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Szuwarzyński M, Wolski K, Kruk T, Zapotoczny S. Macromolecular strategies for transporting electrons and excitation energy in ordered polymer layers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Winter T, Haider W, Schießer A, Presser V, Gallei M, Schäfer A. Rings and Chains: Synthesis and Characterization of Polyferrocenylmethylene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000738. [PMID: 33554420 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of polyferrocenylmethylene (PFM) starting from dilithium 2,2-bis(cyclopentadienide)propane and a Me2 C[1]magnesocenophane is reported. Molecular weights of up to Mw = 11 700 g mol-1 featuring a dispersity, Ð, of 1.40 can be achieved. The material is studied by different methods comprising nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements elucidating the molecular structure and thermal properties of these novel polymers. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals quasi-reversible oxidation and reduction behavior and communication between the iron centers. Also, the crystal structure of a related cyclic hexamer is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Winter
- Ernst-Berl-Institute of Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Wasim Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Alexander Schießer
- Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Volker Presser
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.,INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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Morris LJ, Whittell GR, Eloi JC, Mahon MF, Marken F, Manners I, Hill MS. Ferrocene-Containing Polycarbosilazanes via the Alkaline-Earth-Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling of Silanes and Amines. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - George R. Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Charles Eloi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Gallei M, Rüttiger C. Recent Trends in Metallopolymer Design: Redox-Controlled Surfaces, Porous Membranes, and Switchable Optical Materials Using Ferrocene-Containing Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:10006-10021. [PMID: 29532972 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Metallopolymers with metal functionalities are a unique class of functional materials. Their redox-mediated optoelectronic and catalytic switching capabilities, their outstanding structure formation and separation capabilities have been reported recently. Within this Minireview, the scope and limitations of intriguing ferrocene-containing systems will be discussed. In the first section recent advances in metallopolymer design will be given leading to a plethora of novel metallopolymer architectures. Discussed synthetic pathways comprise controlled and living polymerization protocols as well as surface immobilization strategies. In the following sections, we focus on recent advances and new applications for side-chain and main-chain ferrocene-containing polymers as (i) remote-switchable materials, (ii) smart surfaces, (iii) redox-responsive membranes, and some recent trends in (iv) photonic structures and (v) other optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Rüttiger
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Choueiri RM, Klinkova A, Pearce S, Manners I, Kumacheva E. Self-Assembly and Surface Patterning of Polyferrocenylsilane-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [PMID: 29144010 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and topographic surface patterning of inorganic polymer-functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) and their self-assembly in nanostructures with controllable architectures enable the design of new NP-based materials. Capping of NPs with inorganic polymer ligands, such as metallopolymers, can lead to new synergetic properties of individual NPs or their assemblies, and enhance NP processing in functional materials. Here, for gold NPs functionalized with polyferrocenylsilane, two distinct triggers are used to induce attraction between the polymer ligands and achieve NP self-assembly or topographic surface patterning of individual polymer-capped NPs. Control of polymer-solvent interactions is achieved by either changing the solvent composition or by the electrooxidation of polyferrocenylsilane ligands. These results expand the range of polymer ligands used for NP assembly and patterning, and can be used to explore new self-assembly modalities. The utilization of electrochemical polymer oxidation stimuli at easily accessible potentials broadens the range of stimuli leading to NP self-assembly and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle M Choueiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Anna Klinkova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Samuel Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of electrochemically responsive cobalt-methacrylates. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wu J, Wang L, Yu H, Zain-ul-Abdin, Khan RU, Haroon M. Ferrocene-based redox-responsive polymer gels: Synthesis, structures and applications. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rüttiger C, Pfeifer V, Rittscher V, Stock D, Scheid D, Vowinkel S, Roth F, Didzoleit H, Stühn B, Elbert J, Ionescu E, Gallei M. One for all: cobalt-containing polymethacrylates for magnetic ceramics, block copolymerization, unexpected electrochemistry, and stimuli-responsiveness. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional cobalt-containing homo and block polymers are probed with respect to their redox-induced switchability and as preceramic materials.
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Herzberger J, Niederer K, Pohlit H, Seiwert J, Worm M, Wurm FR, Frey H. Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides: Synthesis, Novel Polymer Architectures, and Bioconjugation. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2170-243. [PMID: 26713458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO). Classical synthetic pathways, i.e., anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, and cationic polymerization of epoxides (oxiranes), are briefly reviewed. The main focus of the review lies on more recent and in some cases metal-free methods for epoxide polymerization, i.e., the activated monomer strategy, the use of organocatalysts, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as well as phosphazene bases. In addition, the commercially relevant double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst systems are discussed. Besides the synthetic progress, new types of multifunctional linear PEG (mf-PEG) and PPO structures accessible by copolymerization of EO or PO with functional epoxide comonomers are presented as well as complex branched, hyperbranched, and dendrimer like polyethers. Amphiphilic block copolymers based on PEO and PPO (Poloxamers and Pluronics) and advances in the area of PEGylation as the most important bioconjugation strategy are also summarized. With the ever growing toolbox for epoxide polymerization, a "polyether universe" may be envisaged that in its structural diversity parallels the immense variety of structural options available for polymers based on vinyl monomers with a purely carbon-based backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Niederer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Langenbeckstraße 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Ceramic Nanocomposites from Tailor-Made Preceramic Polymers. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:468-540. [PMID: 28347023 PMCID: PMC5312884 DOI: 10.3390/nano5020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present Review addresses current developments related to polymer-derived ceramic nanocomposites (PDC-NCs). Different classes of preceramic polymers are briefly introduced and their conversion into ceramic materials with adjustable phase compositions and microstructures is presented. Emphasis is set on discussing the intimate relationship between the chemistry and structural architecture of the precursor and the structural features and properties of the resulting ceramic nanocomposites. Various structural and functional properties of silicon-containing ceramic nanocomposites as well as different preparative strategies to achieve nano-scaled PDC-NC-based ordered structures are highlighted, based on selected ceramic nanocomposite systems. Furthermore, prospective applications of the PDC-NCs such as high-temperature stable materials for thermal protection systems, membranes for hot gas separation purposes, materials for heterogeneous catalysis, nano-confinement materials for hydrogen storage applications as well as anode materials for secondary ion batteries are introduced and discussed in detail.
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