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Elleuch J, Drira M, Ghribi I, Hadjkacem F, Pierre G, Khemakhem H, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Lead removal from the aqueous solution by extracellular polymeric substances produced by the marine diatom Navicula salinicola. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38619982 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2338456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have recently emerged as significant contributors in diverse biotechnological applications. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), produced by a Navicula salinicola strain, have been studied for potential applications in a specific heavy metal (lead (Pb II)) removal from wastewater. The optimisation of operational parameters, mainly pH, Pb and EPS concentrations, using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was undertaken to enhance lead uptake. The higher Pb adsorption capacity reached 2211.029 mg/g. Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, phosphoric, and sulfhydryl groups were identified quantitatively as potential sites for Pb adsorption. EPS exhibited a notable flocculation rate of 70.20% in kaolin clay at a concentration of 15 mg/L. They demonstrated an emulsifying activity greater than 88%, showcasing their versatile potential for both sedimentation processes and stabilising liquid-liquid systems. EPS could be excellent nonconventional renewable biopolymers for treating water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Drira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imtinen Ghribi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies Applied to the Improvement of Plants, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Farah Hadjkacem
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institute Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institute Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Applications (LaMMA), (LR16ES18), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Philippe Michaud
- CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institute Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies Applied to the Improvement of Plants, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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2
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Deng YJ, Yue ZX, Wang ZJ, Huang Q, Yang XL. Optimization and mechanism of the novel eco-friendly additives for solidification and stabilization of dredged sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25964-25977. [PMID: 38492144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Solidification/stabilization technology is commonly used in the rehabilitation of dredged sediment due to its cost-effectiveness. However, traditional solidification/stabilization technology relies on cement, which increases the risk of soil alkalization and leads to increased CO2 emissions during cement production. To address this issue, this study proposed an innovative approach by incorporating bentonite and citrus peel powder as additives in the solidifying agent, with the aim of reducing cement usage in the dredged sediment solidification process. The research results showed that there is a significant interaction among cement, bentonite, and citrus peel powder. After response surface methodology (RSM) optimization, the optimal ratio of the cementitious mixture was determined to be 14.86 g/kg for cement, 5.85 g/kg for bentonite, and 9.31 g/kg for citrus peel powder. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the solidified sediments reached 3144.84 kPa. The reaction products of the solidification materials, when mixed with sediment, facilitated adsorption, gelation, and network structure connection. Simultaneously, the leaching concentration of heavy metals was significantly decreased with five heavy metals (Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) leaching concentrations decreasing by more than 50%, which met the prescribed thresholds for green planting. This study demonstrated the ecological benefits of employing bentonite and citrus peel powder in the solidification process of dredged sediment, providing an effective solution for sediment solidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dong Nan Da Xue Road 2, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Yue
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dong Nan Da Xue Road 2, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jie Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dong Nan Da Xue Road 2, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dong Nan Da Xue Road 2, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dong Nan Da Xue Road 2, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wu H, Shen W, Zhao Q, Zhang W. Synthesis of chitosan-based flocculant by dielectric barrier discharge modification and its flocculation performance in wastewater treatment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2410-2421. [PMID: 38223699 PMCID: PMC10785050 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
As a typical type of organic flocculant, chitosan is limited by its poor water solubility and narrow pH range application. Grafting modification can improve chitosan's solubility and availability through linking macromolecular chains with other types of water-soluble groups or functional side groups. In this study, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was used to active the surface of chitosan, then activated chitosan was polymerized with acrylamide to synthesize a chitosan-based flocculant, chitosan-acrylamide (CS-AM). During the synthesis of CS-AM, the optimal conditions were determined as follows: discharge time of 5 min, discharge power of 60 W, total monomer mass concentration of 80 g L-1, polymerization time of 3 h, polymerization temperature of 70 °C, and m(CS) : m(AM) ratio of 1 : 3. The structure and morphological characteristics of CS-AM were investigated and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 physical adsorption, respectively. The removal efficiency of kaolin suspension and CNTs suspension can reach up to 95.9% and 90.2% after flocculation of CS-AM. Furthermore, the zeta potential of the supernatant from the CS-AM treated kaolin suspension at different pH values was examined, and the flocculation mechanism of CS-AM was analyzed. This study provides new ideas for the preparation and development of modified chitosan and broadens its application in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wu
