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Dias L, Milheiro J, Ribeiro M, Fernandes C, Neves N, Filipe-Ribeiro L, Cosme F, Nunes FM. Fast and Simple UPLC-Q-TOF MS Method for Determination of Bitter Flavan-3-ols and Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins: Impact of Vegetable Protein Fining Agents on Red Wine Composition. Foods 2023; 12:3313. [PMID: 37685245 PMCID: PMC10486807 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine phenolic compounds, particularly proanthocyanidins (PAs), play a significant role in wine sensory characteristics, specifically bitterness and astringency. Although not consensual, flavan-3-ols and oligomeric PAs are generally considered the primary contributors to wine bitterness. Patatin, a vegetable protein fining agent, has been explored as an alternative to animal and synthetic fining agents for reducing wine bitterness. However, contradictory results exist regarding its effectiveness in removing flavan-3-ols and oligomeric PAs in red wines. In this work, a UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS method was optimized and validated for accurately measuring flavan-3-ols, as well as dimeric and trimeric PAs, in red wines. The MS/MS analysis of flavan-3-ols, in addition to the typical fragmentation described in the literature, revealed an intense mass fragment resulting from the loss of C3O2 and C3O2 + H2O from the parent ion. It was observed that flavan-3-ols and PAs undergo oxidation during sample preparation, which was reversed by the addition of 5 g/L of ascorbic acid. The method demonstrated good linearity range (2 mg/L to 20 mg/L), detection limit (0.3 mg/L to 0.7 mg/L), quantification limit (0.8 mg/L to 2.2 mg/L), precision (repeatability 2.2% to 7.3%), and accuracy (recovery 98.5% to 100.5%). The application of patatin at different doses (5 g/L to 30 g/L) in two different red wine matrices did not reduce the levels of monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric PAs in red wines. However, similar behaviors were observed for pea protein and gelatin. Therefore, wine fining trials and efficiency measurements of the treatments in each matrix are strongly advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Dias
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (L.D.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.)
| | - Juliana Milheiro
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (L.D.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.)
| | - Miguel Ribeiro
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (L.D.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.)
- Genetics and Biotechnology Department, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Neves
- Sogrape Vinhos S.A., 4430-809 Avintes, Portugal; (C.F.); (N.N.)
| | - Luís Filipe-Ribeiro
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (L.D.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.)
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (L.D.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.)
- Biology and Environment Department, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (L.D.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.)
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Gahtori R, Tripathi AH, Kumari A, Negi N, Paliwal A, Tripathi P, Joshi P, Rai RC, Upadhyay SK. Anticancer plant-derivatives: deciphering their oncopreventive and therapeutic potential in molecular terms. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-023-00465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Over the years, phytomedicines have been widely used as natural modalities for the treatment and prevention of various diseases by different ethnic groups across the globe. Although, 25% of drugs in the USA contain at least one plant-derived therapeutic compound, currently there is a paucity of plant-derived active medicinal ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry. Scientific evidence-based translation of plant-derived ethnomedicines for their clinical application is an urgent need. The anticancer and associated properties (antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition) of various plant extracts and phytochemicals have been elucidated earlier. Several of the plant derivatives are already in use under prophylactic/therapeutic settings against cancer and many are being investigated under different phases of clinical trials.
Main body
The purpose of this study is to systematically comprehend the progress made in the area of prophylactic and therapeutic potential of the anticancerous plant derivatives. Besides, we aim to understand their anticancer potential in terms of specific sub-phenomena, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and inhibition of EMT, with an insight of the molecules/pathways associated with them. The study also provides details of classes of anticancer compounds, their plant source(s) and the molecular pathway(s) targeted by them. In addition to the antioxidative and antiproliferative potentials of anticancer plant derivatives, this study emphasizes on their EMT-inhibition potential and other ‘anticancer related’ properties. The EMT is highlighted as a phenomenon of choice for targeting cancer due to its role in the induction of metastasis and drug resistance. Different phytochemicals in pre-clinical or clinical trials, with promising chemopreventive/anticancer activities have been enlisted and the plant compounds showing synergistic anticancer activity in combination with the existing drugs have been discussed. The review also unravels the need of carrying out pan-signalome studies for identifying the cardinal pathways modulated by phytomedicine(s), as in many cases, the molecular pathway(s) has/have been randomly studied.
Conclusion
This review systematically compiles the studies regarding the impact of various plant derivatives in different cancers and oncogenic processes, as tested in diverse experimental model systems. Availability of more comprehensive information on anticancer phyto-constituents, their relative abundance in crude drugs, pathways/molecules targeted by phytomedicines, their long-term toxicity data and information regarding their safe use under the combinatorial settings, would open greater avenues of their utilization in future against this dreaded disease.
Graphical Abstract
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Ma B, Wang K, Guo J, Zhu G, Zhao X, Zhao M, Yang X, Shao H. Anthocyanins of Asian bird cherries (
Prunus nepalensis
L.): an untapped source for natural food colorants. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Ma
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Kaijie Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Juntong Guo
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Ge Zhu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Mengge Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Hongjun Shao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
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De Marchi F, De Rosso M, Flamini R. Coupling between high-resolution mass spectrometry and focalized data-analysis methods provides the identification of new putative glycosidic non-anthocyanic flavonoids in grape. Metabolomics 2022; 18:37. [PMID: 35687180 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The biochemical diversity of flavonoids is based on glycosylation, methylation, acylation, and many other modifications of the flavonoid backbone. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry demonstrated to be a powerful approach to gain new insights into the flavonoid composition of many plant species, including grapes. OBJECTIVES Among different metabolomic approaches, suspect screening analysis relies on the construction of a specific database and on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC/QTOF) analysis to find new compounds of oenological interest. METHODS A homemade database containing mass data information retrieved from the literature specific for plant flavonoid derivatives (GrapeFlavMet) was constructed. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of V. vinifera and hybrid grape extracts was performed, and MS/MS fragmentation allowed to assign the putative flavonoid chemical structure to various identification levels, as established by the Metabolomics Standard Initiative. RESULTS By this approach, putative flavonoid derivatives with different glycosylation and acylation patterns were identified. They include three pentoside derivatives of tetrahydroxy-flavone, tetrahydroxy-flavanone and myricetin isomers, a putative dihydrorhamnetin hexoside derivative, three cinchonain isomers (phenylpropanoid-substituted flavan-3-ols with antidiabetic properties), and two syringetin isomer derivatives (acetyl- and p-coumaroyl-hexoside). Two acetyl-hexoside derivatives of dihydrorhamnetin and pentahydroxy-methoxy-flavanone, and three derivatives of tetrahydroxy-dimethoxy-flavanone (acetyl, p-coumaroyl, and caffeoyl-hexoside) were tentatively annotated. CONCLUSIONS Most of the compounds were identified in grape for the first time, while two putative syringetin derivatives previously proposed in the literature were confirmed. These findings deepen the current knowledge on grape flavonoids, suggesting more connections at the biochemical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola De Marchi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Viticulture & Oenology (CREA-VE), Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Mirko De Rosso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Viticulture & Oenology (CREA-VE), Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Riccardo Flamini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Viticulture & Oenology (CREA-VE), Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy.
