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Sutthasupa S, Pankaew A, Thisan S, Wangngae S, Kumphune S. Approaching Tryptophan-Derived Polynorbornene Fluorescent Chemosensors: Synthesis, Characterization, and Sensing Ability for Biomedical Applications as Biomarkers for Detecting Fe 2+ Ions. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2875-2889. [PMID: 38554086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel group of tryptophan (Trp)-based fluorescent polymeric probes synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of Trp-derived norbornene monomers. These probes, in mono- and disubstituted forms, incorporate amide and ester anchoring groups. The quantity of Trp substituents did not affect fluorescence selectivity but influenced quenching percentage. Poly-diamide-Trp, Poly-monoamide-Trp, Poly-diester-Trp, and Poly-monoester-Trp probes displayed selective detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions with fluorescence on-off characteristics. Poly-diamide-Trp and Poly-monoamide-Trp exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) for Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions of 0.86-11.32 μM, while Poly-diester-Trp and Poly-monoester-Trp showed higher LODs (21.8-108.7 μM). These probes exhibited high selectivity over Fe2+, a crucial metal ion in the body known for its redox properties causing oxidative stress and cell damage. Cell cytotoxicity tests in various cell types confirmed biocompatibility. Additionally, Poly-diamide-Trp displayed excellent cell permeability and iron ion detection in EA.hy926 cells, suggesting potential for bioimaging and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutthira Sutthasupa
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Aphiwat Pankaew
- Mahidol University-Frontier Research Facility, Mahidol University at Salaya, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya 73170, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Thisan
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 502200, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Wangngae
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 502200, Thailand
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2
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Pegoraro C, Domingo-Ortí I, Conejos-Sánchez I, Vicent MJ. Unlocking the Mitochondria for Nanomedicine-based Treatments: Overcoming Biological Barriers, Improving Designs, and Selecting Verification Techniques. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115195. [PMID: 38325562 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced targeting approaches will support the treatment of diseases associated with dysfunctional mitochondria, which play critical roles in energy generation and cell survival. Obstacles to mitochondria-specific targeting include the presence of distinct biological barriers and the need to pass through (or avoid) various cell internalization mechanisms. A range of studies have reported the design of mitochondrially-targeted nanomedicines that navigate the complex routes required to influence mitochondrial function; nonetheless, a significant journey lies ahead before mitochondrially-targeted nanomedicines become suitable for clinical use. Moving swiftly forward will require safety studies, in vivo assays confirming effectiveness, and methodologies to validate mitochondria-targeted nanomedicines' subcellular location/activity. From a nanomedicine standpoint, we describe the biological routes involved (from administration to arrival within the mitochondria), the features influencing rational design, and the techniques used to identify/validate successful targeting. Overall, rationally-designed mitochondria-targeted-based nanomedicines hold great promise for precise subcellular therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pegoraro
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory and CIBERONC, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inés Domingo-Ortí
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory and CIBERONC, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory and CIBERONC, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory and CIBERONC, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Hard, Soft, and Hard-and-Soft Drug Delivery Carriers Based on CaCO3 and Alginate Biomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050909. [PMID: 35631494 PMCID: PMC9146629 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because free therapeutic drug molecules often have adverse effects on normal tissues, deliver scanty drug concentrations and exhibit a potentially low efficacy at pathological sites, various drug carriers have been developed for preclinical and clinical trials. Their physicochemical and toxicological properties are the subject of extensive research. Inorganic calcium carbonate particles are promising candidates as drug delivery carriers owning to their hardness, porous internal structure, high surface area, distinctive pH-sensitivity, low degradability, etc, while soft organic alginate hydrogels are also widely used because of their special advantages such as a high hydration, bio-adhesiveness, and non-antigenicity. Here, we review these two distinct substances as well as hybrid structures encompassing both types of carriers. Methods of their synthesis, fundamental properties and mechanisms of formation, and their respective applications are described. Furthermore, we summarize and compare similarities versus differences taking into account unique advantages and disadvantages of these drug delivery carriers. Moreover, rational combination of both carrier types due to their performance complementarity (yin-&yang properties: in general, yin is referred to for definiteness as hard, and yang is broadly taken as soft) is proposed to be used in the so-called hybrid carriers endowing them with even more advanced properties envisioned to be attractive for designing new drug delivery systems.
