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Wang Y, Yang S, Cai H, Hu H, Hu K, Sun Z, Liu R, Wei Y, Han L. A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4118. [PMID: 38374394 PMCID: PMC10876640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gelatin was widely used as scaffold materials in 3D bio-printing due to its excellent bioactivity and availability and especially that their arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequences could efficiently promote cell adhesion and proliferation. In this study, an electroactive and 3D bio-printable hydrogel was prepared through a two-step chemical cross-linking process. Specifically, residual free amino groups of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) were cross-linked with the aldehyde groups of dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol (DF-PEG) via Schiff base bonds, forming a gel at 37 °C. During the subsequent 3D bio-printing process, GelMA underwent UV curing, forming a secondary cross-linked network to the mechanical strength and stability of the printed structure. The uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the GelMA/DF-PEG composite hydrogel significantly increased its conductivity. The optimized GelMA/DF-PEG composite hydrogel, i.e., 30% GelMA and 25% DF-PEG (G30D25-CNTs), exhibited superior bio-printability. When the content of CNTs was above 4%, the conductivity of G30D25-CNTs hydrogel exceeded 10-2 S/m, which satisfied the needs of cells for micro-current stimulation. Furthermore, the pore microstructures, swelling behavior, degradation ability and cell toxicity of G30D25-CNTs electroactive hydrogels were thoroughly evaluated. Thus, the G30D25-CNTs hydrogel with 4% MWCNTs could be considered for further application in electrical stimulation of tissue regeneration such as muscle and cardiac nerve tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Songsong Yang
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Heqing Cai
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Kun Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Ruping Liu
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Lu Han
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China.
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2
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Faber L, Yau A, Chen Y. Translational biomaterials of four-dimensional bioprinting for tissue regeneration. Biofabrication 2023; 16:012001. [PMID: 37757814 PMCID: PMC10561158 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acfdd0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that combines living cells, biomaterials, and biological molecules to develop biologically functional constructs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is commonly used as anin vitromodeling system and is a more accurate representation ofin vivoconditions in comparison to two-dimensional cell culture. Although 3D bioprinting has been utilized in various tissue engineering and clinical applications, it only takes into consideration the initial state of the printed scaffold or object. Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged in recent years to incorporate the additional dimension of time within the printed 3D scaffolds. During the 4D bioprinting process, an external stimulus is exposed to the printed construct, which ultimately changes its shape or functionality. By studying how the structures and the embedded cells respond to various stimuli, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the functionality of native tissues. This review paper will focus on the biomaterial breakthroughs in the newly advancing field of 4D bioprinting and their applications in tissue engineering and regeneration. In addition, the use of smart biomaterials and 4D printing mechanisms for tissue engineering applications is discussed to demonstrate potential insights for novel 4D bioprinting applications. To address the current challenges with this technology, we will conclude with future perspectives involving the incorporation of biological scaffolds and self-assembling nanomaterials in bioprinted tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Faber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Anne Yau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
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3
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Abstract
The advancement of four-dimensional (4D) printing has been fueled by the rise in demand for additive manufacturing and the expansion in shape-memory materials. The printing of smart substances that respond to external stimuli is known as 4D printing. 4D printing allows highly controlled shapes to simulate the physiological milieu by adding time dimensions. The 4D printing is suitable with current progress in smart compounds, printers, and its mechanism of action. The 4D printing paradigm, a revolutionary enhancement of 3D printing, was anticipated by various engineering disciplines. Tissue engineering, medicinal, consumer items, aerospace, and organ engineering use 4D printing technology. The current review mainly focuses on the basics of 4D printing and the methods used therein. It also discusses the time-dependent behavior of stimulus-sensitive compounds, which are widely used in 4D printing. In addition, this review highlights material aspects, specifically related to shape-memory polymers, stimuli-responsive materials (classified as physical, chemical, and biological), and modified materials, the backbone of 4D printing technology. Finally, potential applications of 4D printing in the biomedical sector are also discussed with challenges and future perspectives.
