1
|
Jha RK, Neyhouse BJ, Young MS, Fagnani DE, McNeil AJ. Revisiting poly(vinyl chloride) reactivity in the context of chemical recycling. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5802-5813. [PMID: 38665509 PMCID: PMC11041365 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06758k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the highest production volume polymers due to its many applications, and it is one of the least recycled due to its chemical structure and frequent formulation with additives. Developing efficient PVC recycling techniques would enable PVC waste to be reused or repurposed in other processes. Within this context, the literature on PVC modification offers considerable insight into versatile reaction pathways, potentially inspiring new approaches for repurposing PVC waste into value-added products. This perspective provides an overview of PVC functionalization through a lens of chemical recycling, discussing various PVC reactivity trends and their applications with a critical assessment and future outlook of their recycling implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kant Jha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48108-1055 USA
| | - Bertrand J Neyhouse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48108-1055 USA
| | - Morgan S Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48108-1055 USA
| | - Danielle E Fagnani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48108-1055 USA
| | - Anne J McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48108-1055 USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan 2300 Hayward Street Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2800 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Blazquez-Martín A, Verde-Sesto E, Arbe A, Pomposo JA. Metamorphosis of a Commodity Plastic like PVC to Efficient Catalytic Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313502. [PMID: 37792399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We perform the conversion of a commodity plastic of common use in pipes, window frames, medical devices, flexible hoses, etc. like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). SCNPs are versatile, protein-mimetic soft nano-objects of growing interest for catalysis, sensing, and nanomedicine, among other uses. We demonstrate that the metamorphosis process -as induced through metal-free click chemistry- leads to well-defined, uniform SCNPs that are stable during storage in the solid state for months. All the conversion process (from PVC isolation to PVC-SCNPs synthesis) can be run in a green, dipolar aprotic solvent and involving, when required, a simple mixture of ethanol and water (1/1 vol.) as non-solvent. The resulting PVC-SCNPs are investigated as recyclable, metalloenzyme-mimetic catalysts for several representative Cu(II)-catalyzed organic reactions. The method could be valid for the metamorphosis and valorization of other commodity plastics in which it is feasible to install azide functional groups in their linear polymer chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Blazquez-Martín
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center MPC, P° Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, Donostia, Spain
| | - Ester Verde-Sesto
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center MPC, P° Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arantxa Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center MPC, P° Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, Donostia, Spain
| | - José A Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center MPC, P° Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009, Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 1072, E-20800, Donostia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hada S, Ji S, Na Lee Y, Hyun Kim K, Maharjan R, Ah Kim N, Rantanen J, Hoon Jeong S. Comparative study between a gravity-based and peristaltic pump for intravenous infusion with respect to generation of proteinaceous microparticles. Int J Pharm 2023:123091. [PMID: 37268032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Subvisible particles generated during the preparation or administration of biopharmaceuticals might increase the risk of immunogenicity, inflammation, or organ dysfunction. To investigate the impact of an infusion system on the level of subvisible particles, we compared two types of infusion set based on peristaltic movement (Medifusion DI-2000 pump) and a gravity-based infusion system (Accu-Drip) using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as a model drug. The peristaltic pump was found to be more susceptible to particle generation compared to the gravity infusion set owing to the stress generated due to constant peristaltic motion. Moreover, the 5-µm in-line filter integrated into the tubing of the gravity-based infusion set further contributed to the reduction of particles mostly in the range ≥ 10 µm. Furthermore, the filter was also able to maintain the particle level even after the pre-exposure of samples to silicone oil lubricated syringes, drop shock, or agitation. Overall, this study suggests the need for the selection of an appropriate infusion set equipped with an in-line filter based on the sensitivity of the product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shavron Hada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunkyong Ji