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Trementozzi AN, Zhao C, Smyth H, Cui Z, Stachowiak JC. Gap Junction-Mediated Delivery of Polymeric Macromolecules. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1566-1572. [PMID: 35263989 PMCID: PMC9157716 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular delivery of therapeutic macromolecules such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids remains limited due to inefficient transport across the cellular plasma membrane. Gap junction channels, composed of connexin proteins, provide a mechanism for direct transfer of small molecules across membranes, and recent evidence suggests that the transfer of larger, polymer-like molecules such as microRNAs may be possible. Here, we report direct evidence of gap junction-mediated transfer of polymeric macromolecules. Specifically, we examined the transport of dextran chains with molecular weights ranging from 10 to 70 kDa. We found that dextran chains of up to 40 kDa can diffuse through at least five cell layers in a gap junction-dependent manner within a 30 min time frame. Further, we evaluated the ability of connectosomes, cell-derived vesicles containing functional connexin proteins, to be loaded with dextran chains. By opening connexon hemichannel pores within the membranes of connectosomes, we found that 10 kDa dextran was loaded into more than 90% of vesicles, with reduced levels of loading for dextran chains of larger molecular weight. Upon delivering 10 kDa dextran-loaded connectosomes to cells, we further found that connectosomes transferred these membrane-impermeable molecules to the cellular cytosol with dramatically improved efficiency in comparison to the delivery of free, unencapsulated dextran. Collectively, these results reveal that polymeric macromolecules can be delivered to cells via gap junctions, suggesting that the gap junction route may be useful for the delivery of polymeric therapeutic molecules, such as nucleic acids and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Trementozzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hugh Smyth
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jeanne C Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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5
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Abstract
Polysaccharide biomaterials have gained significant importance in the manufacture of nanoparticles used in colon-targeted drug delivery systems. These systems are a form of non-invasive oral therapy used in the treatment of various diseases. To achieve successful colonic delivery, the chemical, enzymatic and mucoadhesive barriers within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract must be analyzed. This will allow for the nanomaterials to cross these barriers and reach the colon. This review provides information on the development of nanoparticles made from various polysaccharides, which can overcome multiple barriers along the GI tract and affect encapsulation efficiency, drug protection, and release mechanisms upon arrival in the colon. Also, there is information disclosed about the size of the nanoparticles that are usually involved in the mechanisms of diffusion through the barriers in the GI tract, which may influence early drug degradation and release in the digestive tract.
