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Svačinová V, Halili A, Ostruszka R, Pluháček T, Jiráková K, Jirák D, Šišková K. Trimetallic nanocomposites developed for efficient in vivo bimodal imaging via fluorescence and magnetic resonance. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:8153-8166. [PMID: 39072712 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite several attempts, in vivo bimodal imaging still represents a challenge. Generally, it is accepted that dual-modality in imaging can improve sensitivity and spatial resolution, namely, when exploiting fluorescence (FI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. Here, a newly developed combination of (i) protein-protected luminescent Au-Ag nanoclusters (LGSN) manifesting themselves by fluorescent emission at 705 nm and (ii) superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) embedded within the same protein and creating contrast in MR images, has been investigated in phantoms and applied for in vivo bimodal imaging of a mouse as a proof of principle. Unique LGSN-SPION nanocomposites were synthesized in a specific sequential one-pot green preparation procedure and characterized thoroughly using many physicochemical experimental techniques. The influence of LGSN-SPION samples on the viability of healthy cells (RPE-1) was tested using a calcein assay. Despite the presence of Ag (0.12 mg mL-1), high content of Au (above 0.75 mg mL-1), and moderate concentrations of Fe (0.24 mg mL-1), LGSN-SPION samples (containing approx. 15 mg mL-1 of albumin) were revealed as biocompatible (cell viability above 80%). Simultaneously, these concentration values of all components in the LGSN-SPION nanocomposite were used for achieving both MRI and fluorescence signals in phantoms as well as in a living mouse with sufficiently high resolution. Thus, the LGSN-SPION samples can serve as new efficient bimodal FI and MRI probes for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Svačinová
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, tř. 17. Listopadu 12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Aminadav Halili
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Ostruszka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, tř. 17. Listopadu 12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Pluháček
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, tř. 17. Listopadu 12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Jiráková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, The Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Šišková
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, tř. 17. Listopadu 12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Jirát-Ziółkowska N, Vít M, Groborz O, Kolouchová K, Červený D, Sedláček O, Jirák D. Long-term in vivo dissolution of thermo- and pH-responsive, 19F magnetic resonance-traceable and injectable polymer implants. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3041-3051. [PMID: 38868824 PMCID: PMC11166117 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
19F magnetic resonance (19F MR) tracers stand out for their wide range of applications in experimental and clinical medicine, as they can be precisely located in living tissues with negligible fluorine background. This contribution demonstrates the long-term dissolution of multiresponsive fluorinated implants designed for prolonged release. Implants were detected for 14 (intramuscular injection) and 20 (subcutaneous injection) months by 19F MR at 4.7 T, showing favorable MR relaxation times, biochemical stability, biological compatibility and slow, long-term dissolution. Thus, polymeric implants may become a platform for long-term local theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jirát-Ziółkowska
- Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Videnska 1958/9 140 21 Prague Czech Republic +420-736467349
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Katerinska 1660/32 Prague 121 08 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vít
- Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Videnska 1958/9 140 21 Prague Czech Republic +420-736467349
| | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Katerinska 1660/32 Prague 121 08 Czech Republic
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovsky square 2 162 06 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovsky square 2 162 06 Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Červený
- Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Videnska 1958/9 140 21 Prague Czech Republic +420-736467349
- Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec Studentska 1402/2 Liberec 461 17 Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Hlavova 8 Prague 128 00 Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Videnska 1958/9 140 21 Prague Czech Republic +420-736467349
- Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec Studentska 1402/2 Liberec 461 17 Czech Republic
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Kracíková L, Androvič L, Červený D, Jirát-Ziółkowska N, Babič M, Švábová M, Jirák D, Laga R. Iron-based compounds coordinated with phospho-polymers as biocompatible probes for dual 31P/ 1H magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3847. [PMID: 38360883 PMCID: PMC10869799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present the synthesis and evaluation of magnetic resonance (MR) properties of novel phosphorus/iron-containing probes for dual 31P and 1H MR imaging and spectroscopy (MRI and MRS). The presented probes are composed of biocompatible semitelechelic and multivalent phospho-polymers based on poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC) coordinated with small paramagnetic Fe3+ ions or superparamagnetic maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles via deferoxamine group linked to the end or along the polymer chains. All probes provided very short 1H T1 and T2 relaxation times even at low iron concentrations. The presence of iron had a significant impact on the shortening of 31P relaxation, with the effect being more pronounced for probes based on γ-Fe2O3 and multivalent polymer. While the water-soluble probe having one Fe3+ ion per polymer chain was satisfactorily visualized by both 31P-MRS and 31P-MRI, the probe with multiple Fe3+ ions could only be detected by 31P-MRS, and the probes consisting of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles could not be imaged by either technique due to their ultra-short 31P relaxations. In this proof-of-principle study performed on phantoms at a clinically relevant magnetic fields, we demonstrated how the different forms and concentrations of iron affect both the 1H MR signal of the surrounding water molecules and the 31P MR signal of the phospho-polymer probe. Thus, this double contrast can be exploited to simultaneously visualize body anatomy and monitor probe biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kracíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Androvič
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Červený