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Na Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ravi Maharjan
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Altinkok C, Sagdic G, Daglar O, Ercan Ayra M, Yuksel Durmaz Y, Durmaz H, Acik G. A new strategy for direct solution electrospinning of phosphorylated poly(vinyl chloride)/polyethyleneimine blend in alcohol media. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
5
|
Mijangos C, Calafel I, Santamaría A. Poly(vinyl chloride), a historical polymer still evolving. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
6
|
Deng T, Li S, Jia P, Yao N, Ding H, Xu L, Zhang Y, Yang X, Li M. Self-Plasticized PVC Prepared by Introducing Fatty Acid to the PVC with Triglycidyl Isocyanurate as an Intermediate Bridge. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35694-35704. [PMID: 36249389 PMCID: PMC9558238 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The phthalate-free self-plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) conforms to the concept of green chemistry. In this work, phthalate-free, biocontaining, self-plasticized PVC with nonmigration (4-an-TG-X-PVC; X = R, P, or O) was prepared by covalent attachment of ricinoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid, respectively, to the PVC matrix with 4-aminothiophenol and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) as intermediate bridges. 4-Aminothiophenol and TGIC acted as the nucleophilic reagent and the thermally stable substance, respectively. The 4-an-TG-X-PVC was observed by diverse characterization methods. Specifically, Fourier transform infrared spectra, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and migration stability tests proved the successful synthesis of 4-an-TG-X-PVC. Compared to the neat PVC, the mechanical property of 4-an-TG-X-PVC is better. The glass transition temperature (T g) of PVC is 81.24 °C, while that of 4-an-TG-X-PVC decreased to 41.88, 31.49, and 46.91 °C. The 4-an-TG-X-PVC showed higher elongation at break and lower tensile strength than neat PVC. Simultaneously, the thermal property of 4-an-TG-X-PVC got a boost. Thermogravimetry-infrared and thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry showed that 4-an-TG-X-PVC released less HCl than neat PVC in a thermal environment. Discoloration experiments demonstrated that 4-an-TG-P-PVC had better heat stabilization and better color than 4-an-TG-O-PVC and 4-an-TG-R-PVC. This work provides a viable solution to the dependence on phthalates, reduced human health and ecological risks, and endowed PVC with improved thermal stability and nonmigration performance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang W, Pi H. Rheological behavior of polyvinyl chloride‐
g‐diallyl
phthalate resin. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Xu
- Polymer Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Wang
- Polymer Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Polymer Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Polymer Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Pi
- Polymer Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng T, Li S, Yang X, Xu L, Ding H, Li M. A strategy to prepare internally-plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) by grafting castor oil onto the PVC chain with three different isocyanates as intermediate bridges. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26297-26306. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03787d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three types of isocyanates were selected as intermediate bridges to graft castor oil onto PVC to realize the internal-plasticization in PVC. This method does not require pretreatment of castor oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Deng
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Emission & High-Efficiency Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass;Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Shouhai Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Emission & High-Efficiency Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass;Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Emission & High-Efficiency Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass;Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Lina Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Emission & High-Efficiency Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass;Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Haiyang Ding
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Emission & High-Efficiency Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass;Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Emission & High-Efficiency Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass;Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vebr A, Dallegre M, Autissier L, Drappier C, Lejeune K, Gigmes D, Kermagoret A. Nitroxide mediated radical polymerization for the preparation of poly(vinyl chloride) grafted poly(acrylate) copolymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00308b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In view to control the thermal properties of PVC without the use of toxic phthalate derivatives, alkoxyamines were grafted onto an azide modified PVC, through copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC),...
