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Ang EWJ, Djordjevic I, Solic I, Goh CY, Steele TWJ. Tougher Bioadhesives through Dual Stimulation Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303666. [PMID: 38431774 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbene-based bioadhesives have favourable attributes for tissue adhesion, including non-specific bonding to wet and dry tissues, but suffer from relatively weak fracture strength after photocuring. Light irradiation of carbene-precursor (diazirine) also creates inert side products that are absent under thermal activation. Herein, a dual activation method combines light irradiation at elevated temperatures for the evaluation of diazirine depletion and effects on cohesive properties. A customized photo/thermal-rheometer evaluates viscoelastic properties, correlated to the kinetics of carbene:diazoalkane ratios via 19F NMR). The latter exploits the sensitive -CF3 functional group to determine joule-based light/temperature kinetics on trifluoroaryl diazirine consumption. The combination of heat and photoactivation produced bioadhesives that are 3× tougher compared to control. Dual thermal/light irradiation may be a strategy to improve viscoelastic dissipation and toughness of photo-activated adhesive resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwin W J Ang
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ivan Djordjevic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ivan Solic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chen Yee Goh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Terry W J Steele
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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2
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Chandel AKS, Sreedevi Madhavikutty A, Okada S, Qiming Z, Inagaki NF, Ohta S, Ito T. Injectable, shear-thinning, photocrosslinkable, and tissue-adhesive hydrogels composed of diazirine-modified hyaluronan and dendritic polyethyleneimine. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1454-1464. [PMID: 38223981 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01279d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the first synthesis of diazirine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-DAZ). In addition, we also produced a precursor polymer solution composed of HA-DAZ and dendritic polyethyleneimine (DPI) that showed strong shear-thinning properties. Furthermore, its viscosity was strongly reduced (i.e., from 5 × 105 mPa s at 10-3 s-1 to 6 × 101 mPa s at 103 s-1), substantially, which enhanced solution injectability using a 21 G needle. After ultraviolet irradiation at 365 nm and 6 mW cm-2, the HA-DAZ/DPI solution achieved rapid gelation, as measured using the stirring method, and its gelation time decreased from 200 s to 9 s as the total concentrations of HA-DAZ and DPI increased. Following UV irradiation, the storage modulus increased from 40 to 200 Pa. In addition, reversible sol-gel transition and self-healing properties were observed even after UV irradiation. This suggests that the HA-DAZ/DPI hydrogel was crosslinked in multiple ways, i.e., via covalent bonding between the diazirine and amine groups and via intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. A lap shear test showed that the HA-DAZ/DPI hydrogel exhibited strong adhesiveness as a fibrin glue following UV irradiation. Finally, the HA-DAZ/DPI hydrogel showed higher tissue reinforcement than fibrin glue in an ex vivo burst pressure test of the porcine esophageal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Singh Chandel
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Athira Sreedevi Madhavikutty
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Saki Okada
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Zhang Qiming
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Natsuko F Inagaki
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Seiichi Ohta
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taichi Ito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Djordjevic I, Ellis E, Singh J, Ali N, Pena EM, Rajarethinam R, Manikandan L, Goh J, Lim S, Steele T. Color changing bioadhesive barrier for peripherally inserted central catheters. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1502-1514. [PMID: 38284150 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01347b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria migration at catheter insertion sites presents a serious complication (bacteraemia) with high mortality rates. One strategy to mediate bacteraemia is a physical barrier at the skin-catheter interface. Herein a colorimetric biosensor adhesive (CathoGlu) is designed and evaluated for both colorimetric detection of bacterial infection and application as a bacteria barrier. The design intent combines viscous, hydrophobic bioadhesive with an organic pH indicator (bromothymol blue). Visual observation can then distinguish healthy skin at pH = ∼5 from an infected catheter insertion site at pH = ∼8. The liquid-to-biorubber transition of CathoGlu formulation occurs via a brief exposure to UVA penlight, providing an elastic barrier to the skin flora. Leachates from CathoGlu demonstrate no genotoxic and skin sensitization effect, assessed by OECD-recommended in vitro and in chemico assays. The CathoGlu formulation was found non-inferior against clinically approved 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond™), and adhesive tape (Micropore™) within an in vivo porcine model. CathoGlu skin adhesive provides new opportunities to prevent sepsis in challenging clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Djordjevic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, Singapore 639798.