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5
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Modern Analytical Methods for the Analysis of Pesticides in Grapes: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111623. [PMID: 35681373 PMCID: PMC9180315 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, research on the determination of pesticides in food products is very popular. Information obtained from research conducted so far mainly concerns the development of a methodology to determine the content of pesticides in food products. However, they do not describe the content of the pesticide used in viticulture in the resulting product. Over the past decade, this study has examined analytical methodologies for assessing pesticide residues in grapes. Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Springer databases were searched for relevant publications. The phrases “pesticides” and “grapes” and their combinations were used to search for articles. The titles and annotations of the extracted articles have been read and studied to ensure that they meet the review criteria. The selected articles were used to compile a systematic review based on scientific research and reliable sources. The need to study the detection of pesticide residues in grapes using advanced analytical methods is confirmed by our systematic review. This review also highlights modern methods of sample preparation, such as QuEChERS, SPME, PLE, dLLME, and ADLL-ME, as well as the most used methods of separation and identification of pesticides in grapes. An overview of the countries where residual grape pesticide amounts are most studied is presented, along with the data on commonly used pesticides to control pests and diseases in grape cultivation. Finally, future possibilities and trends in the analysis of pesticide residues in grapes are discussed by various analytical methods.
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6
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Kaur G, Bhatia S. Radish leaf protein concentrates: optimization of alkaline extraction for production and characterization of an alternative plant protein concentrate. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sun X, Zhang F, Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Ge Q, Xu P, Zhang Q, Fang Y, Ma T. Real wine or not? Protecting wine with traceability and authenticity for consumers: chemical and technical basis, technique applications, challenge, and perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6783-6808. [PMID: 33825545 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1906624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Wine is a high-value alcoholic beverage welcomed by consumers because of its flavor and nutritional value. The key information on wine bottle label is the basis of consumers' choice, which also becomes a target for manufacturers to adulterate, including geographical origin, grape variety and vintage. With the improvement of wine adulteration technology, modern technological means are needed to solve the above mentioned problems. The chemical basis of wine determines the type of technique used. Detection technology can be subdivided into four groups: mass spectrometry techniques, spectroscopic techniques, chromatography techniques, and other techniques. Multivariate statistical analysis of the data was performed by means of chemometrics methods. This paper outlines a series of procedures for wine classification and identification, and classified the analytical techniques and data processing methods used in recent years with listing their principles, advantages and disadvantages to help wine researchers choose appropriate methods to meet the challenge and ensure wine traceability and authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Sun
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Qian Ge
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China.,Quality Standards and Testing Institute of Agricultural Technology, Yinchuan, China
| | - Pingkang Xu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Food Science and Technology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China
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8
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Rigsby CM, Body MJA, May A, Oppong A, Kostka A, Houseman N, Savage S, Whitney ER, Kinahan IG, Deboef B, Orians CM, Appel HM, Schultz JC, Preisser EL. Impact of chronic stylet-feeder infestation on folivore-induced signaling and defenses in a conifer. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:416-427. [PMID: 33094330 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how conifers respond biochemically to multiple simultaneous herbivore attacks is lacking. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis; 'hemlock') is fed on by hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae; 'adelgid') and by later-instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar; 'gypsy moth') caterpillars. The adelgid is a stylet-feeding insect that causes a salicylic acid (SA)-linked response in hemlock, and gypsy moth larvae are folivores that presumably cause a jasmonic acid (JA)-linked response. This system presents an opportunity to study how invasive herbivore-herbivore interactions mediated through host biochemical responses. We used a factorial field experiment to challenge chronically adelgid-infested hemlocks with gypsy moth caterpillars. We quantified 17 phytohormones, 26 phenolic and terpene metabolites, and proanthocyanidin, cell wall-bound (CW-bound) phenolic, and lignin contents. Foliage infested with adelgid only accumulated gibberellins and SA; foliage challenged by gypsy moth only accumulated JA phytohormones. Gypsy moth folivory on adelgid-infested foliage reduced the accumulation of JA phytohormones and increased the SA levels. Both herbivores increased CW-bound phenolics and gypsy moth increased lignin content when feeding alone but not when feeding on adelgid-infested foliage. Our study illustrates the importance of understanding the biochemical mechanisms and signaling antagonism underlying tree responses to multiple stresses and of disentangling local and systemic stress signaling in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Rigsby
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories, The Morton Arboretum, 4100 IL-53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
| | - Mélanie J A Body
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Amelia May
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Anita Oppong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Amy Kostka
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Nick Houseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Suzanne Savage
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Whitney
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ian G Kinahan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Brenton Deboef
