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End-of-Life Options for (Bio)degradable Polymers in the Circular Economy. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6695140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
End-of-life options for plastics include recycling and energy recovery (incineration). Taking into account the polymeric waste, recycling is the intentional action that is aimed at reducing the amount of waste deposited in landfills by industrial use of this waste to obtain raw materials and energy. The incineration of waste leads to recovery of the energy only. Recycling methods divide on mechanical (reuse of waste as a full-valuable raw material for further processing), chemical (feedstock recycling), and organic (composting and anaerobic digestion). The type of recycling is selected in terms of the polymeric material, origin of the waste, possible toxicity of the waste, and its flammability. The (bio)degradable polymers show the suitability for every recycling methods. But recycling method should be used in such a form that it is economically justified in a given case. Organic recycling in a circular economy is considered to be the most appropriate technology for the disposal of compostable waste. It is addressed for plastics capable for industrial composting such as cellulose films, starch blends, and polyesters. The biological treatment of organic waste leads also to a decrease of landfills and thereby reducing methane emissions from them. If we add to their biodegradability the absence of toxicity, we have a biotechnological product of great industrial interest. The paper presents the overview on end-of-life options useful for the (bio)degradable polymers. The principles of the circular economy and its today development were also discussed.
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Rydz J, Sikorska W, Musioł M, Janeczek H, Włodarczyk J, Misiurska-Marczak M, Łęczycka J, Kowalczuk M. 3D-Printed Polyester-Based Prototypes for Cosmetic Applications-Future Directions at the Forensic Engineering of Advanced Polymeric Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E994. [PMID: 30917574 PMCID: PMC6470545 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of degradation and impairment phenomena of (bio)degradable polymeric materials under operating conditions, and thus the selection of test procedures and prediction of their behavior designates the scope and capabilities as well as possible limitations of both: the preparation of the final product and its durability. The main novelty and objective of this research was to determine the degradation pathways during testing of polylactide and polylactide/polyhydroxyalkanoate materials made with three-dimensional printing and the development of a new strategy for the comprehensive characterization of such complex systems including behavior during waste disposal. Prototype objects were subjected to tests for damage evolution performed under simulating operating conditions. The reference samples and the tested items were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry to determine changes in material properties. The studies showed that: polyhydroxyalkanoate component during accelerated aging and degradation in environments rich in microorganisms accelerated the degradation of the material; paraffin accelerates polylactide degradation and slows degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate-based material; under the influence of an environment rich in enzymes, paraffin contamination accelerates biodegradation; under the influence of natural conditions, paraffin contamination slowed degradation; the processing conditions, in particular the printing orientation of individual parts of the container, influenced the material properties in its various regions, affecting the rate of degradation of individual parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rydz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Marlena Misiurska-Marczak
- Laboratorium Kosmetyczne Dr Irena Eris Sp. z o.o., R&D Department, 12 Armii Krajowej St., 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland.
| | - Justyna Łęczycka
- Laboratorium Kosmetyczne Dr Irena Eris Sp. z o.o., R&D Department, 12 Armii Krajowej St., 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland.
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1SB, UK.
