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Moreno-Tortolero RO, Luo Y, Parmeggiani F, Skaer N, Walker R, Serpell LC, Holland C, Davis SA. Molecular organization of fibroin heavy chain and mechanism of fibre formation in Bombyx mori. Commun Biol 2024; 7:786. [PMID: 38951579 PMCID: PMC11217467 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroins' transition from liquid to solid is fundamental to spinning and underpins the impressive native properties of silk. Herein, we establish a fibroin heavy chain fold for the Silk-I polymorph, which could be relevant for other similar proteins, and explains mechanistically the liquid-to-solid transition of this silk, driven by pH reduction and flow stress. Combining spectroscopy and modelling we propose that the liquid Silk-I fibroin heavy chain (FibH) from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, adopts a newly reported β-solenoid structure. Similarly, using rheology we propose that FibH N-terminal domain (NTD) templates reversible higher-order oligomerization driven by pH reduction. Our integrated approach bridges the gap in understanding FibH structure and provides insight into the spatial and temporal hierarchical self-assembly across length scales. Our findings elucidate the complex rheological behaviour of Silk-I, solutions and gels, and the observed liquid crystalline textures within the silk gland. We also find that the NTD undergoes hydrolysis during standard regeneration, explaining key differences between native and regenerated silk feedstocks. In general, in this study we emphasize the unique characteristics of native and native-like silks, offering a fresh perspective on our fundamental understanding of silk-fibre production and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael O Moreno-Tortolero
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
- Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Yijie Luo
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Nick Skaer
- Orthox Ltd, Milton Park, 66 Innovation Drive, Abingdon, OX14 4RQ, UK
| | - Robert Walker
- Orthox Ltd, Milton Park, 66 Innovation Drive, Abingdon, OX14 4RQ, UK
| | - Louise C Serpell
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Chris Holland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Sean A Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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2
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Agostinacchio F, Fitzpatrick V, Dirè S, Kaplan DL, Motta A. Silk fibroin-based inks for in situ 3D printing using a double crosslinking process. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:122-134. [PMID: 38312518 PMCID: PMC10837071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The shortage of tissues and organs for transplantation is an urgent clinical concern. In situ 3D printing is an advanced 3D printing technique aimed at printing the new tissue or organ directly in the patient. The ink for this process is central to the outcomes, and must meet specific requirements such as rapid gelation, shape integrity, stability over time, and adhesion to surrounding healthy tissues. Among natural materials, silk fibroin exhibits fascinating properties that have made it widely studied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, further improvements in silk fibroin inks are needed to match the requirements for in situ 3D printing. In the present study, silk fibroin-based inks were developed for in situ applications by exploiting covalent crosslinking process consisting of a pre-photo-crosslinking prior to printing and in situ enzymatic crosslinking. Two different silk fibroin molecular weights were characterized and the synergistic effect of the covalent bonds with shear forces enhanced the shift in silk secondary structure toward β-sheets, thus, rapid stabilization. These hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties, stability over time, and resistance to enzymatic degradation over 14 days, with no significant changes over time in their secondary structure and swelling behavior. Additionally, adhesion to tissues in vitro was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agostinacchio
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
- BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Vincent Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sandra Dirè
- Materials Chemistry Group & “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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3
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Bitar L, Isella B, Bertella F, Bettker Vasconcelos C, Harings J, Kopp A, van der Meer Y, Vaughan TJ, Bortesi L. Sustainable Bombyx mori's silk fibroin for biomedical applications as a molecular biotechnology challenge: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130374. [PMID: 38408575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Silk is a natural engineering material with a unique set of properties. The major constituent of silk is fibroin, a protein widely used in the biomedical field because of its mechanical strength, toughness and elasticity, as well as its biocompatibility and biodegradability. The domestication of silkworms allows large amounts of fibroin to be extracted inexpensively from silk cocoons. However, the industrial extraction process has drawbacks in terms of sustainability and the quality of the final medical product. The heterologous production of fibroin using recombinant DNA technology is a promising approach to address these issues, but the production of such recombinant proteins is challenging and further optimization is required due to the large size and repetitive structure of fibroin's DNA and amino acid sequence. In this review, we describe the structure-function relationship of fibroin, the current extraction process, and some insights into the sustainability of silk production for biomedical applications. We focus on recent advances in molecular biotechnology underpinning the production of recombinant fibroin, working toward a standardized, successful and sustainable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bitar
- Maastricht University-Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands; Fibrothelium GmbH, Philipsstraße 8, 52068 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedetta Isella
- Fibrothelium GmbH, Philipsstraße 8, 52068 Aachen, Germany; Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Francesca Bertella
- Maastricht University-Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands; B4Plastics, IQ Parklaan 2A, 3650 Dilsen-Stokkem, Belgium
| | - Carolina Bettker Vasconcelos
- Maastricht University-Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands; Umlaut GmbH, Am Kraftversorgungsturm 3, 52070 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jules Harings
- Maastricht University-Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kopp
- Fibrothelium GmbH, Philipsstraße 8, 52068 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yvonne van der Meer
- Maastricht University-Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Ted J Vaughan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Luisa Bortesi
- Maastricht University-Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands.
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4
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Škrbić J, Spasojević L, Sharipova A, Aidarova S, Babayev A, Sarsembekova R, Popović L, Bučko S, Milinković Budinčić J, Fraj J, Petrović L, Katona J. Investigation of Silk Fibroin/Poly(Acrylic Acid) Interactions in Aqueous Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:936. [PMID: 38611194 PMCID: PMC11013473 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a protein with many outstanding properties (superior biocompatibility, mechanical strength, etc.) and is often used in many advanced applications (epidermal sensors, tissue engineering, etc.). The properties of SF-based biomaterials may additionally be tuned by SF interactions with other (bio)polymers. Being a weak amphoteric polyelectrolyte, SF may form polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with other polyelectrolytes of opposite charge, such as poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). PAA is a widely used, biocompatible, synthetic polyanion. Here, we investigate PEC formation between SF and PAA of two different molecular weights (MWs), low and high, using various techniques (turbidimetry, zeta potential measurements, capillary viscometry, and tensiometry). The colloidal properties of SF isolated from Bombyx mori and of PAAs (MW, overlap concentration, the influence of pH on zeta potential, adsorption at air/water interface) were determined to identify conditions for the SF-PAA electrostatic interaction. It was shown that SF-PAA PEC formation takes place at different SF:PAA ratios, at pH 3, for both high and low MW PAA. SF-PAA PEC's properties (phase separation, charge, and surface activity) are influenced by the SF:PAA mass ratio and/or the MW of PAA. The findings on the interactions contribute to the future development of SP-PAA PEC-based films and bioadhesives with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.S.); (L.P.); (J.M.B.); (J.F.); (L.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Ljiljana Spasojević
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.S.); (L.P.); (J.M.B.); (J.F.); (L.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Altynay Sharipova
- Mining and Metallurgical Institute, Satbayev University, Satbayev str. 22a, 050013 Almaty, Kazakhstan;
| | - Saule Aidarova
- Petroleum Engineering Institute “One Belt, One Road”, Kazakh–British Technical University, Tole bi str. 59, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (A.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Alpamys Babayev
- Petroleum Engineering Institute “One Belt, One Road”, Kazakh–British Technical University, Tole bi str. 59, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (A.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Raziya Sarsembekova
- Petroleum Engineering Institute “One Belt, One Road”, Kazakh–British Technical University, Tole bi str. 59, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (A.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Ljiljana Popović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.S.); (L.P.); (J.M.B.); (J.F.); (L.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Sandra Bučko
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.S.); (L.P.); (J.M.B.); (J.F.); (L.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jelena Milinković Budinčić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.S.); (L.P.); (J.M.B.); (J.F.); (L.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jadranka Fraj
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.S.); (L.P.); (J.M.B.); (J.F.); (L.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Lidija Petrović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.S.); (L.P.); (J.M.B.); (J.F.); (L.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaroslav Katona
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.S.); (L.P.); (J.M.B.); (J.F.); (L.P.); (J.K.)
