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Wardhani K, Levina A, Grau GER, Lay PA. Fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic resonance contrast and radioactive tracer labelling of extracellular vesicles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6779-6829. [PMID: 38828885 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00238h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This review focusses on the significance of fluorescent, phosphorescent labelling and tracking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for unravelling their biology, pathophysiology, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Various labeling strategies, such as lipid membrane, surface protein, luminal, nucleic acid, radionuclide, quantum dot labels, and metal complex-based stains, are evaluated for visualizing and characterizing EVs. Direct labelling with fluorescent lipophilic dyes is simple but generally lacks specificity, while surface protein labelling offers selectivity but may affect EV-cell interactions. Luminal and nucleic acid labelling strategies have their own advantages and challenges. Each labelling approach has strengths and weaknesses, which require a suitable probe and technique based on research goals, but new tetranuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes as phosphorescent probes have strong phosphorescence, selective staining, and stability. Future research should prioritize the design of novel fluorescent probes and labelling platforms that can significantly enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and specificity of EV labeling, while preserving their composition and functionality. It is crucial to reduce false positive signals and explore the potential of multimodal imaging techniques to gain comprehensive insights into EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Wardhani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology (B-TEK) Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Georges E R Grau
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Teng M, Luo J, Zhang Y, Reddy VRAP, Samuel P, Yao Y, Nair V. Viral miRNA delivered by exosomes from Marek's disease virus-transformed lymphoma cell line exerts regulatory function in internalized primary chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Tumour Virus Res 2024; 18:200286. [PMID: 38914377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, research has demonstrated that viral miRNAs encoded by a number of viral genomes, particularly by most of the herpesvirus including Marek's disease virus (MDV), play important regulatory roles in viral infection, replication, and regulation of tumorigenesis. As macrovesicles in cells, exosomes can deliver viral miRNAs and exert gene regulatory functions. Whether the exosomes play a role in the replication, pathogenesis/tumorigenesis of avian herpesviruses such as oncogenic Marek's disease virus (MDV) remains unclear. Herein we extracted and identified the exosomes from MDV-transformed T cell line MSB-1 and demonstrated high abundance of MDV-1 miRNA expression. Using dual luciferase-based reporter assay, we also demonstrated that the exosomes derived from MSB-1 can deliver functional miRNA successfully into primary chicken embryo fibroblasts. These findings provide new insights into the role of exosomes and the mechanisms of how virus-encoded miRNA function in MDV latency/activation switching, viral replication, pathogenesis and/or tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Teng
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom; Institute for Animal Health & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom; Institute for Animal Health & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Vishwanatha R A P Reddy
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Lu R, Yang L, Jia S, Zhang Y, Xu X, Cao X, Sun J. Proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from fatty hepatocytes of grass carp. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38897922 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes participate in intercellular communication by carrying proteins, messenger RNA, microRNAs, and non-coding RNA. Fatty liver is a common phenomenon in farmed fish, but there has been little study of fatty hepatocytes-derived exosomes. Here, we successfully isolated exosomes from hepatocytes of grass carp, named Exos (hepatocytes-derived exosomes) and OA-Exos (fatty hepatocytes-derived exosomes), from which 617 differentially expressed proteins were identified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Of these, 320 proteins were promoted and 297 proteins were restrained, which were gathered in biological processes and cellular components (cellular processes, cells, and intracellular structures). The results of kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the differential expression proteins were gathered in "carbohydrate transport and metabolism", "translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis", "posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones", and "intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport". In addition, five differentially expressed exosomal proteins were further confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring, including 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolyase, cytochrome b5, fatty acid-binding protein domain-containing protein, metallothionein, and malate dehydrogenas, which were downregulated. These findings provided evidence that exosomes derived from fatty hepatocytes of grass carp may be biomarkers for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of fatty liver in fishery development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenzong Jia
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuru Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Li Y, Li B, Hu D, Dong Z, Lu F. Migrasomes from adipose derived stem cells enrich CXCL12 to recruit stem cells via CXCR4/RhoA for a positive feedback loop mediating soft tissue regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:219. [PMID: 38698419 PMCID: PMC11067256 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent the most advantageous choice for soft tissue regeneration. Studies proved the recruitment of ASCs post tissue injury was mediated by chemokine CXCL12, but the mechanism by which CXCL12 is generated after tissue injury remains unclear. Migrasomes are newly discovered membrane-bound organelles that could deliver CXCL12 spatially and temporally in vivo. In this study, we sought to investigate whether migrasomes participate ASC-mediated tissue regeneration. METHODS Discrepant and asymmetrical soft tissue regeneration mice model were established, in which HE staining, immunofluorescent staining, western blot and qPCR were conducted to confirm the role of CXCL12 and migrasomes in ASC-mediated tissue regeneration. Characterization of ASC-derived migrasomes were carried out by confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy as well as western blot analysis. The function and mechanism of migrasomes were further testified by assisting tissue regeneration with isolated migrasomes in vivo and by in vitro transwell combined with co-culture system. RESULTS Here, we show for the first time that migrasomes participate in soft tissue regeneration. ASCs generate migrasomes enriched with CXCL12 to mediate tissue regeneration. Migrasomes from ASCs could promote stem cells migration by activating CXCR4/RhoA signaling in vivo and in vitro. Chemoattracted ASCs facilitate regeneration, as demonstrated by the upregulation of an adipogenesis-associated protein. This positive feed-back-loop creates a favorable microenvironment for soft tissue regeneration. Thus, migrasomes represent a new therapeutic target for ASC-mediated tissue regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a previously unknown function of ASCs in mediating tissue regeneration by generating migrasomes. The ASC-derived migrasomes can restore tissue regeneration by recruiting stem cells, which highlighting the potential application of ASC-derived migrasomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Delin Hu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China.
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China.
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Yin C, Liufu C, Zhu T, Ye S, Jiang J, Wang M, Wang Y, Shi B. Bladder Cancer in Exosomal Perspective: Unraveling New Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3677-3695. [PMID: 38681092 PMCID: PMC11048230 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s458397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer, a prevalent malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract, exhibits escalating morbidity and mortality rates. Current diagnosis standards rely on invasive and costly cystoscopy and histopathology, underscoring the urgency for non-invasive, high-throughput, and cost-effective novel diagnostic techniques to ensure timely detection and standardized treatment. Recent years have witnessed the rise of exosome research in bladder cancer studies. Exosomes contain abundant bioactive molecules that can help elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying bladder cancer pathogenesis and metastasis. Exosomes hold potential as biomarkers for early bladder cancer diagnosis while also serving as targeted drug delivery vehicles to enhance treatment efficacy and mitigate adverse effects. Furthermore, exosome analyses offer insights into the complex molecular signaling networks implicated in bladder cancer progression, revealing novel therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of prevalent exosome isolation techniques and highlights the promising clinical utility of exosomes in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in bladder cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yin
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cen Liufu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ye
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bentao Shi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Graf I, Urbschat C, Arck PC. The 'communicatome' of pregnancy: spotlight on cellular and extravesicular chimerism. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:700-714. [PMID: 38467841 PMCID: PMC11018796 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Communication via biological mediators between mother and fetus are key to reproductive success and offspring's future health. The repertoire of mediators coding signals between mother and fetus is broad and includes soluble factors, membrane-bound particles and immune as well as non-immune cells. Based on the emergence of technological advancements over the last years, considerable progress has been made toward deciphering the "communicatome" between fetus and mother during pregnancy and even after birth. In this context, pregnancy-associated chimerism has sparked the attention among immunologists, since chimeric cells-although low in number-are maintained in the allogeneic host (mother or fetus) for years after birth. Other non-cellular structures of chimerism, e.g. extracellular vesicles (EVs), are increasingly recognized as modulators of pregnancy outcome and offspring's health. We here discuss the origin, distribution and function of pregnancy-acquired microchimerism and chimeric EVs in mother and offspring. We also highlight the pioneering concept of maternal microchimeric cell-derived EVs in offspring. Such insights expand the understanding of pregnancy-associated health or disease risks in mother and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Graf
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Urbschat
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C Arck
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Zhao Z, Yang S, Tang X, Feng L, Ding Z, Chen Z, Luo X, Deng R, Sheng J, Xie S, Chang K, Chen M. DNA four-way junction-driven dual-rolling circle amplification sandwich-type aptasensor for ultra-sensitive and specific detection of tumor-derived exosomes. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115841. [PMID: 38006701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to accurately quantify tumor-derived exosomes, which have emerged as promising non-invasive tumor diagnostic biomarkers. Herein, a bispecific-aptamer sandwich-type gold nanoparticle-modified electrochemical aptasensor was developed based on a four-way junction (4-WJ)-triggered dual rolling circle amplification (RCA)-assisted methylene blue (MB)/G-quadruplex strategy for extremely specific and sensitive exosome detection. This aptamer/exosome/aptamer sandwich-type design contained a CD63-specific aptamer and a cancerous mucin-1 (MUC1) protein-specific aptamer. The CD63 aptamer modified on a gold electrode captured exosomes, and then the sandwich-type aptasensor was formed with the addition of the MUC1 aptamer. The MUC1 aptamer's 3'-end sequence facilitated the formation of 4-WJ, assisted by a molecular beacon probe and a binary DNA probe. Subsequently, a dual-RCA reaction was triggered by binding to two cytosine-rich circle DNA templates at both ends of 4-WJ. Ultimately, dual-RCA products containing multiple G-quadruplex conformations were generated with the assistance of K+ to trap abundant MB indicators and amplify electrochemical signals. The aptasensor exhibited high specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and stability toward MCF-7-derived exosomes, with a detection limit of 20 particles/mL and a linear range of 1 × 102 to 1 × 107 particles/mL. Moreover, it showed excellent applicability in clinical settings to recover exosomes in normal human serum. Our aptasensor is anticipated to serve as a versatile platform for detecting various specific aptamer-based targets in biomedical and bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liu Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zishan Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ruijia Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuang Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China; College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Lee HK, Kim NE, Shin CM, Oh TJ, Yoon H, Park YS, Kim N, Won S, Lee DH. Gut microbiome signature of metabolically healthy obese individuals according to anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3449. [PMID: 38342934 PMCID: PMC10859373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the characteristics of gut microbiome in the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) patients, and how they correlate with metabolic and inflammatory profiles. A total of 120 obese people without metabolic comorbidities were recruited, and their clinical phenotypes, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were analysed. The faecal microbial markers originating from bacterial cell and extracellular vesicle (EV) were profiled using 16S rDNA sequencing. The total study population could be classified into two distinct enterotypes (enterotype I: Prevotellaceae-predominant, enterotype II: Akkermansia/Bacteroides-predominant), based on their stool EV-derived microbiome profile. When comparing the metabolic and inflammatory profiles, subjects in enterotype I had higher levels of serum IL-1β [false discovery rate (FDR) q = 0.050] and had a lower level of microbial diversity than enterotype II (Wilcoxon rank-sum test p < 0.01). Subjects in enterotype I had relatively higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotellaceae and Prevotella-derived EVs, and lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Akkermansia and Bacteroides-derived EVs (FDR q < 0.05). In conclusion, HMO patients can be categorised into two distinct enterotypes by the faecal EV-derived microbiome profile. The enterotyping may be associated with different metabolic and inflammatory profiles. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the long-term prognostic impact of EV-derived microbiome in the obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Nam-Eun Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea.