Collapse
|
10
|
Choi W, Lee W, Yu YJ, Priestley RD, Chung JW, Kwak SY. Comparison of glass transition dynamics between fluorophore-labeled and -doped flexible Poly(vinyl chloride) plasticized by ultra-small branched star Poly(ε-caprolactone). POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Skelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Longbo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Braslau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang M, Wang G, Xu Y, Song X, Bu Q. Simultaneous improvement of the plasticization, mechanical and migration resistance properties of PVC materials by grafting ricinoleic acid-derived phosphate ester. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
13
|
de Anda-Flores YB, Cordón-Cardona BA, González-León A, Valenzuela-Quintanar AI, Peralta E, Soto-Valdez H. Effect of assay conditions on the migration of phthalates from polyvinyl chloride cling films used for food packaging in México. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Effect of benzene ring and alkane chain contained bio-based plasticizers on the plasticizing performance of polyvinyl chloride films. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Braslau R, Li L, Schneider Y, Hoeglund AB. Advances in Internal Plasticization of PVC: Copper-Mediated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization from PVC Defect Sites To Form Acrylate Graft Copolymers. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInternally plasticized PVC copolymers were prepared by grafting PVC with butyl acrylate and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate by atom-transfer radical polymerization, resulting in well-behaved polymers with a wide range of glass transition temperatures (–54 °C to 54 °C). When the grafted side chains made up more than 50% of the polymer by weight, the glass transition temperatures were below 0 °C. The covalent attachment of the plasticizing grafts requires one simple procedure starting from commercial PVC, making this strategy an industrially relevant and environmentally friendly alternative to the use of conventional small-molecule plasticizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Braslau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz
| | - Longbo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Czogała J, Pankalla E, Turczyn R. Recent Attempts in the Design of Efficient PVC Plasticizers with Reduced Migration. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040844. [PMID: 33578880 PMCID: PMC7916570 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the current trends in replacing commonly used plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, formulations by new compounds with reduced migration, leading to the enhancement in mechanical properties and better plasticizing efficiency. Novel plasticizers have been divided into three groups depending on the replacement strategy, i.e., total replacement, partial replacement, and internal plasticizers. Chemical and physical properties of PVC formulations containing a wide range of plasticizers have been compared, allowing observance of the improvements in polymer performance in comparison to PVC plasticized with conventionally applied bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate and di-n-octyl terephthalate. Among a variety of newly developed plasticizers, we have indicated those presenting excellent migration resistance and advantageous mechanical properties, as well as those derived from natural sources. A separate chapter has been dedicated to the description of a synergistic effect of a mixture of two plasticizers, primary and secondary, that benefits in migration suppression when secondary plasticizer is added to PVC blend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czogała
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Research and Innovation Department, Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn S.A., Mostowa 30A, 47-220 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Ewa Pankalla
- Research and Innovation Department, Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn S.A., Mostowa 30A, 47-220 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
| | - Roman Turczyn
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (R.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang M, Kong X, Song X, Chen Y, Bu Q. Construction of enhanced self-plasticized PVC via grafting with a bio-derived Mannich base. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-plasticized PVC materials (PVC-ML-g) were successfully prepared via grafting with a lauraldehyde-derived Mannich base and presented improved thermal stability and outstanding anti-migration ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
| | - Xianghai Kong
- School of Agricultural Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Xianghai Song
- Institute of the Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Yunliang Chen
- School of Agricultural Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Quan Bu
- School of Agricultural Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sagdic G, Daglar O, Gunay US, Cakmakci E, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. Practical phosphorylation of polymers: an easy access to fully alcohol soluble synthetically and industrially important polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00726b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the phosphorylation of synthetically and industrially important polymers is introduced to the polymer community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Sagdic
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Ozgun Daglar
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Ufuk Saim Gunay
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Emrah Cakmakci
- Department of Chemistry
- Marmara University
- 34722 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun Z, Wang M, Li Z, Choi B, Mulder RJ, Feng A, Moad G, Thang SH. Versatile Approach for Preparing PVC-Based Mikto-Arm Star Additives Based on RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Mu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bonnie Choi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Roger J. Mulder
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Anchao Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Graeme Moad
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - San H. Thang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rezende TC, Abreu CM, Fonseca AC, Higa CM, Li L, Serra AC, Braslau R, Coelho JF. Efficient internal plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) via free radical copolymerization of vinyl chloride with an acrylate bearing a triazole phthalate mimic. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
21
|
Jafari N, Arab B, Zekri N, Fareghi‐Alamdari R. Experimental and Simulation Study on Glass Transition Temperatures of GAP with Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Energetic Plasticizers. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Jafari
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringMalek-Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Behrouz Arab
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringMalek-Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tehran North BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Negar Zekri
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringMalek-Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Fareghi‐Alamdari
