1
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Bichler KJ, Jakobi B, Klapproth A, Mole RA, Schneider GJ. Position-Dependent Segmental Relaxation in Bottlebrush Polymers. Macromolecules 2024; 57:4729-4736. [PMID: 38827960 PMCID: PMC11140752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Segmental dynamics of specifically labeled poly(propylene oxide), PPO, based bottlebrush polymers, PNB-g-PPO, were studied using quasi-elastic neutron scattering. The focus was set to different parts of the side chains to investigate the hypothetical gradual relaxation behavior within the side chains of a bottlebrush polymer. Different sections of the side chains were highlighted for QENS via sequential polymerization of protonated and deuterated monomers to allow the study of the relaxation behavior of the inner and outer parts of the side chain separately. A comparison of these two parts reveals a slowdown due to the grafting process happening across the different regions. This is seen for the segmental relaxation time as well as on the time-dependent mean-square displacement. Additionally, the non-Gaussian parameter, α, shows a decreasing difference from Gaussian behavior with the distance to the backbone. Altogether, this leads to the conclusion that gradual relaxation behavior exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J. Bichler
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bruno Jakobi
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Alice Klapproth
- Australian
Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights 2234, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A. Mole
- Australian
Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights 2234, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerald J. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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2
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Clarke BR, Witt CL, Ilton M, Crosby AJ, Watkins JJ, Tew GN. Bottlebrush Networks: A Primer for Advanced Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318220. [PMID: 38588310 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush networks (BBNs) are an exciting new class of materials with interesting physical properties derived from their unique architecture. While great strides have been made in our fundamental understanding of bottlebrush polymers and networks, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary for the field to accelerate advancements. This review aims to act as a primer to BBN chemistry and physics for both new and current members of the community. In addition to providing an overview of contemporary BBN synthetic methods, we developed a workflow and desktop application (LengthScale), enabling bottlebrush physics to be more approachable. We conclude by addressing several topical issues and asking a series of pointed questions to stimulate conversation within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Clarke
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Connor L Witt
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Mark Ilton
- Department of Physics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Alfred J Crosby
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - James J Watkins
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
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3
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Adeli Y, Raman Venkatesan T, Mezzenga R, Nüesch FA, Opris DM. Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polymers with Spontaneous Self-Assembly for Dielectric Generators. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:4999-5010. [PMID: 38752017 PMCID: PMC11091855 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Cross-linked bottlebrush polymers received significant attention as dielectrics in transducers due to their unique softness and strain stiffening caused by their structure. Despite some progress, there is still a great challenge in increasing their dielectric permittivity beyond 3.5 and cross-linking them to defect-free ultrathin films efficiently under ambient conditions. Here, we report the synthesis of bottlebrush copolymers based on ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) starting from a 5-norbornene-2-carbonitrile and a norbornene modified with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chain as a macromonomer. The resulting copolymer was subjected to a postpolymerization modification, whereby the double bonds were used both for functionalization with thiopropionitrile and subsequent cross-linking via a thiol-ene reaction. The solutions of both bottlebrush copolymers formed free-standing elastic films by simple casting. DMA and broadband impedance spectroscopy revealed two glass transition temperatures uncommon for a random copolymer. The self-segregation of the nonpolar PDMS chains and the polynorbornane backbone is responsible for this and is supported by the interfacial polarization observed in broadband impedance spectroscopy and the scattering peaks observed in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Additionally, the modified bottlebrush copolymer was cross-linked to an elastomer that exhibits increased dielectric permittivity and good mechanical properties with significant strain stiffening, an attractive property of dielectric elastomer generators. It has a relative permittivity of 5.24, strain at break of 290%, elastic modulus at 10% strain of 380 kPa, a breakdown field of 62 V μm-1, and a small actuation of 5% at high electric fields of 48.5 V μm-1. All of these characteristics are attractive for dielectric elastomer generator applications. The current work is a milestone in designing functional elastomers based on bottlebrush polymers for transducer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeerlan Adeli
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole
Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thulasinath Raman Venkatesan
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich,
Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank A. Nüesch
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole
Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorina M. Opris
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Jakobi B, Bichler KJ, Juranyi F, Schneider GJ. Reversed dynamics of bottlebrush polymers with stiff backbone and flexible side chains. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:084901. [PMID: 38385519 DOI: 10.1063/5.0184429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The segmental dynamics of bottlebrush polymers with a stiff backbone and flexible side chains has been studied. The segmental relaxation time of side chains attached to a flexible backbone follows the same trend as linear polymers, an increase with the increasing molecular weight, but is slowed down compared to their linear counterparts. Theoretical work predicts a reversal of the molecular weight dependence of the relaxation time for stiff backbones. As a model for a stiff-g-flexible system, bottlebrushes with poly(norbornene) backbone and poly(propylene oxide) side chains, PNB-g-PPO, at a uniform grafting density have been synthesized and characterized with quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Indeed, the anticipated reversed dynamics was found. Increasing the side chain length decreases the segmental relaxation time. This indicates the importance of the characteristics of the grafting site beyond a simplified picture of an attached side chain. The mean square displacement shows a similar trend with longer side chains exhibiting a larger displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Jakobi
