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Hu D, Li W, Wu K, Cui L, Xu Z, Zhao L. Utilization of supercritical CO2 for controlling the crystal phase transition and cell morphology of isotactic polybutene-1 foams. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2
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Supercritical Foaming and Impregnation of Polycaprolactone and Polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite Composites with Carvacrol. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) and polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (PCL-HA) scaffolds were produced by foaming in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at 20 MPa, as well as in one-step foaming and impregnation process using carvacrol as an antibacterial agent with proven activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The experimental design was developed to study the influence of temperature (40 °C and 50 °C), HA content (10 and 20 wt.%), and depressurization rate (one and two-step decompression) on the foams’ morphology, porosity, pore size distribution, and carvacrol impregnation yield. The characterization of the foams was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SEM-FIB), Gay-Lussac density bottle measurements, and Fourier–transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. The obtained results demonstrate that processing PCL and PCL-HA scaffolds by means of scCO2 foaming enables preparing foams with porosity in the range of 65.55–74.39% and 61.98–67.13%, at 40 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The presence of carvacrol led to a lower porosity. At 40 °C and one-step decompression at a slow rate, the porosity of impregnated scaffolds was higher than at 50 °C and two- step fast decompression. However, a narrower pore size distribution was obtained at the last processing conditions. PCL scaffolds with HA resulted in higher carvacrol impregnation yields than neat PCL foams. The highest carvacrol loading (10.57%) was observed in the scaffold with 10 wt.% HA obtained at 50 °C.
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Fabrication, Characterization and In Vitro Assessment of Laevistrombus canarium-Derived Hydroxyapatite Particulate-Filled Polymer Composite for Implant Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050872. [PMID: 35267694 PMCID: PMC8912798 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the formulation, characterization, and in vitro studies of polymer composite material impregnated with naturally derived hydroxyapatite (HA) particulates for biomedical implant applications. Laevistrombus canarium (LC) seashells (SS) were collected, washed and cleaned, sun-dried for 24 h, and ground into powder particulates. The SS particulates of different weight percentages (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt%)-loaded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were fabricated by compression molding for comparative in vitro assessment. A temperature-controlled compression molding technique was used with the operating pressure of 2 to 3 bars for particulate retention in the HDPE matrix during molding. The HDPE/LC composite was fabricated and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and TGA. Mechanical properties such as tensile, compression, flexural, hardness, and also surface roughness were tested as per ASTM standards. Mass degradation and thermal stability of the HDPE/LC composite were evaluated at different temperatures ranging from 10 to 700 °C using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The maximum tensile strength was found to be 27 ± 0.5 MPa for 30 wt% HDPE/LC composite. The thermal energy absorbed during endothermic processes was recorded as 71.24 J/g and the peak melting temperature (Tm) was found to be 128.4 °C for the same 30 wt% of HDPE/LC composite specimen. Excellent cell viability was observed during the in vitro biocompatibility study for EtO-sterilized 30 wt% of HDPE/LC composite specimen, except for a report of mild cytotoxicity in the case of higher concentration (50 µL) of the MG-63 cell line. The results demonstrate the potential of the fabricated composite as a suitable biomaterial for medical implant applications.
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Yadav A, Ghosh S, Samanta A, Pal J, Srivastava RK. Emulsion templated scaffolds of poly(ε-caprolactone) - a review. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1468-1480. [PMID: 35014993 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04941k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and its 3D scaffolds in tissue engineering has already been established due to its ease of processing into long-term degradable implants and approval from the FDA. This review presents the role of high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating in the fabrication of PCL scaffolds, and the versatility of the technique along with challenges associated with it. Considering the huge potential of HIPE templating, which so far has mainly been focused on free radical polymerization of aqueous HIPEs, we provide a summary of how the technique has been expanded to non-aqueous HIPEs and other modes of polymerization such as ring-opening. The scope of coupling of HIPE templating with some of the advanced fabrication methods such as 3D printing or electrospinning is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Yadav
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 1100016, India.
| | - Sagnik Ghosh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 1100016, India.
| | - Archana Samanta
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 1100016, India.
| | - Jit Pal
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 1100016, India.
| | - Rajiv K Srivastava
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 1100016, India.