| | - Elizabeth Ellis
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, Singapore 639798.
| | - Juhi Singh
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 61 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637335
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 70 Nanyang Drive, Block N1.3, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Naziruddin Ali
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, Singapore 639798.
| | - Edgar M Pena
- National Large Animal Research Facility, SingHealth Experimental Medicine Centre, Academia 20 College Road, Singapore 169856
| | - Ravisankar Rajarethinam
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Lakshmanan Manikandan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Jason Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 70 Nanyang Drive, Block N1.3, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Terry Steele
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, Singapore 639798.
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Baran MJ, Hof R, Groot A, Eurlings I, Gijsbrechts J, de Jong B, Wulff JE. Safety Evaluation of a Prototypical Diazirine-Based Covalent Crosslinker and Molecular Adhesive. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:146-156. [PMID: 37987615 PMCID: PMC10916352 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231215692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
bis-Diazirine reagents are increasingly being used as polymer crosslinkers, adhesives, and photopatterning agents in the materials sciences literature, but little effort has been made thus far to document their chemical safety profile. Here, we describe the results of a detailed toxicity assessment of a representative bis-diazirine. Safety was evaluated by a series of in vitro assays, which found the product to be non-mutagenic in bacterial tester strains TA98 and TA100, non-corrosive and non-irritating to skin, and requiring no classification for eye irritation or serious damage. While in vitro tests do not capture the integrated whole animal system, and thus cannot completely rule out the possibility of adverse responses, the results of this study suggest a desirable safety profile for bis-diazirine reagents and provide a solid foundation upon which to add in vivo assessment of safety risk and dose-response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Hof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Angelique Groot
- Charles River Laboratories Den Bosch BV, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Eurlings
- Charles River Laboratories Den Bosch BV, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jet Gijsbrechts
- Charles River Laboratories Den Bosch BV, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Britt de Jong
- Charles River Laboratories Den Bosch BV, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy E. Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Hybrid polymer networks of carbene and thiol ene. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Singh M, Solic I, Steele TWJ. Hydrophobic Bioadhesive Composites for Human Motion Detection. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1353-1358. [PMID: 35549014 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are rapidly rising as sensing materials for bioelectronics applications, but lack mechanical and adhesion strength due to their excess water content. We propose a diazirine-grafted polycaprolactone adhesive (CaproGlu)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite that can provide wet adhesion and strong mechanical properties at the tissue-machine interface. The introduced CNTs not only reinforced the CaproGlu, but also formed electrically conducting pathways. The CaproGlu composites exhibited conductivity of 0.1 S m-1 and a charge storage capacity of 5 μC cm-2. The resulting composites are biocompatible and can be used as strain sensors to detect mechanical deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine (NNIN), Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637553, Singapore.,School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ivan Solic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Terry W J Steele
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine (NNIN), Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637553, Singapore.,School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Wicaksono G, Toni F, Wei Feng Tok L, Jun Ting Thng J, Šolić I, Singh M, Djordjevic I, Baino F, Steele TWJ. Fixation of Transparent Bone Pins with Photocuring Biocomposites. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4463-4473. [PMID: 34387486 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone fractures are in need of rapid fixation methods, but the current strategies are limited to metal pins and screws, which necessitate secondary surgeries upon removal. New techniques are sought to avoid surgical revisions, while maintaining or improving the fixation speed. Herein, a method of bone fixation is proposed with transparent biopolymers anchored in place via light-activated biocomposites based on expanding CaproGlu bioadhesives. The transparent biopolymers serve as a UV light guide for the activation of CaproGlu biocomposites, which results in evolution of molecular nitrogen (from diazirine photolysis), simultaneously expanding the covalently cross-linked matrix. Osseointegration additives of hydroxyapatite or Bioglass 45S5 yield a biocomposite matrix with increased stiffness and pullout strength. The structure-property relationships of UV joules dose, pin diameter, and biocomposite additives are assessed with respect to the apparent viscosity, shear modulus, spatiotemporal pin curing, and lap-shear adhesion. Finally, a model system is proposed based on ex vivo investigation with bone tissue for the exploration and optimization of UV-active transparent biopolymer fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautama Wicaksono