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringMalek-Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma Y, Liao S, Li Q, Guan Q, Jia P, Zhou Y. Physical and chemical modifications of poly(vinyl chloride) materials to prevent plasticizer migration - Still on the run. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
23
|
Xu Y, Xiong Y, Guo S. Effect of liquid plasticizers on crystallization of PCL in soft PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bodaghi A. An overview on the recent developments in reactive plasticizers in polymers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Bodaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Qom PO Box 37185‐359 Qom Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Skelly PW, Sae-Jew J, Kitos Vasconcelos AP, Tasnim J, Li L, Raskatov JA, Braslau R. Relative Rates of Metal-Free Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions: Tunability over 3 Orders of Magnitude. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13615-13623. [PMID: 31560548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermal (3 + 2) dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition, proceeding without copper or strained alkynes, is an underutilized ligation with potential applications in materials, bioorganic, and synthetic chemistry. Herein, we investigate the effects of alkyne substitution on the rate of this reaction, both experimentally and computationally. Electron-withdrawing groups accelerate the reaction, providing a range of relative rates from 1.0 to 2100 between the slowest and fastest alkynes studied. Unexpectedly, aryl groups conjugated to the alkyne significantly retard the reaction rate. In contrast, a sulfonyl, ester-substituted alkyne is reactive enough that it couples with an azide at room temperature in a few hours. This reactivity scale should provide a guide to those who wish to use this ligation under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Skelly
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Jirapon Sae-Jew
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Ana Paula Kitos Vasconcelos
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Jerin Tasnim
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Longbo Li
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Rebecca Braslau
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Neumann S, Biewend M, Rana S, Binder WH. The CuAAC: Principles, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts, and Novel Developments and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900359. [PMID: 31631449 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) has emerged as the most useful "click" chemistry. Polymer science has profited enormously from CuAAC by its simplicity, ease, scope, applicability and efficiency. Basic principles of the CuAAC are reviewed with a focus on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, ligands, anchimeric assistance, and basic chemical principles. Recent developments of ligand design and acceleration are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Neumann
- Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von Danckelmannplatz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michel Biewend
- Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von Danckelmannplatz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sravendra Rana
- School of Engineering University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von Danckelmannplatz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kumar S. Recent Developments of Biobased Plasticizers and Their Effect on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride): A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Kumar
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP), Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET: IPT), B/25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jia P, Ma Y, Zhang M, Hu L, Li Q, Yang X, Zhou Y. Flexible PVC materials grafted with castor oil derivative containing synergistic flame retardant groups of nitrogen and phosphorus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1766. [PMID: 30741993 PMCID: PMC6370906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Internally plasticized PVC by replacement of chlorine with castor oil derivative containing synergistic flame retardant groups of nitrogen and phosphorus, that is, castor oil derivative grafted onto PVC matrix, is reported. Low glass transition temperature (Tg) of modified PVC was produced although thermal stability was reduced. However, the migration was completely suppressed. The combination of castor oil derivative containing synergistic flame retardant groups of nitrogen and phosphorus with PVC matrix through modifying PVC materials with click reaction prepared flexible PVC materials with zero migration and enhanced flame retardant property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University and Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Ma
- Nanjing Forestry University, College of Materials Science and Engineering, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University and Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University and Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoguang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University and Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University and Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arslan M, Acik G, Tasdelen MA. The emerging applications of click chemistry reactions in the modification of industrial polymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00510b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry reactions have been applied to the modification of major industrial polymers by analysing the synthetic approaches and the resulting material properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Yalova University
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
| | - Gokhan Acik
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Yalova University
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Yalova University
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tong H, Hai J. Sustainable synthesis of bio-based hyperbranched ester and its application for preparing soft polyvinyl chloride materials. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Tong
- College of Chemical Engineering; Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology; Maoming PR China
| | - Jinping Hai
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering; Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology; Maoming PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Beveridge JM, Chenot HM, Crich A, Jacob A, Finn MG. Covalent Functionalization of Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride Tubing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10407-10412. [PMID: 30141938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing is a vital part of many industries, including the medical and food sectors. The ability to chemically modify PVC has previously been reported mainly on powdered or rigid forms of the plastic. Here, we describe the chemical modification of flexible PVC tubing with azide (and the attempted modification with cyanide) facilitated by phase transfer catalysts and characterization of the resulting materials. These modifications provide convenient handles for click chemistry linkages via azide-akyne cycloaddition, which allows for diverse surface functionalization of PVC for a variety of applications.