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea.
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Kandzija N, Payne S, Cooke WR, Seedat F, Fischer R, Vatish M. Protein Profiling of Placental Extracellular Vesicles in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1947. [PMID: 38396626 PMCID: PMC10887986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout pregnancy, some degree of insulin resistance is necessary to divert glucose towards the developing foetus. In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), insulin resistance is exacerbated in combination with insulin deficiency, causing new-onset maternal hyperglycaemia. The rapid reversal of insulin resistance following delivery strongly implicates the placenta in GDM pathogenesis. In this case-control study, we investigated the proteomic cargo of human syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEVs), which facilitate maternal-fetal signalling during pregnancy, in a UK-based cohort comprising patients with a gestational age of 38-40 weeks. Medium/large (m/l) and small (s) STBEVs were isolated from GDM (n = 4) and normal (n = 5) placentae using ex vivo dual-lobe perfusion and subjected to mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics were used to identify differentially carried proteins and mechanistic pathways. In m/lSTBEVs, 56 proteins were differently expressed while in sSTBEVs, no proteins reached statistical difference. Differences were also observed in the proteomic cargo between m/lSTBEVs and sSTBEVs, indicating that the two subtypes of STBEVs may have divergent modes of action and downstream effects. In silico functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins in m/lSTBEVs from GDM and normal pregnancy found positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation as the most significantly enriched biological process. This work presents the first comparison of two populations of STBEVs' protein cargos (m/l and sSTBEVs) from GDM and normal pregnancy isolated using placenta perfusion. Further investigation of differentially expressed proteins may contribute to an understanding of GDM pathogenesis and the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva Kandzija
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.K.); (S.P.); (W.R.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Sophie Payne
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.K.); (S.P.); (W.R.C.); (F.S.)
| | - William R. Cooke
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.K.); (S.P.); (W.R.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Faheem Seedat
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.K.); (S.P.); (W.R.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, UK;
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.K.); (S.P.); (W.R.C.); (F.S.)
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10
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Yu L, Zeng X, Hu X, Wen Q, Chen P. Advances and challenges in clinical applications of tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113704. [PMID: 38113751 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of substances that feature vesicle-like structures. Initially deemed to be "biological waste", recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of EVs in mediating information communication between cells by transporting bioactive components. Specifically, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) contain components that can be utilized for disease diagnosis and as vaccines to activate the immune system. Moreover, since TEVs have a phospholipid bilayer shell and can transport exogenous substances, they are being increasingly explored as drug delivery vehicles in anti-tumor therapy. TEVs have proven highly compatible with their corresponding tumor cells, allowing for efficient drug delivery and exerting killing effects on tumor cells through various mechanisms such as domino effects, lysosomal pathways, and inhibition of drug efflux from tumor tissues. Despite these promising developments, challenges remain in the clinical applications of EVs derived from tumor cells. This paper outlines the current advances and limitations in this field, highlighting the potential of TEVs as a powerful tool for combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaonan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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11
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Shi Y, Wang S, Liu D, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Li J, Xu K, Li F, Wen H, Yang R. Exosomal miR-4645-5p from hypoxic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells facilitates diabetic wound healing by restoring keratinocyte autophagy. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad058. [PMID: 38250706 PMCID: PMC10796268 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Refractory diabetic wounds are a common occurrence in patients with diabetes and epidermis-specific macroautophagy/autophagy impairment has been implicated in their pathogenesis. Therefore, identifying and developing treatment strategies capable of normalizing epidermis-specific macroautophagy/autophagy could facilitate diabetic wound healing. The study aims to investigate the potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) from hypoxic conditions as a treatment to normalize epidermis-specific autophagy for diabetic wound healing. Methods We compared the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-sourced exosomes (BMSC-Exos) from hypoxic conditions to those of BMSC in normoxic conditions (noBMSC-Exos). Our studies involved morphometric assessment of the exosomes, identification of the microRNA (miRNA) responsible for the effects, evaluation of keratinocyte functions and examination of effects of the exosomes on several molecules involved in the autophagy pathway such as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta, beclin 1, sequestosome 1, autophagy-related 5 and autophagy-related 5. The experiments used human BMSCs from the American Type Culture Collection, an in vivo mouse model of diabetes (db/db) to assess wound healing, as well as the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. In the methodology, the authors utilized an array of approaches that included electron microscopy, small interfering RNA (siRNA) studies, RNA in situ hybridization, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), the isolation, sequencing and differential expression of miRNAs, as well as the use of miR-4645-5p-specific knockdown with an inhibitor. Results Hypoxia affected the release of exosomes from hypoxic BMSCs (hy-BMSCs) and influenced the size and morphology of the exosomes. Moreover, hyBMSC-Exo treatment markedly improved keratinocyte function, including keratinocyte autophagy, proliferation and migration. miRNA microarray and bioinformatics analysis showed that the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly enriched in 'autophagy' and 'process utilizing autophagic mechanism' in the 'biological process' category and miR-4645-5p as a major contributor to the pro-autophagy effect of hyBMSC-Exos. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2) was identified as a potential target of exosomal miR-4645-5p; this was confirmed using a dual luciferase assay. Exosomal miR-4645-5p mediates the inactivation of the MAPKAPK2-induced AKT kinase group (comprising AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3), which in turn suppresses AKT-mTORC1 signaling, thereby facilitating miR-4645-5p-mediated autophagy. Conclusions Overall, the results of this study showed that hyBMSC-Exo-mediated transfer of miR-4645-5p inactivated MAPKAPK2-induced AKT-mTORC1 signaling in keratinocytes, which activated keratinocyte autophagy, proliferation and migration, resulting in diabetic wound healing in mice. Collectively, the findings could aid in the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Plastic, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Yongwaizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Yongwaizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Bayidadao Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Li
- HaploX Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Songpingshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong China
| | - Kui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Qianjiang Road, Yaohai District, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Furong Li
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affifiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Huicai Wen
- Department of Plastic, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Yongwaizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
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12
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Huang S, Lin J, Han X. Extracellular vesicles-Potential link between periodontal disease and diabetic complications. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38227219 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
It has long been suggested that a bidirectional impact exists between periodontitis and diabetes. Periodontitis may affect diabetes glycemic control, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications. Diabetes can worsen periodontitis by delaying wound healing and increasing the chance of infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous particles of membrane-enclosed spherical structure secreted by eukaryotes and prokaryotes and play a key role in a variety of diseases. This review will introduce the biogenesis, release, and biological function of EVs from a microbial and host cell perspective, discuss the functional properties of EVs in the development of periodontitis and diabetes, and explore their role in the pathogenesis and clinical application of these two diseases. Their clinical implication and diagnostic value are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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13
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Di Santo R, Niccolini B, Romanò S, Vaccaro M, Di Giacinto F, De Spirito M, Ciasca G. Advancements in Mid-Infrared spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123346. [PMID: 37774583 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid vesicles secreted by all cells into the extracellular space and act as nanosized biological messengers among cells. They carry a specific molecular cargo, composed of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, which reflects the state of their parent cells. Due to their remarkable structural and compositional heterogeneity, characterizing EVs, particularly from a biochemical perspective, presents complex challenges. In this context, mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy is emerging as a valuable tool, providing researchers with a comprehensive and label-free spectral fingerprint of EVs in terms of their specific molecular content. This review aims to provide an up-to-date critical overview of the major advancements in mid-IR spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles, encompassing both fundamental and applied research achievements. We also systematically emphasize the new possibilities offered by the integration of emerging cutting-edge IR technologies, such as tip-enhanced and surface-enhanced spectroscopy approaches, along with the growing use of machine learning for data analysis and spectral interpretation. Additionally, to assist researchers in navigating this intricate subject, our manuscript includes a wide and detailed collection of the spectral peaks that have been assigned to EV molecular constituents up to now in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Niccolini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vaccaro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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14
