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Choudhury S, Joshi A, Baghel VS, Ananthasuresh GK, Asthana S, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Chatterjee K. Design-encoded dual shape-morphing and shape-memory in 4D printed polymer parts toward cellularized vascular grafts. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5678-5689. [PMID: 38747702 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Current additive manufacturing technologies wherein as-printed simple two-dimensional (2D) structures morph into complex tissue mimetic three-dimensional (3D) shapes are limited to multi-material hydrogel systems, which necessitates multiple fabrication steps and specific materials. This work utilizes a single shape memory thermoplastic polymer (SMP), PLMC (polylactide-co-trimethylene carbonate), to achieve programmable shape deformation through anisotropic design and infill angles encoded during 3D printing. The shape changes were first computationally predicted through finite element analysis (FEA) simulations and then experimentally validated through quantitative correlation. Rectangular 2D sheets could self-roll into complete hollow tubes of specific diameters (ranging from ≈6 mm to ≈10 mm) and lengths (as long as 40 mm), as quantitatively predicted from FEA simulations within one minute at relatively lower temperatures (≈80 °C). Furthermore, shape memory properties were demonstrated post-shape change to exhibit dual shape morphing at temperatures close to physiological levels. The tubes (retained as the permanent shape) were deformed into flat sheets (temporary shape), seeded with endothelial cells (at T < Tg), and thereafter triggered at ≈37 °C back into tubes (permanent shape), utilizing the shape memory properties to yield bioresorbable tubes with cellularized lumens for potential use as vascular grafts with improved long-term patency. Additionally, out-of-plane bending and twisting deformation were demonstrated in complex structures by careful control of infill angles that can unprecedently expand the scope of cellularized biomimetic 3D shapes. This work demonstrates the potential of the combination of shape morphing and SMP behaviors at physiological temperatures to yield next-generation smart implants with precise control over dimensions for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswat Choudhury
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Akshat Joshi
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Vageesh Singh Baghel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - G K Ananthasuresh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sonal Asthana
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Multi-Organ Transplantation Surgery, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Surgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India
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2
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Salimi S, Graham AM, Wu Y, Song P, Hart LR, Irvine DJ, Wildman RD, Siviour CR, Hayes W. An effective route to the additive manufacturing of a mechanically gradient supramolecular polymer nanocomposite structure. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106358. [PMID: 38169206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
3D Printing techniques are additive methods of fabricating parts directly from computer-aided designs. Whilst the clearest benefit is the realisation of geometrical freedom, multi-material printing allows the introduction of compositional variation and highly tailored product functionality. The paper reports a proof-of-concept additive manufacturing study to deposit a supramolecular polymer and a complementary organic filler to form composites with gradient composition to enable spatial distribution of mechanical properties and functionality by tuning the number of supramolecular interactions. We use a dual-feed extrusion 3D printing process, with feed stocks based on the supramolecular polymer and its organic composite, delivered at ratios predetermined. This allows for production of a graded specimen with varying filler concentration that dictates the mechanical properties. The printed specimen was inspected under dynamic load in a tensile test using digital image correlation to produce full-field deformation maps, which showed clear differences in deformation in regions with varying compositions, corresponding to the designed-in variations. This approach affords a novel method for printing material with graded mechanical properties which are not currently commercially available or easily accessible, however, the method can potentially be directly translated to the generation of biomaterial-based composites featuring gradients of mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Aaron M Graham
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Yuyang Wu
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peihao Song
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Lewis R Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Clive R Siviour
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
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3
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Shahbazi M, Jäger H, Mohammadi A, Asghartabar Kashi P, Chen J, Ettelaie R. 3D Printing of Bioactive Gel-like Double Emulsion into a Biocompatible Hierarchical Macroporous Self-Lubricating Scaffold for 3D Cell Culture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:49874-49891. [PMID: 37824503 PMCID: PMC10614201 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The interconnected hierarchically porous structures are of key importance for potential applications as substrates for drug delivery, cell culture, and bioscaffolds, ensuring cell adhesion and sufficient diffusion of metabolites and nutrients. Here, encapsulation of a vitamin C-loaded gel-like double emulsion using a hydrophobic emulsifier and soy particles was performed to develop a bioactive bioink for 3D printing of highly porous scaffolds with enhanced cell biocompatibility. The produced double emulsions suggested a mechanical strength with the range of elastic moduli of soft tissues possessing