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Colin M Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Heidi M Appel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jack C Schultz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Evan L Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Hayar S, Zeitoun R, Maestroni BM. Validation of a Rapid Multiresidue Method for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Vine Leaves. Comparison of the Results According to the Different Conservation Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041176. [PMID: 33671830 PMCID: PMC7927040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The QuEChERS method was applied to the determination of pesticide residues in vine (Vitis vinifera) leaves by LC-MSMS. The method was validated in-house for 33 pesticides representing 17 different chemical groups, that are most commonly used in grape production. Recoveries for the pesticides tested ranged from 75 to 104%, and repeatability and reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDr% and RSDRw%) were less than 20%. The method was applied to the analysis of pesticide residues in 17 market brands of vine leaves processed according to three different preservation methods and sampled from the Lebanese market. Dried vine leaves were more contaminated with pesticide residues than those preserved in brine or stuffed vine leaves. The systemic fungicides were the most frequently detected among all the phytosanitary compounds usually applied to grape production. Brine-preserved and stuffed vine leaves contained lower concentrations of the residues but still contained a cocktail of different pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Hayar
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Sciences (EDST-PRASE), Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadath-Mount Lebanon, Lebanon
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Dekweneh-Beirut, Lebanon
- Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences, Section V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-3-416364
| | - Rawan Zeitoun
- Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences, Section V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Section V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Britt Marianna Maestroni
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Applications in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramerstrasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria;
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Hatanaka T, Narusaka M, Uraji M, Yamaji Y, Narusaka Y. Identification of an anti-plant-virus molecule in Alpinia zerumbet. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:17. [PMID: 38650184 PMCID: PMC10991656 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, viral diseases are second only to fungal diseases in terms of occurrence, and cause substantial damage to agricultural crops. The aqueous extracts of shell ginger, Alpinia zerumbet exhibit inhibitory effects against virus infections in belonging to the Solanaceae family. In this study, we isolated an anti-plant-virus molecule from the extracts using a conventional method involving a combination of reversed phase column chromatography, dialysis, and lyophilization. The anti-plant-virus molecule was identified as proanthocyanidin, which mostly consisted of epicatechin and exhibited more than 40 degrees of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Hatanaka
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences (RIBS), 7549-1 Kibichuo-cho, Kaga-gun, Okayama, 716-1241, Japan.
| | - Mari Narusaka
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences (RIBS), 7549-1 Kibichuo-cho, Kaga-gun, Okayama, 716-1241, Japan
| | - Misugi Uraji
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences (RIBS), 7549-1 Kibichuo-cho, Kaga-gun, Okayama, 716-1241, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Narusaka
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences (RIBS), 7549-1 Kibichuo-cho, Kaga-gun, Okayama, 716-1241, Japan
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11
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Influence of Triazole Pesticides on Wine Flavor and Quality Based on Multidimensional Analysis Technology. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235596. [PMID: 33260751 PMCID: PMC7730357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triazole pesticides are widely used to control grapevine diseases. In this study, we investigated the impact of three triazole pesticides-triadimefon, tebuconazole, and paclobutrazol-on the concentrations of wine aroma compounds. All three triazole pesticides significantly affected the ester and acid aroma components. Among them, paclobutrazol exhibited the greatest negative influence on the wine aroma quality through its effect on the ester and acid aroma substances, followed by tebuconazole and triadimefon. Qualitative and quantitative analysis by solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed that the triazole pesticides also changed the flower and fruit flavor component contents of the wines. This was attributed to changes in the yeast fermentation activity caused by the pesticide residues. The study reveals that triazole pesticides negatively impact on the volatile composition of wines with a potential undesirable effect on wine quality, underlining the desirability of stricter control by the food industry over pesticide residues in winemaking.
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Donno D, Mellano MG, Gamba G, Riondato I, Beccaro GL. Analytical Strategies for Fingerprinting of Antioxidants, Nutritional Substances, and Bioactive Compounds in Foodstuffs Based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: An Overview. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121734. [PMID: 33255692 PMCID: PMC7760506 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
New technology development and globalisation have led to extreme changes in the agri-food sector in recent years that need an important food supply chain characterisation from plant materials to commercial productions. Many analytical strategies are commonly utilised in the agri-food industry, often using complementary technologies with different purposes. Chromatography on-line coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most selective and sensitive analytical methodologies. The purpose of this overview is to present the most recent MS-based techniques applied to food analysis. An entire section is dedicated to the recent applications of high-resolution MS. Covered topics include liquid (LC)– and gas chromatography (GC)–MS analysis of natural bioactive substances, including carbohydrates, flavonoids and related compounds, lipids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and other different molecules in foodstuffs from the perspectives of food composition, food authenticity and food adulteration. The results represent an important contribution to the utilisation of GC–MS and LC–MS in the field of natural bioactive compound identification and quantification.
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Polyphenols: Natural Antioxidants to Be Used as a Quality Tool in Wine Authenticity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a diverse group of compounds possessing various health-promoting properties that are of utmost importance for many wine sensory attributes. Apart from genetic and environmental parameters, the implementation of specific oenological practices as well as the subsequent storage conditions deeply affect the content and nature of the polyphenols present in wine. However, polyphenols are effectively employed in authenticity studies. Provision of authentic wines to the market has always been a prerequisite meaning that the declarations on the wine label should mirror the composition and provenance of this intriguing product. Nonetheless, multiple cases of intentional or unintentional wine mislabeling have been recorded alarming wine consumers who demand for strict controls safeguarding wine authenticity. The emergence of novel platforms employing instrumentation of exceptional selectivity and sensitivity along with the use of advanced chemometrics such as NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance)- and MS (mass spectrometry)-based metabolomics is considered as a powerful asset towards wine authentication.