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5
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Chen W, Liu K, Liao X, Wu J, Chen L, Yang Z, Wang X, Liao Y, Fu G, Yang X, Wang Z, Qu G, Wang L, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Yang C, Ni S, Zheng J, Tao TH, Zou D. Harmonizing Thickness and Permeability in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Novel Silk Fibroin Membrane Inspired by Spider Silk Dynamics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310697. [PMID: 38102951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration gathers significant interest in the realm of bone tissue engineering; however, the interplay between membrane thickness and permeability continues to pose a challenge that can be addressed by the water-collecting mechanism of spider silk, where water droplets efficiently move from smooth filaments to rough conical nodules. Inspired by the natural design of spider silk, an innovative silk fibroin membrane is developed featuring directional fluid transportation via harmoniously integrating a smooth, dense layer with a rough, loose layer; conical microchannels are engineered in the smooth and compact layer. Consequently, double-layered membranes with cone-shaped microporous passageways (CSMP-DSF membrane) are designed for in situ bone repair. Through extensive in vitro testing, it is noted that the CSMP-DSF membrane guides liquid flow from the compact layer's surface to the loose layer, enabling rapid diffusion. Remarkably, the CSMP-DSF membrane demonstrates superior mechanical properties and resistance to bacterial adhesion. When applied in vivo, the CSMP-DSF membrane achieves results on par with the commercial Bio-Gide collagen membranes. This innovative integration of a cross-thickness wetting gradient structure offers a novel solution, harmonizing the often-conflicting requirements of material transport, mechanical strength, and barrier effectiveness, while also addressing issues related to tissue engineering scaffold perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenze Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Keyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liao
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yinxiu Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guiqiang Fu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaonian Yang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zishuo Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guanlin Qu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - ZhiYuan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chi Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Siyuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jisi Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Duohong Zou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
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6
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Pacheco MO, Lutz HM, Armada J, Davies N, Gerzenshtein IK, Cakley AS, Spiess BD, Stoppel WL. Silk Fibroin Particles as Carriers in the Development of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023; 3:2300019. [PMID: 38708087 PMCID: PMC11068031 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxygen therapeutics have a range of applications in transfusion medicine and disease treatment. Synthetic molecules and all-natural or semi-synthetic hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have seen success as potential circulating oxygen carriers. However, many early HBOC products stalled in development due to side effects from excess hemoglobin in the blood stream and hemoglobin entering the tissue. To overcome these issues, research has focused on increasing the molecular diameter of hemoglobin by polymerizing hemoglobin molecules or encapsulating hemoglobin in liposomal carriers. This work leverages the properties of silk fibroin, a cytocompatible and non-thrombogenic biopolymer, known to entrap protein-based cargo, to engineer a fully protein-based oxygen carrier. Herein, an all-aqueous solvent evaporation technique was used to form silk particles via phase separation from a bulk polyvinyl alcohol phase (PVA). Particles size was tuned, and particles were formed with and without hemoglobin. The encapsulation efficiency and ferrous state of hemoglobin were analyzed, resulting in 60% encapsulation efficiency and a maximum of 20% ferric hemoglobin, yielding 100 µg/mL active hemoglobin in certain sfHBOC formulations. The system did not elicit a strong inflammation response in vitro, demonstrating the potential for this particle system to serve as an injectable HBOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa O Pacheco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Henry M Lutz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Jostin Armada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Nickolas Davies
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | | | - Alaura S Cakley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Bruce D Spiess
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Whitney L Stoppel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
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7
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Huang L, Shi J, Zhou W, Zhang Q. Advances in Preparation and Properties of Regenerated Silk Fibroin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13153. [PMID: 37685960 PMCID: PMC10487664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, silk fibroin (SF) has gained significant attention in various fields, such as biomedicine, tissue engineering, food processing, photochemistry, and biosensing, owing to its remarkable biocompatibility, machinability, and chemical modifiability. The process of obtaining regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) involves degumming, dissolving, dialysis, and centrifugation. RSF can be further fabricated into films, sponges, microspheres, gels, nanofibers, and other forms. It is now understood that the dissolution method selected greatly impacts the molecular weight distribution and structure of RSF, consequently influencing its subsequent processing and application. This study comprehensively explores and summarizes different dissolution methods of SF while examining their effects on the structure and performance of RSF. The findings presented herein aim to provide valuable insights and references for researchers and practitioners interested in utilizing RSF in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qing Zhang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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8
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Liu X, Huang Q, Pan P, Fang M, Zhang Y, Yang S, Li M, Liu Y. Comparative Study of the Preparation of High-Molecular-Weight Fibroin by Degumming Silk with Several Neutral Proteases. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3383. [PMID: 37631440 PMCID: PMC10459046 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Removing sericin from the periphery of silk without damage to silk fibroin (SF) to obtain high-molecular-weight SF is a major challenge in the field of SF-based biomaterials. In this study, four neutral proteases, subtilisin, trypsin, bromelain and papain, were used to degum silk, and the degumming efficiency of the proteases and their influence on the molecular weight (MW) of regenerated silk fibroin were studied. The results indicated that all four neutral proteases could remove sericin from silk almost completely, and they caused less damage to SF fibers than Na2CO3 degumming did. The degumming efficiency of trypsin and papain was strong, but they caused relatively high damage to SF, whereas bromelain caused the least damage. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel permeation chromatography and shear viscosity showed that the MWs of regenerated SF derived from neutral protease degumming were significantly higher than that of SF derived from Na2CO3 degumming. The MW of regenerated SF derived from bromelain degumming was the highest, while the MWs of regenerated SF derived from papain and trypsin degumming were relatively low. This study provides an efficient and environmentally friendly biological degumming method for obtaining high-molecular-weight silk fibroin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.L.); (Q.H.); (P.P.); (M.F.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.L.); (Q.H.); (P.P.); (M.F.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
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9
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Pacheco MO, Lutz HM, Armada J, Davies N, Gerzenshtein IK, Cakley AS, Spiess BD, Stoppel WL. Silk Fibroin Particles as Carriers in the Development of All-Natural Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530637. [PMID: 36909572 PMCID: PMC10002772 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen therapeutics have a range of applications in transfusion medicine and disease treatment. Synthetic molecules and all-natural or semi-synthetic hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have seen success as potential circulating oxygen carriers. However, many early HBOC products were removed from the market due to side effects from excess hemoglobin in the blood stream and hemoglobin entering the tissue. To overcome these issues, research has focused on increasing the molecular diameter of hemoglobin by polymerizing hemoglobin molecules or encapsulating hemoglobin in liposomal carriers, where immune responses and circulation times remain a challenge. This work looks to leverage the properties of silk fibroin, a cytocompatible and non-thrombogenic biopolymer, known to entrap protein-based cargo, to engineer a silk fibroin-hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (sfHBOC). Herein, an all-aqueous solvent evaporation technique was used to form silk fibroin particles with and without hemoglobin to tailor the formulation for specific particle sizes. The encapsulation efficiency and ferrous state of hemoglobin were analyzed, resulting in 60% encapsulation efficiency and a maximum of 20% ferric hemoglobin, yielding 100 µg/mL active hemoglobin in certain sfHBOC formulations. The system did not elicit a strong inflammation response in vitro, demonstrating the potential for this particle system to serve as an injectable HBOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa O Pacheco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Henry M Lutz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Jostin Armada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Nickolas Davies