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Karin J Bichler
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Fanni Juranyi
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Gerald J Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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5
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Huang Y, Zhao C, Zhang B, Li H, Zhao J. Marriage of Organic and Grubbs Catalysts for Tandem Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polyesters. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1711-1717. [PMID: 38039396 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) have gained wide attention for their special characters, such as rigid main/side chains, stemming from the exceedingly high graft density. This study aims to provide a simple synthetic approach to BBPs with polyester side chains by merging ring-opening alternating copolymerization (ROAP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). A simple phosphazene base (tBuP1) is employed for the ROAP of phthalic anhydride and epoxide, after which Grubbs third-generation catalyst (G3) is added to in situ switch on ROMP of the macromonomer, i.e., norbornenyl-ended alternating polyester. The compatibility of tBuP1 with G3 and well-controlled ROMP is evidenced by DOSY-NMR of mixed catalysts, characterization of BBPs, and side-chain degradation. The method can also be extended to BBPs with one-step synthesized block copolyesters side chains. These results highlight the strength of the non-nucleophilic organobase catalyst for convenient construction of complex (degradable) polymers with compositional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenke Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Boru Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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6
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Pelras T, Eisenga A, Érsek G, Altomare A, Portale G, Kamperman M, Loos K. One-Pot Synthesis of Strong Anionic/Charge-Neutral Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1071-1078. [PMID: 37462370 PMCID: PMC10433517 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ever more versatile polymerization techniques that are becoming available, the synthesis of macromolecules with tailored functionalities can remain a lengthy endeavor. This becomes more conspicuous when the implementation of incompatible chemistries (i.e., strong polyelectrolytes) within sequence-controlled polymers is desired, often requiring (i) polymerization, (ii) chain extension, and (iii) postpolymerization modification. Herein, we explore the production of strong anionic/charge-neutral block copolymers (BCPs) in a one-pot fashion. This straightforward three-step process includes the synthesis of a macroinitiator and chain extension via rapid and efficient photomediated atom transfer radical polymerization, followed by in situ deprotection to expose the polyanionic domains. The resulting BCPs, which are strong amphiphiles by nature, are capable of self-assembly in aqueous media, as evidenced by dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, ζ-potential measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. We further demonstrate the versatility of our methodology by producing several BCPs through sampling of a single reaction mixture, enabling the straightforward production of strong polymer amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Pelras
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - András Eisenga
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gábor Érsek
- Physical
Chemistry of Polymeric and Nanostructured Materials, Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Altomare
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Physical
Chemistry of Polymeric and Nanostructured Materials, Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Lee D, Charpota N, Mei H, Terlier T, Pietrzak D, Stein GE, Verduzco R. Impact of Processing Effects on Surface Segregation of Bottlebrush Polymer Additives. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Nilesh Charpota
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Lab, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Danica Pietrzak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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8
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Blosch SE, Scannelli SJ, Alaboalirat M, Matson JB. Complex Polymer Architectures Using Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Synthesis, Applications, and Practical Considerations. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Blosch
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Samantha J. Scannelli
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mohammed Alaboalirat
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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9
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Mahmoudpour M, Jouyban A, Soleymani J, Rahimi M. Rational design of smart nano-platforms based on antifouling-nanomaterials toward multifunctional bioanalysis. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 302:102637. [PMID: 35290930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to design nanoprobe devices with the capability of quantitative/qualitative operation in complex media will probably underpin the main upcoming progress in healthcare research and development. However, the biomolecules abundances in real samples can considerably alter the interface performance, where unwanted adsorption/adhesion can block signal response and significantly decrease the specificity of the assay. Herein, this review firstly offers a brief outline of several significances of fabricating high-sensitivity and low-background interfaces to adjust various targets' behaviors induced via bioactive molecules on the surface. Besides, some important strategies to resist non-specific protein adsorption and cell adhesion, followed by imperative categories of antifouling reagents utilized in the construction of high-performance solid sensory interfaces, are discussed. The next section specifically highlights the various nanocomposite probes based on antifouling-nanomaterials for electrode modification containing carbon nanomaterials, noble metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, polymer, and silicon-based materials in terms of nanoparticles, rods, or porous materials through optical or chemical strategies. We specially outline those nanoprobes that are capable of identification in complex media or those using new constructions/methods. Finally, the necessity and requirements for future advances in this emerging field are also presented, followed by opportunities and challenges.