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V González de Peredo A, Vázquez-Espinosa M, Piñeiro Z, Espada-Bellido E, Ferreiro-González M, F Barbero G, Palma M. Development of a rapid and accurate UHPLC-PDA-FL method for the quantification of phenolic compounds in grapes. Food Chem 2020; 334:127569. [PMID: 32707360 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Grapes are a great source of phenolic compounds, which have excellent antioxidant properties. Efficient analytical methods are necessary to selectively and precisely determine these compounds content in grapes. In this study, a reverse-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method with fluorescence and photodiode array detection has been developed to determine and quantify 27 of the main phenolic compounds present in grapes. An ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.7 mm particle size) column was employed. A gradient method was developed and column temperature (25-55 °C), as well as flow rate (0.6-0.75 mL min-1), were optimized. The optimum conditions allowed the separation of all the compounds in less than 9 min. The method was validated and demonstrated excellent detection and quantification limits, precision, and selectivity. Finally, several grape varieties were studied in order to demonstrate the applicability of the method to the analysis of real matrix samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V González de Peredo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, P.O. Box 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, P.O. Box 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Zulema Piñeiro
- Centro IFAPA Rancho de la Merced, Carretera de Trebujena, km 3.2, Apdo. 589, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Estrella Espada-Bellido
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, P.O. Box 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, P.O. Box 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Gerardo F Barbero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, P.O. Box 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, P.O. Box 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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Topić Božič J, Butinar L, Ćurko N, Kovačević Ganić K, Mozetič Vodopivec B, Korte D, Franko M. Implementation of high performance liquid chromatography coupled to thermal lens spectrometry (HPLC-TLS) for quantification of pyranoanthocyanins during fermentation of Pinot Noir grapes. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Nallathambi R, Poulev A, Zuk JB, Raskin I. Proanthocyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Extract Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Restores Tight Junction Barrier Function in Caco-2 Colon Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061623. [PMID: 32492806 PMCID: PMC7352846 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape polyphenols have previously been shown to improve gut health and attenuate the symptoms of metabolic syndrome; however, the mechanism of these beneficial effects is still debated. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE) on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and barrier integrity of human Caco-2 colon cells. GSE significantly reduced the LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial superoxide production, and upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. GSE also restored the LPS-damaged mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, GSE increased the expression of tight junction proteins in the LPS-treated Caco-2 cells, increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Our findings suggest that GSE exerts its beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome by scavenging intestinal ROS, thus reducing oxidative stress, increasing epithelial barrier integrity, and decreasing intestinal inflammation.
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Beaver C, Collins TS, Harbertson J. Model Optimization for the Prediction of Red Wine Phenolic Compounds Using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectra. Molecules 2020; 25:E1576. [PMID: 32235496 PMCID: PMC7180970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this work was to optimize red wine phenolic prediction with models built from wine ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectra. Three major obstacles were addressed to achieve this, namely algorithm selection, spectral multicollinearity, and phenolic evolution over time. For algorithm selection, support vector regression, kernel ridge regression, and kernel partial least squares regression were compared. For multicollinearity, the spectrum of malvidin chloride was used as an external standard for spectral adjustment. For phenolic evolution, spectral data were collected during fermentation as well as once a week for four weeks after fermentation had ended. Support vector regression gave the most accurate predictions among the three algorithms tested. Additionally, malvidin chloride proved a useful standard for phenolic spectral transformation and isolation. As for phenolic evolution, models needed to be calibrated and validated throughout the aging process to ensure predictive accuracy. In short, red wine phenolic prediction by the models built in this work can be realistically achieved, although periodic model re-calibration and expansion from data obtained using known phenolic assays is recommended to maintain model accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Harbertson
- Viticulture and Enology Program, Washington State University Tri-Cities, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (C.B.); (T.S.C.)
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Faheem SA, Saeed NM, El-Naga RN, Ayoub IM, Azab SS. Hepatoprotective Effect of Cranberry Nutraceutical Extract in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Model in Rats: Impact on Insulin Resistance and Nrf-2 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:218. [PMID: 32256346 PMCID: PMC7093716 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in the hepatocyte in the absence of alcohol intake. Untreated NAFLD is expected to progress into liver fibrosis. Cranberry is rich in polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Hypothesis The present study was performed to evaluate our hypothesis of the possible anti-fibrotic effect of cranberry nutraceuticals in a high fat cholesterol diet induced (HFCD)-NAFLD in rats, focusing on improving insulin sensitivity and modulating the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) (a transcription factor responsible for regulating cellular redox balance). Method Male albino wistar rats (12 weeks) received HFCD and/or cranberry (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, three times/week) orally for 8 consecutive weeks. Results In comparison to the HFCD group, cranberry treated groups (50 and 100 mg/kg) showed marked hepatoprotection, where it significantly decreased liver enzymes (alanine transaminases by 49 and 64% and aspartate transaminases by 45 and 64%; respectively), TGs, and ameliorated the histopathological alterations (such as inflammatory cells infiltration and ballooning degeneration) induced by HFCD. Cranberry also alleviated oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor- alpha, interleukine-6 and nuclear factor kappa-b) and significantly reduced the HOMA-IR and TyG index. On the other hand, cranberry treated groups (50 and 100 mg/kg) showed a marked increase in the expression of adiponectin, by 8 and 13-fold, insulin receptor substrate-2 by 21 and 79%, and Nrf2 by 13 and 61%, respectively. Notably, cranberry significantly reduced the fibrotic markers, TGF–β and α-SMA expression and collagen deposition. Conclusion The present study showed that cranberry significantly attenuated NAFLD, in a dose dependent manner, which could be partially recognized by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and its ability to improve insulin sensitivity. Notably, our study proves for the first time that the anti-fibrotic activity of cranberry is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa A Faheem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Saeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem N El-Naga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iriny M Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar S Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Phenolic compounds profile of different berry parts from novel Vitis vinifera L. red grape genotypes and Tempranillo using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS: A varietal differentiation tool. Food Chem 2019; 295:350-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Mono- and di-glucoside anthocyanins extraction during the skin contact fermentation in hybrid grape varieties. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Prakash O, Baskaran R, Kudachikar VB. Characterization, quantification of free, esterified and bound phenolics in Kainth (Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. Ex D.Don) fruit pulp by UPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS and evaluation of their antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2019; 299:125114. [PMID: 31326758 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS was used to identify the free, esterified and bound phenolic compounds in Kainth fruit extracts. In total, around 17, 15 and 18 free, esterified and bound phenolic compounds respectively were identified. Among these, Procyanidin B2, Epicatechin, Phloridzin, Hesperetin, etc. are being reported for the first time. The total phenolic content of free, esterified and bound fractions were 178.33 ± 6.90, 151.33 ± 7.73 and 707.16 ± 19.77 mg GAE/100 g of fruit. The major phenolic compounds quantified were chlorogenic acid (7.97 mg/100 g), arbutin (7.05 mg/100 g) and catechin (44.56 mg/100 g) in free, esterified and bound form respectively. Various antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, TAC and FRAP) were performed for all the extracts. Among different extracts, the bound phenolics exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Systematic identification and quantitative profiling of phenolics in Kainth fruit being presented for the first time would help in utilising this fruit for designing functional food formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Fruit and Vegetable Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Revathy Baskaran
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Fruit and Vegetable Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India.