a thixotropic feature and recoverable matrix. The outstanding flow behavior and viscoelasticity broaden the potential of gel-like double emulsion to engineer 3D scaffolds, in which 3D constructs showed a high level of porosity and excellent shape fidelity with antiwearing and self-lubricating properties. Investigation of cell viability and proliferation using fibroblasts (NIH-3T3) within vitamin C-loaded gel-like bioinks revealed that printed 3D scaffolds offered brilliant biocompatibility and cell adhesion. Compared to scaffolds without encapsulated vitamin C, 3D scaffolds containing vitamin C showed higher cell viability after 1 week of cell proliferation. This work represented a systematic investigation of hierarchical self-assembly in double emulsions and offered insights into mechanisms that control microstructure within supramolecular structures, which could be instructive for the design of advanced functional tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiyar Shahbazi
- Institute
of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute
of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adeleh Mohammadi
- Faculty
of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University
of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4913815739, Iran
| | - Peyman Asghartabar Kashi
- Faculty
of Biosystem, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Tehran University, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Food
Oral Processing Laboratory, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rammile Ettelaie
- Food
Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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4
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Shen N, Bu J, Prévôt ME, Hegmann T, Kennedy JP, Xu W. Macromolecular Engineering and Additive Manufacturing of Polyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers. II. The Poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene)/Poly(phenylene oxide) System. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200109. [PMID: 35355350 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This series of publications describes research rendering soft polyisobutylene (PIB)-based thermoplastic elastomers 3D printable by blending with rigid chemically compatible thermoplastics. The molecular structure, morphology, physical properties, and 3D printability of such blends have been systematically investigated. The authors' first report was concerned with the rendering of soft poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) (SIBS) 3D printable by blending with rigid polystyrene (PS). Here they report the macromolecular engineering of SIBS/polyphenylene oxide (PPO) blends for 3D printing. PPO, a rigid high-performance thermoplastic, is compatible with the hard PS block in SIBS; however, neither PPO nor SIBS can be directly 3D printed. The microphase-separated structures and physical properties of SIBS/PPO blends are systematically tuned by controlling blending ratios and molecular weights. Suitable composition ranges and desirable properties of SIBS/PPO blends for 3D printing are optimized. The morphology and properties of SIBS/PPO blends are characterized by an ensemble of techniques, including atomic force microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and thermal and mechanical properties testing. The elucidation of processing-structure-property relationship of SIBS/PPO blends is essential for 3D printing and advanced manufacturing of high-performance polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naifu Shen
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Jinyu Bu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Marianne E Prévôt
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute (AMLCI), Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute (AMLCI), Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Materials Science Graduate Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Brain Health Research Institute (BHRI), Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Joseph P Kennedy
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Weinan Xu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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5
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Cai C, Wu S, Zhang Y, Li F, Tan Z, Dong S. Poly(thioctic acid): From Bottom-Up Self-Assembly to 3D-Fused Deposition Modeling Printing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203630. [PMID: 36220340 PMCID: PMC9685451 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the bottom-up assembly in nature, an artificial self-assembly pattern is introduced into 3D-fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing to achieve additive manufacturing on the macroscopic scale. Thermally activated polymerization of thioctic acid (TA) enabled the bulk construction of poly(TA), and yielded unique time-dependent self-assembly. Freshly prepared poly(TA) can spontaneously and continuously transfer into higher-molecular-weight species and low-molecular-weight TA monomers. Poly(TA) and the newly formed TA further assembled into self-reinforcing materials via microscopic-phase separation. Bottom-up self-assembly patterns on different scales are fully realized by 3D FDM printing of poly(TA): thermally induced polymerization of TA (microscopic-scale assembly) to poly(TA) and 3D printing (macroscopic-scale assembly) of poly(TA) are simultaneously achieved in the 3D-printing process; after 3D printing, the poly(TA) modes show mechanically enhanced features over time, arising from the microscopic self-assembly of poly(TA) and TA. This study clearly demonstrates that micro- and macroscopic bottom-up self-assembly can be applied in 3D additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Cai
- Department of Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China
| | - Shuanggen Wu
- Department of Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China
| | - Fenfang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha410083China
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber CropsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha410205China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- Department of Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China