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wang Shen
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Quanfa Zhao
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
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Zhao Q, Wu H, Shen W, Han X, Zheng B, Wang Y. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma-modified chitosan flocculant and its flocculation performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126364. [PMID: 37595720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The flocculation performance of chitosan can be enhanced by grafting modification to overcome its disadvantages of poor water solubility. In this study, chitosan was modified by dielectric barrier discharge plasma and polymerized with acrylamide and aluminum chloride to synthesize a new chitosan-based flocculant, namely, chitosan-acrylamide-aluminum chloride (CA-PAC). After optimizing the synthesis conditions of CA-PAC, the best conditions were as follows: discharge time of 3 min, discharge power of 50 W, polymerization temperature of 60 °C, polymerization time of 3 h, total monomer concentration of 100 g/L, and m(AlCl3):m(CA) ratio of 2:1. Characterization was performed through SEM, XPS, FTIR, XRD, TG and 1H NMR. Results showed that the preparation of CA-PAC was successful. The influences of flocculant dosage, pH, and stirring intensity on flocculation efficiency were investigated. The removal efficiency of turbidity was 94.1 %. The investigation of the flocculation mechanism revealed that CA-PAC mainly relied on charge neutralization or the synergic action of electric neutralization, bridging, and roll-sweep under acidic and neutral conditions, but it depended on the joint action of adsorption bridging and net sweeping under alkaline conditions. This study provides new ideas for the preparation and development of modified chitosan and broadens its application in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfa Zhao
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haixia Wu
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wang Shen
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Nanjing Branch of Central & Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210012, China
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Mohamed Hatta NS, Lau SW, Chua HB, Takeo M, Sen TK, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Zairin DA. Parametric and kinetic studies of activated sludge dewatering by cationic chitosan-like bioflocculant BF01314 produced from Citrobacter youngae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115527. [PMID: 36822539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial strains belonging to Citrobacter spp. were reported to produce polysaccharides consisting of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine like chitosan, with high flocculation activity. In this work, the flocculation dewatering performance of activated sludge conditioned by a novel cationic chitosan-like bioflocculant (BF) named BF01314, produced from Citrobacter youngae GTC 01314, was evaluated under the influences of flocculant dosage, pH, and temperature. At BF dosage as low as 0.5 kg/t DS, the sludge dewaterability was significantly enhanced in comparison to the raw (untreated) sludge, featuring well-flocculated characteristic (reduction in CST from 22.0 s to 9.4 s) and good sludge filterability with reduced resistance (reduction in SRF by one order from 7.42 × 1011 to 9.59 × 1010 m/kg) and increased compactness of sludge (increase in CSC from 15.2 to 23.2%). Besides, the BF demonstrated comparable high sludge dewatering performance within the pH range between 2 and 8, and temperature range between 25 °C and 80 °C. Comparison between the BF, the pristine chitosan and the commercial cationic copolymer MF 7861 demonstrated equivalent performance with enhanced dewaterability at the dosage between 2.0 and 3.0 kg/t DS. Besides, the BF demonstrated strong flocculation activity (>99%) when added to the sludge suspension using moderate to high flocculation speeds (100-200 rpm) with at least 3-min mixing time. The BF's reaction in sludge flocculation was best fitted with a pseudo first-order kinetic model. Electrostatic charge patching and polymer bridging mechanisms are believed to be the dominant mechanistic phenomena during the BF's sludge conditioning process (coagulation-flocculation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syahirah Mohamed Hatta
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Shiew Wei Lau
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Han Bing Chua
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Takeo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Tushar Kanti Sen
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Danial Aminin Zairin
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nkosi NC, Basson AK, Ntombela ZG, Dlamini NG, Maliehe TS, Pullabhotla RVSR. Production and characterization of a bioflocculant produced by Proteus mirabilis AB 932526.1 and its application in wastewater treatment and dye removal. PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2022-1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Microbial flocculants affect the aggregation of suspended solutes in solutions, thus, they are a viable alternative to inorganic and organic synthetic flocculants which are associated with deleterious health problems. Moreover, a potential solution for wastewater treatment. The study aimed to produce and characterize a bioflocculant from Proteus mirabilis AB 932526.1 and apply it in domestic wastewater treatment and dye removal. The bioflocculant was extracted using butanol and chloroform (5:2 v/v). Carbohydrates, proteins, and uronic acid were identified using phenol-sulphuric acid, Bradford, and Carbazole essays. The morphology, crystallinity and elemental composition of the purified bioflocculant were determined using a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis and SEM energy dispersive elemental detector (SEM-EDX). The antimicrobial properties and dye removal efficiencies were evaluated. About 3.8 g/L yields of the purified bioflocculant were attained. Chemical composition analysis revealed the presence of 65 % carbohydrates, 10 % proteins, and 24 % uronic acids. The bioflocculant displayed an amorphous and crystalline structure. Bioflocculant further shows some remarkable properties as they can be able to inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The removal efficiencies of 85 % (COD), 82 % (BOD), and 81 % (SO4