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Jirát-Ziółkowska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Babič
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Švábová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117, Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Richard Laga
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Koshkina O, Rheinberger T, Flocke V, Windfelder A, Bouvain P, Hamelmann NM, Paulusse JMJ, Gojzewski H, Flögel U, Wurm FR. Biodegradable polyphosphoester micelles act as both background-free 31P magnetic resonance imaging agents and drug nanocarriers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4351. [PMID: 37468502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of polymers is crucial for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a whole-body imaging technique, and heteronuclear MRI allows quantitative imaging. However, MRI agents can result in environmental pollution and organ accumulation. To address this, we introduce biocompatible and biodegradable polyphosphoesters, as MRI-traceable polymers using the 31P centers in the polymer backbone. We overcome challenges in 31P MRI, including background interference and low sensitivity, by modifying the molecular environment of 31P, assembling polymers into colloids, and tailoring the polymers' microstructure to adjust MRI-relaxation times. Specifically, gradient-type polyphosphonate-copolymers demonstrate improved MRI-relaxation times compared to homo- and block copolymers, making them suitable for imaging. We validate background-free imaging and biodegradation in vivo using Manduca sexta. Furthermore, encapsulating the potent drug PROTAC allows using these amphiphilic copolymers to simultaneously deliver drugs, enabling theranostics. This first report paves the way for polyphosphoesters as background-free MRI-traceable polymers for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Koshkina
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Timo Rheinberger
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Flocke
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anton Windfelder
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pascal Bouvain
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Naomi M Hamelmann
- Biomolecular Nanotechnology Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Biomolecular Nanotechnology Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Gojzewski
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Phosphorus-Containing Polymers as Sensitive Biocompatible Probes for 31P Magnetic Resonance. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052334. [PMID: 36903579 PMCID: PMC10005191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The visualization of organs and tissues using 31P magnetic resonance (MR) imaging represents an immense challenge. This is largely due to the lack of sensitive biocompatible probes required to deliver a high-intensity MR signal that can be distinguished from the natural biological background. Synthetic water-soluble phosphorus-containing polymers appear to be suitable materials for this purpose due to their adjustable chain architecture, low toxicity, and favorable pharmacokinetics. In this work, we carried out a controlled synthesis, and compared the MR properties, of several probes consisting of highly hydrophilic phosphopolymers differing in composition, structure, and molecular weight. Based on our phantom experiments, all probes with a molecular weight of ~3-400 kg·mol-1, including linear polymers based on poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), poly(ethyl ethylenephosphate) (PEEP), and poly[bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)]phosphazene (PMEEEP) as well as star-shaped copolymers composed of PMPC arms grafted onto poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM-g-PMPC) or cyclotriphosphazene-derived cores (CTP-g-PMPC), were readily detected using a 4.7 T MR scanner. The highest signal-to-noise ratio was achieved by the linear polymers PMPC (210) and PMEEEP (62) followed by the star polymers CTP-g-PMPC (56) and PAMAM-g-PMPC (44). The 31P T1 and T2 relaxation times for these phosphopolymers were also favorable, ranging between 1078 and 2368 and 30 and 171 ms, respectively. We contend that select phosphopolymers are suitable for use as sensitive 31P MR probes for biomedical applications.
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Szabó Á, Szarka G, Trif L, Gyarmati B, Bereczki L, Iván B, Kovács E. Poly(dithiophosphate)s, a New Class of Phosphorus- and Sulfur-Containing Functional Polymers by a Catalyst-Free Facile Reaction between Diols and Phosphorus Pentasulfide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415963. [PMID: 36555604 PMCID: PMC9787700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel poly(dithiophosphate)s (PDTPs) were successfully synthesized under mild conditions without any additive in the presence of THF or toluene diluents at 60 °C by a direct, catalyst-free reaction between the abundant phosphorus pentasulfide (P4S10) and glycols such as ethylene glycol (EG), 1,6-hexanediol (HD) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). GPC, FTIR, 1H and 31P NMR analyses proved the formation of macromolecules with dithiophosphate coupling groups having P=S and P-SH pendant functionalities. Surprisingly, the ring-opening of THF by the P-SH group and its pendant incorporation as a branching point occur during polymerization. This process is absent with toluene, providing conditions to obtain linear chains. 31P NMR measurements indicate long-time partial hydrolysis and esterification, resulting in the formation of a thiophosphoric acid moiety and branching points. Copolymerization, i.e., using mixtures of EG or HD with PEG, results in polymers with broadly varying viscoelastic properties. TGA shows the lower thermal stability of PDTPs than that of PEG due to the relatively low thermal stability of the P-O-C moieties. The low Tgs of these polymers, from -4 to -50 °C, and a lack of PEG crystallites were found by DSC. This polymerization process and the resulting novel PDTPs enable various new routes for polymer synthesis and application possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Szabó
- Polymer Chemistry and Physics Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (Á.S.); (B.I.)
| | - Györgyi Szarka
- Polymer Chemistry and Physics Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Trif
- Functional Nanoparticles Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Benjámin Gyarmati
- Soft Matters Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Bereczki
- Plasma Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Chemical Crystallography Research Laboratory, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry and Physics Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (Á.S.); (B.I.)
| | - Ervin Kovács
- Polymer Chemistry and Physics Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Polymer-colloidal systems as MRI-detectable nanocarriers for peptide vaccine delivery. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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