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6
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Ma Z, Zhang X, Liu H, Lu S, Qin L, Dong G. Direct ink writing of reinforced polydimethylsiloxane elastomer composites for flexure sensors. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing System Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- Institute of Design Science and Basic Components Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing System Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing System Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Shan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing System Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- Institute of Design Science and Basic Components Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Liguo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing System Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- Institute of Design Science and Basic Components Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Guangneng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing System Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- Institute of Design Science and Basic Components Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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7
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Hilgeroth PS, Thümmler JF, Binder WH. 3D Printing of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Triblock Copolymers of Styrene–Isobutylene–Styrene as a Slow-Release System. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183742. [PMID: 36145892 PMCID: PMC9504042 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has a wide range of applications and has opened up new methods of drug formulation, in turn achieving attention in medicine. We prepared styrene–isobutylene–styrene triblock copolymers (SIBS; Mn = 10 kDa–25 kDa, PDI 1,3–1,6) as a drug carrier for triamcinolone acetonide (TA), further processed by fused deposition modeling to create a solid drug release system displaying improved bioavailability and applicability. Living carbocationic polymerization was used to exert control over block length and polymeric architecture. Thermorheological properties of the SIBS polymer (22.3 kDa, 38 wt % S) were adjusted to the printability of SIBS/TA mixtures (1–5% of TA), generating an effective release system effective for more than 60 days. Continuous drug release and morphological investigations were conducted to probe the influence of the 3D printing process on the drug release, enabling 3D printing as a formulation method for a slow-release system of Triamcinolone.
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8
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Ranamalla SR, Porfire AS, Tomuță I, Banciu M. An Overview of the Supramolecular Systems for Gene and Drug Delivery in Tissue Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081733. [PMID: 36015356 PMCID: PMC9412871 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a prominent area of research, developing biomaterials aimed to be tunable, mechanistic scaffolds that mimic the physiological environment of the tissue. These biomaterials are projected to effectively possess similar chemical and biological properties, while at the same time are required to be safely and quickly degradable in the body once the desired restoration is achieved. Supramolecular systems composed of reversible, non-covalently connected, self-assembly units that respond to biological stimuli and signal cells have efficiently been developed as preferred biomaterials. Their biocompatibility and the ability to engineer the functionality have led to promising results in regenerative therapy. This review was intended to illuminate those who wish to envisage the niche translational research in regenerative therapy by summarizing the various explored types, chemistry, mechanisms, stimuli receptivity, and other advancements of supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saketh Reddy Ranamalla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Doctoral School in Integrative Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Silvia Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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9
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Du F, Rupp H, Jariyavidyanont K, Janke A, Petzold A, Binder W, Androsch R. 3D-printing of the polymer/insect-repellent system poly(l-lactic acid)/ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (PLLA/IR3535). Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122023. [PMID: 35843363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The polymer/solvent system poly(l-lactic acid)/ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (PLLA/IR3535) is regarded as an insect-repellent-delivery system, serving, e.g., for fighting mosquito-borne tropical diseases. In such systems the solid polymer hosts the liquid repellent, with the latter slowly released to the environment, expelling mosquitoes. As a new approach, exceeding prior work about application of different technologies to obtain such devices, in this work, samples of the polymer/repellent system PLLA/IR3535 were prepared by 3D-printing. The experiments showed that it is possible to print 3D-parts containing up to 25 m% repellent, with an only minor loss of repellent during the printing process. For samples containing low amount of repellent, crystallization of PLLA was suppressed due to the rather fast cooling step and the low bed temperature of around 25 °C, being lower than the glass transition temperature of the homogeneous polymer/repellent strands. At higher repellent concentration, due to the lowering of the glass transition temperature to near or even below ambient temperature, the crystallinity slowly increased during storage after printing. For all samples, regardless of the initial repellent concentration, the repellent-release rate increases with temperature, and at ambient temperature the release-time constant is in the order of 10 days. The study successfully proved the applicability of the technology of extrusion-based 3D-printing for the preparation of polymer parts with a specific shape/design containing mosquito-repellent at a concentration which raises the expectation to be used as a repellent delivery-device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Du