| | - V B Kudachikar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Fruit and Vegetable Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
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Gérard V, Ay E, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Galopin C, Ogren T, Mutilangi W, Lalevée J. Thermal and Photochemical Stability of Anthocyanins from Black Carrot, Grape Juice, and Purple Sweet Potato in Model Beverages in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5647-5660. [PMID: 31026157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural dyes widely used in the food industry, but their chemical stability in beverages can be affected by the presence of additives. In the present paper, the interaction between anthocyanins and ascorbic acid (AA) is more particularly investigated. Ascorbic acid is an ubiquitous component in food products. In this study, the thermal stability at 43 °C and the photolysis stability in air and in an inert atmosphere (N2) of anthocyanins extracted from black carrot (BC), grape juice (GJ), and purple sweet potato (SP) were studied in the presence and absence of ascorbic acid (in citrate buffer at pH 3). Discriminating the main environmental factors (i.e., heat and light) affecting anthocyanin stability is a key point for better understanding the degradation pathways. The stability of the anthocyanins was followed by UV-vis spectrometry. Moreover, to understand the degradation mechanisms in both the presence and absence of ascorbic acid, various techniques such as fluorescence quenching, cyclic voltammetry, and electron-spin-resonance (ESR) spectroscopy were also used to furnish a full coherent picture of the chemical mechanisms associated with the anthocyanin degradation. In addition, molecular orbitals and bond-dissociation energies (BDE) were calculated to extend the investigation. Moreover, the effects of some supplementary stabilizers (chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, tannic acid, fumaric acid, β-carotene, isoquercitrin, myricitrin, green coffee bean extract, and rosemary extract) and sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) on anthocyanins stability in the presence of ascorbic acid were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Gérard
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 , Université de Haute-Alsace , F-68100 Mulhouse , France
- Université de Strasbourg , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Emel Ay
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 , Université de Haute-Alsace , F-68100 Mulhouse , France
- Université de Strasbourg , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 , Université de Haute-Alsace , F-68100 Mulhouse , France
- Université de Strasbourg , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 , Université de Haute-Alsace , F-68100 Mulhouse , France
- Université de Strasbourg , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Christophe Galopin
- PepsiCo Global Beverage Research and Development , 100 East Stevens Avenue , Valhalla , New York 10595 , United States
| | - Thaddao Ogren
- PepsiCo Global Beverage Research and Development , 100 East Stevens Avenue , Valhalla , New York 10595 , United States
| | - William Mutilangi
- PepsiCo Global Beverage Research and Development , 100 East Stevens Avenue , Valhalla , New York 10595 , United States
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 , Université de Haute-Alsace , F-68100 Mulhouse , France
- Université de Strasbourg , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
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Xie Y, Wang P, Ruan Y, Shi P, Yao H. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Major Ingredients of a Herbal Preparation, Ciwujia Injection by Combination of HPLC-Q-TOF-MS, HPLC-TQ-MS/MS and UPLC-PDA. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666181204115655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Ciwujia injection, prepared from water extraction of Acanthopanax senticosus,
is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the clinic in China. The ingredients of the
preparation are still not efficiently clear and its quality control method requires further improvement.
</P><P>
Objective: In this paper, the qualitative and quantitative methods for quality control of Ciwujia injection
were originally developed by a combination of HPLC-Q-TOF-MS, HPLC-TQ-MS/MS and UPLCPDA.
Methods:
With HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HPLC-TQ-MS/MS, compounds were identified firstly by comparison
of their MS spectra and retention times with those of standards or recorded information in the
literature. Further, a new UPLC-PDA method was originally established to simultaneously determine
the multiple ingredients in the preparations.
Results:
For qualitative analysis, 22 compounds were identified by the presented method. For quantitative
analysis, the validated method exhibited good linearity (R2 > 0.998), repeatability (RSD < 1.50%),
intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD < 8.33%) and recoveries (95.93-108.58%) for the simultaneous
determination of the active ingredients, including protocatechuic acid-3-glucoside, l-phenylalanine,
protocatechuic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, gentiopicroside, eleutheroside B, and cryptochlorogenic
acid, and was successfully utilized to analyze the eight compounds in 4 batches of Ciwujia
injection.
