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Zhang B, Hao B, Han M, Wang X. Impacts of pyraclostrobin on intestinal health and the intestinal microbiota in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 199:105762. [PMID: 38458673 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Pyraclostrobin (PYR) is a strobilurin fungicide that is commonly used in agriculture, and its use in agriculture may lead to an increase in its residue in the aquatic environment and may have a deleterious influence on the intestinal health of aquatic creatures. Here, common carp were chronically exposed to PYR (0, 0.5, or 5.0 μg/L) for 30 d to determine its effect on the physical and immunological barrier and intestinal microbiota in the intestine. PYR exposure caused significant histological changes; altered the mRNA expression levels of occludin, claudin-2, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1); induced oxidative stress in the common carp intestine; and increased the serum D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels. Moreover, PYR significantly increased the protein expression levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 while decreasing the level of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Further studies revealed that PYR significantly reduced lysozyme (LZM) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities as well as complement 3 (C3) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels. Furthermore, PYR decreased gut microbial diversity while increasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas and Shewanella, causing an intestinal microbial disturbances in common carp. These results imply that PYR has a negative impact on fish intestinal health and may pose serious health risks to fish by disrupting the intestinal microbiota, physical barrier, and immunological barrier in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Baozhen Hao
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Maolin Han
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
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Lee CY, Lin YP, Lin CY, Chen TC, Kuo SH, Lo SH, Wang SF, Lu PL. Trends and the associated factors of optimal immunological response and virological response in late anti-retroviral therapy initiation HIV cases in Taiwan from 2009 to 2020. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:339-348. [PMID: 38194765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late cART initiation (CD4 count ≤200 cells/μL or AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses [AOIs] at cART initiation) impedes CD4 count recovery and virologic suppression after cART initiation. However, studies to evaluate trends of and modifiable factors for optimal immunological response (IR) and virological response (VR) in people living with HIV (PLWH) with late cART initiation with the current HIV treatment strategies are limited. METHODS We retrospectively identified 475 PLWH with late cART initiation in 2009-2020. Patients were grouped based on the presence of IR (CD4 count ≥200 cells/μL) or VR (plasma viral load [PVL] ≤ 50 copies/mL) within 18 months after cART initiation (403 [84.8%] IR(+) and 72 [15.2%] IR(-); 422 [88.8%] VR(+) and 53 [11.2%] VR(-)). We used Joinpoint regression to identify IR (+) and VR(+) proportion changes. RESULTS From 2009 to 2020, the proportion of IR(+) patients remained unchanged (75% to 90%, P = 0.102), whereas that of VR(+) patients increased significantly (75% to 95%, P = 0.007). No join point was identified for either IR(+) or VR(+), and the annual percentage change was 0.56% (nonsignificant) and 1.35% (significant) for IR(+) and VR(+), respectively. Compared to IR(-) patients, IR(+) patients were more likely to have a higher pre-cART PVL, to start with a first-line INSTI-based regimen, or to start cART within 14 days of HIV diagnosis but were less likely to have chronic kidney disease, composite AOIs, or a lower pre-cART CD4 count. Compared to VR(-) patients, VR(+) patients were more likely to start a single-tablet regimen but were less likely to have a higher pre-cART PVL. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified several modifiable factors for optimal IR (rapid cART initiation and INSTI-based regimen initiation) and for optimal VR (STR initiation) among late initiators, which may guide early treatment modifications to reduce their AIDS-defining event incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Pei Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tun-Chieh Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Huei Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Hao Lo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan , ROC; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, ROC.
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Wang M, Liu H, Huang M, Huang Y, Ming Y, Chen W, Chen Y, Tang Z, Jia B. Immunomodulatory functions of microorganisms in tissue regenerative healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:38-52. [PMID: 37816417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the immune system plays a crucial regulatory role in this process. This review summarises our current understanding of microorganism-immune system interactions, with a focus on how these interactions impact the renewal and repair ability of tissues, including skin, bone, gut, liver, and nerves. This review concludes with a discussion of the mechanisms by which microbes act on various types of immune cells to affect tissue regeneration, offers potential strategies for using microbial therapies to enhance the regenerative repair function of tissues, and suggest novel therapeutic approaches for regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microbiological communities have crucial impacts on human health and illness by participating in energy collection and storage and performing various metabolic processes. External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the immune system plays a critical regulatory role in this process. This study reviews the important correlation between microorganisms and the immune system and investigates the mechanism of various microorganism that participate in the regeneration and repair of tissues and organs by modulating immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Egeland C, Balsevicius L, Gögenur I, Gehl J, Baeksgaard L, Garbyal RS, Achiam MP. Calcium electroporation of esophageal cancer induces gene expression changes: a sub-study of a phase I clinical trial. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16031-16042. [PMID: 37688629 PMCID: PMC10620256 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aim to investigate gene expression changes in tumor samples obtained from patients with esophageal cancer treated with calcium electroporation. Previously, local treatment with calcium electroporation has been shown to induce gene expression alterations, potentially contributing to a more tumor-hostile microenvironment. METHODS In this sub-study of a phase I clinical trial, we included five patients with esophageal cancer treated with calcium electroporation. We compared cancer-associated gene expression patterns in tumor samples before and after treatment. Furthermore, we used linear support vector regression to predict the cellular composition of tumor samples. RESULTS Using differential expression analysis, we identified the downregulation of CXCL14 and upregulation of CCL21, ANGPTL4, and CRABP2 genes. We also found a decreased predicted proportion of dendritic cells while the proportion of neutrophils was increased. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that calcium electroporation for esophageal cancer induces local transcriptional changes and possibly alters the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment. The results are explorative, larger studies are needed to confirm and further correlate our findings with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Egeland
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lukas Balsevicius
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
- Graduate School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | - Julie Gehl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer (C*EDGE), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lene Baeksgaard
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rajendra Singh Garbyal
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Patrick Achiam
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Giri-Rachman EA, Irasonia Tan M, Ramesh A, Fajar PA, Nurul Ilmi A, Retnoningrum DS, Hertadi R, Irawan A, Wojciechowska GEP, Yuan L. Development of Chimeric Hepatitis B (HBV) - Norovirus (NoV) P particle as candidate vaccine against Hepatitis B and norovirus infection. Vaccine X 2023; 14:100354. [PMID: 37519778 PMCID: PMC10372314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatitis B remains a global problem with no effective treatment. Here, a mucosal vaccine candidate was developed with HBsAg and HBcAg, to provide both prophylactic and therapeutic protection against hepatitis B. The antigens were presented using the P particle of human norovirus (HuNov). As a result, the chimeric HBV - HuNoV P particle can act as a dual vaccine for hepatitis B and HuNoV. Methods The vaccine candidate was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. HBV-HuNoV chimeric P particles were successfully expressed and isolated, with sizes of approximately 25.64 nm. Then, the HBV-HuNoV chimeric P particles were evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in mice and gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs. After three doses (5 µg/dose in mice and 200 µg/dose in Gn pigs) of intranasal immunization, humoral and cellular immune responses, as well as toxicity, were evaluated. Results The vaccine candidate induced strong HBV-HuNoV specific IFN-γ producing T-cell responses in the ileum, spleen, and blood of Gn pigs. Serum IgG and IgA antibodies against HBV-HuNoV chimeric P particles also increased significantly in Gn pigs. Increased HBsAg- and HuNoV-specific serum IgG responses were observed in mice and Gn pigs, although not statistically significant. The vaccine candidate did not show any toxicity in mice. Conclusions In summary, the chimeric HBV-HuNoV P particle vaccine given intranasally was safe and induced strong cellular and humoral immune responses in Gn pig. Modifications to the vaccine structure and dosage need to be evaluated in future studies to further enhance immunogenicity and induce more balanced humoral and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marselina Irasonia Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ashwin Ramesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Putri Ayu Fajar
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Nurul Ilmi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Rukman Hertadi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Apriliani Irawan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Gladys Emmanuella Putri Wojciechowska