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4
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Ghosh S, Chaudhuri S, Roy P, Lahiri D. 4D Printing in Biomedical Engineering: a State-of-the-Art Review of Technologies, Biomaterials, and Application. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Imani KBC, Jo A, Choi GM, Kim B, Chung JW, Lee HS, Yoon J. High-Resolution 3D Printing of Mechanically Tough Hydrogels Prepared by Thermo-Responsive Poloxamer Ink Platform. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100579. [PMID: 34708464 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution 3D-printable hydrogels with high mechanical strength and biocompatibility are in great demand because of their potential applications in numerous fields. In this study, a material system comprising Pluronic F-127 dimethacrylate (FDMA) is developed to function as a direct ink writing (DIW) hydrogel for 3D printing. FDMA is a triblock copolymer that transforms into micelles at elevated temperatures. The transformation increases the viscosity of FDMA and preserves its structure during DIW 3D printing, whereupon the printed structure is solidified through photopolymerization. Because of this viscosity shift, various functionalities can be incorporated through the addition of other materials in the solution state. Acrylic acid is incorporated into the pregel solution to enhance the mechanical strength, because the carboxylate group of poly(acrylic acid) ionically crosslinks with Fe3+ , increasing the toughness of the DIW hydrogel 37 times to 2.46 MJ m-3 . Tough conductive hydrogels are also 3D printed by homogenizing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate into the pregel solution. Furthermore, the FDMA platform developed herein uses DIW, which facilitates multicartridges 3D printing, and because all the materials included are biocompatible, the platform may be used to fabricate complex structures for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Betha Cahaya Imani
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Min Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Beogyeong Kim
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woong Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Sang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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6
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Ahmad Ruzaidi DA, Mahat MM, Shafiee SA, Mohamed Sofian Z, Mohmad Sabere AS, Ramli R, Osman H, Hamzah HH, Zainal Ariffin Z, Sadasivuni KK. Advocating Electrically Conductive Scaffolds with Low Immunogenicity for Biomedical Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3395. [PMID: 34641210 PMCID: PMC8513068 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds support and promote the formation of new functional tissues through cellular interactions with living cells. Various types of scaffolds have found their way into biomedical science, particularly in tissue engineering. Scaffolds with a superior tissue regenerative capacity must be biocompatible and biodegradable, and must possess excellent functionality and bioactivity. The different polymers that are used in fabricating scaffolds can influence these parameters. Polysaccharide-based polymers, such as collagen and chitosan, exhibit exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability, while the degradability of synthetic polymers can be improved using chemical modifications. However, these modifications require multiple steps of chemical reactions to be carried out, which could potentially compromise the end product's biosafety. At present, conducting polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), polyaniline, and polypyrrole, are often incorporated into matrix scaffolds to produce electrically conductive scaffold composites. However, this will reduce the biodegradability rate of scaffolds and, therefore, agitate their biocompatibility. This article discusses the current trends in fabricating electrically conductive scaffolds, and provides some insight regarding how their immunogenicity performance can be interlinked with their physical and biodegradability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Adila Ahmad Ruzaidi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (D.A.A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Mohd Muzamir Mahat
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (D.A.A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Saiful Arifin Shafiee
- Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Zarif Mohamed Sofian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Rosmamuhamadani Ramli
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (D.A.A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Hazwanee Osman
- Centre of Foundation Studies UiTM, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil, Dengkil 43800, Malaysia;
| | - Hairul Hisham Hamzah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Zaidah Zainal Ariffin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (D.A.A.R.); (R.R.)
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7
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Wang YL, Han L, Zhang XL, Cao L, Hu K, Li LH, Wei Y. 3D bioprinting of an electroactive and self-healing polysaccharide hydrogels. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 16:76-85. [PMID: 34414667 DOI: 10.1002/term.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide hydrogels including alginate, agarose, hyaluronic acid and chitosan have been widely used as scaffolds in 3D bio-printing field. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) exhibits excellent properties of water solubility, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Herein composite hydrogels were prepared via schiff-base reaction between the aldehyde group of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) and the amino group of branched polyethyleneimine (PEI). The OKGM/PEI composite hydrogel displayed self-healing ability and pH sensitivity and showed shear thinning capability, which is suitable for 3D bio-printing technology. Furthermore, the OKGM/PEI electroactive composite hydrogel was obtained by adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Then the rheological behavior and morphology of OKGM/PEI electroactive hydrogels were thoroughly characterized. The conductivities of OKGM/PEI electroactive composite hydrogels increased with increasing the content of carbon nanotubes. The rheological behavior and 3D bio-printability of OKGM/PEI electroactive hydrogels were also tested. It was found that carbon nanotubes can also improve the bio-printability of OKGM/PEI electroactive hydrogels. Thus, the OKGM/PEI electroactive hydrogels could be employed as scaffolds for muscle and cardiac nerve tissue regeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Wang