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Harald Rupp
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Katalee Jariyavidyanont
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Andreas Janke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albrecht Petzold
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Binder
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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3D Printable Composite Polymer Electrolytes: Influence of SiO2 Nanoparticles on 3D-Printability. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111859. [PMID: 35683714 PMCID: PMC9181955 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We here demonstrate the preparation of composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) for Li-ion batteries, applicable for 3D printing process via fused deposition modeling. The prepared composites consist of modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and SiO2-based nanofillers. PEG was successfully end group modified yielding telechelic PEG containing either ureidopyrimidone (UPy) or barbiturate moieties, capable to form supramolecular networks via hydrogen bonds, thus introducing self-healing to the electrolyte system. Silica nanoparticles (NPs) were used as a filler for further adjustment of mechanical properties of the electrolyte to enable 3D-printability. The surface functionalization of the NPs with either ionic liquid (IL) or hydrophobic alkyl chains is expected to lead to an improved dispersion of the NPs within the polymer matrix. Composites with different content of NPs (5%, 10%, 15%) and LiTFSI salt (EO/Li+ = 5, 10, 20) were analyzed via rheology for a better understanding of 3D printability, and via Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) for checking their ionic conductivity. The composite electrolyte PEG 1500 UPy2/LiTFSI (EO:Li 5:1) mixed with 15% NP-IL was successfully 3D printed, revealing its suitability for application as printable composite electrolytes.
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11
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O'Donnell A, Salimi S, Hart L, Babra T, Greenland B, Hayes W. Applications of supramolecular polymer networks. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Rupp H, Binder WH. 3D Printing of Solvent-Free Supramolecular Polymers. Front Chem 2021; 9:771974. [PMID: 34912780 PMCID: PMC8666451 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.771974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has significantly changed polymer science and technology by engineering complex material shapes and compositions. With the advent of dynamic properties in polymeric materials as a fundamental principle to achieve, e.g., self-healing properties, the use of supramolecular chemistry as a tool for molecular ordering has become important. By adjusting molecular nanoscopic (supramolecular) bonds in polymers, rheological properties, immanent for 3D printing, can be adjusted, resulting in shape persistence and improved printing. We here review recent progress in the 3D printing of supramolecular polymers, with a focus on fused deposition modelling (FDM) to overcome some of its limitations still being present up to date and open perspectives for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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13
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Li C, Hilgeroth P, Hasan N, Ströhl D, Kressler J, Binder WH. Comparing C2=O and C2=S Barbiturates: Different Hydrogen-Bonding Patterns of Thiobarbiturates in Solution and the Solid State. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12679. [PMID: 34884482 PMCID: PMC8657569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl-centered hydrogen bonds with various strength and geometries are often exploited in materials to embed dynamic and adaptive properties, with the use of thiocarbonyl groups as hydrogen-bonding acceptors remaining only scarcely investigated. We herein report a comparative study of C2=O and C2=S barbiturates in view of their differing hydrogen bonds, using the 5,5-disubstituted barbiturate B and the thiobarbiturate TB as model compounds. Owing to the different hydrogen-bonding strength and geometries of C2=O vs. C2=S, we postulate the formation of different hydrogen-bonding patterns in C2=S in comparison to the C2=O in conventional barbiturates. To study differences in their association in solution, we conducted concentration- and temperature-dependent NMR experiments to compare their association constants, Gibbs free energy of association ∆Gassn., and the coalescence behavior of the N-H‧‧‧S=C bonded assemblies. In Langmuir films, the introduction of C2=S suppressed 2D crystallization when comparing B and TB using Brewster angle microscopy, also revealing a significant deviation in morphology. When embedded into a hydrophobic polymer such as polyisobutylene, a largely different rheological behavior was observed for the barbiturate-bearing PB compared to the thiobarbiturate-bearing PTB polymers, indicative of a stronger hydrogen bonding in the thioanalogue PTB. We therefore prove that H-bonds, when affixed to a polymer, here the thiobarbiturate moieties in PTB, can reinforce the nonpolar PIB matrix even better, thus indicating the formation of stronger H-bonds among the thiobarbiturates in polymers in contrast to the effects observed in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Li
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (C.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Philipp Hilgeroth
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (C.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Nazmul Hasan
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Dieter Ströhl
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (C.L.); (P.H.)