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Falanga A, Del Genio V, Kaufman EA, Zannella C, Franci G, Weck M, Galdiero S. Engineering of Janus-Like Dendrimers with Peptides Derived from Glycoproteins of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Toward a Versatile and Novel Antiviral Platform. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6488. [PMID: 34204295 PMCID: PMC8234430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel antiviral nanotherapeutics, which may inactivate the virus and block it from entering host cells, represent an important challenge to face viral global health emergencies around the world. Using a combination of bioorthogonal copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar alkyne/azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) and photoinitiated thiol-ene coupling, monofunctional and bifunctional peptidodendrimer conjugates were obtained. The conjugates are biocompatible and demonstrate no toxicity to cells at biologically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, the orthogonal addition of multiple copies of two different antiviral peptides on the surface of a single dendrimer allowed the resulting bioconjugates to inhibit Herpes simplex virus type 1 at both the early and the late stages of the infection process. The presented work builds on further improving this attractive design to obtain a new class of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Valentina Del Genio
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPEB, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elizabeth A. Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Marcus Weck
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPEB, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Wang JK, Cheam NMJ, Irvine SA, Tan NS, Venkatraman S, Tay CY. Interpenetrating Network of Alginate–Human Adipose Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Islet Cells Encapsulation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000275. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kit Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Nicole Mein Ji Cheam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Scott Alexander Irvine
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore 11 Mandalay Road Singapore 308232 Singapore
| | - Subbu Venkatraman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Blk EA, 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One Singapore 637141 Singapore
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8
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Ravishankar S, Suzuki S, Sawada T, Lim S, Serizawa T. Preparation and Dynamic Behavior of Protein-Polymer Complexes Formed with Polymer-Binding Peptides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samyukta Ravishankar
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Block N1.3, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Seigo Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-17 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Block N1.3, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550
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9
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Callmann CE, Thompson MP, Gianneschi NC. Poly(peptide): Synthesis, Structure, and Function of Peptide-Polymer Amphiphiles and Protein-like Polymers. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:400-413. [PMID: 31967781 PMCID: PMC11042489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Account, we describe the organization of functional peptides as densely arrayed side chains on polymer scaffolds which we introduce as a new class of material called poly(peptide). We describe two general classes of poly(peptide): (1) Peptide-Polymer Amphiphiles (PPAs), which consist of block copolymers with a dense grouping of peptides arrayed as the side chains of the hydrophilic block and connected to a hydrophobic block that drives micelle assembly, and (2) Protein-like Polymers (PLPs), wherein peptide-brush polymers are composed from monomers, each containing a peptide side chain. Peptides organized in this manner imbue polymers or polymeric nanoparticles with a range of functional qualities inherent to their specific sequence. Therefore, polymers or nanoparticles otherwise lacking bioactivity or responsiveness to stimuli, once linked to a peptide of choice, can now bind proteins, enter cells and tissues, have controlled and switchable biodistribution patterns, and be enzyme substrates (e.g., for kinases, phosphatases, proteases). Indeed, where peptide substrates are incorporated, kinetically or thermodynamically driven morphological transitions can be enzymatically induced in the polymeric material. Synergistically, the polymer enforces changes in peptide activity and function by virtue of packing and constraining the peptide. The scaffold can protect peptides from proteolysis, change the pharmacokinetic profile of an intravenously injected peptide, increase the cellular uptake of an otherwise cell impermeable therapeutic peptide, or change peptide substrate activity entirely. Moreover, in addition to the sequence-controlled peptides (generated by solid phase synthesis), the polymer can carry its own sequence-dependent information, especially through living polymerization strategies allowing well-defined blocks and terminal labels (e.g., dyes, contrast agents, charged moieties). Hence, the two elements, peptide and polymer, cooperate to yield materials with unique function and properties quite apart from each alone. Herein, we describe the development of synthetic strategies for accessing these classes of biomolecule polymer conjugates. We discuss the utility of poly(peptide)-based materials in a range of biomedical applications, including imaging of diseased tissues (myocardial infarction and cancer), delivering small molecule drugs to tumors with high specificity, imparting cell permeability to otherwise impermeable peptides, protecting bioactive peptides from proteolysis in harsh conditions (e.g., stomach acid and whole blood), and transporting proteins into traditionally difficult-to-transfect cell types, including stem cells. Poly(peptide) materials offer new properties to both the constituent peptides and to the polymers, which can be tuned by the design of the oligopeptide sequence, degree of polymerization, peptide arrangement on the polymer backbone, and polymer backbone chemistry. These properties establish this approach as valuable for the development of peptides as medicines and materials in a range of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E. Callmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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10