Conclusion:
The presented method is simple and rapid for quality control of Ciwujia injection, and
could provide a useful reference for the quality control and routine analysis of others Ciwujia preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yijun Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, Bee Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Silveira AC, Dias JP, Santos VM, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Rato L, Silva BM. The Action of Polyphenols in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: A Common Agent for Overlapping Pathologies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:590-613. [PMID: 30081787 PMCID: PMC6712293 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180803162059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two prevalent diseases in modern societies, which are caused mainly by current lifestyle, aging and genetic alterations. It has already been demonstrated that these two diseases are associated, since individuals suffering from DM are prone to develop AD. Conversely, it is also known that individuals with AD are more susceptible to DM, namely type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Therefore, these two pathologies, although completely different in terms of symptomatology, end up sharing several mechanisms at the molecular level, with the most obvious being the increase of oxidative stress and inflammation. Polyphenols are natural compounds widely spread in fruits and vegetables whose dietary intake has been considered inversely proportional to the incidence of DM and AD. So, it is believed that this group of phytochemicals may have preventive and therapeutic potential, not only by reducing the risk and delaying the development of these pathologies, but also by improving brain's metabolic profile and cognitive function. The aim of this review is to understand the extent to which DM and AD are related pathologies, the degree of similarity and the relationship between them, to detail the molecular mechanisms by which polyphenols may exert a protective effect, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and highlight possible advantages of their use as common preventive and therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Branca M. Silva
- Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D.Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Tel: +351 275319700; Fax: +351 275 329 183; E-mail:
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Rocchetti G, Gatti M, Bavaresco L, Lucini L. Untargeted metabolomics to investigate the phenolic composition of Chardonnay wines from different origins. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Słowik-Borowiec M, Szpyrka E. Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Wine and Grape Using Gas Chromatography with Microelectron Capture and Nitrogen–Phosphorus Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kemp B, Condé B, Jégou S, Howell K, Vasserot Y, Marchal R. Chemical compounds and mechanisms involved in the formation and stabilization of foam in sparkling wines. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2072-2094. [PMID: 29420057 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1437535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The visual properties of sparkling wine including foam and bubbles are an indicator of sparkling wine quality. Foam properties, particularly foam height (FH) and foam stability (TS), are significantly influenced by the chemical composition of the wine. This review investigates our current knowledge of specific chemical compounds and, the mechanisms by which they influence the foam properties of sparkling wines. Grape and yeast proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, organic acids, fatty acids, ethanol and sugar are examined with respect to their contribution to foam characteristics in sparkling wines made with the Traditional, Transfer, and Charmat and carbonation methods. Contradictory results have been identified that appear to be due to the analytical methods used to measure and quantify compounds and foam. Biopolymer complexes are discussed and absent knowledge with regards to thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), polysaccharides, amino acids, oak-derived phenolic compounds and organic acids are identified. Future research is also likely to concentrate on visual analysis of sparkling wines by in-depth imaging analysis and specific sensory analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Kemp
- a Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute (CCOVI), Brock University , Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines , Ontario , Canada.,b Adjunct Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Science , Brock University , Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines , Ontario , Canada
| | - Bruna Condé
- c Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Sandrine Jégou
- d Laboratoire d'Oenologie de Chimie Appliquée , Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne (URVVC)-EA 4707 , Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cédex, France
| | - Kate Howell
- c Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Yann Vasserot
- d Laboratoire d'Oenologie de Chimie Appliquée , Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne (URVVC)-EA 4707 , Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cédex, France
| | - Richard Marchal
- d Laboratoire d'Oenologie de Chimie Appliquée , Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne (URVVC)-EA 4707 , Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cédex, France
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Deineka VI, Sidorov AN, Chulkov AN, Deineka LA. Peculiarities of the Mass Spectrometric Detection of Anthocyanins in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817140040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Malvidin and cyanidin derivatives from açai fruit ( Euterpe oleracea Mart. ) counteract UV-A-induced oxidative stress in immortalized fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 172:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Antonio AL, Pereira E, Pinela J, Heleno S, Pereira C, Ferreira IC. Determination of Antioxidant Compounds in Foodstuff. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119160588.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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31
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Verification of the selectivity of a liquid chromatography method for determination of stilbenes and flavonols in red wines by mass spectrometry. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-016-0066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maldini M, Foddai M, Natella F, Addis R, Chessa M, Petretto GL, Tuberoso CIG, Pintore G. Metabolomic study of wild and cultivated caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from different areas of Sardinia and their comparative evaluation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:716-728. [PMID: 27489055 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Capparis spinosa L. (Capparidaceae), also known as caper, is widely known for its very aromatic flower buds (capers),that are largely employed as a flavouring in cooking. Capparis species are regarded as a potential source of important bioactive compounds, in fact, due to their botanical relationship with Brassica species; they contain glucosinolates, secondary plant metabolites, that have been studied for their potential anticarcinogenic properties. In addition, the presence of other numerous beneficial compounds such as polyphenols, alkaloids, lipids, vitamins and minerals have been reported. The aim of this study was to individuate and determinate the principal bioactive compounds occurring in different part (leaves, buds and flowers) of wild and cultivated C. spinosa collected from different area of Sardinia (Italy). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry methods were used for identification and simultaneous determination of 27 bioactive molecules. Analysis of different samples revealed qualitative and quantitative differences in the content of flavonoids, glucosinolates, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. In particular, glucocapparin resulted the most abundant with values ranging from 112 to 364 mg/100 g Fresh Weight (FW); followed by rutin with highest value of 126 mg/100 g FW, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin with highest value of 42 mg/100 g FW and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside with highest value of 24 mg/100 g FW. Based on this metabolomic targeted approach, quantitative results were treated by principal component analysis to explore and visualise correlation and discrimination among collections of C. spinosa samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Maldini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marzia Foddai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fausta Natella
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis, Food and Nutrition Research Centre (CREA-NUT), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Addis
