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Roca S, Leclercq L, Cottet H. Size-based characterization of dendrigraft poly(L-lysine) by free solution capillary electrophoresis using polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464719. [PMID: 38340458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Dendrigraft poly(L-lysine) (DGL) constitutes a promising dendritic-like drug vehicle with high biocompatibility and straightforward access via ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride in water. The characterization of the different generations of DGL is however challenging due to their heterogeneity in molar mass and branching ratio. In this work, free solution capillary electrophoresis was used to perform selective separation of the three first generations of DGL, and optimized conditions were developed to maximize inter-generation resolution. To reduce solute adsorption on the capillary wall, successive multiple ionic polymer layer coatings terminated with a polycation were deposited onto the inner wall surface. PEGylated polycation was also used as the last layer for the control of the electroosmotic flow (EOF), depending on the PEGylation degree and the methyl-polyethylene glycol (mPEG) chain length. 1 kDa mPEG chains and low grafting densities were found to be the best experimental conditions for a fine tuning of the EOF leading to high peak resolution. Molar mass polydispersity and polydispersity in effective electrophoretic mobility were successfully determined for the three first generations of DGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Roca
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Hervé Cottet
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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Fatullaev EI, Shavykin OV, Neelov IM. Molecular Dynamics of Lysine Dendrigrafts in Methanol-Water Mixtures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043063. [PMID: 36834474 PMCID: PMC9963150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular dynamics method was used to study the structure and properties of dendrigrafts of the first and second generations in methanol-water mixtures with various volume fractions of methanol. At a small volume fraction of methanol, the size and other properties of both dendrigrafts are very similar to those in pure water. A decrease in the dielectric constant of the mixed solvent with an increase in the methanol fraction leads to the penetration of counterions into the dendrigrafts and a reduction of the effective charge. This leads to a gradual collapse of dendrigrafts: a decrease in their size, and an increase in the internal density and the number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds inside them. At the same time, the number of solvent molecules inside the dendrigraft and the number of hydrogen bonds between the dendrigraft and the solvent decrease. At small fractions of methanol in the mixture, the dominant secondary structure in both dendrigrafts is an elongated polyproline II (PPII) helix. At intermediate volume fractions of methanol, the proportion of the PPII helix decreases, while the proportion of another elongated β-sheet secondary structure gradually increases. However, at a high fraction of methanol, the proportion of compact α-helix conformations begins to increase, while the proportion of both elongated conformations decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil I. Fatullaev
- School of Computer Technologies and Control, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Shavykin
- School of Computer Technologies and Control, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Mathematics, Tver State University, Sadoviy per. 35, 170102 Tver, Russia
| | - Igor M. Neelov
- School of Computer Technologies and Control, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Smith RJ, Gorman C, Menegatti S. Synthesis, structure, and function of internally functionalized dendrimers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Christopher Gorman
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center Raleigh North Carolina USA
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Carrancá M, Griveau L, Remoué N, Lorion C, Weiss P, Orea V, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Faye C, Ferri-Angulo D, Debret R, Sohier J. Versatile lysine dendrigrafts and polyethylene glycol hydrogels with inherent biological properties: in vitro cell behavior modulation and in vivo biocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:926-937. [PMID: 32779367 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels have been extensively used as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, owing to their biocompatibility, chemical versatility, and tunable mechanical properties. However, their bio-inert properties require them to be associated with additional functional moieties to interact with cells. To circumvent this need, we propose here to reticulate PEG molecules with poly(L-lysine) dendrigrafts (DGL) to provide intrinsic cell functionalities to PEG-based hydrogels. The physico-chemical characteristics of the resulting hydrogels were studied in regard of the concentration of each component. With increasing amounts of DGL, the cross-linking time and swelling ratio could be decreased, conversely to mechanical properties, which could be tailored from 7.7 ± 0.7 to 90 ± 28.8 kPa. Furthermore, fibroblasts adhesion, viability, and morphology on hydrogels were then assessed. While cell adhesion significantly increased with the concentration of DGL, cell viability was dependant of the ratio of DGL and PEG. Cell morphology and proliferation; however, appeared mainly related to the overall hydrogel rigidity. To allow cell infiltration and cell growth in 3D, the hydrogels were rendered porous. The biocompatibility of resulting hydrogels of different compositions and porosities was evaluated by 3 week subcutaneous implantations in mice. Hydrogels allowed an extensive cellular infiltration with a mild foreign body reaction, histological evidence of hydrogel degradation, and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carrancá
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France.,Laboratory for Materials Engineering and Science, CNRS INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Louise Griveau
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France.,Laboratory for Materials Engineering and Science, CNRS INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Noëlle Remoué
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Lorion
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- INSERM, Laboratory of Osteo-Articlular and Dental Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Orea
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Ferri-Angulo
- Laboratory for Materials Engineering and Science, CNRS INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Romain Debret
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Sohier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France.,Laboratory for Materials Engineering and Science, CNRS INSA, Villeurbanne, France
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Francoia JP, Vial L. Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Poly-l-lysine Dendrigrafts (But Were Afraid to Ask). Chemistry 2018; 24:2806-2814. [PMID: 29034997 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Less than a decade ago, dendrigrafts of poly-l-lysine (DGLs) joined the family of polycationic dendritic macromolecules. Resulting from the iterative polycondensation of an N-carboxyanhydride in water, four generations of the dendrigraft can be obtained on a multigram scale and without chromatographic purification. DGLs share features with both dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers, but turned out to have unique biophysical and bioactive properties. The macromolecules-in their native form or functionalized-have been extensively characterized by various analytical and computational methods, and have already found numerous applications in the biomedical field, such as drug and gene delivery, biomaterials, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and biosensing. Despite a growing interest for DGLs, there is still plenty of room for further exciting developments that could result from a better exposure of these macromolecules, which is the ambition of this short review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Vial
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, Place Eugène, Bataillon, 34296, Montpellier cedex 5, France.,Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 CNRS-Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1-CPE Lyon-INSA, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
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