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Felicia Toni
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Leonard Wei Feng Tok
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Jeanette Jun Ting Thng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Ivan Šolić
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Manisha Singh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Ivan Djordjevic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Terry W J Steele
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
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Djordjevic I, Wicaksono G, Šolić I, Singh J, Kaku TS, Lim S, Ang EWJ, Blancafort L, Steele TWJ. Rapid Activation of Diazirine Biomaterials with the Blue Light Photocatalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36839-36848. [PMID: 34342218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbene-based macromolecules are an emerging new stimuli-sensitive class of biomaterials that avoid the impediments of free radical polymerization but maintain a rapid liquid-to-biorubber transition. Activation of diazirine-grafted polycaprolactone polyol (CaproGlu) is limited to UVA wavelengths that have tissue exposure constraints and limited light intensities. For the first time, UVA is circumvented with visible light-emitting diodes at 445 nm (blue) to rapidly activate diazirine-to-carbene covalent cross-linking. Iridium photocatalysts serve to initiate diazirine, despite having little to no absorption at 445 nm. CaproGlu's liquid organic matrix dissolves the photocatalyst with no solvents required, creating a light transparent matrix. Considerable differences in cross-linking chemistry are observed in UVA vs visible/photocatalyst formulations. Empirical analysis and theoretical calculations reveal a more efficient conversion of diazirine directly to carbene with no diazoalkane intermediate detected. Photorheometry results demonstrate a correlation between shear moduli, joules light dose, and the lower limits of photocatalyst concentration required for the liquid-to-biorubber transition. Adhesion strength on ex vivo hydrated tissues exceeds that of cyanoacrylates, with a fixation strength of up to 20 kg·f·cm2. Preliminary toxicity assessment on leachates and materials directly in contact with mammalian fibroblast cells displays no signs of fibroblast cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Djordjevic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Gautama Wicaksono
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Ivan Šolić
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Juhi Singh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.3, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 61 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637335
| | - Tanvi Sushil Kaku
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.3, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.3, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Elwin Wei Jian Ang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Departament de Química and Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi. Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/M.A. Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Terry W J Steele
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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Sunlight activated film forming adhesive polymers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112240. [PMID: 34225880 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-sensitive biomaterials that are activated by light are in need of formulations that are stable under indoor lighting yet can be activated under direct sunlight. Carbene-based bioadhesives are a new generation of film-forming polymers that are stable under indoor lighting yet are rapidly activated with low-energy UVA light, but have never been evaluated under sunlight exposure. Previous investigations have evolved two flexible carbene-based platforms, where aryl-diazirine is grafted on to polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM-NH2; generation-5) or hydrophobic liquid polycaprolactone tetrol to yield G5-Dzx and CaproGlu, respectively. For the first time the activation of G5-Dzx and CaproGlu is investigated by natural sunlight with intensities up to 10 mW·cm-2. Structure-property relationships of bioadhesion are investigated by: (1) joules dose of sunlight; (2) bioadhesive polymer structure; and (3) optical concentrators of magnifying glass and Fresnel lens. Using only natural sunlight, adhesion strength could be tuned from 20 to 150 kPa with crosslinking achieved in under 1 min. The results show that carbene-based polymers are a class of stimuli-sensitive biomaterials that are stable to indoor lighting, yet can be rapidly activated under direct sunlight, which may be useful for topical film forming polymers or as active ingredients in sunscreen formulations.
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