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Nakai M, Yokoyama D, Sato T, Sato R, Kojima C, Shimosawa T. Variation in antibody titers determined by Abbott and Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 assays in vaccinated healthcare workers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16547. [PMID: 37235203 PMCID: PMC10201891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody measurement is important for evaluating COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. We quantified and compared anti-spike (S) antibodies using different commercial immunoassays. We tested serum samples from 70 SARS-CoV-2-naive health care workers 2 weeks after vaccination with a single dose of BNT162b2, 2 and 4 weeks, and 3 months after the second dose of BNT162b2. The following quantitative assays were used: Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche-S), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant [Abbott-IgG(S)], and Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgM (Abbott-IgM). All samples tested positive for Roche-S and Abbott-IgG antibodies after the second dose, with 83.6% Abbott-IgM positive rate. Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) correlated significantly in all samples (r = 0.920, p < 0.0001), and the Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) assay showed a strong correlation with each other at each time point after vaccination. Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers were correlated with age; their rate of decline was age-dependent in males but not in females. Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers decreased from 2 weeks after the second dose. Roche-S antibody titers peaked 2 weeks after the second dose in 76.2% of the participants; the titers recovered 3 months post-vaccination after declining at week 4 in 40.7% of the participants. The concordance between Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers over time was 47.5%. Most participants presented significantly high Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers after immunization. Some measurements were inconsistent with titer changes between these assays, possibly because of differences in the immunoglobulin-specificity of the kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Nakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokoyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiari Kojima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Tang J, Sang Z, Zhang X, Song C, Tang W, Luo X, Yan M. Impacts of residual 3D printing metal powders on immunological response and bone regeneration: an in vivo study. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2023; 34:29. [PMID: 37227574 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Residual powder is a defect in powder bed fusion-based additive manufacturing (3D printing), and it is difficult to completely remove it from as-printed materials. In addition, it is not necessary to apply 3D printed implants with residual powder in the clinic. The immunological response triggered by the residual powder is an important area of study in medical research. To further understand the possible immunological reactions and hidden dangers caused by residual powders in vivo, this study compared the immunological reactions and osteolysis caused by typical powders for four implant materials: 316 L stainless steel, CoCrMo, CP-Ti, and Ti-6Al-4V (particle size range of 15-45 μm), in a mouse skull model. Furthermore, the possible immunological responses and bone regeneration induced by the four 3D printed implants with residual powder in a rat femur model were compared. In the mouse skull model, it was found that the 316L-S, CoCrMo-S, and especially the 316L-M powders, upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, increased the ratio of RANKL/OPG, and activated more functional osteoclasts, resulting in more severe bone resorption compared with those in other groups. In the rat femur model, which is more suitable for clinical practice, there is no bone resorption in implants with residual powders, but they show good bone regeneration and integration ability because of their original roughness. The results indicate that the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in all experimental groups were the same as those in the control group, showing good biological safety. The results answered some critical questions related to additively manufactured medical materials in vivo and indicated that as-printed implants may have great potential in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhuo Sang
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat- sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat- sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Changhui Song
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Jiaxing Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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Corsi Decenti E, Salvatore MA, Mancon A, Portella G, Rocca A, Vocale C, Donati S. A large series of molecular and serological specimens to evaluate mother-to-child SARS-CoV-2 transmission: a prospective study from the Italian Obstetric Surveillance System. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 126:1-9. [PMID: 36368605 PMCID: PMC9640374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assay the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in vaginal, rectal, and placental swabs among pregnant women and in newborn nasopharyngeal swabs and to investigate the immunological response and maternal antibody transfer through the umbilical cord blood and milk of unvaccinated mothers. METHODS Vaginal, rectal, and placental specimens, maternal and neonatal serum, and milk were collected from a wide cohort of pregnant Italian women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the hospital between February 25, 2020 and June 30, 2021. Samples were tested in selected reference laboratories according to a shared interlaboratory protocol. RESULTS Among 1086 enrolled women, the SARS-CoV-2 positive rate detected in all specimens ranged from 0.7% to 8.4%. Respectively, 45.2% of maternal sera collected during pregnancy and 39.7% of those collected at birth tested positive for immunoglobulin G, whereas 50.5% tested positive among neonates. Nasopharyngeal swabs were positive in 0.8% of the newborns, and immunoglobulin G was detected in 3.0% of the milk samples. The highest immunological response was recorded within 30 days during pregnancy and within 60 days of birth and in the neonatal population. CONCLUSION Vertical transmission should be considered a rare event; although, a good maternal immunological response and antibodies transfer throughout the umbilical cord blood was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Corsi Decenti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 00161 Rome, Italy,University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Antonio Salvatore
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 00161 Rome, Italy,Corresponding author at: Michele Antonio Salvatore, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39-0649904310
| | | | - Giuseppe Portella
- Federico II University of Naples, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Rocca
- Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Vocale
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - University Hospital of Bologna, Microbiology Unit, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Donati
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Italian Obstetric Surveillance System COVID-19 Working GroupAlberiIrene7AnelliGaia Maria8BaltaroFederica9BisulliMaria10BrusaStefano11CataneoIlaria12CetinIrene13CuomoMarianna14RìPietro Dal15CerboLidia Di16FerrettiAlice17GismondoMaria Rita1819GrisoliaGianpaolo20LivioStefania21LocciMariavittoria22MalentacchiFrancesca23MecacciFederico24PaccaloniBarbara25PednaMaria Federica26PerroneEnrica27PignattiLucrezia28PirasMartina29PrimaveraAlessandra30SavasiValeria31SimeoneSerena32TaddeiFabrizio33TironiRoberta34TorriArianna35Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences - University of Milan, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, ItalyUnit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano di Niguarda, 20162, Milan, ItalyObstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Federico II University of Naples, 80138, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Maggiore, 40133, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20154, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences - University of Milan, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, ItalyUnit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Santa Maria del Carmine Hospital, 38068, Rovereto, ItalyOspedale Infermi, 47923, Rimini, ItalyUnit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, 42123, Reggio Emilia, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences - University of Milan, 20157, Milan, ItalyASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco - University Hospital L. Sacco, 20157, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Carlo Poma Hospital, 46100, Mantua, ItalyUnit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital V. Buzzi, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20154, Milan, ItalyFederico II University of Naples, 80138, Naples, ItalySOD Microbiologia e Virologia, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, ItalyUnit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Santa Maria della Scaletta Hospital, 40026, Imola, ItalyUnit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522, Pievesestina, Cesena, ItalyServizio Assistenza Territoriale, Direzione Generale Cura Della Persona, Salute e Welfare, Emilia‐Romagna Region, 40127, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, 47521, Cesena, ItalyClinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122, Reggio Emilia, ItalyMicrobiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, ItalyUnit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, 20157, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Woman and Child's Health, Careggi University Hospital, 50141, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122, Trento, ItalyOspedale Manzoni, 23900, Lecco, ItalyUnit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522, Pievesestina, Cesena, Italy.
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Zapata Vívenes E, Sánchez G, Nusetti O, Marcano LDV. Modulation of innate immune responses in the flame scallop Ctenoides scaber (Born, 1778) caused by exposure to used automobile crankcase oils. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 130:342-349. [PMID: 36122641 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The used automobile crankcase oils are potential sources of contaminant elements for the coastal-marine ecosystems, affecting mainly the immunological system of organisms that feed by filtration, e. g. scallops. This study examined the effects of a water-soluble fraction of used automobile crankcase oils (WSF-UACO) on innate cellular- and humoral immune responses of the flame scallop Ctenoides scaber. The scallops were exposed to ascending concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 of WSF-UACO under a static system of aquaria during 7 and 13 d. The viability, haemocyte total count (HTC), lysosomal membrane destabilization (LMD), phagocytosis, and protein concentration in hemolymph samples withdrawn taken from the blood sinus as well as lysozyme activity of the digestive gland were measured as immune endpoints. A decrease in cellular immune competence in scallops exposed to WSF-UACO was observed, with significant impairment of viability, HTC, and phagocytosis. LMD index increased about exposure concentrations, and plasma protein concentrations augmented to 0.01 and 0.1% during 13 d. Lysozyme activity increased in scallops exposed to WSF-UVCO during 7 d, to level off in the chronic period. Lysozyme activity and enhanced plasma proteins could act as compensatory responses when cell parameters tend to fall, helping to the regulation of microbial microflora and possible invasion of pathogenic microbes as well as defense against xenobiotics. The results demonstrate that the immunological responses of C. scaber are highly sensitive to the complex chemical mixture of contaminants, and it could be used for evaluating biological risks of hazardous xenobiotics in tropical marine environments. Republic of Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Zapata Vívenes
- Grupo de Investigación, Biología y Cultivo de Moluscos, Departamento de Acuicultura, Pesca y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador.
| | - Gabriela Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias, Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela.
| | - Osmar Nusetti
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias, Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela.
| | - Leida Del Valle Marcano
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias, Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela.