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Ozkutlu M, Bayram G, Dilek C. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-octatrimethylsiloxy polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane composite syntactic foams with bimodal pores. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kravanja G, Primožič M, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. Transglutaminase release and activity from novel poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites prepared by foaming with supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Hatami T, Flores Johner JC, de Castro KC, Innocentini Mei LH, Adeodato Vieira MG, Meireles MAA. New Insight into a Step-by-Step Modeling of Supercritical CO 2 Foaming to Fabricate Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffold. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmasb Hatami
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar Flores Johner
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering), UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Karine Cappuccio de Castro
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
- Department of Process and Product Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - M. Angela A. Meireles
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering), UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas - SP, Brazil
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Striking effect of carbon nanotubes on adjusting sc-CO2 foaming performance of PS/LLDPE blends and forming semi-open cellular structure. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Portolés-Gil N, López-Periago AM, Domingo C, Hosta-Rigau L. Immobilization of BMP-2 and VEGF within Multilayered Polydopamine-Coated Scaffolds and the Resulting Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergy of Co-Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6418. [PMID: 32899269 PMCID: PMC7503899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the fabrication of a polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite composite scaffold incorporating growth factors to be used for bone regeneration. Two growth factors were incorporated employing a multilayered coating based on polydopamine (PDA). In particular, Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was bound onto the inner PDA layer while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was immobilized onto the outer one. Herein, the in vitro release of both growth factors is evaluated. A fastest VEGF delivery followed by a slow and more sustained release of BMP-2 was demonstrated, thus fitting the needs for bone tissue engineering applications. Due to the relevance of the crosstalk between bone-promoting and vessel-forming cells during bone healing, the functionalized scaffolds are further assessed on a co-culture setup of human mesenchymal stem cells and human endothelial progenitor cells. Osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression analysis indicates a synergistic effect between the growth factor-loaded scaffolds and the co-culture conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that the developed scaffolds hold great potential as an efficient platform for bone-tissue applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Núria Portolés-Gil
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Ana M. López-Periago
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Concepción Domingo
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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11
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Development and Characterization of Polyester and Acrylate-Based Composites with Hydroxyapatite and Halloysite Nanotubes for Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081703. [PMID: 32751376 PMCID: PMC7465803 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the distribution of hydroxyapatite (HA) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as fillers and their influence on the hydrophobic character of conventional polymers used in the biomedical field. The hydrophobic polyester poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was blended with its more hydrophilic counterpart poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and the hydrophilic acrylate poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was analogously compared to poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and its copolymer. The addition of HA and HNTs clearly improve surface wettability in neat samples (PCL and PHEMA), but not that of the corresponding binary blends. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping analyses show a homogenous distribution of HA with appropriate Ca/P ratios between 1.3 and 2, even on samples that were incubated for seven days in simulated body fluid, with the exception of PHEMA, which is excessively hydrophilic to promote the deposition of salts on its surface. HNTs promote large aggregates on more hydrophilic polymers. The degradation process of the biodegradable polyester PCL blended with PLA, and the addition of HA and HNTs, provide hydrophilic units and decrease the overall crystallinity of PCL. Consequently, after 12 weeks of incubation in phosphate buffered saline the mass loss increases up to 48% and mechanical properties decrease above 60% compared with the PCL/PLA blend.