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Abhange K, Kitata RB, Zhang J, Wang YT, Gaffrey MJ, Liu T, Gunchick V, Khaykin V, Sahai V, Cuneo KC, Parikh ND, Shi T, Lubman DM. In-Depth Proteome Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Cancer Cell Lines and Patient Serum. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:386-396. [PMID: 38113368 PMCID: PMC10947532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion has been observed in many types of both normal and tumor cells. EVs contain a variety of distinctive cargoes, allowing tumor-derived serum proteins in EVs to act as a minimally invasive method for clinical monitoring. We have undertaken a comprehensive study of the protein content of the EVs from several cancer cell lines using direct data-independent analysis. Several thousand proteins were detected, including many classic EV markers such as CD9, CD81, CD63, TSG101, and Syndecan-1, among others. We detected many distinctive cancer-specific proteins, including several known markers used in cancer detection and monitoring. We further studied the protein content of EVs from patient serum for both normal controls and pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The EVs for these studies have been isolated by various methods for comparison, including ultracentrifugation and CD9 immunoaffinity column. Typically, 500-1000 proteins were identified, where most of them overlapped with the EV proteins identified from the cell lines studied. We were able to identify many of the cell-line EV protein markers in the serum EVs, in addition to the large numbers of proteins specific to pancreatic and HCC cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Abhange
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Reta Birhanu Kitata
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Valerie Gunchick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Valerie Khaykin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Vaibhav Sahai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kyle C Cuneo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Neehar D Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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König T, McBride HM. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles in metabolism, disease, and aging. Cell Metab 2024; 36:21-35. [PMID: 38171335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central hubs of cellular metabolism and are tightly connected to signaling pathways. The dynamic plasticity of mitochondria to fuse, divide, and contact other organelles to flux metabolites is central to their function. To ensure bona fide functionality and signaling interconnectivity, diverse molecular mechanisms evolved. An ancient and long-overlooked mechanism is the generation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) that shuttle selected mitochondrial cargoes to target organelles. Just recently, we gained significant insight into the mechanisms and functions of MDV transport, ranging from their role in mitochondrial quality control to immune signaling, thus demonstrating unexpected and diverse physiological aspects of MDV transport. This review highlights the origin of MDVs, their biogenesis, and their cargo selection, with a specific focus on the contribution of MDV transport to signaling across cell and organ barriers. Additionally, the implications of MDVs in peroxisome biogenesis, neurodegeneration, metabolism, aging, and cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim König
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Masjedi MNK, Sadroddiny E, Ai J, Balalaie S, Asgari Y. Targeted expression of a designed fusion protein containing BMP2 into the lumen of exosomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130505. [PMID: 37925035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are 30-150 nm membrane vesicles, originating from the endocytic pathway. By acting as natural carriers of biomolecules, they can transfer various materials to recipient cells. Therefore, discovering novel strategies for cargo packaging into exosomes is crucial. METHODS The fusion constructs, consisting of protein of interest (BMP2) along with the targeting motif, linkers, tracking proteins, and enzyme cleavage sites, were computationally designed. Following the homology modeling, the best structure was selected and subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and docking analyses. The fusion protein gene was expressed in the HEK-293LTV cell line. The high-efficiency transfected and transduced cells were screened and their exosomes were isolated. Finally, cell and exosome lysates were evaluated for expression of the fusion protein. RESULTS A total of 12 constructs with lengths ranging from 483 to 496 were designed. The top three templates, 1REW, 2H5Q, and 2MOF were screened. MD simulation and docking analyses of the structures revealed their stability and functionality. In the protein expression analyses, three bands at sizes of approximately 60, 25, and 12.5 kDa were observed, consistent with the sizes of the complete fusion protein, dimeric, and monomeric BMP2 protein. The presence of a 12.5 kDa band at exosome lysate analysis might suggest that it was loaded and cleaved inside exosomes. CONCLUSION In summary, these findings revealed that the proposed idea for cargo sorting within the exosome lumen through incorporating an appropriate cleavage site was effective, thus providing further insight into the potential of exosomes as nano-shuttles bearing therapeutic biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Noei-Khesht Masjedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yazdan Asgari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu L, Gao C. Comprehensive Overview the Role of Glycosylation of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47380-47392. [PMID: 38144130 PMCID: PMC10734006 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures secreted by various cells carrying diverse biomolecules. Recent advancements in EV glycosylation research have underscored their crucial role in cancer. This review provides a global overview of EV glycosylation research, covering aspects such as specialized techniques for isolating and characterizing EV glycosylation, advances on how glycosylation affects the biogenesis and uptake of EVs, and the involvement of EV glycosylation in intracellular protein expression, cellular metastasis, intercellular interactions, and potential applications in immunotherapy. Furthermore, through an extensive literature review, we explore recent advances in EV glycosylation research in the context of cancer, with a focus on lung, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, breast, ovarian, prostate, and melanoma cancers. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive update for researchers, whether they are seasoned experts in the field of EVs or newcomers, aiding them in exploring new avenues and gaining a deeper understanding of EV glycosylation mechanisms. This heightened comprehension not only enhances researchers' knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of EV glycosylation but also paves the way for innovative cancer diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wu
- Department of Clinical
Laboratory
Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese
and Western Medicine, Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Clinical
Laboratory
Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese
and Western Medicine, Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
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18
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Wu J, Liu G, Jia R, Guo J. Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: Biomarkers and Beyond in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17328. [PMID: 38139157 PMCID: PMC10743646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, as bioactive molecules, have been extensively studied. There are abundant studies in the literature on their biogenesis, secretion, structure, and content, and their roles in pathophysiological processes. Extracellular vesicles have been reviewed as biomarkers for use in diagnostic tools. Saliva contains many extracellular vesicles, and compared with other body fluids, it is easier to obtain in a non-invasive way, making its acquisition more easily accepted by patients. In recent years, there have been numerous new studies investigating the role of salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers. These studies have significant implications for future clinical diagnosis. Therefore, in this paper, we summarize and review the potential applications of salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers, and we also describe their other functions (e.g., hemostasis, innate immune defense) in both oral and non-oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Gege Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Rong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Jihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Didamoony MA, Soubh AA, Atwa AM, Ahmed LA. Innovative preconditioning strategies for improving the therapeutic efficacy of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells in gastrointestinal diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2973-2993. [PMID: 37874430 PMCID: PMC10692273 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have become a global health issue and an economic burden due to their wide distribution, late prognosis, and the inefficacy of recent available medications. Therefore, it is crucial to search for new strategies for their management. In the recent decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has attracted attention as a viable option for treating a myriad of GI disorders such as hepatic fibrosis (HF), ulcerative colitis (UC), acute liver injury (ALI), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to their regenerative and paracrine properties. Importantly, recent studies have shown that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are responsible for most of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. In addition, EVs have revealed several benefits over their parent MSCs, such as being less immunogenic, having a lower risk of tumour formation, being able to cross biological barriers, and being easier to store. MSC-EVs exhibited regenerative, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic effects in different experimental models of GI diseases. However, a key issue with their clinical application is the maintenance of their stability and efficacy following in vivo transplantation. Preconditioning of MSC-EVs or their parent cells is one of the novel methods used to improve their effectiveness and stability. Herein, we discuss the application of MSC-EVs in several GI disorders taking into account their mechanism of action. We also summarise the challenges and restrictions that need to be overcome to promote their clinical application in the treatment of various GI diseases as well as the recent developments to improve their effectiveness. A representation of the innovative preconditioning techniques that have been suggested for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in GI diseases. The pathological conditions in various GI disorders (ALI, UC, HF and NAFLD) create a harsh environment for EVs and their parents, increasing the risk of apoptosis and senescence of MSCs and thereby diminishing MSC-EVs yield and restricting their large-scale applications. Preconditioning with pharmacological agents or biological mediators can improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs through their adaption to the lethal environment to which they are subjected. This can result in establishment of a more conducive environment and activation of numerous vital trajectories that act to improve the immunomodulatory, reparative and regenerative activities of the derived EVs, as a part of MSCs paracrine system. ALI, acute liver injury; GI diseases, gastrointestinal diseases; HF, hepatic fibrosis; HSP, heat shock protein; miRNA, microRNA; mRNA, messenger RNA; MSC-EVs, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Didamoony