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Jeevanandam J, Paramasivam E, Palanisamy A, Ragavendran S, Thangavel SN. Molecular insights on bioactive compounds againstCovid-19: A Network pharmacological and computational study. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2022; 18:CAD-EPUB-126303. [PMID: 36111763 DOI: 10.2174/1573409918666220914092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Network pharmacology based identification of phytochemicals in the form of cocktails against off-targets can play a significant role in inhibition of SARS_CoV2 viral entry and its propagation. This study includes network pharmacology, virtual screening, docking and molecular dynamics to investigate the distinct antiviral mechanisms of effective phytochemicals against SARS_CoV2. METHODS SARS_CoV2 human-protein interaction network was explored from the BioGRID database and analysed using Cytoscape. Further analysis was performed to explore biological function, protein-phytochemical/drugs network and up-down regulation of pathological host target proteins. This lead to understand the antiviral mechanism of phytochemicals against SARS_CoV2. The network was explored through g:Profiler, EnrichR, CTD, SwissTarget, STITCH, DrugBank, BindingDB, STRING and SuperPred. Virtual screening of phytochemicals against potential antiviral targets such as M-Pro, NSP1, Receptor binding domain, RNA binding domain, and ACE2 discloses the effective interaction between them. Further, the binding energy calculations through simulation of the docked complex explains the efficiency and stability of the interactions. RESULTS The network analysis identified quercetin, genistein, luteolin, eugenol, berberine, isorhamnetin and cinnamaldehyde to be interacting with host proteins ACE2, DPP4, COMT, TUBGCP3, CENPF, BRD2 and HMOX1 which are involved in antiviral mechanisms such as viral entry, viral replication, host immune response, and antioxidant activity. Thus indicating that herbal cocktails can effectively tackle the viral hijacking of the crucial biological functions of human host. Further exploration through Virtual screening, docking and molecular dynamics recognizes the effective interaction of phytochemicals such as punicalagin, scutellarin, and solamargine with their respective potential targets. CONCLUSION This work illustrates probable strategy for identification of phytochemical based cocktails and off-targets which are effective against SARS_CoV 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanth Jeevanandam
- Molecular Biophysics lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to- be University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Esackimuthu Paramasivam
- Molecular Biophysics lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to- be University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Srikanth Ragavendran
- TATA-Realty Data science lab, School of Humanity and Science, SASTRA Deemed to-be University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamilnadu, India
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Kiros T, Taye A, Workineh L, Eyayu T, Damtie S, Hailemichael W, Tiruneh T. Immuno-virological status and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020/2021: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10169. [PMID: 36033289 PMCID: PMC9399164 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves clinical outcomes by suppressing viral replication and allowing immune reconstitution. It also reduces HIV-related complications including morbidity, mortality, and extended hospitalizations for HIV-positive individuals. Regular assessment for antiretroviral treatment response is fundamentally important to address the factors associated with the poor clinical outcome including immunologic failures among HIV-positive patients on HAART. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immuno-virological status and describe its determinants among HIV-positive patients receiving HAART at Delgi primary hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Delgi primary hospital from October 25th through June 19th 2021 among a total of 442 study participants. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to enrol participants in the study. Socio-demographic and clinically related data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. About 3–5 ml of venous blood was collected aseptically for CD4+ T cell count and viral load test. SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with immuno-virologic status among HIV-positive patients on HAART. The odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to determine the strength of association. Then, a p-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. For this study, the results were presented by using frequency summary tables, and texts. Results Among the total study participants, 283 (64%) were males and the mean age of the study participants was 37 ± 11.5. The overall immunological and virological failure among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) receiving participants was found to be 9.5% (42/442, 95%CI:3.23–15.09) and 12.2% (54/442, 95% CI: 2.81–23.04) respectively. In the multivariate analysis, study participants with age ≥50 years old [AOR = 1.97, p = 0.01, 95%CI (0.02–4.03)], participants having current viral load count greater ≥1000 copies/ml [AOR = 3.97, p = 0.03, 95%CI (1.09–5.01)] and having TB-co-infection [AOR = 2.51, p = 0.05, 95%CI (1.02–7.51)] were statistically associated with increased risk of immunological failure. Similarly, TB-coinfected participants were 1.88 (95%CI = 0.89–10.02) times at greater risk for virological failure. Conclusion In this study, the magnitude of immuno-virological failure is alarming. This may be shown the need for integrated and substantial commitment to enhancing patient antiretroviral treatment adherence in the study area. Also, regular assessment for antiretroviral treatment response is fundamentally important to address the determinants associated with virological and immunologic failures among HIV-positive patients taking HAART. Furthermore, early initiation of HAART may be imperative to achieve favourable virological suppression and immunological reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklehaimanot Kiros
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Taye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Workineh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tahir Eyayu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Shewaneh Damtie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wasihun Hailemichael
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tegenaw Tiruneh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Padoan A, Cosma C, Bonfante F, Rocca FD, Barbaro F, Santarossa C, Dall'Olmo L, Pagliari M, Bortolami A, Cattelan A, Cianci V, Basso D, Plebani M. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies after one or two doses of Comirnaty (BNT162b2, BioNTech/Pfizer): Kinetics and comparison with chemiluminescent assays. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:446-453. [PMID: 34755646 PMCID: PMC8553360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating neutralizing antibody (NAb) after BNT162b2 vaccine are scarce. We therefore compared NAb using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) in vaccinated subjects, with those from five chemiluminescent (CLIA) assays, two targeting ACE and S-RBD interaction. METHODS Sera from 174 completely Comirnaty/BNT162b2 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW) were evaluated at t12 and t28. NAb titers at low (PRNT50) or high (PRNT90) stringency were compared with: Liaison SARS-CoV-2 Trimeric-S IgG, Elecsys S-RBD Ab, Maglumi SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG and SARS-CoV-2 Nab; iFlash 2019-nCoV NAb. RESULTS Neither PRNT50 nor PRNT90 correlated with age (range, 24-65 years); no significant differences were found for gender. PRNT50 and PRNT90 seropositive titers (≥1:20) were 43 (24.7%) and 15 (8.6%) at t12 and 167 (95.9%) and 149 (85.6%) at t28. CLIA results at t28 were uncorrelated with age, apart from Elecsys S-RBD Ab (r = -0.164, p = 0.046). Gender differences were found for Maglumi SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG (p = 0.037) and Maglumi NAb (p = 0.046). Considering PRNT50 at thresholds of 1:20 (or 1:40) and 1:160 (or 1:320), corresponding to different immune protective levels, CLIA cut-offs have been identified. CONCLUSIONS Comirnaty/BNT162b2 elicits strong NAb production, especially 28 days after first inoculum. Differences in correlation between Nab titers and circulating antibodies measured by 5 immunoassays have been found, being stronger the correlation for Maglumi Nab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonfante
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Models, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Barbaro
- Infective and Tropical Disease Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Dall'Olmo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences - DISCOG, University of Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Pagliari
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Models, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Bortolami
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Models, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattelan
- Infective and Tropical Disease Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Vito Cianci
- Emergency Department, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, Italy.
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Taraghian M, Hanif H, Mousavi P, Cheshmeh ZB, Samei A, Abdollahi A, Vazini H. The Comparison of the IFN-ɤ, TNF-α and IL-10 Cytokines in Healing and Non-healing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Iran J Parasitol 2021; 16:490-498. [PMID: 34630595 PMCID: PMC8476719 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i3.7103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the main vectors borne and neglected tropical parasitic diseases. T cell cytokine responses are highly important in the presentations of disease such as control or progression, and understanding of the host immunological response is valuable in diagnosis, follow-up, and vaccine designs. In the current study, the profile of IFN-ɤ, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines was investigated through the ELISA technique in PBMCs isolated from antimony resistance and susceptible patients. Methods: In this experimental study, 54 patients with healing (n=27) or non-healing (n=27) CL were recruited. Lesion samples were collected to determine the genotype of Leishmania spp. and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained to evaluate the cytokines profiles using soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) mitogen. Cytokines were assessed by the ELISA technique Results: The IFN-ɤ and TNF-α cytokines were significantly increased in the healing group treated with both SLA antigen and PHA mitogen (P<0.001). The level of IL-10 was significantly increased in non-healing and significantly declined in healing groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: The profile of IFN-ɤ, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines are crucially associated with the response of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Taraghian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Helena Hanif
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - Parisa Mousavi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Azam Samei
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Microbiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hossein Vazini
- Nursing Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
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Romero-Alvarez D, López-Cevallos DF, Torres I. Uninformative and unuseful: why it is necessary to actively challenge COVID-19 antibody testing postvaccination. Public Health 2021; 199:32-33. [PMID: 34534887 PMCID: PMC8384579 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to assess the evidence on the usefulness of postvaccination testing of COVID-19 antibodies. Study design We used a descriptive analytical approach. Methods We synthesized insights of studies on the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection or vaccination and recommendations by regulatory institutions, such as the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States. Results Based on the multiple humoral and cellular responses elicited by either the virus or the vaccines, the high variability of antibodies in blood, and the lack of correlation between the presence of antibodies and active cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2, there has been explicit advice against assessing immunological status postvaccination. Conclusions Postvaccination antibody testing is not warranted to assess immunity status for COVID-19. Patients may misinterpret results, leading to the spread of misinformation regarding vaccine efficacy or the need to continue self-protection or the protection of others. Therefore, public health authorities should actively challenge the promotion and commercialization of this type of tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Romero-Alvarez