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Portolés-Gil N, López-Periago AM, Domingo C, Hosta-Rigau L. Multi-layered polydopamine coatings for the immobilization of growth factors onto highly-interconnected and bimodal PCL/HA-based scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111245. [PMID: 32919623 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For bone tissue engineering applications, scaffolds that mimic the porous structure of the extracellular matrix are highly desirable. Herein, we employ a PCL/HA-based scaffold with a double-scaled architecture of small pores coupled to larger ones. To improve the osteoinductivity of the scaffold, we incorporate two different growth factors via polydopamine (PDA) coating. As a first step, we identify the maximum amount of PDA that can be deposited onto the scaffold. Next, to allow for the deposition of a second PDA layer which, in turn, will allow to increase the loading of growth factors, we incorporate a dithiol connecting layer. The thiol groups covalently react with the first PDA coating through Michael addition while also allowing for the incorporation of a second PDA layer. We load the first and second PDA layers with bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively, and evaluate the osteogenic potential of the functionalised scaffold by cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of three different osteogenesis-related genes of pre-seeded human mesenchymal stem cells. Through these studies, we demonstrate that the osteogenic activity of the scaffolds loaded with both BMP2 and VEGF is greater than scaffolds loaded only with BMP2. Importantly, the osteoinductivity is higher when the scaffolds are loaded with BMP2 and VEGF in two different PDA layers. Taken together, these results indicate that the as-prepared scaffolds could be a useful construct for bone-tissue applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Núria Portolés-Gil
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana M López-Periago
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Concepción Domingo
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Qiu J, Wang Y, Xing H, Li M, Liu J, Wang J, Tang T. Preparation of Polypropylene Foams with Bimodal Cell Structure Using a Microporous Molecular Sieve as a Nucleating Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Haiping Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Minggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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Poly(d,l-Lactic acid) Composite Foams Containing Phosphate Glass Particles Produced via Solid-State Foaming Using CO 2 for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010231. [PMID: 31963457 PMCID: PMC7023552 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the production and characterization of highly porous (up to 91%) composite foams for potential bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. A calcium phosphate-based glass particulate (PGP) filler of the formulation 50P2O5-40CaO-10TiO2 mol.%, was incorporated into biodegradable poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) at 5, 10, 20, and 30 vol.%. The composites were fabricated by melt compounding (extrusion) and compression molding, and converted into porous structures through solid-state foaming (SSF) using high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide. The morphological and mechanical properties of neat PDLLA and composites in both nonporous and porous states were examined. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that the PGPs were well dispersed throughout the matrices. The highly porous composite systems exhibited improved compressive strength and Young’s modulus (up to >2-fold) and well-interconnected macropores (up to ~78% open pores at 30 vol.% PGP) compared to those of the neat PDLLA foam. The pore size of the composite foams decreased with increasing PGPs content from an average of 920 µm for neat PDLLA foam to 190 µm for PDLLA-30PGP. Furthermore, the experimental data was in line with the Gibson and Ashby model, and effective microstructural changes were confirmed to occur upon 30 vol.% PGP incorporation. Interestingly, the SSF technique allowed for a high incorporation of bioactive particles (up to 30 vol.%—equivalent to ~46 wt.%) while maintaining the morphological and mechanical criteria required for BTE scaffolds. Based on the results, the SSF technique can offer more advantages and flexibility for designing composite foams with tunable characteristics compared to other methods used for the fabrication of BTE scaffolds.
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Bimodal Microcellular Morphology Evaluation in ABS‐Foamed Composites Developed Using Step‐Wise Depressurization Foaming Process. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chen Y, Weng C, Wang Z, Maertens T, Fan P, Chen F, Zhong M, Tan J, Yang J. Preparation of polymeric foams with bimodal cell size: An application of heterogeneous nucleation effect of nanofillers. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Yeh SK, Liu WH, Huang YM. Carbon Dioxide-Blown Expanded Polyamide Bead Foams with Bimodal Cell Structure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Zhang HC, Yu CN, Liang Y, Lin GX, Meng C. Foaming Behavior and Microcellular Morphologies of Incompatible SAN/CPE Blends with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Physical Blowing Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E89. [PMID: 30960075 PMCID: PMC6402305 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The foaming process and cellular morphologies of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) blends with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) as a blowing agent were investigated in this study. As compared to pure SAN foam in the same batch, the foamed blends with various CPE elastomer content had smaller average pore size and larger cell density. This is probably related to the inhibition of bubble growth by elastomer, resulting in poor melt flowability and strong viscoelasticity, and the efficient bubble heterogeneous nucleation caused by numerous phase interfaces inside the incompletely compatible blend system. In addition, many tiny interconnected holes through the pore walls were formed to connect adjacent micropores in foamed blend samples. The formation mechanism of such interconnected pores is probably due to the fracture of stretched melt around the bubble from phase interfaces with weak interactions. These facts suggest an effective path to control pore size, cell density and even interconnected pores of blend foams depends on the compatibility of the blend system and difference in foamability of individual components in supercritical CO₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chen Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Chun-Na Yu
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 511447, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- School of Materials Science & Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
- School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China.