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14
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Samanta S, Kim S, Saito T, Sokolov AP. Polymers with Dynamic Bonds: Adaptive Functional Materials for a Sustainable Future. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9389-9401. [PMID: 34324809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric materials play critical role in many current technologies. Among them, adaptive polymeric materials with dynamic (reversible) bonds exhibit unique properties and provide exciting opportunities for various future technologies. Dynamic bonds enable structural rearrangements in polymer networks in specific conditions. Replacement of a few covalent bonds by dynamic bonds can enhance polymeric properties, e.g., strongly improve the toughness and the adhesive properties of polymers. Moreover, they provide recyclability and enable new properties, such as self-healing and shape memory effects. We briefly overview new developments in the field of polymers with dynamic bonds and current understanding of their dynamic properties. We further highlight several examples of unique properties of polymers with dynamic bonds and provide our perspectives for them to be used in many current and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg Makromolekulare Chemie Fakultät Naturwissenschaften II Von‐Danckelmann‐Platz 4 D‐06120 Halle
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16
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Mordvinkin A, Döhler D, Binder WH, Colby RH, Saalwächter K. Rheology, Sticky Chain, and Sticker Dynamics of Supramolecular Elastomers Based on Cluster-Forming Telechelic Linear and Star Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Mordvinkin
- Institut für Physik─NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Döhler
- Institut für Chemie─Makromolekulare Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Institut für Chemie─Makromolekulare Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik─NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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17
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Tabriz AG, Scoutaris N, Gong Y, Hui HW, Kumar S, Douroumis D. Investigation on hot melt extrusion and prediction on 3D printability of pharmaceutical grade polymers. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120755. [PMID: 34052338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of printable filaments has been identified as a critical aspect for the processing of pharmaceutical grade polymers and the fabrication of oral solid dosage forms. In this study a range of plain and drug loaded polymers were investigated and assessed for their printability in comparison to commercial filaments. Physicochemical characterizations of the polymers included differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and rheology were studied prior to Hot Melt Extrusion processing for the filament fabrication. A texture analyser was used to study the filament mechanical properties in order to derive the maximum tensile strength, Young's Modulus and elongation at break. Principal component analysis was used to compare the printability of the polymer and to identify the contribution of each mechanical property. The analysis showed that maximum tensile strength with a threshold between 15 and 20 MPa is the most critical property for the prediction of the printability. Furthermore, printable filaments were processed using Fusion Deposition Modelling technology and optimal printing parameters were identified. The study demonstrated that the prediction of filament printability is feasible by evaluating the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atabak Ghanizadeh Tabriz
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Nick Scoutaris
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Yuchuan Gong
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene Corporation), 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA.
| | - Ho-Wah Hui
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene Corporation), 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene Corporation), 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA.