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ayman A Soubh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Ahram Canadian University, 4th Industrial Zone, Banks Complex, 6th of October City, Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Xu X, Wu T, Lin R, Zhu S, Ji J, Jin D, Huang M, Zheng W, Ni W, Jiang F, Xuan S, Xiao M. Differences between migrasome, a 'new organelle', and exosome. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3672-3680. [PMID: 37665060 PMCID: PMC10718147 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The migrasome is a new organelle discovered by Professor Yu Li in 2015. When cells migrate, the membranous organelles that appear at the end of the retraction fibres are migrasomes. With the migration of cells, the retraction fibres which connect migrasomes and cells finally break. The migrasomes detach from the cell and are released into the extracellular space or directly absorbed by the recipient cell. The cytoplasmic contents are first transported to the migrasome and then released from the cell through the migrasome. This release mechanism, which depends on cell migration, is named 'migracytosis'. The main components of the migrasome are extracellular vesicles after they leave the cell, which are easy to remind people of the current hot topic of exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles wrapped by the lipid bimolecular layer. With extensive research, exosomes have solved many disease problems. This review summarizes the differences between migrasomes and exosomes in size, composition, property and function, extraction method and regulation mechanism for generation and release. At the same time, it also prospects for the current hotspot of migrasomes, hoping to provide literature support for further research on the generation and release mechanism of migrasomes and their clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Renjie Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Shengze Zhu
- Medical School of Nantong University oral medcine192NantongChina
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Dandan Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Mengxiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Wenkai Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Shihai Xuan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryAffiliated Dongtai Hospital of Nantong UniversityDongtaiChina
| | - Mingbing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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21
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Wang L, Zhang H, Xiao X, Wang S, Zhao RC. Small Extracellular Vesicles Maintain Homeostasis of Senescent Mesenchymal Stem Cells at Least Through Excreting Harmful Lipids. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:565-579. [PMID: 37262010 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an essential role in multiple physiological processes in vivo and a promising cell-based therapy for various diseases. Nonetheless, MSCs suffer from senescence with expansion culture, leading to a limitation for their clinical application. Recently, it was reported that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are involved in regulation of senescence in tumor cells and fibroblasts. However, the biological roles of sEVs in senescent MSCs (Sen MSCs) are poorly understood. In this study, we established a replicative senescence model of MSCs by successive passages and compared the phenotypic changes between presenescent MSCs (Pre-Sen MSCs) and Sen MSCs and found that Sen MSCs exhibited a diminished adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential and elevated senescence-associated secretory phenotype levels. In addition, we found that sEV secretion was increased in Sen MSCs, and inhibition of sEV secretion led to apoptosis, DNA damage, and decreased cell viability, suggesting that increased sEV secretion plays an important role in maintaining Sen MSC homeostasis. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms, metabolomic profiling of Pre-Sen MSC-derived sEVs (Pre-Sen-sEVs) and Sen MSC-derived sEVs (Sen-sEVs) was performed. The results showed that lipid metabolites were significantly increased in Sen-sEVs and these significantly upregulated lipid metabolites were shown to be toxic for inducing cellular senescence and apoptosis in previous studies. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed enrichment of differential metabolites between Pre-Sen-sEVs and Sen-sEVs mainly in 25 signaling pathways, of which 21 metabolic pathways have been shown to be closely associated with senescence. Taken together, our findings suggested that increased sEV secretion maintains Sen MSC homeostasis, at least in part, by excreting harmful lipids, thus providing new insights into the regulation of senescence by sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College; Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College; Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College; Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College; Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College; Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Huang L, Liang L, Ji Z, Chen S, Liu M, Huang Q, Huang Z, Sun S, Ding J, Chen J, Huang X, Zheng S, Deng W, Huang Y, Li T. Proteomics profiling of CD4 + T-cell-derived exosomes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110560. [PMID: 37423153 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study profiled the CD4 + T-cell-derived exosomes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using proteomics. METHODS Proteomic analysis of CD4 + T-cell-derived exosomes was performed by tandem mass tags (TMT) combined with LC-MS/MS. We validated the most significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins using ELISA and WB. RESULTS The proteomic results showed that there were 3 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 31 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in the RA group. The results indicated that dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3 (DPYSL3) was significantly upregulated in CD4 + T-cell-derived exosomes, whereas proteasome activator complex subunit 1 (PSME1) was significantly downregulated in the RA group. Bioinformatics analysis showed that proteins were enriched in "positive regulation of gene expression", "antigen processing and presentation", "acute-phase response" and "PI3K-AKT signaling" pathways. ELISA verified that compared to the control group, the RA group showed significant upregulation of DPYSL3, and downregulation of PSME1 in CD4 + T-cell-derived exosomes. CONCLUSIONS The proteomic analysis results of CD4 + T-cell-derived exosomes from patients with RA suggest that these differentially expressed proteins may be involved in RA pathogenesis. DPYSL3 and PSME1 may become useful biomarkers for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuyi Ji
- The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qidang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanmiao Sun
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuechan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoling Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yukai Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tianwang Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhaoqing Central People's Hospital, Zhaoqing, China; The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Liu C, Liu D, Wang S, Gan L, Yang X, Ma C. Identification of the SNARE complex that mediates the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane in exosome secretion. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12356. [PMID: 37700095 PMCID: PMC10497535 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play crucial roles in local and distant cellular communication and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Tumour-derived exosomes are pivotal to tumorigenesis, but the precise mechanisms underlying their secretion remain elusive. In particular, the SNARE proteins that mediate the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane (PM) in tumour cells are subject to debate. In this study, we identified syntaxin-4, SNAP-23, and VAMP-7 as the SNAREs responsible for exosome secretion in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and found that a SNARE complex consisting of these SNAREs can drive membrane fusion in vitro. Deletion of any of these SNAREs in MCF-7 cells did not affect MVB biogenesis and transportation, indicating their specific involvement in MVB-PM fusion. In addition, syntaxin-4, SNAP-23, and VAMP-7 play equivalent roles in exosome secretion in both HeLa cervical cancer cells and A375 melanoma cells, suggesting their conserved function in exosome secretion. Furthermore, deletion of VAMP-7 in 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells efficiently inhibited exosome secretion and led to significant attenuation of tumour growth and lung metastasis in mouse models, implying that VAMP-7 may hold promise as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia MedicaHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia MedicaHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia MedicaHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia MedicaHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for NanotechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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24
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Li C, Hu Y. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Cell-Free Therapy for Intrauterine Adhesion. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:260-268. [PMID: 37385632 PMCID: PMC10465336 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) can occur after trauma to the basal layer of the endometrium, contributing to severe complications in females, such as infertility and amenorrhea. To date, the proposed therapeutic strategies are targeted to relieve IUA, such as hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, Foley catheter balloon, and hyaluronic acid injection have been applied in the clinic. However, these approaches showed limited effects in alleviating endometrial fibrosis and thin endometrium. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can offer the potential for endometrium regeneration owing to reduce inflammation and release growth factors. On this basis, MSCs have been proposed as promising methods to treat intrauterine adhesion. However, due to the drawbacks of cell therapy, the possible therapeutic use of extracellular vesicles released by stem cells is raising increasing interest. The paracrine effect, mediated by MSCs derived extracellular vehicles (MSC-EVs), has recently been suggested as a mechanism for their therapeutic properties. Here, we summarizes the main pathological mechanisms involved in intrauterine adhesion, the biogenesis and characteristics of extracellular vesicles, explaining how these vesicles could provide new opportunities for MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjing Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
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25
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Bucci C, Leeuwenburgh C, Marzetti E. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles in skeletal muscle remodeling and adaptation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:37-45. [PMID: 35367122 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial remodeling is crucial to meet the bioenergetic demand to support muscle contractile activity during daily tasks and muscle regeneration following injury. A set of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy, are in place to maintain a well-functioning mitochondrial network and support muscle regeneration. Alterations in any of these pathways compromises mitochondrial quality and may potentially lead to impaired myogenesis, defective muscle regeneration, and ultimately loss of muscle function. Among MQC processes, mitophagy has gained special attention for its implication in the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria via crosstalk with the endo-lysosomal system, a major cell degradative route. Along this pathway, additional opportunities for mitochondrial disposal have been identified that may also signal at the systemic level. This communication occurs via inclusion of mitochondrial components within membranous shuttles named mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs). Here, we discuss MDV generation and release as a mitophagy-complementing route for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis in skeletal myocytes. We also illustrate the possible role of muscle-derived MDVs in immune signaling during muscle remodeling and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Rome, Italy.