| | - Gui-Xiang Lin
- School of Materials Science & Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Cong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Chen CX, Peng HH, Guan YX, Yao SJ. Morphological study on the pore growth profile of poly(ε-caprolactone) bi-modal porous foams using a modified supercritical CO2 foaming process. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Duarte RM, Correia-Pinto J, Reis RL, Duarte ARC. Subcritical carbon dioxide foaming of polycaprolactone for bone tissue regeneration. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Li J, Zhang G, Shang Z, Fan X, Zhang H, Zhou L, Shi X. Enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding and mechanical properties of foamed epoxy nanocomposites containing carbon nanofiber treated with silicone surfactant. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - G. Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Z. Shang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - X. Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - H. Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - L. Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - X. Shi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
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A cooling and two-step depressurization foaming approach for the preparation of modified HDPE foam with complex cellular structure. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Moghadam MZ, Hassanajili S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Ayatollahi M, Ahmadi M. Formation of porous HPCL/LPCL/HA scaffolds with supercritical CO 2 gas foaming method. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 69:115-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Li J, Zhang G, Fan X, Fan X, Zhou L, Li J, Shi X, Zhang H. Preparation and mechanical properties of thermosetting epoxy foams based on epoxy/ 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol system with different curing agent contents. J CELL PLAST 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x17695095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy/2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol system with different curing agent content was completely cured for foaming, and the effect of a systematic variation in 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol content on the crosslinking density of cured epoxy resins was investigated. It was found that the crosslinking density of completed cured epoxy reduced as the 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol content increased in certain range of contents (10–50 mol%). Then the precursors were foamed by a batch foaming process with supercritical carbon dioxide. The cellular morphologies of foamed epoxy resins were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the reduced crosslinking density would improve the foamability of cured epoxy resin. The microcellular epoxy foams could be obtained by maintaining a moderate crosslinking density, which can be controlled by varying 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol content. For the completely cured epoxy with different curing agent content, when the crosslinking density of epoxy resin was 232.40 mol m–3 (the 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol content was 35 mol%) or lower, microcellular structure was obtained by adjusting the foaming conditions. The effects of foaming on the mechanical properties were also discussed. The results indicated that microcellular epoxy foams had higher impact strength but lower tensile strength and tensile modulus, validating that the introduction of microcellular structure in epoxy matrix was conducive to the improvement of the ductility of epoxy foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xun Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lisheng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
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25
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Xu LQ, Huang HX. Formation mechanism and tuning for bi-modal cell structure in polystyrene foams by synergistic effect of temperature rising and depressurization with supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Wang L, Zhou H, Wang X, Mi J. Mechanism of bubble nucleation in poly(ε-caprolactone) foaming at low temperature. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Supercritical CO2 antisolvent precipitation from biocompatible polymer solutions: A novel sustainable approach for biomaterials design and fabrication. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Wu W, Cao X, Lin H, He G, Wang M. Preparation of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)/halloysite nanotube nanocomposite foams using supercritical CO2 as blowing agent. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Zhang F, Zhou T, Liu Y, Leng J. Microwave synthesis and actuation of shape memory polycaprolactone foams with high speed. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11152. [PMID: 26053586 PMCID: PMC4459203 DOI: 10.1038/srep11152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave technology is a highly effective approach to fast and uniform heating. This article investigates that the microwave heating as a novel method is used to rapidly foam and actuate biocompatible and biodegradable shape memory crosslinked-polycaprolactone (c-PCL) foams. The optical microscope proves that the resulting c-PCL foams have homogenous pore structure. Mechanical behavior and shape memory performance of c-PCL foams are investigated by static materials testing. Shape recovery ratio is approximately 100% and the whole recovery process takes only 98 s when trigged by microwave. Due to the unique principle of microwave heating, the recovery speed of c-PCL foams in microwave oven is several times faster than that in hot water and electric oven. Hence compared to the traditional heating methods, microwave is expected to bring more advantages to modern industry and scientific research in the field of smart materials and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhang
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Tianyang Zhou
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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30
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Yu P, Mi HY, Huang A, Geng LH, Chen BY, Kuang TR, Mou WJ, Peng XF. Effect of Poly(butylenes succinate) on Poly(lactic acid) Foaming Behavior: Formation of Open Cell Structure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- National
Engineer Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- The
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yang Mi
- National
Engineer Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - An Huang
- National
Engineer Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hong Geng
- National
Engineer Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Yi Chen
- National
Engineer Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Rong Kuang
- National
Engineer Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Mou