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Munasinghe A, Baker SL, Lin P, Russell AJ, Colina CM. Structure-function-dynamics of α-chymotrypsin based conjugates as a function of polymer charge. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:456-465. [PMID: 31803897 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The field of protein-polymer conjugates has suffered from a lack of predictive tools and design guidelines to synthesize highly active and stable conjugates. In order to develop this type of information, structure-function-dynamics relationships must be understood. These relationships depend strongly on protein-polymer interactions and how these influence protein dynamics and conformations. Probing nanoscale interactions is experimentally difficult, but computational tools, such as molecular dynamics simulations, can easily obtain atomic resolution. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were used to study α-chymotrypsin (CT) densely conjugated with either zwitterionic, positively charged, or negatively charged polymers. Charged polymers interacted with the protein surface to varying degrees and in different regions of the polymer, depending on their flexibilities. Specific interactions of the negatively charged polymer with CT caused structural deformations in CT's substrate binding pocket and active site while no deformations were observed for zwitterionic and positively charged polymers. Attachment of polymers displaced water molecules from CT's surface into the polymer phase and polymer hydration correlated with the Hofmeister series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinda Munasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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11
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Varshney R, Sharma S, Prakash B, Laha JK, Patra D. One-Step Fabrication of Enzyme-Immobilized Reusable Polymerized Microcapsules from Microfluidic Droplets. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13790-13794. [PMID: 31497697 PMCID: PMC6714293 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is an essential prerequisite for biocatalysis. In this context, emulsion provides an excellent template for assembling enzymes at the oil-water interface. A microfluidic approach has been adopted to produce oil-in-water-type emulsions stabilized by gold nanoparticle-catalase conjugates. In situ ring-opening polymerization of the oil phase produces solid core enzyme-immobilized microcapsules (MCs). These resultant MCs exhibited a K m value of 42 mM and shows 1.1-fold higher activity compared to free enzymes. Finally, the robust MCs showed excellent recyclability, which can meet the demand of industrial biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Varshney
- Habitat Centre, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Shubhra Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash
- Habitat Centre, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Debabrata Patra
- Habitat Centre, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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13
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Wright TA, Page RC, Konkolewicz D. Polymer conjugation of proteins as a synthetic post-translational modification to impact their stability and activity. Polym Chem 2019; 10:434-454. [PMID: 31249635 PMCID: PMC6596429 DOI: 10.1039/c8py01399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For more than 40 years, protein-polymer conjugates have been widely used for many applications, industrially and biomedically. These bioconjugates have been shown to modulate the activity and stability of various proteins while introducing reusability and new activities that can be used for drug delivery, improve pharmacokinetic ability, and stimuli-responsiveness. Techniques such as RDRP, ROMP and "click" have routinely been utilized for development of well-defined bioconjugate and polymeric materials. Synthesis of bioconjugate materials often take advantage of natural amino acids present within protein and peptide structures for a host of coupling chemistries. Polymer modification may elicit increased or decreased activity, activity retention under harsh conditions, prolonged activity in vivo and in vitro, and introduce stimuli responsiveness. Bioconjugation has resulted to modulated thermal stability, chemical stability, storage stability, half-life and reusability. In this review we aim to provide a brief state of the field, highlight a wide range of behaviors caused by polymer conjugation, and provide areas of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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14
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Tomás RF, Martyn B, Bailey TL, Gibson MI. Engineering Cell Surfaces by Covalent Grafting of Synthetic Polymers to Metabolically-Labeled Glycans. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1289-1294. [PMID: 30533278 PMCID: PMC6281312 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Re-engineering mammalian cell surfaces enables modulation of their phenotype, function, and interactions with external markers and may find application in cell-based therapies. Here we use metabolic glycan labeling to install azido groups onto the cell surface, which can act as anchor points to enable rapid, simple, and robust "click" functionalization by the addition of a polymer bearing orthogonally reactive functionality. Using this strategy, new cell surface functionality was introduced by using telechelic polymers with fluorescence or biotin termini, demonstrating that recruitment of biomacromolecules is possible. This approach may enable the attachment of payloads and modulation of cell function and fate, as well as providing a tool to interface synthetic polymers with biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben
M. F. Tomás
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- MAS
CDT, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Martyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Trisha L. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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15
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Ferreira Soares DC, Oda CMR, Monteiro LOF, de Barros ALB, Tebaldi ML. Responsive polymer conjugates for drug delivery applications: recent advances in bioconjugation methodologies. J Drug Target 2018; 27:355-366. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1499747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Mari Ramos Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Andre Luis Branco de Barros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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17