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | | | - Alaura S Cakley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Bruce D Spiess
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Whitney L Stoppel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
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10
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Blamires SJ, Rawal A, Edwards AD, Yarger JL, Oberst S, Allardyce BJ, Rajkhowa R. Methods for Silk Property Analyses across Structural Hierarchies and Scales. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052120. [PMID: 36903366 PMCID: PMC10003856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk from silkworms and spiders is an exceptionally important natural material, inspiring a range of new products and applications due to its high strength, elasticity, and toughness at low density, as well as its unique conductive and optical properties. Transgenic and recombinant technologies offer great promise for the scaled-up production of new silkworm- and spider-silk-inspired fibres. However, despite considerable effort, producing an artificial silk that recaptures the physico-chemical properties of naturally spun silk has thus far proven elusive. The mechanical, biochemical, and other properties of pre-and post-development fibres accordingly should be determined across scales and structural hierarchies whenever feasible. We have herein reviewed and made recommendations on some of those practices for measuring the bulk fibre properties; skin-core structures; and the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of silk proteins and the properties of dopes and their proteins. We thereupon examine emerging methodologies and make assessments on how they might be utilized to realize the goal of developing high quality bio-inspired fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Blamires
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Aditya Rawal
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Angela D. Edwards
- School of Molecular Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Yarger
- School of Molecular Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Sebastian Oberst
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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11
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Yang F, Cai B, Gu H, Wang F. Comparative Investigation on the Structure and Properties of Protein Films from Domestic and Wild Silkworms through Ultrasonic Regeneration. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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12
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Yamahara S, Montenegro Raudales JL, Akiyama Y, Ito M, Chimedtseren I, Arai Y, Wakita T, Hiratsuka T, Miyazawa K, Goto S, Honda M. Appropriate pore size for bone formation potential of porous collagen type I-based recombinant peptide. Regen Ther 2022; 21:294-306. [PMID: 36110974 PMCID: PMC9445290 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this study, we developed porous medium cross-linked recombinant collagen peptide (mRCP) with two different ranges of interconnected pore sizes, Small-mRCP (S-mRCP) with a range of 100–300 μm and Large-mRCP (L-mRCP) with a range of 200–500 μm, to compare the effect of pore size on bone regeneration in a calvarial bone defect. Methods Calvarial bone defects were created in Sprague–Dawley rats through a surgical procedure. The rats were divided into 2 groups: S-mRCP implanted group and L-mRCP implanted group. The newly formed bone volume and bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) immediately after implantation and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after implantation. In addition, histological analyses were carried out with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining at 4 weeks after implantation to measure the newly formed bone area between each group in the entire defect, as well as the central side, the two peripheral sides (right and left), the periosteal (top) side and the dura matter (bottom) side of the defect. Results Micro-CT analysis showed no significant differences in the amount of bone volume between the S-mRCP and L-mRCP implanted groups at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after implantation. BMD was equivalent to that of the adjacent native calvaria bone at 4 weeks after implantation. H&E images showed that the newly formed bone area in the entire defect was significantly larger in the S-mRCP implanted group than in the L-mRCP implanted group. Furthermore, the amount of newly formed bone area in all sides of the defect was significantly more in the S-mRCP implanted group than in the L-mRCP implanted group. Conclusion These results indicate that the smaller pore size range of 100–300 μm is appropriate for mRCP in bone regeneration. This study confirmed the regenerative potential of mRCP as novel bone substitute. mRCP with 2 different interconnected pores sizes have been developed. The smaller pore size range of 100–300 μm was optimal for calvarial bone regeneration. The slower absorption rate of smaller pore size mRCP influenced its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yamahara
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Jorge Luis Montenegro Raudales
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yasunori Akiyama
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Ichinnorov Chimedtseren
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Arai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Taku Wakita
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiratsuka
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan. Tel.: +81-52-751-2561; Fax.: +81-52-752-5988
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13
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Franco AR, Pirraco R, Fernandes EM, Rodrigues F, Leonor IB, Kaplan DL, Reis RL. Untangling the biological and inflammatory behavior of silk-like sutures In vivo. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Bucciarelli A, Motta A. Use of Bombyx mori silk fibroin in tissue engineering: From cocoons to medical devices, challenges, and future perspectives. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212982. [PMID: 35882138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin has become a prominent material in tissue engineering (TE) over the last 20 years with almost 10,000 published works spanning in all the TE applications, from skeleton to neuronal regeneration. Fibroin is an extremely versatile biopolymer that, due to its ease of processing, has enabled the development of an entire plethora of materials whose properties and architectures can be tailored to suit target applications. Although the research and development of fibroin TE materials and devices is mature, apart from sutures, only a few medical products made of fibroin are used in the clinical routines. <40 clinical trials of Bombyx mori silk-related products have been reported by the FDA and few of them resulted in a commercialized device. In this review, after explaining the structure and properties of silk fibroin, we provide an overview of both fibroin constructs existing in the literature and fibroin devices used in clinic. Through the comparison of these two categories, we identified the burning issues faced by fibroin products during their translation to the market. Two main aspects will be considered. The first is the standardization of production processes, which leads both to the standardization of the characteristics of the issued device and the correct assessment of its failure. The second is the FDA regulations, which allow new devices to be marketed through the 510(k) clearance by demonstrating their equivalence to a commercialized medical product. The history of some fibroin medical devices will be taken as a case study. Finally, we will outline a roadmap outlining what actions we believe are needed to bring fibroin products to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bucciarelli
- CNR nanotech, National Council of Research, University Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech research centre and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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15
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Intraarticularly injectable silk hydrogel microspheres with enhanced mechanical and structural stability to attenuate osteoarthritis. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121611. [PMID: 35660867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A silk fibroin (silk) hydrogel was prepared by using diglycidyl ether (BDDE), a chemical crosslinker commonly used to generate Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved hyaluronic acid (HA) medical products. The silk/BDDE hydrogels exhibited high elasticity (compressive modulus of 166 ± 15.0 kPa), anti-fatigue properties, and stable structure and mechanical strength in aqueous solution. Chemical crosslinking was conducted in a high concentration (9.3 M) of lithium bromide (LiBr) solution, a salt that is commonly used to dissolve degummed silk fibers during silk solubilization. The unfolded and extended structure of silk molecules with these reaction conditions, as well as the unique ionic environment provided by LiBr facilitated a high degree of crosslinking in the hydrogel. Similar hydrogels were not obtained when the silk was dissolved in other silk fiber-dissolving reagents (e.g., Ajisawa's, formic acid (FA)/LiBr, FA/CaCl2 solutions), likely because partially folded silk structures and the ionic conditions with these reagents were less favorable for the crosslinking reaction. Based on these findings, silk/BDDE hydrogel spheres were prepared using an oil/water (o/w) emulsification method and biocompatibility and biodegradation were evaluated in vivo, along with other silk gel control systems (e.g., enzyme-catalyzed di-tyrosine and pulverized silk/BDDE gel particles with irregular shapes). Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the silk/BDDE hydrogel spheres were biocompatible and served as a bio-lubricant to treat osteoarthritis (OA). The intra-articular injection of the gel spheres reduced pain as measured with OA rats, reduced cartilage damage and resisted the digestive environment in the articular cavity for extended time frames (>4 weeks), suggesting utility for pain relief and sustained drug release for future OA treatments.