Collapse
|
32
|
Fareghi‐Alamdari R, Jafari N, Shahidzadeh M, Zekri N. Post Modification of Poly Glycidyl Azide with Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Reactive Plasticizer through Catalyst‐Free Click Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fareghi‐Alamdari
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringMalek-Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran, Fax: + 98–21- 44658251, Tel: + 98–937- 3381632
| | - Najmeh Jafari
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringMalek-Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran, Fax: + 98–21- 44658251, Tel: + 98–937- 3381632
| | - Mansour Shahidzadeh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringMalek-Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran, Fax: + 98–21- 44658251, Tel: + 98–937- 3381632
| | - Negar Zekri
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringMalek-Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran, Fax: + 98–21- 44658251, Tel: + 98–937- 3381632
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ma M, Kwon Y. Reactive cycloalkane plasticizers covalently linked to energetic polyurethane binders via facile control of an in situ Cu-free azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic performance of a spacer-controlled Huisgen azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction for alkyne-bearing reactive cycloalkane plasticizers is explored in combination with the computational protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Ma
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices
- East China University of Technology
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Younghwan Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Daegu University
- Gyeongsan
- Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jicsinszky L, Tuza K, Cravotto G, Porcheddu A, Delogu F, Colacino E. Influence of the milling parameters on the nucleophilic substitution reaction of activated β-cyclodextrins. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1893-1899. [PMID: 29062408 PMCID: PMC5629382 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work focuses on the mechanochemical preparation of industrially important β-cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives. Activated CDs have been reacted with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles using a planetary mill equipped with stainless steel, zirconia and glass milling tools of different sizes. It is shown that the milling frequency and the number as well as the size of the milling balls have an effect on the nucleophilic reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Jicsinszky
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Kata Tuza
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory, Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1192 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio per Sestu, 09028 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica, e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Evelina Colacino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.,Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR5247 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, cc1703, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Salazar Avalos A, Hakkarainen M, Odelius K. Superiorly Plasticized PVC/PBSA Blends through Crotonic and Acrylic Acid Functionalization of PVC. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E84. [PMID: 30970763 PMCID: PMC6431921 DOI: 10.3390/polym9030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Superior plasticization efficiency was achieved by a grafting from functionalization of the PVC backbone. This was deduced to a synergistic effect of internal plasticization and improved intermolecular interactions between PVC and an oligomeric poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) plasticizer. A mild grafting process for functionalization of the PVC chain by crotonic acid (CA) or acrylic acid (AA) was used. The formation of PVC-g-CA and PVC-g-AA was confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR. Grafting with the seemingly similar monomers, CA and AA, resulted in different macromolecular structures. AA is easily homopolymerized and long hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) grafts are formed resulting in branched materials. Crotonic acid does not easily homopolymerize; instead, single crotonic acid units are located along the PVC chain, leading to basically linear PVC chains with pendant crotonic acid groups. The elongation of PVC-g-CA and PVC-g-AA in comparison to pure PVC were greatly increased from 6% to 128% and 167%, respectively, by the grafting reactions. Blending 20% (w/w) PBSA with PVC, PVC-AA or PVC-CA further increased the elongation at break to 150%, 240% and 320%, respectively, clearly showing a significant synergistic effect in the blends with functionalized PVC. This is a clearly promising milestone towards environmentally friendly flexible PVC materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Salazar Avalos
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karin Odelius
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Navarro R, Gacal T, Ocakoglu M, García C, Elvira C, Gallardo A, Reinecke H. Nonmigrating Equivalent Substitutes for PVC/DOP Formulations as Shown by a TG Study of PVC with Covalently Bound PEO-PPO Oligomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28160361 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Monoamino functionalized ethylenoxide (EO)/propylenoxide oligomers (Jeffamine) are linked chemically to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) using trichlorotriazine chemistry in order to prepare nonmigrating internally plasticized materials. The dependence of the plasticizer efficiency on both the number of anchoring points to the chains and the PVC/plasticizer compatibility is investigated using oligomers of different molecular weight and hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. Hydrophilic oligomers (containing predominantly EO) of molecular weights between 2000 and 5000 g mol-1 exhibit excellent plasticizer efficiency, nearly identical to di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DOP) in conventional PVC/DOP mixtures and may therefore be used as nonmigrating equivalents for DOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Navarro