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, KS, USA; OneHealth Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - D F López-Cevallos
- School of Language, Culture & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - I Torres
- Fundación Octaedro, Quito, Ecuador
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15
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Douxfils J, Gillot C, Mullier F, Favresse J. Post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination specific antibody decrease - Thresholds for determining seroprevalence and seroneutralization differ. J Infect 2021; 83:e4-e5. [PMID: 34407421 PMCID: PMC8364678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Douxfils
- Qualiblood s.a., Namur, Belgium; University of Namur, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| | - Constant Gillot
- University of Namur, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - François Mullier
- CHU UCL Namur, Université catholique de Louvain, Department of Laboratory Hematology, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Julien Favresse
- University of Namur, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur 5000, Belgium; Clinique Saint-Luc Bouge, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Namur, Belgium
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16
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Almutairi AS, Abunurah H, Hadi Alanazi A, Alenazi F, Nagy H, Saad Almutairi N, Wells M, Alawam A, Alqahtani MM. The immunological response among COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:954-959. [PMID: 34130119 PMCID: PMC8153960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often results in pneumonia and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is one of the most significant causes of death in patients with COVID-19. The development of a “cytokine storm” in patients with COVID-19 causes progression to ARDS. In this scoping review, we investigated the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inducing moderate and severe ARDS outcomes. A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar to implement a broad query that captured all the relevant studies published between December 2019 and September 2020.We identified seven studies that evaluated the immune response in COVID-19 patients with ARDS. The white blood cell counts (WBCs), CRP, and IL-6 were higher in the moderately presenting ARDS patients, critically ill patients, and those with more severe ARDS. This study may contribute to better patient management and outcomes if tailored immune marker interventions are implemented in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz S Almutairi
- Faculty Member at King Saud Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; School of Biomedical Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan Abunurah
- Faculty Member at King Saud Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Profession, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Faraj Alenazi
- Faculty Member at King Saud Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Nagy
- Fairfax County Health Department, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | | | - Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), United States
| | | | - Mohammed M Alqahtani
- Faculty Member at King Saud Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Profession, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Tiendrebeogo T, Messou E, Arikawa S, Ekouevi DK, Tanon A, Kwaghe V, Balestre E, Zannou MD, Poda A, Dabis F, Jaquet A, Minga A, Becquet R. Ten-year attrition and antiretroviral therapy response among HIV-positive adults: a sex-based cohort analysis from eight West African countries. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24:e25723. [PMID: 34021714 PMCID: PMC8140184 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex differences have already been reported in sub-Saharan Africa for attrition and immunological response after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, but follow-up was usually limited to the first two to three years after ART initiation. We evaluated sex differences on the same outcomes in the 10 years following ART initiation in West African adults. METHODS We used cohort data of patients included in the IeDEA West Africa collaboration, who initiated ART between 2002 and 2014. We modelled no-follow-up and 10-year attrition risks, and immunological response by sex using logistic regression analysis, survival analysis with random effect and linear mixed models respectively. RESULTS A total of 71,283 patients (65.8% women) contributed to 310,007 person-years of follow-up in 16 clinics in eight West African countries. The cumulative attrition incidence at 10-year after ART initiation reached 75% and 68% for men and women respectively. Being male was associated with an increased risk of no follow-up after starting ART (5.1% vs. 4.0%, adjusted Odds Ratio: 1.25 [95% CI: 1.15 to 1.35]) and of 10-year attrition throughout the 10-year period following ART initiation: adjusted Hazard Ratios were 1.22 [95% CI: 1.17 to 1.27], 1.08 [95% CI: 1.04 to 1.12] and 1.04 [95% CI: 1.01 to 1.08] during year 1, years 2 to 4 and 5 to 10 respectively. A better immunological response was achieved by women than men: monthly CD4 gain was 30.2 and 28.3 cells/mL in the first four months and 2.6 and 1.9 cells/μL thereafter. Ultimately, women reached the average threshold of 500 CD4 cells/μL in their sixth year of follow-up, whereas men failed to reach it even at the end of the 10-year follow-up period. The proportion of patients reaching the threshold was much higher in women than in men after 10 years since ART initiation (65% vs. 44%). CONCLUSIONS In West Africa, attrition is unacceptably high in both sexes. Men are more vulnerable than women on both attrition and immunological response to ART in the 10 years following ART initiation. Innovative tracing strategies that are sex-adapted are needed for patients in care to monitor attrition, detect early high-risk groups so that they can stay in care with a durably controlled infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Tiendrebeogo
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team IDLIC, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eugène Messou
- Centre de Prise en charge de Recherche et de Formation (Aconda-CePReF), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Shino Arikawa
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team IDLIC, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier K Ekouevi
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales et Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Aristophane Tanon
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (SMIT), Treichville Teaching Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Vivian Kwaghe
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Eric Balestre
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team IDLIC, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marcel Djimon Zannou
- Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire (CTA), Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire (CNHU), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Armel Poda
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la santé, Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - François Dabis
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team IDLIC, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Jaquet
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team IDLIC, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Albert Minga
- Centre Médical de Suivi des Donneurs de Sang (CMSDS), Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Renaud Becquet
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team IDLIC, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
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Zaffina S, Alteri C, Ruggiero A, Cotugno N, Vinci MR, Camisa V, Santoro AP, Brugaletta R, Deriu G, Piano Mortari E, Fernandez Salinas A, Russo C, Ranno S, Coltella L, Colagrossi L, Porzio O, Onetti Muda A, Raponi M, Ciofi Degli Atti M, Rizzo C, Villani A, Rossi P, Palma P, Carsetti R, Perno CF. Induction of immune response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccination in healthcare workers. J Virus Erad 2021; 7:100046. [PMID: 34026245 PMCID: PMC8131184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2021.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Alteri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Vinci
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Camisa
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Santoro
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Brugaletta
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Deriu
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ane Fernandez Salinas
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Ranno
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Coltella
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luna Colagrossi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Porzio
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Onetti Muda
- Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marta Ciofi Degli Atti
- Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit - Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Rizzo
- Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit - Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Emergency and General Pediatrics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Padoan A, Dall'Olmo L, Rocca FD, Barbaro F, Cosma C, Basso D, Cattelan A, Cianci V, Plebani M. Antibody response to first and second dose of BNT162b2 in a cohort of characterized healthcare workers. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:60-63. [PMID: 33857476 PMCID: PMC8056941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine-induced population immunity is a key global strategy to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The rapid implementation and availability of several COVID-19 vaccines is now a global health-care priority but more information about humoral responses to single- and double-dose vaccine is needed. METHODS 163 health care workers (HCW) of the Padua University Hospitals, who underwent a complete vaccination campaign with BNT162b2 vaccine were asked to collect serum samples at 12 (t12) and 28 (t28) days after the first inoculum to allow the measurement of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies (Ab) using chemiluminescent assays against the spike (S) protein and the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the virus, respectively. RESULTS Significant differences were found at t12 for infection-naïve and subjects with previous-natural infection who present higher values of specific antibodies, while no significant differences have been found between t12 and t28. No statistically significant difference was found between male and female, while lower Ab levels have been observed in subjects older than 60 years at t12 but not at t28. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms observed differences in vaccine responses between infection-naïve and subjects with previous natural infection at t12 but not for a longer time. The influence of sex and age deserves further studies, even if the relationship with age seems particularly significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Dall'Olmo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences - DISCOG, University of Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Barbaro
- Infective and Tropical Disease Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattelan
- Infective and Tropical Disease Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Vito Cianci
- Emergency Department, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Italy.