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mario Chessa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Luigi Petretto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo I G Tuberoso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Maldini M, Chessa M, Petretto GL, Montoro P, Rourke JP, Foddai M, Nicoletti M, Pintore G. Profiling and Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Anthocyanins in Wild Myrtus communis L. Berries from Different Geographical Areas in Sardinia and their Comparative Evaluation. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2016; 27:249-256. [PMID: 27438776 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae) is a self-seeded shrub, widespread in Sardinia, with anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic and balsamic properties. Its berries, employed for the production of sweet myrtle liqueur, are characterised by a high content of bioactive polyphenols, mainly anthocyanins. Anthocyanin composition is quite specific for vegetables/fruits and can be used as a fingerprint to determine the authenticity, geographical origin and quality of raw materials, products and extracts. OBJECTIVE To rapidly analyse and determine anthocyanins in 17 samples of Myrtus communis berries by developing a platform based on the integration of UHPLC-MS/MS quantitative data and multivariate analysis with the aim of extracting the most information possible from the data. METHODOLOGY UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods, working in positive ion mode, were performed for the detection and determination of target compounds in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved using an XSelect HSS T3 column and a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the quantitative data to correlate and discriminate 17 geographical collections of Myrtus communis. RESULTS The developed quantitative method was reliable, sensitive and specific and was successfully applied to the quantification of 17 anthocyanins. Peonidin-3-O-glucoside was the most abundant compound in all the extracts investigated. CONCLUSION The developed methodology allows the identification of quali-quantitative differences among M. communis samples and thus defines the quality and value of this raw material for marketed products. Moreover, the reported data have an immediate commercial value due to the current interest in developing antioxidant nutraceuticals from Mediterranean plants, including Sardinian Myrtus communis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Maldini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni, 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mario Chessa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni, 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo L Petretto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni, 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Jonathan P Rourke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Marzia Foddai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni, 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.ale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni, 23/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Caruana M, Cauchi R, Vassallo N. Putative Role of Red Wine Polyphenols against Brain Pathology in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Front Nutr 2016; 3:31. [PMID: 27570766 PMCID: PMC4981604 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders and hence pose remarkable socio-economical burdens to both families and state. Although AD and PD have different clinical and neuropathological features, they share common molecular mechanisms that appear to be triggered by multi-factorial events, such as protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress (OS), and neuroinflammation, ultimately leading to neuronal cell death. Currently, there are no established and validated disease-modifying strategies for either AD or PD. Among the various lifestyle factors that may prevent or slow age-related neurodegenerative diseases, epidemiological studies on moderate consumption of red wine, especially as part of a holistic Mediterranean diet, have attracted increasing interest. Red wine is particularly rich in specific polyphenolic compounds that appear to affect the biological processes of AD and PD, such as quercetin, myricetin, catechins, tannins, anthocyanidins, resveratrol, and ferulic acid. Indeed, there is now a consistent body of in vitro and in vivo data on the neuroprotective effects of red wine polyphenols (RWP) showing that they do not merely possess antioxidant properties, but may additionally act upon, in a multi-target manner, the underlying key mechanisms featuring in both AD and PD. Furthermore, it is important that bioavailability issues are addressed in order for neuroprotection to be relevant in a clinical study scenario. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the major classes of RWP and places into perspective their potential to be considered as nutraceuticals to target neuropathology in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caruana
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta , Msida , Malta
| | - Ruben Cauchi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Neville Vassallo
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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de Assis SGF, de Andrade MF, Montenegro MCBSM, dos Reis BF, Paim APS. Determination of Polyphenol Content by Formation of Unstable Compound Using a Mini-Pump Multicommutation System. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hayden EY, Yamin G, Beroukhim S, Chen B, Kibalchenko M, Jiang L, Ho L, Wang J, Pasinetti GM, Teplow DB. Inhibiting amyloid β-protein assembly: Size-activity relationships among grape seed-derived polyphenols. J Neurochem 2015; 135:416-30. [PMID: 26228682 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence that red wine consumption negatively correlates with risk of Alzheimer's disease has led to experimental studies demonstrating that grape seed extracts inhibit the aggregation and oligomerization of Aβ in vitro and ameliorate neuropathology and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The active agent in the extracts is a mixed population of polyphenolic compounds. To evaluate the relative potency of each of these compounds, HPLC was used to fractionate the mixture into monomers, dimers, and oligomers. Each fraction was analyzed for its effect on Aβ conformational dynamics (circular dichroism), oligomerization (zero-length photochemical cross-linking), aggregation kinetics (Thioflavin T fluorescence), and morphology (electron microscopy). The relative activities of each fraction were determined on the basis of molar concentration (mol/L) or mass concentration (g/L). When molar concentration, the number concentration of each polyphenolic compound, was considered, the oligomer fraction was the most potent inhibitor of Aβ oligomerization and aggregation. However, when mass concentration, the number concentration of phenolic groups, was considered, monomers were the most potent inhibitors. To understand these ostensibly contradictory results, a model of polyphenol:Aβ complexation was developed. This model, which was found to be consistent with published X-ray crystallographic studies, offers an explanation for the effects of functional group polyvalency on inhibitor activity. Our data emphasize the importance of an in-depth understanding of the mechanism(s) underlying 'concentration dependence' in inhibitor systems involving polyfunctional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y Hayden
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ghiam Yamin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Neuroscience Interdepartmental Ph.D. Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shiela Beroukhim
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benson Chen
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mikhail Kibalchenko
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David B Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), and Brain Research Institute (BRI), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Phenolic and Anthocyanin Profile of Valea Calugareasca Red Wines by HPLC-PDA-MS and MALDI-TOF Analysis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Oroian M, Escriche I. Antioxidants: Characterization, natural sources, extraction and analysis. Food Res Int 2015; 74:10-36. [PMID: 28411973 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently many review papers regarding antioxidants from different sources and different extraction and quantification procedures have been published. However none of them has all the information regarding antioxidants (chemistry, sources, extraction and quantification). This article tries to take a different perspective on antioxidants for the new researcher involved in this field. Antioxidants from fruit, vegetables and beverages play an important role in human health, for example preventing cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and lowering the incidence of different diseases. In this paper the main classes of antioxidants are presented: vitamins, carotenoids and polyphenols. Recently, many analytical methodologies involving diverse instrumental techniques have been developed for the extraction, separation, identification and quantification of these compounds. Antioxidants have been quantified by different researchers using one or more of these methods: in vivo, in vitro, electrochemical, chemiluminescent, electron spin resonance, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance, near infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Oroian
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania.
