-parametric flow cytometry approach. Results: We showed modulations of the frequencies and basal activation status of blood and liver DCs associated with impaired expressions of specific immune checkpoints and TLR molecules on circulating DC subsets. Furthermore, we highlighted an impaired maturation of circulating and hepatic pDCs and cDCs following stimulation with specific TLR agonists in chronic HBV patients, associated with drastic dysfunctions in the capacity of circulating DC subsets to produce IL-12p70, TNFα, IFNα, IFNλ1, and IFNλ2 while intrahepatic DCs remained fully functional. Most of these modulations correlated with HBsAg and HBV DNA levels. Conclusion: We highlight potent alterations in the distribution, phenotype and function of all DC subsets in blood together with modulations of intrahepatic DCs, revealing that HBV may hijack the immune system by subverting DCs. Our findings provide innovative insights into the immuno-pathogenesis of HBV and the mechanisms of virus escape from immune control. Such understanding is promising for developing new therapeutic strategies restoring an efficient immune control of the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurissa Ouaguia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Leroy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, Hepato-gastroenterology Unit, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U1209/CNRS 5309/UGA, Analytic Immunology of Chronic Pathologies, La Tronche, France
| | - Tania Dufeu-Duchesne
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, Hepato-gastroenterology Unit, Grenoble, France
| | - David Durantel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, Hepato-gastroenterology Unit, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U1209/CNRS 5309/UGA, Analytic Immunology of Chronic Pathologies, La Tronche, France
| | - Margaux Hubert
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peng Y, Ye Y, Jia J, He Y, Yang Z, Zhu X, Huang H, Wang W, Geng L, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. Galectin-1-induced tolerogenic dendritic cells combined with apoptotic lymphocytes prolong liver allograft survival. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:470-482. [PMID: 30390594 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Donor-derived tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and apoptotic lymphocytes (ALs) are practical tools for controlling rejection after transplantation by targeting direct and indirect allorecognition pathways, respectively. To date, few studies have investigated the combination of donor-derived tolerogenic DCs and ALs infusion in organ transplantation protection. In the present study, we generated galectin-1-induced tolerogenic DCs (DCgal-1s) and ultraviolet irradiation-induced ALs with stable immune characteristics in vitro and potential immune regulatory activity in vivo. A rat model of acute liver transplant rejection was established, and the intrinsic tolerogenic profiles associated with the short-term alleviation of rejection and the long-term maintenance of tolerance in the absence of immunosuppressive drugs were evaluated. The DCgal-1-AL treatment prolonged allograft survival more significantly than a transfusion of DCgal-1s or ALs alone. This benefit was associated with CD4+ Treg cell expansion and decreased interferon (IFN)-γ+ T cell levels. Moreover, DCgal-1-AL treatment led to different cytokine/chemokine changes in the allograft and peripheral blood, that indicated an alleviation of local and systemic inflammation on day 7 post-transplantation. TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were significantly increased in the long-term surviving allografts after DCgal-1-AL treatment. Our results indicate that the combination of DCgal-1s with ALs effectively prolongs liver allograft survival and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for liver transplant rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Peng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yufu Ye
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Junjun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yong He
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhentao Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hechen Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, West Tower Alexandria Center, New York 10016, USA
| | - Lei Geng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|