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16
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Shen X, Shi H, Wei H, Wu B, Xia Q, Yeo J, Huang W. Engineering Natural and Recombinant Silks for Sustainable Biodevices. Front Chem 2022; 10:881028. [PMID: 35601555 PMCID: PMC9117649 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.881028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a structural protein derived from natural silkworm silks. Materials fabricated based on SF usually inherit extraordinary physical and biological properties, including high mechanical strength, toughness, optical transparency, tailorable biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Therefore, SF has attracted interest in the development of sustainable biodevices, especially for emergent bio-electronic technologies. To expand the function of current silk devices, the SF characteristic sequence has been used to synthesize recombinant silk proteins that benefit from SF and other functional peptides, such as stimuli-responsive elastin peptides. In addition to genetic engineering methods, innovated chemistry modification approaches and improved material processing techniques have also been developed for fabricating advanced silk materials with tailored chemical features and nanostructures. Herein, this review summarizes various methods to synthesize functional silk-based materials from different perspectives. This review also highlights the recent advances in the applications of natural and recombinant silks in tissue regeneration, soft robotics, and biosensors, using B. mori SF and silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Shen
- The Zhejiang University - University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyuan Shi
- J Lab for Engineering Living Materials, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hongda Wei
- The Zhejiang University - University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boxuan Wu
- The Zhejiang University - University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Xia
- The Zhejiang University - University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- J Lab for Engineering Living Materials, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Wenwen Huang
- The Zhejiang University - University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwen Huang,
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17
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Hu J, Albadawi H, Zhang Z, Salomao MA, Gunduz S, Rehman S, D'Amone L, Mayer JL, Omenetto F, Oklu R. Silk Embolic Material for Catheter-Directed Endovascular Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106865. [PMID: 34695275 PMCID: PMC8758542 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Embolization is a catheter-based minimally invasive procedure that deliberately occludes diseased blood vessels for treatment purposes. A novel silk-based embolic material (SEM) that is developed and optimized to provide tandem integration of both embolization and the delivery of therapeutics is reported. Natural silk is processed into fibroin proteins of varying lengths and is combined with charged nanoclay particles to allow visibility and injectability using clinical catheters as small as 600 μm in diameter at lengths >100 cm. SEMs loaded with fluorochrome labeled bovine albumin and Nivolumab, which is among the most used immunotherapy drugs worldwide, demonstrate a sustained release profile in vitro over 28 days. In a porcine renal survival model, SEMs with labeled albumin and Nivolumab successfully embolize porcine arteries without recanalization and lead to the delivery of both albumin and Nivolumab into the interstitial space of the renal cortex. Mechanistically, it is shown that tissue delivery is most optimal when the internal elastic membrane of the embolized artery is disrupted. SEM is a potential next-generation multifunctional embolic agent that can achieve embolization and deliver a wide range of therapeutics to treat vascular diseases including tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Hu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Hassan Albadawi
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Zefu Zhang
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Marcela A Salomao
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Seyda Gunduz
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Suliman Rehman
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Luciana D'Amone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Joseph L Mayer
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Fiorenzo Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Laboratory for Living Devices, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
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Wöltje M, Kölbel A, Aibibu D, Cherif C. A Fast and Reliable Process to Fabricate Regenerated Silk Fibroin Solution from Degummed Silk in 4 Hours. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910565. [PMID: 34638905 PMCID: PMC8508919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin has a high potential for use in several approaches for technological and biomedical applications. However, industrial production has been difficult to date due to the lengthy manufacturing process. Thus, this work investigates a novel procedure for the isolation of non-degraded regenerated silk fibroin that significantly reduces the processing time from 52 h for the standard methods to only 4 h. The replacement of the standard degumming protocol by repeated short-term microwave treatments enabled the generation of non-degraded degummed silk fibroin. Subsequently, a ZnCl2 solution was used to completely solubilize the degummed fibroin at only 45 °C with an incubation time of only 1 h. Desalting was performed by gel filtration. Based on these modifications, it was possible to generate a cytocompatible aqueous silk fibroin solution from degummed silk within only 4 h, thus shortening the total process time by 48 h without degrading the quality of the isolated silk fibroin solution.
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Agostinacchio F, Maniglio D, Callone E, Migliaresi C, Dirè S, Motta A. A novel and selective silk fibroin fragmentation method. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6863-6872. [PMID: 34227640 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the tissue-engineering field silk fibroin can be tailored to the target applications by modifying its secondary structure and molecular weight, and functionalizing the molecule with specific active groups linked to the amino acid side chains. To better tune the silk fibroin molecular weight and structural properties, we propose the creation of a lower molecular weight fibroin-derived material through a selective and tunable enzymatic attack on the fibroin chain. Cleavage at specific amino acid sites leads to precise silk fibroin fragmentation and, thus, lower molecular weight materials whose length and properties can be tuned with the enzyme concentration. The cleavage increased the presence of free amino groups, hence reactivity, and aqueous solutions of the resulting polymer remained stable for up to seven days. Films of fragmented fibroin were prepared and characterized, demonstrating that the fragmentation did not affect β-sheet formation after methanol treatment, but differences were detected after the water-vapor annealing process, confirmed by structural and thermal analyses. The adopted fragmentation method is fast, controllable and precise, allowing the creation of a silk-derived material class that is stable in water, with a tunable molecular weight and secondary structure rearrangements, and is thus a versatile tool for the further tunability and modulation of bioengineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agostinacchio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento, Italy. and BIOTech Research Center, European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, Trento, Italy
| | - Devid Maniglio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento, Italy. and BIOTech Research Center, European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuela Callone
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento, Italy. and Department of Industrial Engineering, "Klaus Müller" Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento, Italy. and BIOTech Research Center, European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, Trento, Italy
| | - Sandra Dirè
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento, Italy. and Department of Industrial Engineering, "Klaus Müller" Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento, Italy. and BIOTech Research Center, European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, Trento, Italy
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20
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Tang Z, Wang X, Yang J, Song X, Huang Y, Chen C, Yang H, Fu Z, Gong X, Chen G. Microconvex Dot-Featured Silk Fibroin Films for Promoting Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis via Enhancing the Expression of bFGF and VEGF. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2420-2429. [PMID: 33878261 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient vascularization of grafts often leads to delayed tissue ingrowth and impaired tissue function in tissue engineering. The surface topography of grafts plays critical roles in angiogenesis. In the present study, we prepared silk fibroin (SF)-based microtopography films with the number of convex dots ranging from 37 to 4835/mm2. The convex dot-featured topography surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, a Profilm3D optical profilometer, atomic force microscopy, and a contact angle goniometer. The effect of microtopographic films on the proliferation, adhesion, and expression of angiogenic factors of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. Our results demonstrated that the SF film surface with 2899 convex dots/mm2 significantly enhanced adhesion, viability, and levels of vascular endothelial growth factors and basic fibroblast growth factors of HUVECs and significantly downregulated the level of α-SMA in human aortic smooth muscle cells, indicating that the microtopographic films could promote angiogenesis. Furthermore, in vitro results showed that HUVEC proliferation was positively correlated with yes-associated protein (YAP) activation, suggesting that the enhanced angiogenesis was mediated via the YAP pathway. Finally, mice subcutaneous embedding model results indicated that the SF film surface with 2899 convex dots/mm2 could significantly enhance angiogenesis in vivo. Altogether, our results showed that the SF film surface with 2899 convex dots/mm2 promoted the angiogenesis of HUVECs and offered a novel angiogenesis-promoting strategy of implant surface design for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexiong Tang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiongbo Song
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhenlan Fu