| | - Isabel Escriche
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IUIAD), Food Technology Department (DTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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41
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Lv Q, Luo F, Zhao X, Liu Y, Hu G, Sun C, Li X, Chen K. Identification of proanthocyanidins from litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pulp by LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS and their antioxidant activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120480. [PMID: 25793378 PMCID: PMC4368102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Content of total proanthocyanidins as well as total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activities were evaluated for litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pulp of 32 cultivars. One cultivar, Hemaoli, showed the highest total proanthocyanidins and total phenolics, and DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging activities. ESI-MS and NMR analysis of the Hemaoli pulp crude extracts (HPCE) showed that procyandins composed of (epi)catechin unites with degree of polymerization (DP) of 2–6 were dominant proanthocyanidins in HPCE. After the HPCE was fractionated by a Sephadex LH-20 column, 32 procyanidins were identified by LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS in litchi pulp for the first time. Quantification of individual procyanidin in HPCE indicated that epicatechin, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1 and A-type procyanidin trimer were the main procyanidins. The radical scavenging activities of different fractions of HPCE as well as six procyanidins standards were evaluated by both DPPH and ABTS assays. HPCE fractions showed similar antioxidant activities with those of Vc and six individual procyanidins, the IC50 of which ranged from 1.88 ± 0.01 to 2.82 ± 0.10 μg/ml for DPPH assay, and from 1.52 ± 0.17 to 2.71 ± 0.15 μg/ml for ABTS assay. Such results indicate that litchi cultivars rich in proanthocyanidins are good resources of dietary antioxidants and have the potential to contribute to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lv
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fenglei Luo
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guibing Hu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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Shao Y, Xu F, Chen Y, Huang Y, Beta T, Bao J. Analysis of Genotype, Environment, and Their Interaction Effects on the Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacities of Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cereal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-06-14-0126-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Shao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Feifei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yaling Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods & Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou, 310029, China
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Bioassay-guided identification of bioactive molecules from traditional Chinese medicines. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1263:187-96. [PMID: 25618346 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2269-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) serve as a major source of a variety of drug lead compounds. In the process of natural products development, bioassay-guided isolation is a rapid and validated method for isolation of compounds with bioactivities. This chapter describes bioassay-guided separation and purification of compounds from the crude extracts of TCMs. Two approaches including size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are described in detail.
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Flamini R, De Rosso M, Bavaresco L. Study of Grape Polyphenols by Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF) and Suspect Screening Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:350259. [PMID: 25734021 PMCID: PMC4334975 DOI: 10.1155/2015/350259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Suspect screening analysis is a targeted metabolomics method in which the identification of compounds relies on specific available information, such as their molecular formula and isotopic pattern. This method, coupled to liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry, is effective in the study of grape metabolomics, in particular for characterization of flavonols, stilbene derivatives, and anthocyanins. For identification of compounds expected in the samples, a new database of putative compounds was expressly constructed by using the molecular information on potential metabolites of grape and wine from the literature and other electronic databases. Currently, this database contains around 1,100 compounds. The method allows identification of several hundred grape metabolites with two analyses (positive and negative ionization modes), and performing of data reprocessing using "untargeted" algorithms also provided the identification of some flavonols and resveratrol trimers and tetramers in grape for the first time. This approach can be potentially used in the study of metabolomics of varieties of other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Flamini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura (CRA-VIT), Laboratorio Chimico, Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
- *Riccardo Flamini:
| | - Mirko De Rosso
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura (CRA-VIT), Laboratorio Chimico, Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - Luigi Bavaresco
- Istituto di Frutti-Viticoltura, Università Cattolica S.C., Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Rubert J, Lacina O, Fauhl-Hassek C, Hajslova J. Metabolic fingerprinting based on high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry: a reliable tool for wine authentication? Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6791-803. [PMID: 24866710 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and an alternative technology represented by direct analysis in real time coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight MS were investigated for metabolic fingerprinting of 343 red and white wine samples. Direct injection of pure wine and an extraction procedure optimized for isolation of polyphenols were used to compare different analytical and data handling strategies. After data processing and data pretreatment, principal component analysis was initially used to explore the data structure. Initially, the unsupervised models revealed a notable clustering according to the grape varieties, and therefore supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis models were created and validated for separation of red and white wines according to the grape variety. The validated orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis models based on data (ions) recorded in positive ionization mode were able to classify correctly 95% of samples. In parallel, authentication parameters, such as origin and vintage, were evaluated, and they are discussed. A tentative identification of markers was performed using accurate mass measurement of MS and MS/MS spectra, different software packages and different online libraries. In this way, different flavonol glucosides and polyphenols were identified as wine markers according to the grape varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Rubert
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Lv Q, Si M, Yan Y, Luo F, Hu G, Wu H, Sun C, Li X, Chen K. Effects of phenolic-rich litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pulp extracts on glucose consumption in human HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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47
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Phenolic profiling of the skin, pulp and seeds of Albariño grapes using hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2014; 145:874-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Santos SA, Vilela C, Freire CS, Neto CP, Silvestre AJ. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry applied to the identification of valuable phenolic compounds from Eucalyptus wood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 938:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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50
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Advanced knowledge of three important classes of grape phenolics: anthocyanins, stilbenes and flavonols. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19651-69. [PMID: 24084717 PMCID: PMC3821578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141019651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape is qualitatively and quantitatively very rich in polyphenols. In particular, anthocyanins, flavonols and stilbene derivatives play very important roles in plant metabolism, thanks to their peculiar characteristics. Anthocyanins are responsible for the color of red grapes and wines and confer organoleptic characteristics on the wine. They are used for chemotaxonomic studies and to evaluate the polyphenolic ripening stage of grape. They are natural colorants, have antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity, exert protective effects on the human cardiovascular system, and are used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Stilbenes are vine phytoalexins present in grape berries and associated with the beneficial effects of drinking wine. The principal stilbene, resveratrol, is characterized by anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activity. Resveratrol dimers and oligomers also occur in grape, and are synthetized by the vine as active defenses against exogenous attack, or produced by extracellular enzymes released from pathogens in an attempt to eliminate undesirable toxic compounds. Flavonols are a ubiquitous class of flavonoids with photo-protection and copigmentation (together with anthocyanins) functions. The lack of expression of the enzyme flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase in white grapes restricts the presence of these compounds to quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin derivatives, whereas red grapes usually also contain myricetin, laricitrin and syringetin derivatives. In the last ten years, the technological development of analytical instrumentation, particularly mass spectrometry, has led to great improvements and further knowledge of the chemistry of these compounds. In this review, the biosynthesis and biological role of these grape polyphenols are briefly introduced, together with the latest knowledge of their chemistry.
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