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26
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Shchegolev YY, Sorokin DV, Scherbakov AM, Andreeva OE, Salnikova DI, Mikhaevich EI, Gudkova MV, Krasil’nikov MA. Exosomes are involved in the intercellular transfer of rapamycin resistance in the breast cancer cells. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:313-321. [PMID: 37645026 PMCID: PMC10460766 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Resistance to chemotherapy and/or irradiation remains one of the key features of malignant tumors, which largely limits the efficiency of antitumor therapy. In this work, we studied the progression mechanism of breast cancer cell resistance to target drugs, including mTOR blockers, and in particular, we studied the exosome function in intercellular resistance transfer. Methods The cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay, exosomes were purified by successive centrifugations, immunoblotting was used to evaluate protein expression, AP-1 activity was analyzed using reporter assay. Results In experiments on the MCF-7 cell line (breast cancer) and the MCF-7/Rap subline that is resistant to rapamycin, the capability of resistant cell exosomes to trigger a similar rapamycin resistance in the parent MCF-7 cells was demonstrated. Exosome-induced resistance reproduces the changes revealed in MCF-7/Rap resistant cells, including the activation of ERK/AP-1 signaling, and it remains for a long time, for at least several months, after exosome withdrawal. We have shown that both the MCF-7 subline resistant to rapamycin and cells having exosome-triggered resistance demonstrate a stable decrease in the expression of DNMT3A, the key enzyme responsible for DNA methylation. Knockdown of DNMT3A in MCF-7 cells by siRNA leads to partial cell resistance to rapamycin; thus, the DNMT3A suppression is regarded as one of the necessary elements for the development of acquired rapamycin resistance. Conclusion We propose that DNA demethylation followed by increased expression of key genes may be one of the factors responsible for the progression and maintenance of the resistant cell phenotype that includes exosome-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yu. Shchegolev
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Danila V. Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Olga E. Andreeva
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Diana I. Salnikova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Mikhaevich
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Margarita V. Gudkova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Krasil’nikov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
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27
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He S, Liang J, Xue G, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Hao X, Wei Y, Chen X, Wang H, Kang S, Wang R, Zhao Y, Ye X. RNA profiling of sEV (small extracellular vesicles)/exosomes reveals biomarkers and vascular endothelial dysplasia with moyamoya disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1194-1205. [PMID: 36883376 PMCID: PMC10291455 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231162184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The association of exosomal RNA profiling and pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD) and intracranial Atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is unknown. In this study, we investigated the RNA profiles of sEV (small extracellular vesicles)/exosomes in patients with MMD and ICAD. Whole blood samples were collected from 30 individuals, including 10 patients with MMD, 10 patients with ICAD, and 10 healthy individuals. Whole transcriptome analysis was performed using the GeneChip WT Pico Reagent kit. Transcriptional correlation was verified using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The association between functional dysregulation and candidate RNAs was studied in vitro. In total, 1,486 downregulated and 2,405 upregulated RNAs differed significantly between patients with MMD and healthy controls. Differential expression of six circRNAs was detected using qPCR. Among these significantly differentially expressed RNAs, IPO11 and PRMT1 circRNAs were upregulated, whereas CACNA1F circRNA was downregulated. This is the first study showing that the differential expression of exosomal RNAs associated with MMD pathogenesis, such as overexpression of IPO11 and PRMT1 circRNAs, may be related to angiogenesis in MMD. The downregulation of CACNA1F circRNA may be related to vascular occlusion. These results propose the utility of exosomal RNAs as biological markers in MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guifeng Xue
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokuan Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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28
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Chen N, Wang YL, Sun HF, Wang ZY, Zhang Q, Fan FY, Ma YC, Liu FX, Zhang YK. Potential regulatory effects of stem cell exosomes on inflammatory response in ischemic stroke treatment. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:561-575. [PMID: 37424949 PMCID: PMC10324506 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i6.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence and disability rates of stroke pose a heavy burden on society. Inflammation is a significant pathological reaction that occurs after an ischemic stroke. Currently, therapeutic methods, except for intravenous thrombolysis and vascular thrombectomy, have limited time windows. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate, differentiate, and inhibit inflammatory immune responses. Exosomes (Exos), which are secretory vesicles, have the characteristics of the cells from which they are derived, making them attractive targets for research in recent years. MSC-derived exosomes can attenuate the inflammatory response caused by cerebral stroke by modulating damage-associated molecular patterns. In this review, research on the inflammatory response mechanisms associated with Exos therapy after an ischemic injury is discussed to provide a new approach to clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Fang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Fei-Yan Fan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Ma
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yun-Ke Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan Province, China
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29
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Levy-Myers R, Daudelin D, Na CH, Sockanathan S. An independent regulator of global release pathways in astrocytes generates a subtype of extracellular vesicles required for postsynaptic function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2067. [PMID: 37352348 PMCID: PMC10289663 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous in size, composition, and function. We show that the six-transmembrane protein glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3) regulates actin remodeling, a global EV biogenic pathway, to release an EV subtype with distinct functions. GDE3 is necessary and sufficient for releasing EVs containing annexin A1 and GDE3 from the plasma membrane via Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3 (WAVE3), a major regulator of actin dynamics. GDE3 is expressed in astrocytes but not neurons, yet mice lacking GDE3 [Gde3 knockout (KO)] have decreased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) amplitudes in hippocampal CA1 neurons. EVs from cultured wild-type astrocytes restore mEPSC amplitudes in Gde3 KOs, while EVs from Gde3 KO astrocytes or astrocytes inhibited for WAVE3 actin branching activity do not. Thus, GDE3-WAVE3 is a nonredundant astrocytic pathway that remodels actin to release a functionally distinct EV subtype, supporting the concept that independent regulation of global EV release pathways differentially regulates EV signaling within the cellular EV landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Levy-Myers
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, PCTB1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel Daudelin
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, PCTB1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 706, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shanthini Sockanathan
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, PCTB1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Neuber S, Ermer MR, Emmert MY, Nazari-Shafti TZ. Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis with Extracellular Vesicles: What Is Missing for Clinical Translation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10480. [PMID: 37445658 PMCID: PMC10342089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and currently affects more than 60 million people worldwide. A key feature in the pathogenesis of almost all forms of heart failure is cardiac fibrosis, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the heart. Although cardiac fibrosis is beneficial in the short term after acute myocardial injury to preserve the structural and functional integrity of the heart, persistent cardiac fibrosis contributes to pathological cardiac remodeling, leading to mechanical and electrical dysfunction of the heart. Despite its high prevalence, standard therapies specifically targeting cardiac fibrosis are not yet available. Cell-based approaches have been extensively studied as potential treatments for cardiac fibrosis, but several challenges have been identified during clinical translation. The observation that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem and progenitor cells exhibit some of the therapeutic effects of the parent cells has paved the way to overcome limitations associated with cell therapy. However, to make EV-based products a reality, standardized methods for EV production, isolation, characterization, and storage must be established, along with concrete evidence of their safety and efficacy in clinical trials. This article discusses EVs as novel therapeutics for cardiac fibrosis from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam R. Ermer
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Chen Q, Ma B, Xu M, Xu H, Yan Z, Wang F, Wang Y, Huang Z, Yin S, Zhao Y, Wang L, Wu H, Liu X. Comparative proteomics study of exosomes in Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum. Microb Pathog 2023:106174. [PMID: 37244489 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles released by bacteria and contain diverse biomolecules. In this study, we isolated exosomes from Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum, which are both serious pathogens in mariculture, using a supercentrifugation method, and the proteins in the exosomes of these two vibrios were analyzed by LC-MS/MS proteomics. Exosome proteins released by V. harveyi and V. anguillarum were different; they not only contained virulence factors (such as lipase and phospholipase in V. harveyi, metalloprotease and hemolysin in V. anguillarum), but also participated in the important life activities of bacteria (such as fatty acid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of antibiotics, carbon metabolism). Subsequently, to verify whether the exosomes participated in bacterial toxicity, after Ruditapes philippinarum was challenged with V. harveyi and V. anguillarum, the corresponding genes of virulence factors from exosomes screened by proteomics were tested by quantitative real-time PCR. All the genes detected were upregulated which suggested that exosomes were involved in vibrio toxicity. The results could provide an effective proteome database for decoding the pathogenic mechanism of vibrios from the exosome perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Bangguo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Huiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Zimiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Shuchang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yancui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