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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21
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Uddin MG, Allardyce BJ, Rashida N, Rajkhowa R. Mechanical, structural and biodegradation characteristics of fibrillated silk fibres and papers. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:20-32. [PMID: 33667557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We characterised fibres and papers of microfibrillated silk from Bombyx mori produced by mechanical and enzymatic process. Milling increased the specific surface area of fibres from 1.5 to 8.5 m2/g and that enzymatic pre-treatment increased it further to 16.5 m2/g. These fibrils produced a uniform, significantly strong (tenacity 55 Nm/g) and stiff (Young's modulus > 2 GPa) papers. Enzymatic pre-treatment did not reduce molecular weight and tensile strength of papers but significantly improved fibrillation. Silk remained highly crystalline throughout the fibrillation process. Protease biodegradation was more rapid after fibrillation. Biodegradation was impacted by structural change due to enzymatic pre-treatment during the fibrillation. Biodegraded silk had much higher thermal degradation temperature. The unique combination of high strength, slow yet predicable degradation and controllable wicking properties make the materials ideally suited to biomedical and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Gias Uddin
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | | | - Nigar Rashida
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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22
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Bucciarelli A, Greco G, Corridori I, Pugno NM, Motta A. A Design of Experiment Rational Optimization of the Degumming Process and Its Impact on the Silk Fibroin Properties. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1374-1393. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bucciarelli
- Microsystem Technology Group, Center for Materials and Microsystems, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 9, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Gabriele Greco
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corridori
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Nicola M. Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, Trento 38123, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E14NS London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engieneering, University of Trento, Via Delle Regole 101, Trento 38123, Italy
- BIOTech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Via Delle Regole 101, Trento 38123, Italy
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23
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Santi S, Mancini I, Dirè S, Callone E, Speranza G, Pugno N, Migliaresi C, Motta A. A Bio-inspired Multifunctionalized Silk Fibroin. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:507-516. [PMID: 33476122 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A bio-inspired multifunctionalized silk fibroin (BMS) was synthesized in order to mimic the interaction of nidogen with the type IV collagen and laminin of basement membranes. The designed BMS consists of a motif of laminin α-chain-derived, called IK peptide, and type IV collagen covalently bound to the silk fibroin (SF) by using EDC/NHS coupling and a Cu-free click chemistry reaction, respectively. Silk fibroin was chosen as the main component of the BMS because it is versatile and biocompatible, induces an in vivo favorable bioresponse, and moreover can be functionalized with different methods. The chemical structure of BMS was analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, and colorimetric assay. The SF and BMS solutions were cross-linked by sonication to form hydrogels or casted to make films in order to evaluate and compare the early adhesion and viability of MRC5 cells. BMS hydrogels were also characterized by rheological and thermal analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Santi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.,BIOTech Research Center, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ines Mancini
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physics, University of Trento, via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sandra Dirè
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.,"Klaus Mueller" Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuela Callone
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.,"Klaus Mueller" Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Giorgio Speranza
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.,FBK-irst, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy.,IFN - CNR, CSMFO Lab. & FBK CMM, via alla Cascata, 56/C Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1-4NS London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.,BIOTech Research Center, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.,BIOTech Research Center, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
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24
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Yao Y, Allardyce BJ, Rajkhowa R, Guo C, Mu X, Hegh D, Zhang J, Lynch P, Wang X, Kaplan DL, Razal JM. Spinning Regenerated Silk Fibers with Improved Toughness by Plasticizing with Low Molecular Weight Silk. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:788-799. [PMID: 33337131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular weight (LMW) silk was utilized as a LMW silk plasticizer for regenerated silk, generating weak physical crosslinks between high-molecular weight (HMW) silk chains in the amorphous regions of a mixed solution of HMW/LMW silk. The plasticization effect of LMW silk was investigated using mechanical testing, Raman spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Small amounts (10%) of LMW silk resulted in a 19.4% enhancement in fiber extensibility and 37.8% increase in toughness. The addition of the LMW silk facilitated the movement of HMW silk chains during drawing, resulting in an increase in molecular chain orientation when compared with silk spun from 100% HMW silk solution. The best regenerated silk fibers produced in this work had an orientation factor of 0.94 and crystallinity of 47.82%, close to the values of natural degummedBombyx mori silk fiber. The approach and mechanism elucidated here can facilitate artificial silk systems with enhanced properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yao
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | | | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Chengchen Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Dylan Hegh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Jizhen Zhang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Peter Lynch
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Xungai Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Joselito M Razal
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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25
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Heichel DL, Vy NCH, Ward SP, Adamson DH, Burke KA. Controlled radical polymerization of hydrophilic and zwitterionic brush-like polymers from silk fibroin surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10392-10406. [PMID: 33112356 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori silk fibroin is a fibrous protein whose tunable properties and biocompatibility have resulted in its utility in a wide-variety of applications, including as drug delivery vehicles, wound dressings, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Control of protein and cell attachment is vital to the performance of biomaterials, but silk fibroin is mostly hydrophobic and interacts nonspecifically with cells and proteins. Silk functionalised with hydrophilic polymers reduces attachment, but the low number of reactive sites makes achieving a uniform conjugation a persistent challenge. This work presents a new approach to grow brush-like polymers from the surface of degradable silk films, where the films were enriched with hydroxyl groups, functionalised with an initiator, and finally reacted with acrylate monomers using atom transfer radical polymerisation. Two different routes to hydroxyl enrichment were investigated, one involving reaction with ethylene oxide (EO) and the other using a two-step photo-catalysed oxidation reaction. Both routes increased surface hydrophilicity, and hydrophilic monomers containing either uncharged (poly(ethylene glycol), PEG) pendant groups or zwitterionic pendant groups were polymerised from the surfaces. The initial processing of the films to induce beta sheet structures was found to impact the success of the polymerizations. Compared to the EO modified or unmodified silk surfaces, the oxidation reaction resulted in more polymer conjugation and the surfaces appear more uniform. Mesenchymal stem cell and protein attachment were the lowest on polymers grown from oxidised surfaces. PEG-containing brush-like polymers displayed lower protein attachment than surfaces conjugated with PEG using a previously reported "grafting to" method, but polymers containing zwitterionic side chains displayed both the lowest contact angles and the lowest cell and protein attachment. This finding may arise from the interactions of the zwitterionic pendant groups through their permanent dipoles and is an important finding because PEG is susceptible to oxidative damage that can reduce efficacy over time. These modified silk materials with lower cell and protein attachments are envisioned to find utility when enhanced diffusion around surfaces is required, such as in drug delivery implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Heichel
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA
| | - Ngoc Chau H Vy
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA
| | - Shawn P Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road Unit 3060, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Douglas H Adamson
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road Unit 3060, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Kelly A Burke
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road Unit 3222, Storrs, CT 06269-3222, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road Unit 3247, Storrs, CT 06269-3247, USA
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26