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Liu Y, Zhan Z, Ye H, Lin X, Yan Y, Zhang Y. Accelerated biodegradation of PLA/PHB-blended nonwovens by a microbial community. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10386-10394. [PMID: 35520905 PMCID: PMC9062384 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10591j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated biodegradation of PLA–PHB blends by domesticated Proteobacteria and Firmicutes strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Zhicheng Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Haixian Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yurong Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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Sikorska W, Musioł M, Rydz J, Zięba M, Rychter P, Lewicka K, Šiškova A, Mosnáčková K, Kowalczuk M, Adamus G. Prediction studies of environment-friendly biodegradable polymeric packaging based on PLA. Influence of specimens' thickness on the hydrolytic degradation profile. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 78:938-947. [PMID: 32559989 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Application of new biodegradable polymer packaging based on polylactide (PLA), susceptible to organic recycling, can help in the waste reduction in landfills. In this paper, the results of the study on abiotic degradation of PLA and its blend containing 15 mol% of poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate], as a model for the first step of organic recycling were presented. The samples used for this study have different shapes and thicknesses: rigid films and cuboid-bars. Particular emphasis was placed on determining the pattern of degradation products released into the medium. Originally, the results of present study revealed that the application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry supported by high performance liquid chromatography allowed envisaging the differences in the degradation products pattern released from the studied PLA-based samples differing in thickness. The significant differences in degradation products pattern were predominately observed in the first steps of incubation process and are caused by an autocatalytic effect, which occurs mainly during degradation of the large size PLA samples. Although, the thickness of PLA-based packaging changes the degradation product patterns, however this does not increase the total amounts of acids released to the medium. Thus, it may be concluded that thickness should not affect significantly organic recycling of the packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - M Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - J Rydz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Zięba
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - P Rychter
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the Jan Dlugosz University, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - K Lewicka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the Jan Dlugosz University, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - A Šiškova
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Science, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - K Mosnáčková
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Science, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1SB, UK
| | - G Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Musioł M, Sikorska W, Janeczek H, Wałach W, Hercog A, Johnston B, Rydz J. (Bio)degradable polymeric materials for a sustainable future - part 1. Organic recycling of PLA/PBAT blends in the form of prototype packages with long shelf-life. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 77:447-454. [PMID: 29699727 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prediction studies of advanced (bio)degradable polymeric materials are crucial when their potential applications as compostable products with long shelf-life is considered for today's market. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the polylactide (PLA) content in the blends of PLA and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT); specifically how the material's thickness corresponded to changes that occurred in products during the degradation process. Additionally, the influence of talc on the degradation profile of all samples in all environments was investigated. It was found that, differences in the degradation rate of materials tested with a similar content of the PLA component could be caused by differences in their thickness, the presence of commercial additives used during processing or a combination of both. The obtained results indicated that the presence of talc may interfere with materials behavior towards water and consequently alter their degradation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wałach
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Hercog
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Brian Johnston
- University of Wolverhampton, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Science, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1SB, UK
| | - Joanna Rydz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Badia J, Ribes-Greus A. Mechanical recycling of polylactide, upgrading trends and combination of valorization techniques. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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(Bio)degradable polymers as a potential material for food packaging: studies on the (bio)degradation process of PLA/(R,S)-PHB rigid foils under industrial composting conditions. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rydz J, Sikorska W, Kyulavska M, Christova D. Polyester-based (bio)degradable polymers as environmentally friendly materials for sustainable development. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:564-96. [PMID: 25551604 PMCID: PMC4307263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the polyesters such as polylactide and polyhydroxyalkonoates, as well as polyamides produced from renewable resources, which are currently among the most promising (bio)degradable polymers. Synthetic pathways, favourable properties and utilisation (most important applications) of these attractive polymer families are outlined. Environmental impact and in particular (bio)degradation of aliphatic polyesters, polyamides and related copolymer structures are described in view of the potential applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rydz
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Polymers, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., Bl. 103A, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska St., Zabrze 41-800, Poland.
| | - Mariya Kyulavska
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Polymers, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., Bl. 103A, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Darinka Christova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Polymers, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., Bl. 103A, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
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Rydz J, Wolna-Stypka K, Musioł M, Szeluga U, Janeczek H, Kowalczuk M. Further evidence of polylactide degradation in paraffin and in selected protic media. A thermal analysis of eroded polylactide films. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sikorska W, Richert J, Rydz J, Musioł M, Adamus G, Janeczek H, Kowalczuk M. Degradability studies of poly(l-lactide) after multi-reprocessing experiments in extruder. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rychter P, Kawalec M, Sobota M, Kurcok P, Kowalczuk M. Study of Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyester Degradation in Sandy Soil and Its Ecotoxicological Impact. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:839-47. [DOI: 10.1021/bm901331t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rychter
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland, and Jan Długosz University, Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Avenue, 42-200 Czȩstochowa, Poland
| | - Michał Kawalec
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland, and Jan Długosz University, Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Avenue, 42-200 Czȩstochowa, Poland
| | - Michał Sobota
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland, and Jan Długosz University, Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Avenue, 42-200 Czȩstochowa, Poland
| | - Piotr Kurcok
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland, and Jan Długosz University, Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Avenue, 42-200 Czȩstochowa, Poland
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland, and Jan Długosz University, Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Avenue, 42-200 Czȩstochowa, Poland
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