- The
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Fang Peng
- National
Engineer Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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31
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Hu Y, Gao H, Du Z, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang C. Pickering high internal phase emulsion-based hydroxyapatite-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocomposite scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3848-3857. [PMID: 32262858 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible, biodegradable and bioactive nanocomposite (NC) scaffolds with well-defined interconnected porous structures have attracted increasing attention in bone tissue engineering. In this work, we develop a facile method to fabricate poly(l-lactic acid)-modified hydroxyapatite (g-HAp)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) NC porous scaffolds by solvent evaporation based on water-in-dichloromethane (W/O) Pickering high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templates, which are stabilized using g-HAp nanoparticles. The resultant porous scaffolds demonstrate interconnected and rough pore structures, which can be adjusted readily by varying g-HAp nanoparticle concentration, PCL concentration and the internal phase volume fraction. Moreover, the investigation of mechanical properties and in vitro biomineralization activity shows that the Young's modulus, compressive stress and bioactivity of the fabricated porous scaffolds are significantly enhanced upon increasing the g-HAp nanoparticle concentration. In addition, in vitro drug release studies of the porous scaffolds using ibuprofen (IBU) as a model drug show that the loaded IBU displays a sustained release profile. In vitro cell culture assays confirm that mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells can adhere, spread, and proliferate on the porous scaffolds, indicating that the porous scaffolds are biocompatible. All these results suggest that the fabricated g-HAp-PCL NC scaffolds have a promising potential for bone tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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32
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de Matos MBC, Puga AM, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Braga MEM, de Sousa HC. Osteogenic poly(ε-caprolactone)/poloxamine homogeneous blends prepared by supercritical foaming. Int J Pharm 2014; 479:11-22. [PMID: 25541145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poloxamines (PLXs) porous blends were prepared using a supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted foaming/mixing (SFM) approach aiming to obtain cytocompatible implantable materials presenting tunable morphologies, bioerosion rates, bioactive molecules release and osteogenic features. Pure PCL, pure PLXs (T908 and T1107 varieties) and three distinct PCL:PLX 75:25, 50:50, 25:75% w/w blends, with and without the osteogenic and angiogenic bioactive molecule simvastatin were processed at constant pressure of 20 MPa and temperature of 40 °C or 43 °C, for T1107 and T908, respectively. Obtained porous blends were characterized applying a wide range of techniques and in vitro methods. Calorimetric analysis showed that hydrophilic T908 and T1107 PLXs are miscible with PCL for all tested compositions. Prepared PCL:PLX porous blends rapidly lost mass when immersed into phosphate buffer pH 7.4 due to PLXs dissolution and then went through slow and almost constant erosion rates for the subsequent weeks due to PCL slow hydrolytic degradation, which explains the rapid initial release of simvastatin and its subsequent sustained release for longer periods of time. PCL and PCL:PLX 75:25% w/w porous blends, containing or not simvastatin, showed a high cytocompatibility with SAOS-2 cells. In addition, prepared biomaterials promoted mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and their differentiation into osteoblasts. Overall, obtained results showed novel possibilities of addressing local treatment of small bone defects/fractures using highly porous PCL:PLX homogeneous blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B C de Matos
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II-Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M Puga
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Ortopedia y Banco de Tejidos Musculoesqueléticos, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mara E M Braga
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II-Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Hermínio C de Sousa
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II-Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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33
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Surface hierarchical porosity in poly (ɛ-caprolactone) membranes with potential applications in tissue engineering prepared by foaming in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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34
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Liao X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wu L, Li G. Unique interfacial and confined porous morphology of PLA/PS blends in supercritical carbon dioxide. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07592g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Pourdanesh F, Jebali A, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Allaveisie A. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new nanocomposite, containing high density polyethylene, tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 40:382-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Mi HY, Jing X, Turng LS. Fabrication of porous synthetic polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering. J CELL PLAST 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x14531002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering provides a novel and promising approach to replace damaged tissue with an artificial substitute. Porous synthetic biodegradable polymers are the preferred materials for this substitution due to their microstructure, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cost. As a crucial element in tissue engineering, a scaffold acts as an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) and provides support for cell migration, differentiation, and reproduction. The fabrication of viable scaffolds, however, has been a challenge in both clinical and academic settings. Methods such as solvent casting/particle leaching, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), electrospinning, gas foaming, and rapid prototyping (additive manufacturing) have been developed or introduced for scaffold fabrication. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this review, the commonly used synthetic polymer scaffold fabrication methods will be introduced and discussed in detail, and recent progress regarding scaffold fabrication—such as combining different scaffold fabrication methods, combining various materials, and improving current scaffold fabrication methods—will be reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Mi