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Vasilyev AV, Kuznetsova VS, Bukharova TB, Grigoriev TE, Zagoskin Y, Korolenkova MV, Zorina OA, Chvalun SN, Goldshtein DV, Kulakov AA. Development prospects of curable osteoplastic materials in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04686. [PMID: 32817899 PMCID: PMC7424217 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents classification of the thermosetting materials for bone augmentation. The physical, mechanical, biological, and clinical properties of such materials are reviewed. There are two main types of curable osteoplastic materials: bone cements and hydrogels. Compared to hydrogels, bone cements have high strength features, but their biological properties are not ideal and must be improved. Hydrogels are biocompatible and closely mimic the extracellular matrix. They can be used as cytocompatible scaffolds for tissue engineering, as can protein- and nucleic acid-activated structures. Hydrogels may be impregnated with osteoinductors such as proteins and genetic vectors without conformational changes. However, the mechanical properties of hydrogels limit their use for load-bearing bone defects. Thus, improving the strength properties of hydrogels is one of the possible strategies to achieve the basis for an ideal osteoplastic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Vasilyev
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia.,Research Centre of Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - V S Kuznetsova
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia.,Research Centre of Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - M V Korolenkova
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Zorina
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - A A Kulakov
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Sahoo JK, Choi J, Hasturk O, Laubach I, Descoteaux ML, Mosurkal S, Wang B, Zhang N, Kaplan DL. Silk degumming time controls horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed hydrogel properties. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4176-4185. [PMID: 32608410 PMCID: PMC7390697 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00512f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels provide promising applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with silk fibroin (SF) offering biocompatibility, biodegradability and tunable mechanical properties. The molecular weight (MW) distribution of SF chains varies from ∼80 to 400 kDa depending on the extraction and purification process utilized to prepare the protein polymer. Here, we report a fundamental study on the effect of different silk degumming (extraction) time (DT) on biomaterial properties of enzymatically crosslinked hydrogels, including secondary structure, mechanical stiffness, in vitro degradation, swelling/contraction, optical transparency and cell behaviour. The results indicate that DT plays a crucial role in determining material properties of the hydrogel; decrease in DT increases β-sheet (crystal) formation and mechanical stiffness while decreasing degradation rate and optical transparency. The findings on the relationships between properties of silk hydrogels and DT should facilitate the more rational design of silk-based hydrogel biomaterials to match properties needed for diverse purpose in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Onur Hasturk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Isabel Laubach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Marc L Descoteaux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Shreyas Mosurkal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Boyang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Nina Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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28
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Raia NR, Jia D, Ghezzi CE, Muthukumar M, Kaplan DL. Characterization of silk-hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels towards vitreous humor substitutes. Biomaterials 2020; 233:119729. [PMID: 31927250 PMCID: PMC7007602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple ophthalmic pathologies, such as retinal detachment and diabetic retinopathy, require the removal and replacement of the vitreous humor. Clinical tamponades such as silicone oil and fluorinated gases are utilized but limited due to complications and toxicity. Therefore, there is a need for biocompatible, stable, vitreous humor substitutes. In this study, enzymatically crosslinked silk-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels formed using horseradish peroxidase and H2O2 were characterized for use as vitreous humor substitutes. The composite network structure was characterized with dynamic light scattering. In addition, the rheological, optical, and swelling properties of hydrogels with varying silk to HA ratios and crosslinking densities controlled via H2O2 were determined over time. Hydrogels had refractive indexes of 1.336 and were clear with 75-91% light transmission. Hydrogel shear storage modulus ranged between ~6 and 240 Pa where increased H2O2 increased the modulus. After 1 month of aging, there were no changes in modulus for hydrogels with lower silk ratios, while those with higher silk ratios exhibited a significant increase in modulus. Decreasing H2O2 concentration in the reactions led to increased hydrogel volume during swelling, with higher silk ratios returning to their original size after 15 days. Dynamic light scattering results show three diffusive modes, revealing the possible structures of the hydrogel composite and are consistent with the mechanical properties and swelling results. The normalized intraocular pressure of ex vivo porcine eyes after injecting hydrogels were comparable with those treated with silicone oil showing the potential clinical utility of the hydrogels as vitreous substitutes. The versatility of the silk-HA hydrogel system, the tunable swelling properties, and the stability of hydrogels with lower silk ratios show the benefit of utilizing silk-HA hydrogels as vitreous substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Raia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Di Jia
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Dr., Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Chiara E Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University St., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Dr., Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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29
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Umuhoza D, Yang F, Long D, Hao Z, Dai J, Zhao A. Strategies for Tuning the Biodegradation of Silk Fibroin-Based Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1290-1310. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Umuhoza
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Commercial Insect Program, Sericulture, Rwanda Agricultural Board, 5016 Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dingpei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanzhang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Sun H, Marelli B. Polypeptide templating for designer hierarchical materials. Nat Commun 2020; 11:351. [PMID: 31953407 PMCID: PMC6969164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in directing the assembly of biomacromolecules into well-defined nanostructures, leveraging pathway complexity of molecular disorder to order transition while bridging materials fabrication from nano- to macroscale remains a challenge. Here, we present templated crystallization of structural proteins to nanofabricate hierarchically structured materials up to centimeter scale, using silk fibroin as an example. The process involves the use of ordered peptide supramolecular assemblies as templates to direct the folding and assembly of silk fibroin into nanofibrillar structures. Silk polymorphs can be engineered by varying the peptide seeds used. Modulation of the relative concentration between silk fibroin and peptide seeds, silk fibroin molecular weight and pH allows control over nanofibrils morphologies and mechanical properties. Finally, facile integration of the bottom-up templated crystallization with emerging top-down techniques enables the generation of macroscopic nanostructured materials with potential applications in information storage/encryption, surface functionalization, and printable three-dimensional constructs of customized architecture and controlled anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Laboratory for Advanced Biopolymers, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Laboratory for Advanced Biopolymers, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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31
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Brif A, Laity P, Claeyssens F, Holland C. Dynamic Photo-cross-linking of Native Silk Enables Macroscale Patterning at a Microscale Resolution. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:705-714. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Brif
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, U.K
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Peter Laity
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Chris Holland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, U.K
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32
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Singh YP, Bandyopadhyay A, Mandal BB. 3D Bioprinting Using Cross-Linker-Free Silk-Gelatin Bioink for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33684-33696. [PMID: 31453678 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue is deprived of intrinsic self-regeneration capability; hence, its damage often progresses to a chronic condition which reduces the quality of life. Toward the fabrication of functional tissue substitutes, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has progressed vastly over the last few decades. However, this progress is challenged by the difficulty in developing suitable bioink materials as most of them require toxic chemical cross-linking. In this study, our goal was to develop a cross-linker-free bioink with optimal rheology for polymer extrusion, aqueous, and nontoxic processing and offers structural support for cartilage regeneration. Toward this, we use the self-gelling ability of silk fibroin blends (Bombyx mori and Philosamia ricini) along with gelatin as a bulking agent. Silk and gelatin interact with each other through entanglement and physical cross-linking. The ink was rheologically and structurally optimized for printing efficiency in printing grid-like structures. The printed 3D constructs show optimal swelling capability, degradability, and compressive strength. Further, the construct supports the growth and proliferation of encapsulated chondrocytes and formation of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix as indicated by the increased sulfated glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents. This was further corroborated by the upregulation of chondrogenic gene expression with minimal hypertrophy of chondrocytes. Additionally, the construct demonstrates in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Notably, the ink demonstrates good print fidelity for printing anatomical structures such as the human ear enabled by optimized extrudability at adequate resolution. Altogether, the results indicate that the developed cross-linker-free silk-gelatin polymer-based bioink demonstrated high potential for its 3D bioprintability and application in cartilage tissue engineering.