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Cengiz N, Gevrek TN, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Orthogonal thiol-ene 'click' reactions: a powerful combination for fabrication and functionalization of patterned hydrogels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:8894-8897. [PMID: 28740993 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A combination of 'orthogonal' thiol-ene 'click' reactions is utilized for fabrication and functionalization of micro-patterned hydrogels. A furan-protected maleimide-containing parent copolymer is partially activated via the retro Diels-Alder reaction to obtain an 'orthogonally' functionalizable copolymer, where the different functional groups can be exploited for multi-functionalization or fabrication of functional hydrogels using combination of the nucleophilic and radical thiol-ene reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cengiz
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
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18
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Martens S, Holloway JO, Du Prez FE. Click and Click-Inspired Chemistry for the Design of Sequence-Controlled Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28990247 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During the previous decade, many popular chemical reactions used in the area of "click" chemistry and similarly efficient "click-inspired" reactions have been applied for the design of sequence-defined and, more generally, sequence-controlled structures. This combination of topics has already made quite a significant impact on scientific research to date and has enabled the synthesis of highly functionalized and complex oligomeric and polymeric structures, which offer the prospect of many exciting further developments and applications in the near future. This minireview highlights the fruitful combination of these two topics for the preparation of sequence-controlled oligomeric and macromolecular structures and showcases the vast number of publications in this field within a relatively short span of time. It is divided into three sections according to the click-(inspired) reaction that has been applied: copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, thiol-X, and related thiolactone-based reactions, and finally Diels-Alder-chemistry-based routes are outlined, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Martens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joshua O Holloway
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Croom A, Tarallo R, Weck M. End-group functionalization and postpolymerization modification of helical poly(isocyanide)s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Croom
- Department of Chemistry and the Molecular Design Institute; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York New York 10003-6688
| | - Rossella Tarallo
- Department of Chemistry and the Molecular Design Institute; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York New York 10003-6688
| | - Marcus Weck
- Department of Chemistry and the Molecular Design Institute; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York New York 10003-6688
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20
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Radi L, Fach M, Montigny M, Berger-Nicoletti E, Tremel W, Wich PR. Methods of protein surface PEGylation under structure preservation for the emulsion-based formation of stable nanoparticles. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated different methods for a high surface PEGylation of lysozyme. The resulting lipophilic enzymes can be used for the formation of stable nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Radi
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Matthias Fach
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Mirko Montigny
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Peter R. Wich
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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21
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Larnaudie SC, Brendel JC, Jolliffe KA, Perrier S. Cyclic peptide-polymer conjugates: Grafting-to vs grafting-from. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C. Larnaudie
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom
| | - Katrina A. Jolliffe
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Building F11 New South Wales Sydney 2006 Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; 381 Royal Parade Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
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22
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Moatsou D, Li J, Ranji A, Pitto-Barry A, Ntai I, Jewett MC, O’Reilly RK. Self-Assembly of Temperature-Responsive Protein-Polymer Bioconjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1890-9. [PMID: 26083370 PMCID: PMC4577958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple temperature-responsive bioconjugate system comprising superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) decorated with poly[(oligo ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (PEGMA) polymers. We used amber suppression to site-specifically incorporate the non-canonical azide-functional amino acid p-azidophenylalanine (pAzF) into sfGFP at different positions. The azide moiety on modified sfGFP was then coupled using copper-catalyzed "click" chemistry with the alkyne terminus of a PEGMA synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The protein in the resulting bioconjugate was found to remain functionally active (i.e., fluorescent) after conjugation. Turbidity measurements revealed that the point of attachment of the polymer onto the protein scaffold has an impact on the thermoresponsive behavior of the resultant bioconjugate. Furthermore, small-angle X-ray scattering analysis showed the wrapping of the polymer around the protein in a temperature-dependent fashion. Our work demonstrates that standard genetic manipulation combined with an expanded genetic code provides an easy way to construct functional hybrid biomaterials where the location of the conjugation site on the protein plays an important role in determining material properties. We anticipate that our approach could be generalized for the synthesis of complex functional materials with precisely defined domain orientation, connectivity, and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Moatsou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Li
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes
Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Arnaz Ranji
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes
Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Ntai
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes
Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes
Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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23