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20
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Archana A, Patel PS, Kumar R, Nath G. Neutralizing antibody response against subcutaneously injected bacteriophages in rabbit model. Virusdisease 2021; 32:38-45. [PMID: 33969154 PMCID: PMC8093364 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is currently experiencing a renaissance. Therapeutic efficacy of bacteriophages depends on phage-bacterial and phage-host interactions. The appearance of neutralizing anti-phage antibody has been speculated to be one of the few reasons for bacteriophage therapy's failure. This study aimed to know whether there is a rise in the neutralizing antibody on the parenteral injection of bacteriophages in an animal model. This study included bacteriophages against five different bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteriophages were isolated, propagated and purified. Bacteriophage specificity was confirmed by spot testing on the respective bacterial lawn. Weekly subcutaneous injection of purified bacteriophages (109PFU) was given to five rabbits for six weeks. Blood samples were collected before administering the next dose every week. The antibody response was tested by phage neutralization followed by plaque assay by using double agar overlay method. The rise in anti-phage neutralizing antibodies was observed usually after the 3rd week after immunization. Complete neutralization of bacteriophages could be seen between 3 and 5 weeks after immunization. A further rise in bacteriophage counts (PFU), especially on 1:1000 and 1:2000 serum dilutions, could be noticed by the end of 6th week against most bacteriophages injected. Background anti-phage neutralizing antibodies were observed against bacteriophage specific to Escherichia coli. However, it was absent against bacteriophages specific to other four bacteria. Bacteriophage interacts with mammalian host and induces anti-phages neutralizing antibody production. However, neutralization of phage depends on repeated administration and duration of therapy. The significant rise in neutralizing antibody could be seen at the end of 3rd week. Therefore, bacteriophage can be effectively used in acute cases where therapy duration is less than 2 weeks. However, for prolonged therapy, bacteriophage cocktail of different antigenicity may be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Archana
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Prem Shankar Patel
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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21
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Liu C, Dun Y, Liu P, You B, Shu K, Luo H, Ripley-Gonzalez JW, Liu S, Liu J, Li B. Associations of medications used during hospitalization and immunological changes in patients with COVID-19 during 3-month follow-up. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107121. [PMID: 33168413 PMCID: PMC7608005 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the immunological responses in COVID-19 patients during their recovery period is essential to the development of a vaccine and herd immunity. METHODS This retrospective cohort study screened 233 patients admitted to the First Hospital of Changsha, China with COVID-19 from January 17th to February 29th, 2020. After completion of SARS-CoV2-specific immunoglobulins, and T cells tests at 2-week and 3-month follow-up points after discharge, 87 were enrolled. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to assess changes in the values of IgG and IgM, the number of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio during the 3-month follow-up. Linear regressions were used to evaluate the associations of immunological changes and medications during hospitalization. RESULTS The positive rate of IgG decreased from 98.6% (40/41) to 85.4% (35/41) in men and 100% (43/43) to 76.7% (33/43) in women, whereas IgM declined from 34.1% (14/41) to 12.2% (5/41) in men and 37.2% (16/43) to 27.9% (12/43) in women during the follow-up. CD4+ T cells increased from (median (IQR), 484 (384-635)) cells/ul to 543 (414-657) cells/ul (P = 0.01). Antibiotic use was negatively associated with IgG change (mean change [95%CI], 8.08 [0.80-15.37] U, P = 0.03), and glucocorticoid use was positively related to increased CD4+ T cells (100.85 [16.56-185.15] cells/ul, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the positive rates and values of IgG and IgM decreased in COVID-19 patients over a 3-month follow-up, while CD4+ T cells significantly increased. Moreover, we found that antibiotic use during hospitalization was associated with IgG decrease, and glucocorticoid use was associated with increases in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaoshan Dun
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baiyang You
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kongliang Shu
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huijun Luo
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jeffrey W Ripley-Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiyang Liu
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Bo Li
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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22
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Lalramhluna M, Bordoloi G, Pandit S, Baidya S, Joardar SN, Patra AK, Jas R. Parasitological and immunological response to Haemonchus contortus infection: Comparison between resistant Garole and susceptible Sahabadi sheep. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2020; 22:100477. [PMID: 33308756 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Parasitological and immunological responses to the experimentally induced Haemonchus contortus infection were compared between Garole and Sahabadi breeds of sheep. The experiment was conducted in a 2 (breed) × 2 (infection status) factorial arrangement with a completely randomised design. Two breeds of sheep were divided into infected (n = 10) and control (n = 6) groups, and the infected groups were orally infected with H. contortus (500 stage 3 larvae per kilogram of body weight). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined from 18 days post infection (DPI) at 3-day intervals until 42 DPI. Average daily body weight gain, packed cell volume (PCV), concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G1, IgG2, IgE and peripheral eosinophil count were measured at 14-day intervals from 0 to 42 DPI. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to somatic antigen of H. contortus was determined by in vitro lymphoproliferation assay, and concentrations of interferon gama (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) in lymphocyte culture supernatant were measured at 14-day intervals until 42 DPI. Variables were analysed using the repeated measures mixed model procedure over DPI. Faecal egg count was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in Garole sheep than Sahabadi sheep and no faecal eggs were detected in the infected Garole sheep on 30 DPI. Infected Garole sheep had significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain and PCV% than the infected Sahabadi sheep. In the infected Garole sheep, serum Ig except IgE increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to infected Sahabadi sheep. On 28 DPI, peripheral eosinophil number, in vitro lymphoproliferation as well as concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 in culture supernatant were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the infected Garole sheep than in the infected Sahabadi sheep. Parasitological observations indicated that Garole sheep were resistant to H. contortus and they exhibited greater cellular as well as humoral immune responses compared to Sahabadi sheep.
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23
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Gotoh M, Okubo K, Yuta A, Ogawa Y, Nagakura H, Ueyama S, Ueyama T, Kawashima K, Yamamoto M, Fujieda S, Sakashita M, Sakamoto H, Iwasaki N, Mori E, Endo T, Ohta N, Kitazawa H, Okano M, Asako M, Takada M, Terada T, Inaka Y, Yonekura S, Matsuoka T, Kaneko S, Hata H, Hijikata N, Tanaka H, Masuyama K, Okamoto Y. Safety profile and immunological response of dual sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mite tablet and Japanese cedar pollen tablet. Allergol Int 2020; 69:104-110. [PMID: 31421989 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been no studies of dual administration of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablets for perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis. This trial (JapicCTI-184014) was conducted to investigate the safety profile and immunological response during dual therapy with SQ house dust mite (HDM) and Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) SLIT tablets. METHODS This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial of 109 Japanese patients with coexisting HDM and JCP allergic rhinitis who had positive tests for HDM- and JCP specific IgE (≥0.7 kU/L). Patients were allocated to receive HDM (N = 54) or JCP (N = 55) SLIT tablets alone for 4 weeks followed by 8 weeks of dual therapy with both SLIT tablets administered within 5 min of each other. Adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and serum IgE and IgG4 specific for HDM (Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and JCP were recorded. RESULTS The percentage of subjects with AEs and ADRs was similar between the two groups and between the two periods of monotherapy and dual therapy. Most AEs and ADRs were mild in severity, and no serious events were observed. The most common ADRs were local events in the oral cavity. Levels of IgE and IgG4 specific for HDM (D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus) and JCP were increased after treatment with HDM and JCP SLIT tablets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dual therapy with both SLIT tablets administered within 5 min after 4 weeks of monotherapy with HDM or JCP tablet was well tolerated and induced the expected immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Gotoh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Okubo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kayoko Kawashima
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sakashita
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sakamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naruhito Iwasaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Mori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Endo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Division of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitazawa
- Division of Pediatrics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Okano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare (IUHW), School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mikiya Asako
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Takada
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Inaka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Syuji Yonekura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsuoka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamanashi University, Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Hata
- Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Keisuke Masuyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamanashi University, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Negash H, Legese H, Tefera M, Mardu F, Tesfay K, Gebresilasie S, Fseha B, Kahsay T, Gebrewahd A, Berhe B. The effect of tuberculosis on immune reconstitution among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Adigrat general hospital, eastern Tigrai, Ethiopia; 2019: a retrospective follow up study. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:45. [PMID: 31805857 PMCID: PMC6896417 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethiopia initiated antiretroviral therapy early in 2005. Managing and detecting antiretroviral treatment response is important to monitor the effectiveness of medication and possible drug switching for low immune reconstitution. There is less recovery of CD4+ T cells among human immunodeficiency virus patients infected with tuberculosis. Hence, we aimed to assess the effect of tuberculosis and other determinant factors of immunological response among human immunodeficiency virus patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. A retrospective follow up study was conducted from October to July 2019. A total of 393 participants were enrolled. An interviewer based questionnaire was used for data collection. Patient charts were used to extract clinical data and follow up results of the CD4+ T cell. Current CD4+ T cell counts of patients were performed. STATA 13 software was used to analyze the data. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. Results The mean age of study participants was 39.2 years (SD: + 12.2 years) with 8.32 mean years of follow up. The overall prevalence of immune reconstitution failure was 24.7% (97/393). Highest failure rate occurred within the first year of follow up time, 15.7 per 100 Person-year. Failure of CD4+ T cells reconstitution was higher among tuberculosis coinfected patients (48.8%) than mono-infected patients (13.7%). Living in an urban residence, baseline CD4+ T cell count ≤250 cells/mm3, poor treatment adherence and tuberculosis infection were significantly associated with the immunological failure. Conclusions There was a high rate of CD4+ T cells reconstitution failure among our study participants. Tuberculosis infection increased the rate of failure. Factors like low CD4+ T cell baseline count, poor adherence and urban residence were associated with the immunological failure. There should be strict monitoring of CD4+ T cell counts among individuals with tuberculosis coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadush Negash
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia.
| | - Haftom Legese
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtu Tefera
- Unit of Quality assurance, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Senait Gebresilasie
- Unit of Pediatrics and child health, Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Berhane Fseha
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Tsega Kahsay
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew Gebrewahd
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Berhe
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
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25
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Kalicki B, Lipińska-Opałka A, Kowalczyk K, Mycroft K, Królikowska J, Rustecka A, Wawrzyniak A. Excessive Body Weight and Immunological Response in Children with Allergic Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1211:77-87. [PMID: 31456043 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergy and obesity is sharply on the rise in children. However, the nature of a mutual relation of the two conditions remains unclear. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of excessive body weight on the immune response in children with allergies. There were 56 children with allergies, aged 4-15 years, included into the study (41 with asthma and 15 with atopic dermatitis). Based on the body mass index, children were divided into two groups: normal weight (body mass index (BMI) <85th percentile) and excessive weight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile). The immunological parameters were evaluated by flow cytometry. We found that children with excessive body weight had a significantly lower percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes and a higher percentage of natural killer T cells (NKT) and CD16/56+ lymphocytes than those with normal weight. In the group with allergy, a significant positive association was noticed between BMI and the percentage of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-specific CD3. Further analysis was done after dividing the allergy group into the children with normal and excessive weight. There were an adverse association between BMI and the percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes in those with normal weight and a positive one between BMI and the percentage of CD4+ in those with excessive weight. We conclude that excessive body weight plays a major role in mediating the immunological response in children with allergy.