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10
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Mei H, Mahalik JP, Lee D, Laws TS, Terlier T, Stein GE, Kumar R, Verduzco R. Understanding interfacial segregation in polymer blend films with random and mixed side chain bottlebrush copolymer additives. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9028-9039. [PMID: 34523659 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01146d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers are complex macromolecules with tunable physical properties dependent on the chemistry and architecture of both the side chains and the backbone. Prior work has demonstrated that bottlebrush polymer additives can be used to control the interfacial properties of blends with linear polymers but has not specifically addressed the effects of bottlebrush side chain microstructures. Here, using a combination of experiments and self-consistent field theory (SCFT) simulations, we investigated the effects of side chain microstructures by comparing the segregation of bottlebrush additives having random copolymer side chains with bottlebrush additives having a mixture of two different homopolymer side chain chemistries. Specifically, we synthesized bottlebrush polymers with either poly(styrene-ran-methyl methacrylate) side chains or with a mixture of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) side chains. The bottlebrush additives were matched in terms of PS and PMMA compositions, and they were blended with linear PS or PMMA chains that ranged in length from shorter to longer than the bottlebrush side chains. Experiments revealed similar behaviors of the two types of bottlebrushes, with a slight preference for mixed side-chain bottlebrushes at the film surface. SCFT simulations were qualitatively consistent with experimental observations, predicting only slight differences in the segregation of bottlebrush additives driven by side chain microstructures. Specifically, these slight differences were driven by the chemistries of the bottlebrush polymer joints and side chain end-groups, which were entropically repelled and attracted to interfaces, respectively. Using SCFT, we also demonstrated that the interfacial behaviors were dominated by entropic effects with high molecular weight linear polymers, leading to enrichment of bottlebrush near interfaces. Surprisingly, the SCFT simulations showed that the chemistry of the joints connecting the bottlebrush backbones and side chains played a more significant role compared with the side chain end groups in affecting differences in surface excess of bottlebrushes with random and mixed side chains. This work provides new insights into the effects of side chain microstructure on segregation of bottlebrush polymer additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Mei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Jyoti P Mahalik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Dongjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Travis S Laws
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Lab, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Gila E Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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11
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Chan JM, Kordon AC, Zhang R, Wang M. Direct visualization of bottlebrush polymer conformations in the solid state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2109534118. [PMID: 34599105 PMCID: PMC8501853 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109534118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the behavior of single chains is integral to the foundation of polymer science, a clear and convincing image of single chains in the solid state has still not been captured. For bottlebrush polymers, understanding their conformation in bulk materials is especially important because their extended backbones may explain their self-assembly and mechanical properties that have been attractive for many applications. Here, single-bottlebrush chains are visualized using single-molecule localization microscopy to study their conformations in a polymer melt composed of linear polymers. By observing bottlebrush polymers with different side chain lengths and grafting densities, we observe the relationship between molecular architecture and conformation. We show that bottlebrushes are significantly more rigid in the solid state than previously measured in solution, and the scaling relationships between persistence length and side chain length deviate from those predicted by theory and simulation. We discuss these discrepancies using mechanisms inspired by polymer-grafted nanoparticles, a conceptually similar system. Our work provides a platform for visualizing single-polymer chains in an environment made up entirely of other polymers, which could answer a number of open questions in polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Avram C Kordon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Ruimeng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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12
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Cushman K, Keith A, Tanaka J, Sheiko SS, You W. Investigating the Stress–Strain Behavior in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Based Brush Elastomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Cushman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew Keith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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13
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Reactive Core-Shell Bottlebrush Copolymer as Highly Effective Additive for Epoxy Toughening. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Zhao T, Zhu K, Yu X, Yuan X, Ren L. From Polymerization Inhibition to Controlled