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Yang L, Li W, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Chen T. Rational Design of Cancer-Targeted Benzoselenadiazole by RGD Peptide Functionalization for Cancer Theranostics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liye Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Wenying Li
- Department of Chemistry; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Yanyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Yangliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
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24
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Borchmann DE, Tarallo R, Avendano S, Falanga A, Carberry TP, Galdiero S, Weck M. Membranotropic Peptide-Functionalized Poly(lactide)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) Brush Copolymers for Intracellular Delivery. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee E. Borchmann
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Rossella Tarallo
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Sarha Avendano
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone
16, Naples 80134, Italy
| | - Tom P. Carberry
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone
16, Naples 80134, Italy
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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25
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Wu L, Glebe U, Böker A. Surface-initiated controlled radical polymerizations from silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and bionanoparticles. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00525f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress in surface-initiated controlled radical polymerizations from silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and bionanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen
| | - Ulrich Glebe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie
- Universität Potsdam
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26
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Glassner M, Maji S, de la Rosa VR, Vanparijs N, Ryskulova K, De Geest BG, Hoogenboom R. Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of a bicyclononyne tosylate: a fast route towards bioorthogonal clickable poly(2-oxazoline)s. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanochemical synthesis of a bicyclononyne tosylate (BCN-OTs) and its subsequent use for the CROP of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline yielding bioorthogonal clickable poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Glassner
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Samarendra Maji
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Victor R. de la Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Nane Vanparijs
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Kanykei Ryskulova
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | | | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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27
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Espeel P, Du Prez FE. “Click”-Inspired Chemistry in Macromolecular Science: Matching Recent Progress and User Expectations. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501386v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Espeel
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Pelegri-O'Day EM, Lin EW, Maynard HD. Therapeutic protein-polymer conjugates: advancing beyond PEGylation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14323-32. [PMID: 25216406 DOI: 10.1021/ja504390x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are widely used as therapeutics. All Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved protein conjugates are covalently linked to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). These PEGylated drugs have longer half-lives in the bloodstream, leading to less frequent dosing, which is a significant advantage for patients. However, there are some potential drawbacks to PEG that are driving the development of alternatives. Polymers that display enhanced pharmacokinetic properties along with additional advantages such as improved stability or degradability will be important to advance the field of protein therapeutics. This perspective presents a summary of protein-PEG conjugates for therapeutic use and alternative technologies in various stages of development as well as suggestions for future directions. Established methods of producing protein-PEG conjugates and new approaches utilizing controlled radical polymerization are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Pelegri-O'Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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29
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Humboldt- und Bessel-Forschungspreise. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Humboldt and Bessel Research Awards. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Murata H, Cummings CS, Koepsel RR, Russell AJ. Rational Tailoring of Substrate and Inhibitor Affinity via ATRP Polymer-Based Protein Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2817-23. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5008629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Murata
- Disruptive
Health Technology Institute, ICES, 1201 Hamburg Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chad S. Cummings
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Doherty Hall 2100, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Richard R. Koepsel
- Disruptive
Health Technology Institute, ICES, 1201 Hamburg Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alan J. Russell
- Disruptive
Health Technology Institute, ICES, 1201 Hamburg Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Doherty Hall 2100, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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32
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Levine PM, Craven TW, Bonneau R, Kirshenbaum K. Intrinsic bioconjugation for site-specific protein PEGylation at N-terminal serine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6909-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01928h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and site-specific method to introduce PEG chains onto the N-terminus of peptides and proteins through native amide linkages at serine is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy W. Craven
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology
- New York University
- New York, USA
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology
- New York University
- New York, USA
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
- New York University
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