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26
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Xu Z, Guan W, Xie D, Lu W, Ren X, Yuan J, Mao L. Evaluation of immunological response in shrimp Penaeus vannamei submitted to low temperature and air exposure. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 100:103413. [PMID: 31200007 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the immune response of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei to low temperature and air exposure during the mimic waterless transportation. Shrimp were cold shocked at 13 °C for 3 min, then exposed to air at 15 °C for 12 h, and finally revived in water at 25 °C. Hemocyte structure remained intact with only slight distortions of some organelles and nuclear membrane under the stress. Phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (Lys) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, glutamine (Gln) content and relative mRNA expressions of prophenoloxidase (proPO), β-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), ferrin (Fer) and glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP 78) increased and reached peak levels after 3 h-9 h of air exposure, and then decreased to relatively stable levels in the prolonged period of air exposure. The total hemocyte count (THC) and gene expressions of proPO, Fer and LGBP at the end of waterless storage were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in fresh shrimp while no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) was found between revived and fresh shrimp in PO, Lys, GGT activities, Gln content and gene expression level of GRP 78. Of all the hemocytes, the percentage of semi granular cells (SGC) and granular cells (GC) significantly decreased after 6-9 h of storage, while hyaline cells (HC) dramatically increased after 9 h of storage to compensate the loss of SGC and GC. Results suggested that the low temperature and air exposure caused significant immunological response to the shrimp, but the damages to the immune system were partly reparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Weiliang Guan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dandan Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingchen Ren
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
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Huang D, Shen J, Li J, Bai Z. Integrated transcriptome analysis of immunological responses in the pearl sac of the triangle sail mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) after mantle implantation. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 90:385-394. [PMID: 31075406 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For pearl culture of bivalve Hyriopsis cumingii, implantation of the sabio may cause nucleus discharge and increased host death rates. We performed a transcriptome analysis of the pearl sac of H. cumingii for 30 days after mantle implantation; 293863 unigenes were obtained, and 27176 unigenes were identified using nr, nt, KO, Swiss-Prot, Pfam, GO, and KOG databases. We detected 4878 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through pairwise comparisons. We speculated that the physical condition of the recipient mussels returned to normal in about one month; the period was divided into six vital phases (0, 2 h-6 h, 12 h-24 h, 48 h to 7 days, 14 days and 30 days) on the basis of the overall similarities in DEGs. We compared the DEGs between time points and identified key immune-related genes. Our findings provide information on the immunological reactions induced by implantation in pearl mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiexuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Zhiyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Zhu X, Miao X, Qin X, Zhu X. Design of immunogens: The effect of bifunctional chelator on immunological response to chelated copper. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:263-269. [PMID: 31181489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To produce specific antibodies for the detection and quantification of copper ions, bifunctional chelators (BFCs) are commonly applied in the preparation of copper conjugates. However, some copper-chelator complexes exhibit limited stability under in vivo conditions. In this study, Cu2+ was coupled with carrier proteins via three different macrocyclic BFCs: p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, p-SCN-Bn-NOTA, and p-SCN-Bn-TETA. The stability in plasma and the immunogenicity of three copper immunoconjugates were compared. The chelators other than p-SCN-Bn-DOTA were very stable in plasma, with <9% dissociation of Cu2+ over 96 h. The immune response varied depending on the choice of chelator; notably, antisera from the Cu2+-NOTA-KLH conjugate demonstrated the best reactivity toward chelated Cu2+. p-SCN-Bn-NOTA, which showed significant advantages over the other chelators, was used for antibody production. The efficiency of immune-positive hybridoma production was satisfactory, and the resultant monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) 4B7 showed sensitivity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8.9 ng/mL) to chelated Cu2+, with a working range from 1.21 to 48.9 ng/mL. The recovery of Cu2+ from water samples was 85.7-108%, and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.0-10.1% and 7.1-11.4%, respectively. Compared with previously reported McAb specific to Cu2+, DF4, the sensitivity of the newly developed assay was improved 100-fold. The results of this study indicate the utility of NOTA for the efficient generation of highly sensitive McAbs against Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
| | - Xiaye Miao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Division 2nd, the Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Jiangsu, 226006, China.
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Laksananun N, Praparattanapan J, Kotarathititum W, Supparatpinyo K, Chaiwarith R. Immunogenicity and safety of 4 vs. 3 standard doses of HBV vaccination in HIV-infected adults with isolated anti-HBc antibody. AIDS Res Ther 2019; 16:10. [PMID: 31053142 PMCID: PMC6498566 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-019-0225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presence of isolated anti-HBc antibody is common in HIV-infected patients in endemic areas and could be caused by prior HBV infection with loss of anti-HBs antibody. The role of vaccination in these patients remains controversial and is based largely on limited and low quality data. We, therefore, conducted this study to determine immunogenicity and safety of 4 vs. 3 standard doses of HBV vaccination in HIV-infected adults with isolated anti-HBc antibody. Methods An open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted among HIV-infected patients visiting HIV clinic of the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand between July and September 2017. Inclusion criteria included ≥ 18 years of age, currently on a stable antiretroviral regimen, CD4+ cell count ≥ 200 cells/mm3, plasma HIV-1 RNA < 20 copies/mL, and isolated anti-HBc antibody. The participants were randomized to receive either 3 standard doses (20 µg at month 0, 1, 6) or 4 standard-doses (20 µg at month 0, 1, 2, 6) of IM HBV vaccination, and were evaluated for anamnestic response at week 4 and vaccine response at week 28. Results Of the 97 patients screened, 54 (32 male, mean age of 46 years) were enrolled and 27 were allocated to each of the vaccination groups. Anamnestic response occurred in 25.9% vs. 33.3% in 3-dose group vs. 4-dose group, respectively (p = 0.551). The vaccine response rates at week 28 were 85.2% in 3-dose group vs. 88.9% in 4-dose group (p = 1.000); geometric mean titer of anti-HBs antibody at week 28 was 63.8 and 209.8 mIU/mL in 3-dose group and 4-dose group, respectively (p = 0.030). No adverse events were reported. Conclusions An anamnestic response occurred in one-third of Thai HIV-infected patients with isolated anti-HBc antibody who received one dose of HBV vaccination; however, the majority were still unprotected. The use of either 3 or 4 standard-doses of vaccination was highly effective and should be recommended in all HIV-infected individuals with isolated anti-HBc antibody. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03212911. Registered 11 July 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03212911 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12981-019-0225-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sadeghi L, Moallemi S, Tabatabai RA, Esmaeilzadeh A, Ahsani-Nasab S, Ahmadi NE, Bayanolhagh S, Lolaie M, Narouei A, SeyedAlinaghi S, Mohraz M. Different Degrees of Immune Recovery Using Antiretroviral Regimens with Vonavir or Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Efavirenz in HIVPositive Patients Receiving First Line Treatment in Iran. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2019; 18:207-213. [PMID: 29308748 DOI: 10.2174/1871526518666180108104031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens recommended by most national treatment guidelines in resource-limited settings consist of two Nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) and one Non-Nucleoside Reverse- Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI). The NRTIs are Zidovudine (AZT) or Stavudine (d4T) with Lamivudine (3TC); the NNRTI components are either Nevirapine (NVP) or Efavirenz (EFV). Existing data regarding the effectiveness of Vonavir compared to other first-line ART regimens in increasing CD4+ T cell counts are unsatisfactory. METHODS Immunological outcomes of 134 individuals who were on initial stage of antiretroviral therapy with Vonavir or a combination of Zidovudine/Lamivudine and Efavirenz were analyzed. The immunological response was then assessed during 28 weeks. RESULTS Both groups demonstrated a significant increase in their CD4+ T cell count which was greater in Zidovudine/Lamivudine and Efavirenz treated group. We observed a noticeable increase in CD4+ T cells rates in the first three months of therapy; however, our results indicated a greater increase of cell counts in individuals with baseline CD4 lower than 100 cells/mm3 treated with Vonavir in first 12 weeks of treatment compared to those with higher baseline CD4. CONCLUSION A rapid CD4+ Tcell increase occurred shortly after beginning ART consisting either Vonavir or combination of Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Efavirenz. Late increases in CD4+ T cell counts were more pronounced in therapy using Zidovudine/ Lamivudine and Efavirenz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sadeghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Moallemi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Adl Tabatabai
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeilzadeh
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahsani-Nasab
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Eghbal Ahmadi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Bayanolhagh
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Lolaie
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arsalan Narouei
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohraz
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Felizardo AA, Caldas IS, Mendonça AAS, Gonçalves RV, Tana FL, Almeida LA, Novaes RD. Impact of Trypanosoma cruzi infection on nitric oxide synthase and arginase expression and activity in young and elderly mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:227-236. [PMID: 30248443 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elderly organisms are more susceptible to infectious diseases. However, the impact of aging on antiparasitic mechanisms, especially the nitric oxide pathway, is poorly understood. Using an integrated in vivo and in vitro model, we compared the severity of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in young and elderly (8 or 72 weeks old) mice. Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four groups: Y-inf, young infected; Yn-inf, young uninfected; A-inf, aged infected; An-inf, aged uninfected. Parasitemia was measured daily, and animals were euthanized after 15 days of infection. Trypanosoma cruzi-induced inflammatory processes were analyzed in blood and heart samples, as well as in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) co-cultured with splenocytes isolated from young or elderly mice. Our results indicated upregulated IgG2b and IL-17 production in elderly animals, which was not sufficient to reduce parasitemia, parasitic load and myocarditis to levels observed in young animals. The higher susceptibility of elderly mice to T. cruzi infection was accompanied by reduced cardiac inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression, nitric oxide (NO) and IFN-γ levels, as well as an antagonistic upregulation of arginase-1 expression and arginase activity. The same responses were observed when BMDMs co-cultured with splenocytes from elderly mice were stimulated with T. cruzi antigens. Our findings indicate that elderly mice were more susceptible to T. cruzi infection, which was potentially related to an attenuated response to antigenic stimulation, inhibition of iNOS gene expression and NO production, and antagonistic upregulation of arginase gene expression and activity, which created favorable conditions for heart parasitism and myocarditis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Felizardo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivo S Caldas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa A S Mendonça
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Tana
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Almeida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Singh R, Mukherjee A, Singla M, Das BK, Kabra SK, Lodha R. Immunological and Virological Responses to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1 Infected Children. Indian J Pediatr 2017; 84:893-6. [PMID: 28875475 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate immunological and virological outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children at six months of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS Records of HIV infected children <15-y-old were reviewed to identify those who were initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy between 2010 and 2014 and had CD4+ T cell percentage and HIV-1 viral load report at baseline visit and after 6 mo of initiation of the treatment. RESULTS Seventy-four HIV infected children [26% girls, median age IQR 36 (24-108) mo] were included in the study. At the end of six months of HAART, median increase of 11% (6-15%) in CD4+ T cell percentage from the baseline levels was observed; nineteen (26%) children showed an increase in CD4+ T cell percentage of 15% or more at 6 mo. Viral load was undetectable (<47 copies/ml) in 27 (36.4%) children; 21 (28.3%) children had 47- < 500 copies/ml; 16 (21.6%) children had 500- < 10,000 copies/ml and 10 (13.5%) children had ≥10,000 copies/ml. At six months, only 15 (20.2%) children exhibited positive immuno-virological response to HAART (≥ 15% increase in CD4% and <47 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml). CONCLUSIONS While HAART was effective in improving the immunological and virological parameters in the index cohort of children, virological responses were less robust.