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33
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Heichel DL, Burke KA. Dual-Mode Cross-Linking Enhances Adhesion of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels to Intestinal Tissue. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3246-3259. [PMID: 33405568 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Compared to conventional wound closure methods like sutures and staples, polymer-based tissue adhesives afford some distinct advantages, such as greater ease of deployment in spatially constrained surgical sites. One way to achieve aqueous adhesion is by introducing catechol functional groups that form coordinate and covalent bonds with a variety of substrates. This approach, inspired by marine organisms, has been applied to biopolymers and synthetic polymers, but one key challenge is that compositions that are soluble in water are often susceptible to high swelling ratios that can result in undesired compression of neighboring tissues. This work sought to synthesize aqueous adhesive gels that are capable of two modes of association: (1) adhesion and covalent cross-linking reactions arising from catechol oxidation and (2) noncovalent cross-linking arising from self-assembly of polymer backbones within the gelled adhesive. The network's self-assembly after gelation was envisioned to afford control over swelling and reinforce its strength. Bombyx mori silk fibroin was selected as the backbone of the adhesive network because it can be processed into an aqueous solution yet later be rendered insoluble in water through the assembly of its hydrophobic protein core. Distinct from a previous approach to functionalize silk directly with catechol groups, this work investigated in situ generation of catechol on silk fibroin by enzymatically modifying phenolic side chains, where it was found that this enzymatic approach led to conjugates with higher degrees of catechol functionalization and aqueous solubility. Silk fibroin was functionalized with tyramine to enrich the protein's phenolic side chains, which were subsequently oxidized into catechol groups using mushroom tyrosinase (MT). The gelation of the silk conjugates with MT was monitored by rheology, and the gels exhibited low water uptake. Phenolic enrichment increased the rate of chemical cross-linking leading to gelation but did not interrupt assembly of silk's secondary structures. Adhesion of the tyramine-silk conjugates to porcine intestine was found to be superior to fibrin sealant, and induction of β sheet secondary structures was found to further enhance adhesive strength through a second mode of cross-linking. Neither the chemical functionalization nor phenol oxidation affected the ability of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) to attach and proliferate. Phenolic functionalization and oxidative cross-linking of silk fibroin was found to afford a new route to water-soluble, catechol-functionalized polymers, which were found to display excellent adhesion to mucosal tissue and whose secondary structure provides an additional mode to control strength and swelling of adhesive gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Heichel
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Kelly A Burke
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3222, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road Unit 3247, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3247, United States
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Liu X, Toprakcioglu Z, Dear AJ, Levin A, Ruggeri FS, Taylor CG, Hu M, Kumita JR, Andreasen M, Dobson CM, Shimanovich U, Knowles TPJ. Fabrication and Characterization of Reconstituted Silk Microgels for the Storage and Release of Small Molecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800898. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xizhou Liu
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Zenon Toprakcioglu
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Alexander J. Dear
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Aviad Levin
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Francesco Simone Ruggeri
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Christopher G. Taylor
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Mengsha Hu
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Janet R. Kumita
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Maria Andreasen
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Dr. M. AndreasenAarhus University Wilhelm Meyer's Allé 3 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- X. Liu, Z. Toprakcioglu, A. J. Dear, Dr. A. Levin, Dr. F. S. Ruggeri, C. G. Taylor, M. Hu, Dr. J. R. Kumita, Dr. M. Andreasen, Prof. C. M. Dobson, Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Prof. T. P. J. KnowlesDepartment of Physics J J Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
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Malinowski C, He F, Zhao Y, Chang I, Hatchett DW, Zhai S, Zhao H. Nanopatterned silk fibroin films with high transparency and high haze for optical applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40792-40799. [PMID: 35540040 PMCID: PMC9076258 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous high transparency and high haze are necessary for high-efficiency optical, photonic, and optoelectronic applications. However, a typical highly transparent film lacks high optical haze or vice versa. Here, we report a silk fibroin-based optical film that exhibits both ultrahigh optical transparency (>93%) and ultrahigh optical transmission haze (>65%). Also, in combination with the soft lithography method, different nanostructured silk fibroin films are presented and their optical properties are characterized as well. To demonstrate its exceptional performance in both high transmission and high optical haze, we combine the silk fibroin with the silicon photodiode and show that the efficiency can be increased by 6.96% with the silk fibroin film without patterns and 14.9% with the nanopatterned silk fibroin film. Silk provides excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties, and the reported high-performance silk fibroin can enable the development of next-generation biocompatible eco-friendly flexible electronic and optical devices. Nanopatterned silk fibroin-based optical films exhibit both ultrahigh optical transparency and ultrahigh optical transmission haze.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Malinowski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Nevada
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Fengjie He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Nevada
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Nevada
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Ivan Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Nevada
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - David W. Hatchett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Nevada
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Shengjie Zhai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Nevada
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Nevada
- Las Vegas
- USA
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36
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McGill M, Holland GP, Kaplan DL. Experimental Methods for Characterizing the Secondary Structure and Thermal Properties of Silk Proteins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800390. [PMID: 30073740 PMCID: PMC6425979 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Silk proteins are biopolymers produced by spinning organisms that have been studied extensively for applications in materials engineering, regenerative medicine, and devices due to their high tensile strength and extensibility. This remarkable combination of mechanical properties arises from their unique semi-crystalline secondary structure and block copolymer features. The secondary structure of silks is highly sensitive to processing, and can be manipulated to achieve a wide array of material profiles. Studying the secondary structure of silks is therefore critical to understanding the relationship between structure and function, the strength and stability of silk-based materials, and the natural fiber synthesis process employed by spinning organisms. However, silks present unique challenges to structural characterization due to high-molecular-weight protein chains, repetitive sequences, and heterogeneity in intra- and interchain domain sizes. Here, experimental techniques used to study the secondary structure of silks, the information attainable from these techniques, and the limitations associated with them are reviewed. Ultimately, the appropriate utilization of a suite of techniques discussed here will enable detailed characterization of silk-based materials, from studying fundamental processing-structure-function relationships to developing commercially useful quality control assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan McGill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Gregory P. Holland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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37
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Tabatabai AP, Partlow BP, Raia NR, Kaplan DL, Blair DL. Silk Molecular Weight Influences the Kinetics of Enzymatically Cross-linked Silk Hydrogel Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15383-15387. [PMID: 30421933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We transform reconstituted silk solutions into robust hydrogels through covalent dityrosine cross-linking resulting from an enzymatic reaction. The bulk rheological properties and the covalent dityrosine bond formation of these gels are measured during polymerization. We compare the time-resolved bond formation to the mechanical properties, where we find that the gelation process is consistent with a model of percolation. The molecular weight of the protein determines whether a secondary mode of growth postpercolation exists, indicating that molecular weight changes affect the mechanisms by which these gels polymerize.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pasha Tabatabai
- Department of Physics , Georgetown University , Washington , District of Columbia 20057 , United States
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology , Georgetown University , Washington , District of Columbia 20057 , United States
| | - Benjamin P Partlow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Nicole R Raia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Daniel L Blair
- Department of Physics , Georgetown University , Washington , District of Columbia 20057 , United States
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology , Georgetown University , Washington , District of Columbia 20057 , United States
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38
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Zhang L, Liu X, Li G, Wang P, Yang Y. Tailoring degradation rates of silk fibroin scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:104-113. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province; Nantong University; Nantong, 226001 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry; Brandeis University; 415 South Street, Waltham Massachusetts, 02454
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province; Nantong University; Nantong, 226001 People's Republic of China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province; Nantong University; Nantong, 226001 People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Institute of Imaging, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; Yantai Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province; Nantong University; Nantong, 226001 People's Republic of China
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39
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Mohammadi P, Aranko AS, Lemetti L, Cenev Z, Zhou Q, Virtanen S, Landowski CP, Penttilä M, Fischer WJ, Wagermaier W, Linder MB. Phase transitions as intermediate steps in the formation of molecularly engineered protein fibers. Commun Biol 2018; 1:86. [PMID: 30271967 PMCID: PMC6123624 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A central concept in molecular bioscience is how structure formation at different length scales is achieved. Here we use spider silk protein as a model to design new recombinant proteins that assemble into fibers. We made proteins with a three-block architecture with folded globular domains at each terminus of a truncated repetitive silk sequence. Aqueous solutions of these engineered proteins undergo liquid-liquid phase separation as an essential pre-assembly step before fibers can form by drawing in air. We show that two different forms of phase separation occur depending on solution conditions, but only one form leads to fiber assembly. Structural variants with one-block or two-block architectures do not lead to fibers. Fibers show strong adhesion to surfaces and self-fusing properties when placed into contact with each other. Our results show a link between protein architecture and phase separation behavior suggesting a general approach for understanding protein assembly from dilute solutions into functional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Mohammadi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - A Sesilja Aranko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Laura Lemetti
