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Zhang H, Han Y, Guan Q, You Z, Zhu M. Fast-Curing of Liquid Crystal Thermosets Enabled by End-Groups Regulation and In Situ Monitoring by Triboelectric Spectroscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403908. [PMID: 38828745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-performance polymer is crucial for the fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) used in extreme conditions. Liquid crystal polyarylate thermosets (LCTs) demonstrate great potential as triboelectric material by virtue of exceptional comprehensive properties. However, there are only a few specific end-groups like phenylethynyl matching the LCT polycondensation temperature (above 300 °C). Moreover, the excellent properties of LCTs rely on the crosslinked network formed with long curing time at high temperature, restricting their further application in triboelectric material. Herein, a fast-curing LCT is designed by terminating with 4-maleimidophenol possessing appropriate reactivity. The resultant LCT (MA-LC-MA) exhibits much lower polycondensation temperature (250-270 °C) and curing temperature of 300 °C within only 1 min compared to typical LCTs (cured at 370 °C for 1 h). Furthermore, the cured MA-LC-MA retains a high glass transition temperature of 135 °C, storage modulus of 6 MPa even at 350 °C, and great electrical output performance. Additionally, triboelectric measurement related to the dielectric properties that vary with crosslinked network is innovatively utilized as an analysis technique of curing progress. This work provides a new strategy to design high-performance TENGs and promotes the development of next generation thermosets in extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yufei Han
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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2
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Chen B, Debsharma T, Fenimore LM, Wang T, Chen Y, Purwanto NS, Torkelson JM. Rapidly Self-Healable and Melt-Extrudable Polyethylene Reprocessable Network Enabled with Dialkylamino Disulfide Dynamic Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400460. [PMID: 39047164 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Catalyst-free, radical-based reactive processing is used to transform low-density polyethylene (LDPE) into polyethylene covalent adaptable networks (PE CANs) using a dialkylamino disulfide crosslinker, BiTEMPS methacrylate (BTMA). Two versions of BTMA are used, BTMA-S2, with nearly exclusively disulfide bridges, and BTMA-Sn, with a mixture of oligosulfide bridges, to produce S2 PE CAN and Sn PE CAN, respectively. The two PE CANs exhibit identical crosslink densities, but the S2 PE CAN manifests faster stress relaxation, with average relaxation times ∼4.5 times shorter than those of Sn PE CAN over a 130 to 160 °C temperature range. The more rapid dynamics of the S2 PE CAN translate into a shorter compression-molding reprocessing time at 160 °C of only 5 min (vs 30 min for the Sn PE CAN) to achieve full recovery of crosslink density. Both PE CANs are melt-extrudable and exhibit full recovery within experimental uncertainty of crosslink density after extrusion. Both PE CANs are self-healable, with a crack fully repaired and the original tensile properties restored after 30 min for the S2 PE CAN or 60 min for the Sn PE CAN at a temperature slightly above the LDPE melting point and without the assistance of external forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Tapas Debsharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Logan M Fenimore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nathan S Purwanto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John M Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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3
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Lei Z, Chen H, Huang S, Wayment LJ, Xu Q, Zhang W. New Advances in Covalent Network Polymers via Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7829-7906. [PMID: 38829268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Covalent network polymers, as materials composed of atoms interconnected by covalent bonds in a continuous network, are known for their thermal and chemical stability. Over the past two decades, these materials have undergone significant transformations, gaining properties such as malleability, environmental responsiveness, recyclability, crystallinity, and customizable porosity, enabled by the development and integration of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC). In this review, we explore the innovative realm of covalent network polymers by focusing on the recent advances achieved through the application of DCvC. We start by examining the history and fundamental principles of DCvC, detailing its inception and core concepts and noting its key role in reversible covalent bond formation. Then the reprocessability of covalent network polymers enabled by DCvC is thoroughly discussed, starting from the significant milestones that marked the evolution of these polymers and progressing to their current trends and applications. The influence of DCvC on the crystallinity of covalent network polymers is then reviewed, covering their bond diversity, synthesis techniques, and functionalities. In the concluding section, we address the current challenges faced in the field of covalent network polymers and speculates on potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lacey J Wayment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Qiucheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Hu J, Gao Y, Teng J, Li L, Zhang T, Zheng S. Recycling of Polydicyclopentadiene Enabled with N-Coordinated Boronic Ester Bonds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400169. [PMID: 38722044 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
In this contribution, the transformation of polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) from thermoset into vitrimer is introduced. First, two N-coordinated diboronic diols are successfully synthesized via the reaction of N,N,N-tri(2-hydroxyethyl)amine and/or N,N,N",N"-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine with 4-(hydroxymethyl) phenylboronic acid and then they are transformed into two N-coordinated cyclic boronic diacrylates. The latter two dienes carrying electron-withdrawing substituents are used for the ring opening insertion metathesis copolymerization (ROIMP) of dicyclopentadiene to afford the crosslinked PDCPD. In the crosslinked PDCPD networks, N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds are integrated. It is found that the as-obtained PDCPD networks displayed the excellent reprocessing properties. In the meantime, the fracture toughness is significantly improved. Owing to the inclusion of N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds, the modified PDCPDs have the thermal stability much superior to plain PDCPD. The results reported in this work demonstrate that PDCPD can successfully be transformed into the vitrimers via the introduction of N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianglu Teng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sixun Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Pettazzoni L, Ximenis M, Leonelli F, Vozzolo G, Bodo E, Elizalde F, Sardon H. Oxime metathesis: tuneable and versatile chemistry for dynamic networks. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2359-2364. [PMID: 38362428 PMCID: PMC10866338 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxime chemistry has emerged as a versatile tool for use in a wide range of applications. In particular, the combination of oximes with esters and urethanes has enabled the realisation of Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs) with improved and tunable dynamic properties. Nevertheless, an exclusively oxime-based chemistry has not yet been explored in the fabrication of CANs. In this work, we investigate the mechanism of the acid-catalysed dynamic exchange of oximes. We propose a metathesis mechanism that is well supported by both experimental and computational studies, which highlight the importance of the substituent effect on the exchange reaction kinetics. Then, as a proof of concept, we incorporate oxime groups into a cross-linked polymeric material and demonstrate the ability of oxime-based polymers to be reprocessed under acid catalysis while maintaining their structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pettazzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Marta Ximenis