Ring‐Opening
Metathesis Polymerization of Macromonomers with Tertiary Amine Groups: The Effect of Spacer Chain
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Kongying Zhu
- Analysis and Measurement Center, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Klapper
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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16
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Treichel M, Tyler Womble C, Selhorst R, Gaitor J, Pathiranage TMSK, Kowalewski T, Noonan KJT. Exploring the Effects of Bulky Cations Tethered to Semicrystalline Polymers: The Case of Tetraaminophosphoniums with Ring-Opened Polynorbornenes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Treichel
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - C. Tyler Womble
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Ryan Selhorst
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Jamie Gaitor
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Taniya M. S. K. Pathiranage
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
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17
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Chen K, Hu X, Zhu N, Guo K. Design, Synthesis, and Self-Assembly of Janus Bottlebrush Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000357. [PMID: 32844547 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Janus bottlebrush polymers are a class of special molecular brushes, which have two immiscible side chains on the repeating unit of the backbone. The characteristic architectures of Janus bottlebrush polymers enable unique self-assembly properties and broad applications. Recently, remarkable advances of Janus bottlebrush polymers have been achieved for polymer chemistry and material science. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies of Janus bottlebrush polymers, and highlights the self-assembly applications. Finally, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for the further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
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18
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Miyagi K, Mei H, Terlier T, Stein GE, Verduzco R. Analysis of Surface Segregation of Bottlebrush Polymer Additives in Thin Film Blends with Attractive Intermolecular Interactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Miyagi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Lab, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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19
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Hukum KO, Yildirim E, Evci M, Caykara T. Grafting density of oligo-bottle-brushes on silicon surface: effect of mole fraction of RAFT agent-functionalized alkenes in mixed self-assembled monolayers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1724802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Ozkan Hukum
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ertan Yildirim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Evci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Tuncer Caykara
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Senkum H, Gramlich WM. Cationic Bottlebrush Polymers from Quaternary Ammonium Macromonomers by Grafting‐Through Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William M. Gramlich
- Department of Chemistry University of Maine 5706 Orono ME 04469 USA
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA
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21
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Mei H, Laws TS, Mahalik JP, Li J, Mah AH, Terlier T, Bonnesen P, Uhrig D, Kumar R, Stein GE, Verduzco R. Entropy and Enthalpy Mediated Segregation of Bottlebrush Copolymers to Interfaces. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jyoti P. Mahalik
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | | | - Adeline H. Mah
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | | | - Peter Bonnesen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - David Uhrig
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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22
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Choinopoulos I. Grubbs' and Schrock's Catalysts, Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization and Molecular Brushes-Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E298. [PMID: 30960282 PMCID: PMC6419171 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, molecular brushes and other macromolecular architectures bearing a bottlebrush segment where the main chain is synthesized by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) mediated by Mo or Ru metal complexes are considered. A brief review of metathesis and ROMP is presented in order to understand the problems and the solutions provided through the years. The synthetic strategies towards bottlebrush copolymers are demonstrated and each one discussed separately. The initiators/catalysts for the synthesis of the backbone with ROMP are discussed. Syntheses of molecular brushes are presented. The most interesting properties of the bottlebrushes are detailed. Finally, the applications studied by different groups are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Choinopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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23
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24
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Subnaik SI, Hobbs CE. Flow-facilitated ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and post-polymerization modification reactions. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00822e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow facilitates ROMP reactions to prepare homopolymers and block copolymers and allows for in-line post-polymerization click modifications.