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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18
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Saleh Alghamdi S, John S, Roy Choudhury N, Dutta NK. Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Materials: Progress, Promise and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:753. [PMID: 33670934 PMCID: PMC7957542 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of additive manufacturing (AM) has moved well beyond prototyping and has been established as a highly versatile manufacturing method with demonstrated potential to completely transform traditional manufacturing in the future. In this paper, a comprehensive review and critical analyses of the recent advances and achievements in the field of different AM processes for polymers, their composites and nanocomposites, elastomers and multi materials, shape memory polymers and thermo-responsive materials are presented. Moreover, their applications in different fields such as bio-medical, electronics, textiles, and aerospace industries are also discussed. We conclude the article with an account of further research needs and future perspectives of AM process with polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Saleh Alghamdi
- School of Engineering, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Sabu John
- School of Engineering, Manufacturing, Materials and Mechatronics, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- School of Engineering, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Naba K Dutta
- School of Engineering, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
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19
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Rupp H, Binder WH. Multicomponent Stress‐Sensing Composites Fabricated by 3D‐Printing Methodologies. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000450. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Rupp
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg von‐Danckelmann‐Platz 4 Halle D‐06120 Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg von‐Danckelmann‐Platz 4 Halle D‐06120 Germany
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20
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Thompson CB, Korley LTJ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Engineering Supramolecular Materials for Responsive Applications-Design and Functionality. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1198-1216. [PMID: 35638621 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers allow access to dynamic materials, where noncovalent interactions can be used to offer both enhanced material toughness and stimuli-responsiveness. The versatility of self-assembly has enabled these supramolecular motifs to be incorporated into a wide array of glassy and elastomeric materials; moreover, the interaction of these noncovalent motifs with their environment has shown to be a convenient platform for controlling material properties. In this Viewpoint, supramolecular polymers are examined through their self-assembly chemistries, approaches that can be used to control their self-assembly (e.g., covalent cross-links, nanofillers, etc.), and how the strategic application of supramolecular polymers can be used as a platform for designing the next generation of smart materials. This Viewpoint provides an overview of the aspects that have garnered interest in supramolecular polymer chemistry, while also highlighting challenges faced and innovations developed by researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase B. Thompson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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21
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Jiang Z, Diggle B, Tan ML, Viktorova J, Bennett CW, Connal LA. Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001379. [PMID: 32999820 PMCID: PMC7507554 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is a rapidly growing technology that has an enormous potential to impact a wide range of industries such as engineering, art, education, medicine, and aerospace. The flexibility in design provided by this technique offers many opportunities for manufacturing sophisticated 3D devices. The most widely utilized method is an extrusion-based solid-freeform fabrication approach, which is an extremely attractive additive manufacturing technology in both academic and industrial research communities. This method is versatile, with the ability to print a range of dimensions, multimaterial, and multifunctional 3D structures. It is also a very affordable technique in prototyping. However, the lack of variety in printable polymers with advanced material properties becomes the main bottleneck in further development of this technology. Herein, a comprehensive review is provided, focusing on material design strategies to achieve or enhance the 3D printability of a range of polymers including thermoplastics, thermosets, hydrogels, and other polymers by extrusion techniques. Moreover, diverse advanced properties exhibited by such printed polymers, such as mechanical strength, conductance, self-healing, as well as other integrated properties are highlighted. Lastly, the stimuli responsiveness of the 3D printed polymeric materials including shape morphing, degradability, and color changing is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Broden Diggle
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Ming Li Tan
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Jekaterina Viktorova
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | | | - Luke A. Connal
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
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22
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Golkaram M, Loos K. A Critical Approach to Polymer Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymers. Macromolecules 2019; 52:9427-9444. [PMID: 31894159 PMCID: PMC6933822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the concurrent (1) development of polymer synthesis and (2) introduction of new mathematical models for polymer dynamics have evolved the classical framework for polymer dynamics once established by Doi-Edwards/de Gennes. Although the analysis of supramolecular polymer dynamics based on linear rheology has improved a lot recently, there are a large number of insecurities behind the conclusions, which originate from the complexity of these novel systems. The interdependent effect of supramolecular entities (stickers) and chain dynamics can be overwhelming depending on the type and location of stickers as well as the architecture and chemistry of polymers. This Perspective illustrates these parameters and strives to determine what is still missing and has to be improved in the future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Golkaram
- Macromolecular Chemistry
and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry
and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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