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Lopes D, Lopes J, Pereira-Silva M, Peixoto D, Rabiee N, Veiga F, Moradi O, Guo ZH, Wang XD, Conde J, Makvandi P, Paiva-Santos AC. Bioengineered exosomal-membrane-camouflaged abiotic nanocarriers: neurodegenerative diseases, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:19. [PMID: 37101293 PMCID: PMC10134679 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes, such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes. This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials with improved interfacial properties, superior cell targeting, immune evasion potential, and prolonged duration of systemic circulation. Here, we summarize recent advances in the production and application of exosomal membrane-coated nanomaterials. The structure, properties, and manner in which exosomes communicate with cells are first reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of the types of exosomes and their fabrication methods. We then discuss the applications of biomimetic exosomes and membrane-cloaked nanocarriers in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, imaging, and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we appraise the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomimetic exosomal membrane-surface-engineered nanovehicles and evaluate the future of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pereira-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Peixoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Omid Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 374-37515, Iran
| | - Zhan-Hu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - João Conde
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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De Vallée A, Dupuy JW, Moriscot C, Gallet B, Vanderperre S, Guignard G, Rascle C, Calvar G, Malbert B, Gillet FX, Dieryckx C, Choquer M, Girard V, Poussereau N, Bruel C. Extracellular Vesicles of the Plant Pathogen Botrytis cinerea. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040495. [PMID: 37108947 PMCID: PMC10146736 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal secretomes are known to contain a multitude of components involved in nutrition, cell growth or biotic interactions. Recently, extra-cellular vesicles have been identified in a few fungal species. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach to identify and characterize extracellular vesicles produced by the plant necrotroph Botrytis cinerea. Transmission electron microscopy of infectious hyphae and hyphae grown in vitro revealed extracellular vesicles of various sizes and densities. Electron tomography showed the co-existence of ovoid and tubular vesicles and pointed to their release via the fusion of multi-vesicular bodies with the cell plasma membrane. The isolation of these vesicles and exploration of their protein content using mass spectrometry led to the identification of soluble and membrane proteins involved in transport, metabolism, cell wall synthesis and remodeling, proteostasis, oxidoreduction and traffic. Confocal microscopy highlighted the capacity of fluorescently labeled vesicles to target cells of B. cinerea, cells of the fungus Fusarium graminearum, and onion epidermal cells but not yeast cells. In addition, a specific positive effect of these vesicles on the growth of B. cinerea was quantified. Altogether, this study broadens our view on the secretion capacity of B. cinerea and its cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie De Vallée
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Benoit Gallet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Solène Vanderperre
- Centre Technologique des Microstructures, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gaëtan Guignard
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Rascle
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Glen Calvar
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bastien Malbert
- Bayer SAS, Crop Science Division Centre de Recherche La Dargoire, 69009 Lyon, France
| | | | - Cindy Dieryckx
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathias Choquer
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Girard
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Christophe Bruel
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Natalia A, Zhang L, Sundah NR, Zhang Y, Shao H. Analytical device miniaturization for the detection of circulating biomarkers. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-18. [PMID: 37359772 PMCID: PMC10064972 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Diverse (sub)cellular materials are secreted by cells into the systemic circulation at different stages of disease progression. These circulating biomarkers include whole cells, such as circulating tumour cells, subcellular extracellular vesicles and cell-free factors such as DNA, RNA and proteins. The biophysical and biomolecular state of circulating biomarkers carry a rich repertoire of molecular information that can be captured in the form of liquid biopsies for disease detection and monitoring. In this Review, we discuss miniaturized platforms that allow the minimally invasive and rapid detection and analysis of circulating biomarkers, accounting for their differences in size, concentration and molecular composition. We examine differently scaled materials and devices that can enrich, measure and analyse specific circulating biomarkers, outlining their distinct detection challenges. Finally, we highlight emerging opportunities in biomarker and device integration and provide key future milestones for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noah R. Sundah
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Jalaludin I, Lubman DM, Kim J. A guide to mass spectrometric analysis of extracellular vesicle proteins for biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:844-872. [PMID: 34747512 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (small extracellular vesicles) in living organisms play an important role in processes such as cell proliferation or intercellular communication. Recently, exosomes have been extensively investigated for biomarker discoveries for various diseases. An important aspect of exosome analysis involves the development of enrichment methods that have been introduced for successful isolation of exosomes. These methods include ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, polyethylene glycol-based precipitation, immunoaffinity-based enrichment, ultrafiltration, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation among others. To confirm the presence of exosomes, various characterization methods have been utilized such as Western blot analysis, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, optical methods, zeta potential, visual inspection, and mass spectrometry. Recent advances in high-resolution separations, high-performance mass spectrometry and comprehensive proteome databases have all contributed to the successful analysis of exosomes from patient samples. Herein we review various exosome enrichment methods, characterization methods, and recent trends of exosome investigations using mass spectrometry-based approaches for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Physicochemical properties of intact fungal cell wall determine vesicles release and nanoparticles internalization. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13834. [PMID: 36873462 PMCID: PMC9981904 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous microscopic observations on the wet mount of cultured Candida yeast showed release of large extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contained intracellular bacteria (∼500-5000 nm). We used Candida tropicalis, to examine the internalization of nanoparticles (NPs) with different properties to find out whether the size and flexibility of both EVs and cell wall pores play role in transport of large particles across the cell wall. Candida tropicalis was cultured in N-acetylglucoseamine-yeast extract broth (NYB) and examined for release of EVs every 12 h by the light microscope. The yeast was also cultured in NYB supplemented with of 0.1%, 0.01% of Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled NPs; gold (0.508 mM/L and 0.051 mM/L) (45, 70 and 100 nm), albumin (0.0015 mM/L and 0.015 mM/L) (100 nm) and Fluospheres (0.2 and 0.02%) (1000 and 2000 nm). Internalization of NPs was recorded with fluorescence microscope after 30 s to 120 min. Release of EVs mostly occurred at 36 h and concentration of 0.1% was the best for internalization of NPs that occurred at 30 s after treatment. Positively charged 45 nm NPs internalized into >90% of yeasts but 100 nm gold NPs destroyed them. However, 70 nm gold and 100 nm negatively-charged albumin were internalized into <10% of yeasts without destroying them. Inert Fluospheres either remained intact on the surface of yeasts or became degraded and internalized into ∼100% of yeasts. Release of large EVs from the yeast but internalization of 45 nm NPs indicated that flexibility of EVs and cell wall pores as well as physicochemical properties of NPs determine transport across the cell wall.
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Barranco I, Sanchez-López CM, Bucci D, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Marcilla A, Roca J. The Proteome of Large or Small Extracellular Vesicles in Pig Seminal Plasma Differs, Defining Sources and Biological Functions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100514. [PMID: 36796643 PMCID: PMC10017305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma contains many morphologically heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These are sequentially released by cells of the testis, epididymis, and accessory sex glands and involved in male and female reproductive processes. This study aimed to define in depth sEV subsets isolated by ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography, decode their proteomic profiles using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and quantify identified proteins using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra. The sEV subsets were defined as large (L-EVs) or small (S-EVs) by their protein concentration, morphology, size distribution, and EV-specific protein markers and purity. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified a total of 1034 proteins, 737 of them quantified by SWATH in S-EVs, L-EVs, and non-EVs-enriched samples (18-20 size exclusion chromatography-eluted fractions). The differential expression analysis revealed 197 differentially abundant proteins between both EV subsets, S-EVs and L-EVs, and 37 and 199 between S-EVs and L-EVs versus non-EVs-enriched samples, respectively. The gene ontology enrichment analysis of differentially abundant proteins suggested, based on the type of protein detected, that S-EVs could be mainly released through an apocrine blebbing pathway and be involved in modulating the immune environment of the female reproductive tract as well as during sperm-oocyte interaction. In contrast, L-EVs could be released by fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane becoming involved in sperm physiological processes, such as capacitation and avoidance of oxidative stress. In conclusion, this study provides a procedure capable of isolating subsets of EVs from pig seminal plasma with a high degree of purity and shows differences in the proteomic profile between EV subsets, indicating different sources and biological functions for the sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barranco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian M Sanchez-López
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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38
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CAR-T-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Development of CAR-T Anti-Tumor Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041052. [PMID: 36831396 PMCID: PMC9954490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous population of plasma membrane-surrounded particles that are released in the extracellular milieu by almost all types of living cells. EVs are key players in intercellular crosstalk, both locally and systemically, given that they deliver their cargoes (consisting of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, miRNAs, and DNA fragments) to target cells, crossing biological barriers. Those mechanisms further trigger a wide range of biological responses. Interestingly, EV phenotypes and cargoes and, therefore, their functions, stem from their specific parental cells. For these reasons, EVs have been proposed as promising candidates for EV-based, cell-free therapies. One of the new frontiers of cell-based immunotherapy for the fight against refractory neoplastic diseases is represented by genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) lymphocytes, which in recent years have demonstrated their effectiveness by reaching commercialization and clinical application for some neoplastic diseases. CAR-T-derived EVs represent a recent promising development of CAR-T immunotherapy approaches. This crosscutting innovative strategy is designed to exploit the advantages of genetically engineered cell-based immunotherapy together with those of cell-free EVs, which in principle might be safer and more efficient in crossing biological and tumor-associated barriers. In this review, we underlined the potential of CAR-T-derived EVs as therapeutic agents in tumors.