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Zoran Cenev
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Salla Virtanen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
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40
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Chawla S, Midha S, Sharma A, Ghosh S. Silk-Based Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701204. [PMID: 29359861 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting field is making remarkable progress; however, the development of critical sized engineered tissue construct is still a farfetched goal. Silk fibroin offers a promising choice for bioink material. Nature has imparted several unique structural features in silk protein to ensure spinnability by silkworms or spider. Researchers have modified the structure-property relationship by reverse engineering to further improve shear thinning behavior, high printability, cytocompatible gelation, and high structural fidelity. In this review, it is attempted to summarize the recent advancements made in the field of 3D bioprinting in context of two major sources of silk fibroin: silkworm silk and spider silk (native and recombinant). The challenges faced by current approaches in processing silk bioinks, cellular signaling pathways modulated by silk chemistry and secondary conformations, gaps in knowledge, and future directions acquired for pushing the field further toward clinic are further elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Chawla
- Department of Textile TechnologyIIT Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Swati Midha
- Department of Textile TechnologyIIT Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Aarushi Sharma
- Department of Textile TechnologyIIT Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile TechnologyIIT Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
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41
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Liu K, Shi Z, Zhang S, Zhou Z, Sun L, Xu T, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Li X, Chen L, Mao Y, Tao TH. A Silk Cranial Fixation System for Neurosurgery. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701359. [PMID: 29377631 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cranial fixation should be safe, reliable, ideally degradable, and produce no hazardous residues and no artifacts on neuroimaging. Protein-based fixation devices offer an exciting opportunity for this application. Here, the preclinical development and in vivo efficacy verification of a silk cranial fixation system in functional models are reported by addressing key challenges toward clinical use. A comprehensive study on this fixation system in rodent and canine animal models for up to 12 months is carried out. The silk fixation system shows a superb performance on the long-term stability of the internal structural support for cranial flap fixation and bone reconnection and has good magnetic resonance imaging compatibility, and tolerability to high dose radiotherapy, underscoring the favorable clinical application of this system for neurosurgery compared to the current gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery Huashan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering the University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Zhitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
- School of Graduate Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Long Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery Huashan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Yeshun Zhang
- Sericultural Research Institute College of Biotechnology Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003 China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Sericultural Research Institute College of Biotechnology Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003 China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
- School of Graduate Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery Huashan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery Huashan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Tiger H. Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering the University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
- School of Graduate Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China
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42
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McGill M, Coburn JM, Partlow BP, Mu X, Kaplan DL. Molecular and macro-scale analysis of enzyme-crosslinked silk hydrogels for rational biomaterial design. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:76-84. [PMID: 28919509 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin-based hydrogels have exciting applications in tissue engineering and therapeutic molecule delivery; however, their utility is dependent on their diffusive properties. The present study describes a molecular and macro-scale investigation of enzymatically-crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogels, and demonstrates that these systems have tunable crosslink density and diffusivity. We developed a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) method to assess the quantity and order of covalent tyrosine crosslinks in the hydrogels. This analysis revealed between 28 and 56% conversion of tyrosine to dityrosine, which was dependent on the silk concentration and reactant concentration. The crosslink density was then correlated with storage modulus, revealing that both crosslinking and protein concentration influenced the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. The diffusive properties of the bulk material were studied by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), which revealed a non-linear relationship between silk concentration and diffusivity. As a result of this work, a model for synthesizing hydrogels with known crosslink densities and diffusive properties has been established, enabling the rational design of silk hydrogels for biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogels from naturally-derived silk polymers offer versitile opportunities in the biomedical field, however, their design has largely been an empirical process. We present a fundamental study of the crosslink density, storage modulus, and diffusion behavior of enzymatically-crosslinked silk hydrogels to better inform scaffold design. These studies revealed unexpected non-linear trends in the crosslink density and diffusivity of silk hydrogels with respect to protein concentration and crosslink reagent concentration. This work demonstrates the tunable diffusivity and crosslinking in silk fibroin hydrogels, and enables the rational design of biomaterials. Further, the characterization methods presented have applications for other materials with dityrosine crosslinks, which are found in nature as post-translational modificaitons, as well as in engineered matrices such as tyramine-substituted hyaluronic acid and recombinant resilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan McGill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jeannine M Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Benjamin P Partlow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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43
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Allardyce BJ, Rajkhowa R, Dilley RJ, Redmond SL, Atlas MD, Wang X. Glycerol-plasticised silk membranes made using formic acid are ductile, transparent and degradation-resistant. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:165-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Tabatabai AP, Weigandt KM, Blair DL. Acid-induced assembly of a reconstituted silk protein system. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:022405. [PMID: 28950579 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.022405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Silk cocoons are reconstituted into an aqueous suspension, and protein stability is investigated by comparing the protein's response to hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. Aggregation occurs for systems mixed with hydrochloric acid, while sodium chloride over the same range of concentrations does not cause aggregation. We measure the structures present on the protein and aggregate length scales in these solutions using both optical and small-angle neutron scattering, while mass spectrometry techniques shed light on a possible mechanism for aggregate formation. We find that the introduction of acid modulates the aggregate size and pervaded volume of the protein, an effect that is not observed with salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pasha Tabatabai
- Georgetown University Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Katie M Weigandt
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Daniel L Blair
- Georgetown University Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Washington DC 20057, USA
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45
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Nultsch K, Germershaus O. Silk fibroin degumming affects scaffold structure and release of macromolecular drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:254-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rodriguez MJ, Brown J, Giordano J, Lin SJ, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Silk based bioinks for soft tissue reconstruction using 3-dimensional (3D) printing with in vitro and in vivo assessments. Biomaterials 2017; 117:105-115. [PMID: 27940389 PMCID: PMC5180454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the field of soft tissue reconstruction, custom implants could address the need for materials that can fill complex geometries. Our aim was to develop a material system with optimal rheology for material extrusion, that can be processed in physiological and non-toxic conditions and provide structural support for soft tissue reconstruction. To meet this need we developed silk based bioinks using gelatin as a bulking agent and glycerol as a non-toxic additive to induce physical crosslinking. We developed these inks optimizing printing efficacy and resolution for patient-specific geometries that can be used for soft tissue reconstruction. We demonstrated in vitro that the material was stable under physiological conditions and could be tuned to match soft tissue mechanical properties. We demonstrated in vivo that the material was biocompatible and could be tuned to maintain shape and volume up to three months while promoting cellular infiltration and tissue integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Jodie Giordano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Samuel J Lin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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Oztoprak Z, Okay O. Reversibility of strain stiffening in silk fibroin gels. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Boulet-Audet M, Holland C, Gheysens T, Vollrath F. Dry-Spun Silk Produces Native-Like Fibroin Solutions. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3198-3204. [PMID: 27526078 PMCID: PMC5059755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
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Silk’s
outstanding mechanical properties and energy efficient
solidification mechanisms provide inspiration for biomaterial self-assembly
as well as offering a diverse platform of materials suitable for many
biotechnology applications. Experiments now reveal that the mulberry
silkworm Bombyx mori secretes its silk
in a practically “unspun” state that retains much of
the solvent water and exhibits a surprisingly low degree of molecular
order (β-sheet crystallinity) compared to the state found in
a fully formed and matured fiber. These new observations challenge
the general understanding of silk spinning and in particular the role
of the spinning duct for structure development. Building on this discovery
we report that silk spun in low humidity appears to arrest a molecular
annealing process crucial for β-sheet formation. This, in turn,
has significant positive implications, enabling the production of
a high fidelity reconstituted silk fibroin with properties akin to
the gold standard of unspun native silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boulet-Audet
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University , Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Holland
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University , Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Gheysens
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University , Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Ghent , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Vollrath
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University , Oxford, United Kingdom
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