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Yang X, Li X, Guo Z, Si T, Yu H, Xing W. Immunological response induced by cryoablation against murine H22 hepatoma cell line in vivo. Cryobiology 2017; 80:114-118. [PMID: 29146066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe immunological consequences induced by cryoablation against H22 cells in vivo. METHODS Adult BALB/c mice underwent subcutaneous implantation of H22 cells. All of them were assigned into three groups randomly: group A (false surgery), group B (cryoablation) and group C (cryoablation plus Freund's adjuvant). Animals were sacrificed 1, 2 and 3 weeks after treatment. Serum IFN-γ and IL-4, Th1/Th2 in spleens and cytotoxicity were detected. RESULTS Compared with that of group A, (1) INF-γ of group B was higher, but IL-4 was lower; cryoablation plus Freund's adjuvant enhanced these effects. (2) Th1/Th2 rose significantly in both group B and group C. (3) Strong cytolytic activity against H22 cells of group B and group C was found on day 7, 14 and 21. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a marked shift toward Th1 and IFN-γ expression after cryoablation, with an immuno-stimulatory effect against murine H22 hepatoma Cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Tongguo Si
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wenge Xing
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
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Yar M, Shahzadi L, Farooq A, Jalil Imran S, Cerón-Carrasco JP, den-Haan H, Kumar S, Peña-García J, Pérez-Sánchez H, Grycova A, Dvorak Z, Vrzal R. In vitro modulatory effects of functionalized pyrimidines and piperidine derivatives on Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activities. Bioorg Chem 2017; 71:285-93. [PMID: 28267985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of biologically active molecules based on molecular recognition is an attractive and challenging task in medicinal chemistry and the molecules that can activate/deactivate certain receptors are of great medical interest. In this contribution, selected pyrimidine/piperidine derivatives were synthesized and tested for the ability to activate/deactivate Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Tested compounds are shown to activate the receptors but to much lesser extent than positive controls, dioxin and dexamethasone for Ahr and GR, respectively. However, some of them antagonized the positive controls action. Although further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize the bioactivities of these compounds, the reported in vitro evidences demonstrate that they might be used as the modulators of AhR and GR activities.
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Manzhalii E, Hornuss D, Stremmel W. Intestinal-borne dermatoses significantly improved by oral application of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5415-5421. [PMID: 27340358 PMCID: PMC4910662 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effect of oral Escherichia coli (E. coli) Nissle application on the outcome of intestinal-borne dermatoses.
METHODS: In a randomized, controlled, non-blinded prospective clinical trial 82 patients with intestinal-borne facial dermatoses characterized by an erythematous papular-pustular rash were screened. At the initiation visit 37 patients entered the experimental arm and 20 patients constituted the control arm. All 57 patients were treated with a vegetarian diet and conventional topical therapy of the dermatoses with ointments containing tetracycline, steroids and retinoids. In the experimental arm patients received a one month therapy with oral E. coli Nissle at a maintenance dose of 2 capsules daily. The experimental group was compared to a non-treatment group only receiving the diet and topical therapy. The primary outcome parameter was improvement of the dermatoses, secondary parameters included life quality and adverse events. In addition the immunological reaction profile (IgA, interleucin-8 and interferon-α) was determined. Furthermore the changes of stool consistency and the microbiota composition over the time of intervention were recorded.
RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of the patients with acne, papular-pustular rosacea and seborrhoic dermatitis responded to E. coli Nissle therapy with significant amelioration or complete recovery in contrast to 56% in the control arm (P < 0.01). Accordingly, in the E. coli Nissle treated patients life quality improved significantly (P < 0.01), and adverse events were not recorded. The clinical improvement was associated with a significant increase of IgA levels to normal values in serum as well as suppression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 (P < 0.01 for both parameters). In the E. coli Nissle treated group a shift towards a protective microbiota with predominance of bifidobacteria and lactobacteria (> 107 CFU/g stool) was observed in 79% and 63% of the patients, respectively (P < 0.01), compared to no change in the control group without E. coli Nissle. Moreover, the detection rate of a pathogenic flora dropped from 73% to 14 % of the patients in the experimental arm (P < 0.01) with no significant change in the control arm (accounting 80% before and 70% after the observation period, P > 0.05). Accordingly, stool consistency, color and smell normalized in the E. coli Nissle treated patients.
CONCLUSION: E. coli Nissle protects the mucus barrier by overgrowth of a favorable gut microbiota with less immunoreactive potential which finally leads to clinical improvement of intestinal borne dermatoses.
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Chang ZW, Ke ZH, Chang CC. Roles of dopamine receptors in mediating acute modulation of immunological responses in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 49:286-297. [PMID: 26766178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) was found to influence the immunological responses and resistance to pathogen infection in invertebrates. To clarify the possible modulation of DA through dopamine receptors (DAR) against acute environmental stress, the levels of DA, glucose and lactate in the haemolymph of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under hypo- and hyperthermal stresses were measured. The changes in immune parameters such as total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and phagocytic activity (PA) were evaluated in prawns which received DAR antagonists (SCH23390, SCH, D1 antagonist; domperidone, DOM, D2 antagonist; chlorpromazine, CH, D1+2 antagonist) followed by hypo- (15 °C) and hyperthermal (34 °C) stresses. In addition, pharmacological analysis of the effect DA modulation was studied in haemocytes incubated with DA and DAR antagonists. The results revealed a significant increase in haemolymph DA accompanied with upregulated levels of glucose and lactate in prawns exposed to both hypo- and hyperthermal stresses in 2 h. In addition, a significant decrease in RBs per haemocyte was noted in prawns which received DAR antagonists when they exposed to hyperthermal stress for 30 min. In in vitro test, antagonism on RBs, SOD and GPx activity of haemocytes were further evidenced through D1, D1, D1+D2 DARs, respectively, in the meantime, no significant difference in PO activity and PA was observed among the treatment groups. These results suggest that the upregulation of DA, glucose and lactate in haemolymph might be the response to acute thermal stress for the demand of energy, and the DAR occupied by its antagonistic action impart no effect on immunological responses except RBs in vivo even though the modulation mediated through D1 DAR was further evidenced in RBs, SOD and GPx activities in vitro. It is therefore concluded that thermal stress mediate stress responses not only through DAR but also via diverse pathways, and DA might modulate the levels of RBs, SOD and GPx activities mainly through D1 DAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wen Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhi-Han Ke
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Lu QB, Cui N, Hu JG, Chen WW, Xu W, Li H, Zhang XA, Ly H, Liu W, Cao WC. Characterization of immunological responses in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: a cohort study in China. Vaccine 2015; 33:1250-5. [PMID: 25645176 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunological responses of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) remain largely unknown. We aim to study the magnitude and sustainability of host immune responses and their correlation with clinical, virological and hematological parameters. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was performed in a SFTS reference hospital. The sequential immunological evaluation was determined for SFTSV infected patients, including anti-SFTSV IgM, IgG antibodies and the lymphocyte subsets. RESULTS Altogether 298 laboratory-confirmed SFTS cases were analyzed, from whom 55 patients were followed after convalescence. SFTSV specific IgM antibody could be detected at medium of 9 days, surged to peak levels by 4 weeks, and remained persistent until 6 months after disease onset. SFTSV specific IgG antibody could be detected at medium of 6 weeks; surged to peak levels by 6 months, and remained positive in most of the patients even at 3 years after infection. SFTS patients experienced obvious T cell, B cell and NK cells loss during the first week of infection, which was rapidly restored to normal levels. A significantly lower level of humoral immunity was identified concurrently from severe disease, especially in acute phase of the infection. These abnormalities can be used as a potential indicator in the prediction of an adverse clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Information gained from this study have clinical significance in enhancing our understanding of SFTS immunological characteristics and the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bin Lu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Ning Cui
- The 154 Hospital, People's Liberation Army, Xinyang 464000, PR China
| | - Jian-Gong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- The 302 Hospital, People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Wen Xu
- The 302 Hospital, People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Hinh Ly
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN 55108, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China.