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Giulia Vozzolo
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Enrico Bodo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Fermin Elizalde
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country. UPV/EHU Donostia-San Sebastián 20018 Spain
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Tian Y, Feng X, Wang C, Shang S, Liu H, Huang X, Jiang J, Song Z, Zhang H. Fully Biobased Degradable Vitrimer Foams: Mechanical Robust, Catalyst-Free Self-Healing, and Shape Memory Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6523-6532. [PMID: 38275160 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Thermosetting foams have limited capabilities for recycling, reprocessing, or reshaping. Moreover, most of the foaming agents currently employed in these foams are derived from organic compounds sourced from petrochemicals, thereby posing a significant environmental threat due to heightened pollution. To solve these problems, a fully biobased degradable vitrimer foam (EPC-X) was fabricated using an environmentally friendly all-in-one foaming strategy by cross-linking epoxidized malepimaric anhydride (EMPA), 1,5-diaminopentane (PDA), and 1,5-diaminopentane carbamate (PDAC) as a latent curing-blowing agent. To our delight, the vitrimer foams exhibit excellent mechanical properties (2.86 ± 0.11 MPa compressive strength) owing to their unique rigid rosin backbone and cross-linking networks. The presence of dynamic β-hydroxy ester bonds and the self-catalytic behavior of tertiary amine groups facilitate network rearrangement without requiring additional catalysts, thereby resulting in the development of EPC-X with rapid self-healing and shape memory properties. The self-healing foam could support a weight of 500 g (approximately 562 times its own mass). Moreover, these high-performance vitrimer foams can also be easily degraded in an ethanolamine (EA) or NaOH solution under mild conditions. Such a design strategy offers an alternative approach for developing superior degradable and thermal stimuli-responsive thermosetting foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resource, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuezhen Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Shibin Shang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - He Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xujuan Huang
- School of Chemical and Chemistry, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhanqian Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
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7
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Rodrigues JGP, Arias S, Pacheco JGA, Dias ML. Structure and thermal behavior of biobased vitrimer of lactic acid and epoxidized canola oil. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33613-33624. [PMID: 38019990 PMCID: PMC10652253 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06272d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobased vitrimers were obtained from epoxidized canola oil (ECO) and lactic acid (LA) using zinc acetate (ZnAc) and ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (ZnAl) in the proportions of 1 and 2 wt% as transesterification catalysts. Reactions containing ECO and LA showed an average enthalpy of cure of approximately 85 mJ mg-1 and materials cured in the presence of the catalysts showed lower enthalpies of cure and decrease in the material gel content. ECO-LA reaction generated materials with rubber-like properties with Tg ranging from -15 °C to -23 °C, where the material without a catalyst showed the higher Tg value. The presence of catalysts gave the material vitrimer properties, with the softening point associated with transesterification reactions and topology freezing temperature transition at temperatures (Tv) between 195-235 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gabriel P Rodrigues
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Santiago Arias
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Lopes Dias
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Grauzeliene S, Schuller AS, Delaite C, Ostrauskaite J. Development and Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of a Vitrimer Composed of Glycerol 1,3-Diglycerolate Diacrylate and Tetrahydrofurfuryl Methacrylate. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:6958-6965. [PMID: 37705712 PMCID: PMC10497060 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of biobased reshapable and repairable vitrimers has received extensive attention due to the growing focus on an environmentally friendly society. Therefore, the objective of this research was to synthesize sustainable polymers with an environmentally friendly strategy combining the benefits of renewable resources, UV curing, and vitrimers. Two biobased monomers, glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, were chosen for the preparation of UV-curable resins and tested by real-time photorheometry and RT-FTIR spectroscopy to determine their suitability for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. DLP 3D-printed polymer showed shape memory, weldability, and repairability capabilities by triggering the dynamic transesterification process at high temperatures. The vitrimer with a weight ratio of 60:40 of glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate showed shape memory properties with a recovery ratio of 100% and a 7-fold improved tensile strength compared to the original sample, confirming efficient weldability and repairability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Grauzeliene
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu Road 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Anne-Sophie Schuller
- Laboratoire
de Photochimie et d’Ingénierie Macromoléculaires—EA4567,
Université de Haute Alsace, Université
de Strasbourg, 3b Rue
Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Delaite
- Laboratoire
de Photochimie et d’Ingénierie Macromoléculaires—EA4567,
Université de Haute Alsace, Université
de Strasbourg, 3b Rue
Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Jolita Ostrauskaite
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu Road 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Kumar A, Gresil M, Connal LA. Dynamic elastomers based on bio‐derived crosslinker. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20230005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Matthieu Gresil
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Luke A. Connal
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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