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25
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Alaboalirat M, Qi L, Arrington KJ, Qian S, Keum JK, Mei H, Littrell KC, Sumpter BG, Carrillo JMY, Verduzco R, Matson JB. Amphiphilic Bottlebrush Block Copolymers: Analysis of Aqueous Self-Assembly by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Surface Tension Measurements. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alaboalirat
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Luqing Qi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kyle J. Arrington
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | | | - Hao Mei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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26
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Teo YC, Xia Y. Facile Synthesis of Macromonomers via ATRP–Nitroxide Radical Coupling and Well-Controlled Brush Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yew Chin Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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27
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Ren N, Zhu X. Hybrid Polymerization of Ring-Opening Metathesis and Cross-Metathesis for Polyolefins with Tunable Architectures. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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28
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2016. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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29
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Sarapas JM, Chan EP, Rettner EM, Beers KL. Compressing and Swelling To Study the Structure of Extremely Soft Bottlebrush Networks Prepared by ROMP. Macromolecules 2018; 51:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00018. [PMID: 38606324 PMCID: PMC11008524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To fully explore bottlebrush polymer networks as potential model materials, a robust and versatile synthetic platform is required. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization is a highly controlled, rapid, and functional group tolerant polymerization technique that has been used extensively for bottlebrush polymer generation but to this point has not been used to synthesize bottlebrush polymer networks. We polymerized a mononorbornene macromonomer and dinorbornene cross-linker (both poly(n-butyl acrylate)) with Grubbs' third-generation catalyst to achieve bottlebrush networks and in turn demonstrated control over network properties as the ratio of macromonomer and cross-linker was varied. Macromonomer to cross-linker ratios ([ MM ] / [ XL ] ) of 10 to 100 were investigated, of which all derivative networks yielded gel fractions over 90%. Because of its amenability toward small samples, contact adhesion testing was used to quantify dry-state shear modulus G , which ranged from 1 to 10 kPa, reinforcing that bottlebrush polymer networks can achieve low moduli in the dry state compared to other polymer network materials through the mitigation of entanglements. A scaling relationship was found such that G ∼ ( [ MM ] / [ XL ] ) - 0.81 , indicating that macromonomer to cross-linker ratio is a good estimator of cross-linking density. The swelling ratio in toluene, Q , was compared to dry-state modulus to test the universal scaling relationship for linear networks G ∼ Q - 1.75 , and a measured exponent of -1.71 indicated good agreement. The synthetic platform outlined here represents a highly flexible route to a myriad of different bottlebrush networks and will increase the accessibility of materials critical to applications ranging from fundamental to biomedical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Sarapas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Edwin P. Chan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Emma M. Rettner
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Beers
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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30
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31
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Walsh DJ, Lau SH, Hyatt MG, Guironnet D. Kinetic Study of Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization with Third-Generation Grubbs Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13644-13647. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Walsh
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sii Hong Lau
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael G. Hyatt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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32
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Yang B, Abel BA, McCormick CL, Storey RF. Synthesis of Polyisobutylene Bottlebrush Polymers via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- School of Polymer Science
and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College
Dr. # 5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Brooks A. Abel
- School of Polymer Science
and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College
Dr. # 5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Charles L. McCormick
- School of Polymer Science
and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College
Dr. # 5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Robson F. Storey
- School of Polymer Science
and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College
Dr. # 5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
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33
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Foster JC, Radzinski SC, Matson JB. Graft polymer synthesis by RAFT transfer‐to. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia TechBlacksburg Virginia24061
| | - Scott C. Radzinski
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia TechBlacksburg Virginia24061
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia TechBlacksburg Virginia24061
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34
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Xiang Y, Burrill DJ, Bullard KK, Albrecht BJ, Tragesser LE, McCaffrey J, Lambrecht DS, Pentzer E. Polymerization of silyl ketenes using alkoxide initiators: a combined computational and experimental study. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The atomic composition and chemical structure of polymers is fundamental to dictating properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Xiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | - John McCaffrey
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Daniel S. Lambrecht
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute
| | - Emily Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
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35
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Radzinski SC, Foster JC, Chapleski RC, Troya D, Matson JB. Bottlebrush Polymer Synthesis by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: The Significance of the Anchor Group. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6998-7004. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Radzinski
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules
Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Foster
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules
Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Robert C. Chapleski
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules
Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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