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Xin-Lin Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Long Cao
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Kun Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Lu-Hai Li
- The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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8
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Saska S, Pilatti L, Blay A, Shibli JA. Bioresorbable Polymers: Advanced Materials and 4D Printing for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:563. [PMID: 33668617 PMCID: PMC7918883 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a valuable tool in the production of complexes structures with specific shapes for tissue engineering. Differently from native tissues, the printed structures are static and do not transform their shape in response to different environment changes. Stimuli-responsive biocompatible materials have emerged in the biomedical field due to the ability of responding to other stimuli (physical, chemical, and/or biological), resulting in microstructures modifications. Four-dimensional (4D) printing arises as a new technology that implements dynamic improvements in printed structures using smart materials (stimuli-responsive materials) and/or cells. These dynamic scaffolds enable engineered tissues to undergo morphological changes in a pre-planned way. Stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels are the most promising material for 4D bio-fabrication because they produce a biocompatible and bioresorbable 3D shape environment similar to the extracellular matrix and allow deposition of cells on the scaffold surface as well as in the inside. Subsequently, this review presents different bioresorbable advanced polymers and discusses its use in 4D printing for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybele Saska
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Livia Pilatti
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Blay
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, Sao Paulo 07023-070, Brazil
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9
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Liu P, Wang Q, Wang D, Kang X, Niu J. Tetraaniline microcrystals: Promising electrode for long-life supercapacitors. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Zarrintaj P, Ramsey JD, Samadi A, Atoufi Z, Yazdi MK, Ganjali MR, Amirabad LM, Zangene E, Farokhi M, Formela K, Saeb MR, Mozafari M, Thomas S. Poloxamer: A versatile tri-block copolymer for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2020; 110:37-67. [PMID: 32417265 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poloxamers, also called Pluronic, belong to a unique class of synthetic tri-block copolymers containing central hydrophobic chains of poly(propylene oxide) sandwiched between two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide). Some chemical characteristics of poloxamers such as temperature-dependent self-assembly and thermo-reversible behavior along with biocompatibility and physiochemical properties make poloxamer-based biomaterials promising candidates for biomedical application such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. The microstructure, bioactivity, and mechanical properties of poloxamers can be tailored to mimic the behavior of various types of tissues. Moreover, their amphiphilic nature and the potential to self-assemble into the micelles make them promising drug carriers with the ability to improve the drug availability to make cancer cells more vulnerable to drugs. Poloxamers are also used for the modification of hydrophobic tissue-engineered constructs. This article collects the recent advances in design and application of poloxamer-based biomaterials in tissue engineering, drug/gene delivery, theranostic devices, and bioinks for 3D printing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Poloxamers, also called Pluronic, belong to a unique class of synthetic tri-block copolymers containing central hydrophobic chains of poly(propylene oxide) sandwiched between two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide). The microstructure, bioactivity, and mechanical properties of poloxamers can be tailored to mimic the behavior of various types of tissues. Moreover, their amphiphilic nature and the potential to self-assemble into the micelles make them promising drug carriers with the ability to improve the drug availability to make cancer cells more vulnerable to drugs. However, no reports have systematically reviewed the critical role of poloxamer for biomedical applications. Research on poloxamers is growing today opening new scenarios that expand the potential of these biomaterials from "traditional" treatments to a new era of tissue engineering. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review article in which such issue is systematically reviewed and critically discussed in the light of the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Zarrintaj
- Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Joshua D Ramsey
- Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Ali Samadi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Atoufi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Zangene
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Krzysztof Formela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, M G University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
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11
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Jiang L, Wang Y, Liu Z, Ma C, Yan H, Xu N, Gang F, Wang X, Zhao L, Sun X. Three-Dimensional Printing and Injectable Conductive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Application. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:398-411. [PMID: 31115274 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The goal of tissue engineering scaffolds is to simulate the physiological microenvironment, in which the electrical microenvironment is an important part. Hydrogel is an ideal material for tissue engineering scaffolds because of its soft, porous, water-bearing, and other extracellular matrix-like properties. However, the hydrogel matrix is usually not conductive and can hinder the communication of electrical signals between cells, which promotes researchers' attention to conductive hydrogels. Conductive hydrogels can promote the communication of electrical signals between cells and simulate the physiological microenvironment of electroactive tissues. Hydrogel formation is an important step for the application of hydrogels in tissue engineering. In situ forming of injectable hydrogels and customized forming of three-dimensional (3D) printing hydrogels represent two most potential advanced forming processes, respectively. In this review, we discuss (i) the classification, properties, and advantages of conductive hydrogels, (ii) the latest development of conductive hydrogels applied in myocardial, nerve, and bone tissue engineering, (iii) advanced forming processes, including injectable conductive hydrogels in situ and customized 3D printed conductive hydrogels, (iv) the challenges and opportunities of conductive hydrogels for tissue engineering. Impact Statement Biomimetic construction of electro-microenvironment is a challenge of tissue engineering. The development of conductive hydrogels provides possibility for the construction of biomimetic electro-microenvironment. However, the importance of conductive hydrogels in tissue engineering has not received enough attention so far. Herein, various conductive hydrogels and their tissue engineering applications are systematically reviewed. Two potential methods of conductive hydrogel forming, in situ forming of injectable conductive hydrogels and customized forming of three-dimensional printing conductive hydrogels, are introduced. The current challenges and future development directions of conductive hydrogels are comprehensively overviewed. This review provides a guideline for tissue engineering applications of conductive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangli Gang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Lui YS, Sow WT, Tan LP, Wu Y, Lai Y, Li H. 4D printing and stimuli-responsive materials in biomedical aspects. Acta Biomater 2019; 92:19-36. [PMID: 31071476 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized the world manufacturing production. In biomedical applications, however, 3D printed constructs fell short of expectations mainly due to their inability to adequately mimic the dynamic human tissues. To date, most of the 3D printed biomedical structures are largely static and inanimate as they lack the time-dependant dimension. To adequately address the dynamic healing and regeneration process of human tissues, 4D printing emerges as an important development where "time" is incorporated into the conventional concept of 3D printing as the fourth dimension. As such, additive manufacturing (AM) evolves from 3D to 4D printing and in the process putting stimulus-responsive materials in the limelight. In this review, the state-of-the-art efforts in integrating the time-dependent behaviour of stimulus-responsive materials in 4D printing will be discussed. In addition, current literatures on the interactions between various types of stimuli (categorized under physical, chemical and biological signals) with the associated stimulus-responsive materials will be the major focus in this review. Lastly, potential usage of 4D printing in biomedical applications will also be discussed, followed by technical considerations as well as outlook for future discoveries. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this Review, we have demonstrated the significance of 4D printing in biomedical applications, in which "time" has been incorporated into the conventional concept of 3D printing as the 4th dimension. As such, 4D printing differentiates and evolves from 3D printing using stimulus-responsive materials which can actively respond to external stimuli and more sophisticated "hardware"-printer which can achieve multi-printing via mathematical-predicted designs that are programmed to consider the transformation of 3D constructs over time. The emphasize will be on the interactions between various types of stimuli (categorized under physical, chemical and biological signals) with the associated stimulus-responsive materials, followed by technical considerations as well as outlook for future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Siang Lui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Sow
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yunlong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361002, PR China
| | - Yuekun Lai
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325011, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325011, PR China.
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Alegret N, Dominguez-Alfaro A, Mecerreyes D. 3D Scaffolds Based on Conductive Polymers for Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:73-89. [PMID: 30543402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
3D scaffolds appear to be a cost-effective ultimate answer for biomedical applications, facilitating rapid results while providing an environment similar to in vivo tissue. These biomaterials offer large surface areas for cell or biomaterial attachment, proliferation, biosensing and drug delivery applications. Among 3D scaffolds, the ones based on conjugated polymers (CPs) and natural nonconductive polymers arranged in a 3D architecture provide tridimensionality to cellular culture along with a high surface area for cell adherence and proliferation as well electrical conductivity for stimulation or sensing. However, the scaffolds must also obey other characteristics: homogeneous porosity, with pore sizes large enough to allow cell penetration and nutrient flow; elasticity and wettability similar to the tissue of implantation; and a suitable composition to enhance cell-matrix interactions. In this Review, we summarize the fabrication methods, characterization techniques and main applications of conductive 3D scaffolds based on conductive polymers. The main barrier in the development of these platforms has been the fabrication and subsequent maintenance of the third dimension due to challenges in the manipulation of conductive polymers. In the last decades, different approaches to overcome these barriers have been developed for the production of conductive 3D scaffolds, demonstrating a huge potential for biomedical purposes. Finally, we present an overview of the emerging strategies developed to manufacture 3D conductive scaffolds, the techniques used to fully characterize them, and the biomedical fields where they have been applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Alegret
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain.,Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology , University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus , 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Building P15 , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain.,Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 2014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain.,Ikerasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