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39
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Heo M, Park YS, Yoon H, Kim NE, Kim K, Shin CM, Kim N, Lee DH. Potential of Gut Microbe-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Differentiate Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients from Healthy Controls. Gut Liver 2023; 17:108-118. [PMID: 36424722 PMCID: PMC9840915 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the stool microbiome and gut microbe-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to differentiate between patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy controls, and to predict relapse in patients with IBD. Methods Metagenomic profiling of the microbiome and bacterial EVs in stool samples of controls (n=110) and patients with IBD (n=110) was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing and then compared. Patients with IBD were divided into two enterotypes based on their microbiome, and the cumulative risk of relapse was evaluated. Results There was a significant difference in the composition of the stool microbiome and gut microbe-derived EVs between patients with IBD and controls. The alpha diversity of the microbiome in patients with IBD was significantly lower than that in controls, while the beta diversity also differed significantly between the two groups. These findings were more prominent in gut microbe-derived EVs than in the stool microbiome. The survival curve tended to be different for enterotypes based on the gut microbe-derived EVs; however, this difference was not statistically significant (log-rank test, p=0.166). In the multivariable analysis, elevated fecal calprotectin (>250 mg/kg) was the only significant risk factor associated with relapse (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.147; 95% confidence interval, 1.545 to 6.408; p=0.002). Conclusions Analysis of gut microbe-derived EVs is better at differentiating patients with IBD from healthy controls than stool microbiome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding AuthorHyuk Yoon, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-0349, E-mail
| | - Nam-Eun Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangjin Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Alejandre Gonzalez AG, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Solorzano-Ibarra F, Gutierrez-Franco J, Tellez-Bañuelos MC, Bueno-Topete MR, Del Toro-Arreola S, Haramati J. A Modified Method for the Quantification of Immune Checkpoint Ligands on Exosomes from Human Serum using Flow Cytometry. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338221150324. [PMID: 37186801 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221150324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Exosomes are the smallest of the extracellular vesicles and can contain a variety of different cargos, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. Ultracentrifugation followed by electron microscopy has historically been used for the isolation and visualization of exosomes; Western blot and ELISA have also been used, but these techniques are only semiquantitative and are unable to distinguish different exosome markers in the same sample. To resolve some of these issues, we propose a modification of a bead-based flow cytometry method. Methods: Peripheral blood serum was mixed with a commercial exosome separation reagent and incubated for 30 min at 4°, centrifuged, exosome pellet was isolated and resuspended in PBS. Exosomes were then added to magnetic beads, incubated 18 h, then incubated with exosome-specific antibodies for 1 h. The resulting bead:exosome complexes were centrifuged and then washed, then washed again using a magnetic separator, resuspended in PBS, and analyzed via flow cytometry. Results: Using commercial magnetic beads bound with anti-CD63, our protocol modifies starting conditions, washing steps, and magnetic separation and uses the FSC and SSC determination of the flow cytometer to result in increased yield and identification of the exosome populations of interest. Our modified protocol increased the yield of specific populations approximately 10-fold. Conclusion: The new protocol was used to identify exosomes positive for 2 immune checkpoint ligands in serum-derived exosomes from cervical cancer patients. We suspect that this protocol can also be used for the identification of other exosome proteins since we also quantified the exosome membrane-enriched tetraspanins CD9 and CD81. Identification of proteins rarely expressed in exosomes is complicated in this technique as serum is an inherently dirty source of exosomes, and great care must be taken in the washing and gating of the exosome:bead populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Guillermo Alejandre Gonzalez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas orientación Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), División de Inmunología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, México
| | - Fabiola Solorzano-Ibarra
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jorge Gutierrez-Franco
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Martha Cecilia Tellez-Bañuelos
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiologia, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Miriam Ruth Bueno-Topete
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Susana Del Toro-Arreola
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jesse Haramati
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiologia, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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41
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Yoon H, Kim NE, Park J, Shin CM, Kim N, Lee DH, Park JY, Choi CH, Kim JG, Park YS. Analysis of the gut microbiome using extracellular vesicles in the urine of patients with colorectal cancer. Korean J Intern Med 2023; 38:27-38. [PMID: 36353788 PMCID: PMC9816683 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2022.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We evaluated the gut microbiome using extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the urine of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) to determine whether gut-microbe-derived EVs could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC. METHODS EVs were isolated from the urine of patients with CRC and healthy controls. DNA was extracted from the EVs, and the bacterial composition was analyzed using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA. RESULTS A total of 91 patients with CRC and 116 healthy controls were enrolled. We found some specific microbiomes that were more or less abundant in the CRC group than in the control group. The alpha-diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly lower in the CRC group than in the control group. A significant difference was observed in the beta-diversity between the groups. The alpha-diversity indices between patients with early- and late-stage CRC showed conflicting results; however, there was no significant difference in the beta-diversity according to the stage of CRC. There was no difference in the alpha- and beta-diversity of the gut microbiome corresponding to the location of CRC (proximal vs. distal). CONCLUSION A distinct gut microbiome is reflected in the urine EVs of patients with CRC compared with that in the healthy controls. Microbial signatures from EVs in urine could serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Nam-Eun Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam,
Korea
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42
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Feng L, Guo L, Tanaka Y, Su L. Tumor-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Involved in Breast Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315236. [PMID: 36499561 PMCID: PMC9736664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most serious and terrifying threats to the health of women. Recent studies have demonstrated that interaction among cancer cells themselves and those with other cells, including immune cells, in a tumor microenvironment potentially and intrinsically regulate and determine cancer progression and metastasis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a type of lipid-bilayer particles derived from cells, with a size of less than 200 nm, are recognized as one form of important mediators in cell-to-cell communication. sEVs can transport a variety of bioactive substances, including proteins, RNAs, and lipids. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sEVs play a crucial role in cancer development and progression, with a significant impact on proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, sEVs systematically coordinate physiological and pathological processes, such as coagulation, vascular leakage, and stromal cell reprogramming, to bring about premetastatic niche formation and to determine metastatic organ tropism. There are a variety of oncogenic factors in tumor-derived sEVs that mediate cellular communication between local stromal cells and distal microenvironment, both of which are important in cancer progression and metastasis. Tumor-derived sEVs contain substances that are similar to parental tumor cells, and as such, sEVs could be biomarkers in cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets, particularly for predicting and preventing future metastatic development. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the regulation by tumor-derived sEVs on cancer development and progression, including proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunosuppression, which coordinately shape the pro-metastatic microenvironment. In addition, we describe the application of sEVs to the development of cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic modalities and discuss how they can be engineered and translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (L.S.); Tel.: +81-95-819-7063 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2024 (L.S.); Fax: +81-95-819-2189 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2072 (L.S.)
| | - Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (L.S.); Tel.: +81-95-819-7063 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2024 (L.S.); Fax: +81-95-819-2189 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2072 (L.S.)
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43
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Joshi BS, Garcia Romeu H, Aliyandi A, de Vries MP, Zuhorn IS. DNAJB6-Containing Extracellular Vesicles as Chaperone Delivery Systems: A Proteomic Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112485. [PMID: 36432676 PMCID: PMC9698516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are effectors of cell-to-cell communication that are in the spotlight as promising candidates for in vivo drug delivery because of their ability to enter cells and deliver cargo. For example, proteins of interest can be loaded into EVs to mediate protein transfer into target cells. To determine causality between EV content and function, which is also important to assess the clinical safety of EVs, it is crucial to comprehensively characterize their complete molecular composition. Here, we investigated EVs loaded with the chaperone protein DNAJB6. Chaperone proteins assist in protein folding and have been suggested to alleviate protein aggregation diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. We analyzed and compared the proteome of EVs isolated from wildtype HEK293T cells with that of EVs from HEK 293T cells overexpressing DNAJB6-WT or loss-of-function mutant DNAJB6-M3. Comprehensive analysis of proteomics data showed enhanced levels of DNAJB6 as well as protein-folding-related proteins in EVs derived from DNAJB6-overexpression cells. Interestingly, upregulation of a chaperone and its protein-folding-related proteins resulted in downregulation of another chaperone plus its related proteins, and vice versa. This implies the presence of compensatory mechanisms in the cellular expression of chaperones. Collectively, we provide the proteomic EV signatures underlying EV mediated DNAJB6 transmission by HEK293T cells, with the aim of establishing a causal relationship between EV protein content and EV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree S. Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hector Garcia Romeu
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldy Aliyandi
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P. de Vries
- Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge S. Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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44
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He B, Huang Z, Huang C, Nice EC. Clinical applications of plasma proteomics and peptidomics: Towards precision medicine. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2100097. [PMID: 35490333 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the context of precision medicine, disease treatment requires individualized strategies based on the underlying molecular characteristics to overcome therapeutic challenges posed by heterogeneity. For this purpose, it is essential to develop new biomarkers to diagnose, stratify, or possibly prevent diseases. Plasma is an available source of biomarkers that greatly reflects the physiological and pathological conditions of the body. An increasing number of studies are focusing on proteins and peptides, including many involving the Human Proteome Project (HPP) of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO), and proteomics and peptidomics techniques are emerging as critical tools for developing novel precision medicine preventative measures. Excitingly, the emerging plasma proteomics and peptidomics toolbox exhibits a huge potential for studying pathogenesis of diseases (e.g., COVID-19 and cancer), identifying valuable biomarkers and improving clinical management. However, the enormous complexity and wide dynamic range of plasma proteins makes plasma proteome profiling challenging. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in plasma proteomics and peptidomics with a focus on their emerging roles in COVID-19 and cancer research, aiming to emphasize the significance of plasma proteomics and peptidomics in clinical applications and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Comparative Analysis of Natural and Cytochalasin B-Induced Membrane Vesicles from Tumor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5363-5378. [DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there are numerous protocols for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Depending on the isolation method, it is possible to obtain vesicles with different characteristics, enriched with specific groups of proteins, DNA and RNA, which affect similar types of cells in the opposite way. Therefore, it is important to study and compare methods of vesicle isolation. Moreover, the differences between the EVs derived from tumor and mesenchymal stem cells are still poorly understood. This article compares EVs from human glioblastoma cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained by two different methods, ultracentrifugation and cytochalasin B-mediated induction. The size of the vesicles, the presence of the main EV markers, the presence of nuclear and mitochondrial components, and the molecular composition of the vesicles were determined. It has been shown that EVs obtained by both ultracentrifugation and cytochalasin B treatment have similar features, contain particles of endogenous and membrane origin and can interact with monolayer cultures of tumor cells.