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China.
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Pondo T, Rose CE, Martin SW, Keitel WA, Keyserling HL, Babcock J, Parker S, Jacobson RM, Poland GA, McNeil MM. Evaluation of sex, race, body mass index and pre-vaccination serum progesterone levels and post-vaccination serum anti-anthrax protective immunoglobulin G on injection site adverse events following anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) in the CDC AVA human clinical trial. Vaccine 2014; 32:3548-54. [PMID: 24768633 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) administered intramuscularly (IM) results in fewer adverse events (AEs) than subcutaneous (SQ) administration. Women experience more AEs than men. Antibody response, female hormones, race, and body mass index (BMI) may contribute to increased frequency of reported injection site AEs. METHODS We analyzed data from the CDC AVA human clinical trial. This double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial enrolled 1563 participants and followed them through 8 injections (AVA or placebo) over a period of 42 months. For the trial's vaccinated cohort (n=1267), we used multivariable logistic regression to model the effects of study group (SQ or IM), sex, race, study site, BMI, age, and post-vaccination serum anti-PA IgG on occurrence of AEs of any severity grade. Also, in a women-only subset (n=227), we assessed effect of pre-vaccination serum progesterone level and menstrual phase on AEs. RESULTS Participants who received SQ injections had significantly higher proportions of itching, redness, swelling, tenderness and warmth compared to the IM study group after adjusting for other risk factors. The proportions of redness, swelling, tenderness and warmth were all significantly lower in blacks vs. non-black participants. We found arm motion limitation, itching, pain, swelling and tenderness were more likely to occur in participants with the highest anti-PA IgG concentrations. In the SQ study group, redness and swelling were more common for obese participants compared to participants who were not overweight. Females had significantly higher proportions of all AEs compared to males. Menstrual phase was not associated with any AEs. CONCLUSIONS Female and non-black participants had a higher proportion of AVA associated AEs and higher anti-PA IgG concentrations. Antibody responses to other vaccines may also vary by sex and race. Further studies may provide better understanding for higher proportions of AEs in women and non-black participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Pondo
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Charles E Rose
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stacey W Martin
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Janiine Babcock
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Scott Parker
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Michael M McNeil
- Immunization Safety Office, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Gaspar EB, Sakai YI, Gaspari ED. A mouse air pouch model for evaluating the immune response to Taenia crassiceps infection. Exp Parasitol 2013; 137:66-73. [PMID: 24378477 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The experimental system of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci infection in BALB/c mice is considered to be the most representative model of cysticercosis. In our work, mice were sacrificed 7 and 30days after infection, and pouch fluid was collected to determine the number of accumulated cells and the concentrations of IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and nitric oxide. The injection of 50 nonbudding cysticerci into normal mouse dorsal air pouches induced a high level of IFNγ and nitric oxide production relative to the parasite load. The air pouch provides a convenient cavity that allows studying the cellular immunological aspects of the T. crassiceps parasite. The nonbudding cysticerci recovered from the air pouches contained cells that can reconstitute complete cysts in the peritoneal cavity of mice. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the air pouch model is an alternative tool for the evaluation of the immune characteristics of T. crassiceps infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuriko I Sakai
- Department of Pathology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Locatello L, Fiorito G, Finos L, Rasotto MB. Behavioural and immunological responses to an immune challenge in Octopus vulgaris. Physiol Behav 2013; 122:93-9. [PMID: 24021926 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural and immunological changes consequent to stress and infection are largely unexplored in cephalopods, despite the wide employment of species such as Octopus vulgaris in studies that require their manipulation and prolonged maintenance in captivity. Here we explore O. vulgaris behavioural and immunological (i.e. haemocyte number and serum lysozyme activity) responses to an in vivo immune challenge with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Behavioural changes of immune-treated and sham-injected animals were observed in both sight-allowed and isolated conditions, i.e. visually interacting or not with a conspecific. Immune stimulation primarily caused a significant increase in the number of circulating haemocytes 4h after the treatment, while serum lysozyme activity showed a less clear response. However, the effect of LPS on the circulating haemocytes begins to vanish 24h after injection. Our observations indicate a significant change in behaviour consequent to LPS administration, with treated octopuses exhibiting a decrease of general activity pattern when kept in the isolated condition. A similar decrease was not observed in the sight-allowed condition, where we noticed a specific significant reduction only in the time spent to visually interact with the conspecific. Overall, significant, but lower, behavioural and immunological effects of injection were detected also in sham-injected animals, suggesting a non-trivial susceptibility to manipulation and haemolymph sampling. Our results gain importance in light of changes of the regulations for the use of cephalopods in scientific procedures that call for the prompt development of guidelines, covering many aspects of cephalopod provision, maintenance and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Locatello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy.
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Antonello VS, Appel-da-Silva MC, Kliemann DA, Santos BR, Tovo CV. Immune restoration in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:551-4. [PMID: 23831277 PMCID: PMC9425133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the influence of hepatitis C virus on immunological and virological responses after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients compared to monoinfected human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Methods The study enrolled 65 human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected subjects who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy and attended follow-up visits over 48 weeks from 2008 to 2010. They were grouped based on hepatitis C virus-RNA results. Virological and immunological responses were monitored at baseline and at the end of weeks 12, 24, 36, and 48. Results There were 35 human immunodeficiency virus monoinfected and 30 human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. In the present study human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection did not seem to influence CD4 T-lymphocytes recovery. There was no difference between the curves of CD4 T-lymphocytes raise of coinfected and monoinfected groups. Conclusion This prospective study confirms that hepatitis C virus infection does not seem to be associated with impaired CD4 T-lymphocytes recovery after HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Sperb Antonello
- Department of Infection Control, Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Course in Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Hussain Z, Das BC, Husain SA, Polipalli SK, Ahmed T, Begum N, Medhi S, Verghese A, Raish M, Theamboonlers A, Poovorawan Y, Kar P. Virological course of hepatitis A virus as determined by real time RT-PCR: Correlation with biochemical, immunological and genotypic profiles. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:4683-8. [PMID: 16937439 PMCID: PMC4087833 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i29.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To undertake analysis of hepatitis A viral load, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and viral genotypes with duration of viremia, and to correlate these parameters with CD4+/ CD8+ lymphocyte populations that control cell-mediated immunity.
METHODS: Cell counts were carried out using fresh whole blood collected in EDTA vials using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA was extracted from blood serum, reverse transcribed into cDNA and quantified by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction and was genotyped.
RESULTS: Among 11 patients, 10 could be analyzed completely. Of these, 3 had severe acute hepatitis (s-AH) and the remainder had a self-limited acute hepatitis A (AHA), with one patient with fulminant disease (encephalopathy Grade IV) dying on the 4th d. The ALT level was significantly higher both in AHA (1070.9 ± 894.3; P = 0.0014) and s-AH (1713.9 ± 886.3; P = 0.001) compared to normal controls (23.6 ± 7.2). The prothrombin time in s-AH patients (21.0 ± 2.0; P = 0.02) was significantly higher than in AHA (14.3 ± 1.1; P = 0.44). The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in AHA patients (1.17 ± 0.11; P = 0.22) and s-AH (0.83 ± 0.12; P = 0.0002) were lower than seen in normal healthy controls (1.52). Self-limited cases had peak viral load at the beginning of analysis while in s-AH patients this occurred at the 15th or 30th d. In acute and severe groups, one patient each belonged to genotype IA, with the remaining 8 cases belonging to genotype IIIA. The only fulminant hepatic failure case belonged to genotype IA. HAV viral load and ALT values collected during the entire course of the self-limited infection were directly correlated but this was not the case for s-AH patients.
CONCLUSION: Based on a small-scale study, the persistently higher viral load of s-AH might be due to diminished cellular immunity and hemolysis. The duration of viremia was dependent on the host, as the viral genotype had no apparent role in clinical outcome of AVH and s-AH cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- Room No. 111, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India.
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