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Alegret N, Dominguez-Alfaro A, González-Domínguez JM, Arnaiz B, Cossío U, Bosi S, Vázquez E, Ramos-Cabrer P, Mecerreyes D, Prato M. Three-Dimensional Conductive Scaffolds as Neural Prostheses Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polypyrrole. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43904-43914. [PMID: 30475577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional scaffolds for cellular organization need to enjoy a series of specific properties. On the one hand, the morphology, shape and porosity are critical parameters and eventually related with the mechanical properties. On the other hand, electrical conductivity is an important asset when dealing with electroactive cells, so it is a desirable property even if the conductivity values are not particularly high. Here, we construct three-dimensional (3D) porous and conductive composites, where C8-D1A astrocytic cells were incubated to study their biocompatibility. The manufactured scaffolds are composed exclusively of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a most promising material to interface with neuronal tissue, and polypyrrole (PPy), a conjugated polymer demonstrated to reduce gliosis, improve adaptability, and increase charge-transfer efficiency in brain-machine interfaces. We developed a new and easy strategy, based on the vapor phase polymerization (VPP) technique, where the monomer vapor is polymerized inside a sucrose sacrificial template containing CNT and an oxidizing agent. After removing the sucrose template, a 3D porous scaffold was obtained and its physical, chemical, and electrical properties were evaluated. The obtained scaffold showed very low density, high and homogeneous porosity, electrical conductivity, and Young's Modulus similar to the in vivo tissue. Its high biocompatibility was demonstrated even after 6 days of incubation, thus paving the way for the development of new conductive 3D scaffolds potentially useful in the field of electroactive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Alegret
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- POLYMAT , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Jose M González-Domínguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Blanca Arnaiz
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Unai Cossío
- Radioimaging and Image Analysis Platform , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , INSTM. University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Radioimaging and Image Analysis Platform , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerasque , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerasque , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , INSTM. University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
- Ikerasque , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
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Han H, Cho S. Fabrication of Conducting Polyacrylate Resin Solution with Polyaniline Nanofiber and Graphene for Conductive 3D Printing Application. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1003. [PMID: 30960928 PMCID: PMC6403923 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing based on the digital light processing (DLP) method offers solution processability, fast printing time, and high-quality printing through selective light curing of photopolymers. This research relates to a method of dispersing polyaniline nanofibers (PANI NFs) and graphene sheets in a polyacrylate resin solution for optimizing the conductive solution suitable for DLP-type 3D printing. Dispersion and morphology of the samples with different filler contents were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and optical microscope (OM) analyses. The polyacrylate composite solution employing the PANI NFs and graphene was printed well with various shapes and sizes through the 3D printing of DLP technology. In addition, the electrical properties of the printed sculptures have been investigated using a 4-point probe measurement system. The printed sculpture containing the PANI NFs and graphene sheets exhibited electrical conductivity (4.00 × 10-9 S/cm) up to 10⁷ times higher than the pure polyacrylate (1.1 × 10-16 S/cm). This work suggests potential application of the PANI NF/graphene cofiller system for DLP-type 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoseong Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Sunghun Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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Nadgorny M, Ameli A. Functional Polymers and Nanocomposites for 3D Printing of Smart Structures and Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17489-17507. [PMID: 29742896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has attracted a considerable amount of attention during the past years, being globally recognized as one of the most promising and revolutionary manufacturing technologies. Although the field is rapidly evolving with significant technological advancements, materials research remains a spotlight of interest, essential for the future developments of 3DP. Smart polymers and nanocomposites, which respond to external stimuli by changing their properties and structure, represent an important group of materials that hold a great promise for the fabrication of sensors, actuators, robots, electronics, and medical devices. The interest in exploring functional materials and their 3DP is constantly growing in an attempt to meet the ever-increasing manufacturing demand of complex functional platforms in an efficient manner. In this review, we aim to outline the recent advances in the science and engineering of functional polymers and nanocomposites for 3DP technologies. The report covers temperature-responsive polymers, polymers and nanocomposites with electromagnetic, piezoresistive and piezoelectric behaviors, self-healing polymers, light- and pH-responsive materials, and mechanochromic polymers. The main objective is to link the performance and functionalities to the fundamental properties, chemistry, and physics of the materials, and to the process-driven characteristics, in an attempt to provide a multidisciplinary image and a deeper understanding of the topic. The challenges and opportunities for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Nadgorny
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Melbourne , Parkville 3010 , Victoria , Australia
| | - Amir Ameli
- Advanced Composites Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , Washington State University Tri-Cities , 2710 Crimson Way , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
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