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tülin Gacal
- Marmara University, Institute of Pure and Applied Science, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Ocakoglu
- Marmara University, Institute of Pure and Applied Science, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carolina García
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jia P, Hu L, Zhang M, Feng G, Zhou Y. Phosphorus containing castor oil based derivatives: Potential non-migratory flame retardant plasticizer. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
38
|
Jia P, Hu L, Yang X, Zhang M, Shang Q, Zhou Y. Internally plasticized PVC materials via covalent attachment of aminated tung oil methyl ester. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed an internal plasticizer of aminated tung oil methyl ester for the production of non-migration, phthalate-free flexible and internally plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Qianqian Shang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Earla A, Li L, Costanzo P, Braslau R. Phthalate plasticizers covalently linked to PVC via copper-free or copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Lee KW, Chung JW, Kwak SY. Structurally Enhanced Self-Plasticization of Poly(vinyl chloride) via Click Grafting of Hyperbranched Polyglycerol. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:2045-2051. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Won Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Jae Woo Chung
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering; Soongsil University; 369 Sangdo-ro Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-743 South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeop Kwak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Navarro R, Perrino MP, García C, Elvira C, Gallardo A, Reinecke H. Opening New Gates for the Modification of PVC or Other PVC Derivatives: Synthetic Strategies for the Covalent Binding of Molecules to PVC. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8040152. [PMID: 30979244 PMCID: PMC6432504 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several synthetic strategies based on the use of substituted aromatic and hetero-aromatic thiols for the covalent binding of modifier compounds to PVC are described. A variety of aliphatic alcohols and amines are linked to the aromatic or heteroaromatic rings via highly active functionalities as the isocyanate, acidchloride, or chlorosulfonyl group, and the three chlorine atoms of trichlorotriazine. The first three pathways lead to protected aromatic disulfides obtaining the substituted aromatic thiols by reduction as a final step of an unprecedented synthetic route. The second approach, in a novel, extremely efficient, and scalable process, uses the particular selectivity of trichlorotriazine to connect aliphatic amines, alcohols, and thiols to the ring and creates the thiol via nucleophilic substitution of a heteroaromatic halogen by thiourea and subsequent hydrolysis. Most of the modifier compounds were linked to the polymer chains with high degrees of anchorage. The presented approaches are highly versatile as different activations of aromatic and heteroaromatic rings are used. Therefore, many types of tailored functional nucleophiles may be anchored to PVC providing non-migrating materials with a broad range of applications and properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28863 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Pérez Perrino
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28863 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carolina García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28863 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28863 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28863 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28863 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Navarro R, Pérez Perrino M, García C, Elvira C, Gallardo A, Reinecke H. Highly Flexible PVC Materials without Plasticizer Migration As Obtained by Efficient One-Pot Procedure Using Trichlorotriazine Chemistry. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Navarro
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 MADRID, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez Perrino
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 MADRID, Spain
| | - Carolina García
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 MADRID, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 MADRID, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 MADRID, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 MADRID, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Demirci G, Tasdelen MA. Synthesis and characterization of graft copolymers by photoinduced CuAAC click chemistry. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
45
|
Ourique PA, Gril JML, Guillaume GW, Wanke CH, Echeverrigaray SG, Bianchi O. Synthesis and characterization of the polyols by air oxidation of soybean oil and its effect on the morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Ourique
- Materials Science Graduate Program (PGMAT) University of Caxias do Sul (UCS); Caxias do Sul Brazil
| | - Jérôme M. L. Gril
- Ecole Européenne d'Ingénieurs en Génie des Matériaux; Lorraine France
| | | | - Cesar H. Wanke
- Materials Science Graduate Program (PGMAT) University of Caxias do Sul (UCS); Caxias do Sul Brazil
| | | | - Otávio Bianchi
- Materials Science Graduate Program (PGMAT) University of Caxias do Sul (UCS); Caxias do Sul Brazil
| |
Collapse
|