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI , USA
| | - Xin Jing
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI , USA
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI , USA
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37
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Jing X, Mi HY, Salick MR, Cordie T, Crone WC, Peng XF, Turng LS. Morphology, mechanical properties, and shape memory effects of poly(lactic acid)/ thermoplastic polyurethane blend scaffolds prepared by thermally induced phase separation. J CELL PLAST 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x14525959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel blended scaffolds combining biobased polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were fabricated by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) using two different solvents. Pure PLA and TPU polymer scaffolds using 1,4-dioxane as the sole solvent exhibited typical ladder-like structures, while blended PLA/TPU scaffolds using the same solvent showed a more uniform microstructure. When de-ionized water was added to the solution as a non-solvent, scaffolds with the mixed solvent showed more open cells and greater interconnectivity. In compression tests, it was found that specimens, including pure PLA, TPU, and blended scaffolds with the mixed solvent, showed a higher compressive modulus than their counterparts that used dioxane as the single solvent. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was employed to characterize the shape memory properties of the scaffolds. DMA indicated that the shape fixing ratio was highest in the PLA scaffolds, while the shape recovery ratio of the TPU scaffolds was the greatest among the specimens. More interestingly, when the mixed solvent was used, the shape memory property of the blended scaffolds displayed a similar deformation curve to the TPU scaffold. This was due to the presence of the TPU phase and similarity in structure between PLA/TPU and TPU scaffolds when mixed solvent was used. In the degradation test, the blended scaffolds showed a balanced degradation behavior in-between the more easily degraded PLA and the more stable TPU in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and the addition of water to the systems accelerated the degradation process of the specimens. Cell culture results showed that all of the scaffolds had good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jing
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hao-Yang Mi
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Max R Salick
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Travis Cordie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiang-Fang Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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38
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Salerno A, Domingo C. Low-temperature clean preparation of poly(lactic acid) foams by combining ethyl lactate and supercritical CO2
: correlation between processing and foam pore structure. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Salerno
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus de la UAB s/n Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Concepción Domingo
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus de la UAB s/n Bellaterra 08193 Spain
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39
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Salerno A, Domingo C. Effect of blowing agent composition and processing parameters on the low temperature foaming of poly(l-lactide/caprolactone) co-polymer by means of supercritical CO2/ethyl lactate binary mixtures. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Tang M, Purcell M, Steele JAM, Lee KY, McCullen S, Shakesheff KM, Bismarck A, Stevens MM, Howdle SM, Williams CK. Porous Copolymers of ε-Caprolactone as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401439z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Matthew Purcell
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Joseph A. M. Steele
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seth McCullen
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Kevin M. Shakesheff
- School of
Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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41
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Yang G, Su J, Gao J, Hu X, Geng C, Fu Q. Fabrication of well-controlled porous foams of graphene oxide modified poly(propylene-carbonate) using supercritical carbon dioxide and its potential tissue engineering applications. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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Salerno A, Pascual CD. A clean and sustainable route towards the design and fabrication of biodegradable foams by means of supercritical CO2/ethyl lactate solid-state foaming. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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43
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Salerno A, Levato R, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Engel E, Netti PA, Planell JA. Modular polylactic acid microparticle-based scaffolds prepared via microfluidic emulsion/solvent displacement process: Fabrication, characterization, andin vitromesenchymal stem cells interaction study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:720-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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44
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Salerno A, Zeppetelli S, Di Maio E, Iannace S, Netti P. Architecture and properties of bi-modal porous scaffolds for bone regeneration prepared via supercritical CO2 foaming and porogen leaching combined process. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Gupta KK, Kundan A, Mishra PK, Srivastava P, Mohanty S, Singh NK, Mishra A, Maiti P. Retracted Article: Polycaprolactone composites with TiO2 for potential nanobiomaterials: tunable properties using different phases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:12844-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41789h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles of different phases play a key role in property alteration of nanocomposite fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal K. Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Akshay Kundan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Pradeep K. Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi-110029
- India
| | - Narendra K. Singh
- School of Material Science & Technology
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Abhinay Mishra
- School of Material Science & Technology
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Material Science & Technology
- Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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