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46
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Choi WWY, Sánchez C, Li JJ, Dinarvand M, Adomat H, Ghaffari M, Khoja L, Vafaee F, Joshua AM, Chi KN, Guns EST, Hosseini-Beheshti E. Extracellular vesicles from biological fluids as potential markers in castration resistant prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04391-6. [PMID: 36222898 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted from cancer cells are present in various biological fluids, carrying distinctly different cellular components compared to normal cells, and have great potential to be used as markers for disease initiation, progression, and response to treatment. This under-utilised tool provides insights into a better understanding of prostate cancer. METHODS EV from serum and urine of healthy men and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients were isolated and characterised by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and western blot. Proteomic and cholesterol liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses were conducted. RESULTS There was a successful enrichment of small EV/exosomes isolated from serum and urine. EV derived from biological fluids of CRPC patients had significant differences in composition when compared with those from healthy controls. Analysis of matched serum and urine samples from six prostate cancer patients revealed specific EV proteins common in both types of biological fluid for each patient. CONCLUSION Some of the EV proteins identified from our analyses have potential to be used as CRPC markers. These markers may depict a pattern in cancer progression through non-invasive sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy W Y Choi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | | | - Jiao Jiao Li
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mojdeh Dinarvand
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hans Adomat
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mazyar Ghaffari
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Leila Khoja
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.,UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kim N Chi
- BC Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Emma S Tomlinson Guns
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,BC Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada. .,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,The Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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47
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Brás IC, Khani MH, Riedel D, Parfentev I, Gerhardt E, van Riesen C, Urlaub H, Gollisch T, Outeiro TF. Ectosomes and exosomes modulate neuronal spontaneous activity. J Proteomics 2022; 269:104721. [PMID: 36089191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators in intercellular communication. However, understanding the biological origin and functional effects of EVs subtypes has been challenging due to the moderate differences in their physical properties and absence of reliable markers. Here, we characterize the proteomes of ectosomes and exosomes using an improved differential ultracentrifugation protocol and quantitative proteomics. Our analyses revealed singular proteomic profiles for ectosomes and exosomes that enabled us to establish specific protein markers that can be used for their biochemical distinction. Cytoskeleton and glycolytic proteins are distinctively present in ectosomes, while endosomal sorting complexes proteins and tetraspanins are enriched in exosomes. Furthermore, annexin-A2 was identified as a specific marker for ectosomes derived from cell media and human cerebrospinal fluid. Expression of EGFP as a cytosolic reporter leads to its incorporation in EVs and enables their imaging with higher resolution. Assessment of neuronal network activity using multi-electrode array recordings demonstrated that spontaneous neuronal activity can be modulated by EVs. Ectosomes and exosomes internalization in neuronal cells disrupted their regular synchronized bursting activity, resulting in overall lower and more disorganized spiking activity. Our findings suggest that EVs cargoes reflect core intracellular processes, and their functional properties might regulate basic biological and pathological processes. SIGNIFICANCE: This article presents novel approaches for studying the origin, composition, and biological effects in neuronal activity of ectosomes and exosomes. Our findings suggest that EVs cargoes reflect core intracellular processes, and their functional properties might regulate basic biological and pathological processes. Ultimately, our study also forms the foundation for future biomarker studies and for the understanding of the molecular basis of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C Brás
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad H Khani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iwan Parfentev
- Research Group Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph van Riesen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Research Group Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Gollisch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Scientific employee with an honorary contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Extracellular Vesicles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are More Effectively Accessed through Polyethylene Glycol-Based Precipitation than by Ultracentrifugation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3577015. [PMID: 36110890 PMCID: PMC9470370 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3577015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as cell-cell communication agents, and EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit therapeutic effects similar to those of the cells of origin. Precipitation methods have been used extensively for EV harvests, such as UC- (ultracentrifugation-) or PEG- (polyethylene glycol-) based methods, and the difference in EVs derived from MSCs by UC and PEG is not fully understood. We harvested EVs from amniotic fluid MSCs (AF-MSCs) by UC- or PEG-based precipitation methods and conducted a comparison study of those EVs derived by the two methods: output, RNA, and protein expression of EVs and EV biological reaction in a THP-1-cell model of LPS induction, which was considered an infection model. There was no difference in morphology, size, or specific marker-positive ratio of PEG-EVs and UC-EVs, but PEG obtained more EV particles, protein, and RNA than the UC method. In our THP-1 model of LPS induction, MSC-EVs did not lead to a change in protein expression but inhibited the LPS-induced increase in cytokine secretion. UC-EVs were more effective for TNF-α inhibition, and PEG-EVs were more effective for IL10 inhibition. Thus, our findings provide evidence that PEG-based precipitation is a more efficient mesenchymal stem cell-extracellular vesicle-derived method than UC.
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49
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Bi Y, Qiao X, Liu Q, Song S, Zhu K, Qiu X, Zhang X, Jia C, Wang H, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Ji G. Systemic proteomics and miRNA profile analysis of exosomes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:449. [PMID: 36064647 PMCID: PMC9444124 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies have reported the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes by which protein and miRNA are clearly characterized. However, the proteomics and miRNA profiles of exosomes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) remain unclear. METHODS In this study, we isolated exosomes from hESCs, hiPSCs, and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) via classic ultracentrifugation and a 0.22-μm filter, followed by the conservative identification. Tandem mass tag labeling and label-free relative peptide quantification together defined their proteomics. High-throughput sequencing was performed to determine miRNA profiles. Then, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis to identify the dominant biological processes and pathways modulated by exosome cargos. Finally, the western blot and RT-qPCR were performed to detect the actual loads of proteins and miRNAs in three types of exosomes. RESULTS Based on our study, the cargos from three types of exosomes contribute to sophisticated biological processes. In comparison, hESC exosomes (hESC-Exos) were superior in regulating development, metabolism, and anti-aging, and hiPSC exosomes (hiPSC-Exos) had similar biological functions as hESC-Exos, whereas hUC-MSCs exosomes (hUC-MSC-Exos) contributed more to immune regulation. CONCLUSIONS The data presented in our study help define the protein and miRNA landscapes of three exosomes, predict their biological functions via systematic and comprehensive network analysis at the system level, and reveal their respective potential applications in different fields so as to optimize exosome selection in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinlong Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaole Song
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xun Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ce Jia
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Sixth Department of Liver Disease, Dalian Public Health Clinical Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Guangju Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Luxmi R, King SM. Cilia-derived vesicles: An ancient route for intercellular communication. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:82-92. [PMID: 35346578 PMCID: PMC9378432 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a mechanism for intercellular communication that transports complex signals in membrane delimited structures between cells, tissues and organisms. Cells secrete EVs of various subtypes defined by the pathway leading to release and by the pathological condition of the cell. Cilia are evolutionarily conserved organelles that can act as sensory structures surveilling the extracellular environment. Here we discuss the secretory functions of cilia and their biological implications. Studies in multiple species - from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to mammals - have revealed that cilia shed bioactive EVs (ciliary EVs or ectosomes) by outward budding of the ciliary membrane. The content of ciliary EVs is distinct from that of other vesicles released by cells. Peptides regulate numerous aspects of metazoan physiology and development through evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Intriguingly, cilia-derived vesicles have recently been found to mediate peptidergic signaling. C. reinhardtii releases the peptide α-amidating enzyme (PAM), bioactive amidated products and components of the peptidergic signaling machinery in ciliary EVs in a developmentally regulated manner. Considering the origin of cilia in early eukaryotes, it is likely that release of peptidergic signals in ciliary EVs represents an alternative and ancient mode of regulated secretion that cells can utilize in the absence of dedicated secretory granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Luxmi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA.
| | - Stephen M King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA.
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