2−) in domestic wastewater were achieved. Moreover, the high removal efficiency of staining dyes such as methylene blue (71 %), carbol fuchsin (81 %), safranin (83 %), methylene orange (90 %), and Congo red (90 %) were found. The produced bioflocculant can imply industrial applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkanyiso C. Nkosi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand , P/Bag X 1001 , KwaDlangezwa 3886 , South Africa
| | - Albertus K. Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand , P/Bag X 1001 , KwaDlangezwa 3886 , South Africa
| | - Zuzingcebo G. Ntombela
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand , P/Bag X 1001 , KwaDlangezwa 3886 , South Africa
| | - Nkosinathi G. Dlamini
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand , P/Bag X 1001 , KwaDlangezwa 3886 , South Africa
| | - Tsolanku S. Maliehe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand , P/Bag X 1001 , KwaDlangezwa 3886 , South Africa
| | - Rajasekhar V. S. R. Pullabhotla
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand , P/Bag X 1001 , KwaDlangezwa 3886 , South Africa
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7
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Zhou X, Bi X, Huang S, Ng HY. Effect of mixing iron-containing sludge to domestic wastewater on wastewater characteristics under different conditions: types of domestic wastewater, varying pH and mixing ratios. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115241. [PMID: 36621547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large volumes of iron-containing sludge (Fe-Sludge) would be generated with the application of iron salts in drinking water treatment plants, which must be disposed appropriately. One of the common disposal solutions for Fe-Sludge is through direct disposal into the municipal sewer system, whereby it would be mixed with domestic wastewater and treated in the wastewater treatment plant. To better understand the properties of Fe-Sludge and the effect of dosing Fe-Sludge to the real domestic wastewater (WW) on the wastewater characteristics, a serial batch tests were conducted on a local wastewater reclamation plant (WRP). It was found that the impact of dosing Fe-Sludge at a Fe/P ratio of 5 did not vary with the types of WW, i.e., filtered or non-filtered by the 5 mm screen. In addition, the soluble organic, phosphate and total soluble iron concentrations mostly decreased with the dosing of Fe-Sludge within the dosage range of 0-5 (Fe/P ratio). In contrast, the suspended solid (SS) and volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentrations increased with the dosage of Fe-Sludge within the dosage range of 0-5 (Fe/P ratio). Furthermore, the pH condition of the domestic wastewater affected the phosphate removal efficiency by Fe-Sludge and influenced the total soluble iron concentration and iron species distribution. These findings will provide fundamental support for the further study of the effect of Fe-Sludge on the biological treatment performance and membrane filtration performance of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Xuejun Bi
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, 266033, China.
| | - How Yong Ng
- Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China.
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8
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Gricius Z, Øye G. Recent advances in the design and use of Pickering emulsions for wastewater treatment applications. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:818-840. [PMID: 36649133 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01437h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions have recently emerged as versatile systems capable of targeting many applications of wastewater treatment. The unique properties, which include high emulsion stability, easy preparation, low toxicity, and stimuli-responsiveness, pave the way for advances in common pollutant control processes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on different aspects in the Pickering emulsion design focusing on the key structural relations and their implications in specific applications. The first section is dedicated to the critical parameters governing the Pickering emulsion type, droplet size and stability. Furthermore, a section describing methods for demulsification and particle recovery is included, in which various stimuli have been explored. Finally, the most potent applications of Pickering emulsions such as photocatalytic degradation, adsorption, extraction, and separation of common wastewater pollutants are presented and discussed with a great deal of attention towards the efficacy, current limitations, and future potential. Recognizing the rise of innovative Pickering emulsion solutions is expected to induce profound effects facilitating the technology transfer to industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zygimantas Gricius
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gisle Øye
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Liu Y, Zeng Y, Yang J, Chen P, Sun Y, Wang M, Ma Y. A bioflocculant from Corynebacterium glutamicum and its application in acid mine wastewater treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1136473. [PMID: 36926688 PMCID: PMC10011464 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1136473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many microorganisms have been found to produce bioflocculants, and bioflocculants have been considered as attractive alternatives to chemical flocculants in wastewater treatment, there are few reports on bioflocculants from the safe strain C. glutamicum, and the application of bioflocculants in acid wastewater treatment is also rare attributed to the high content of metal ions and high acidity of the water. In this study, a novel bioflocculant produced by Corynebacterium glutamicum Cg1-P30 was investigated. An optimal production of this bioflocculant with a yield of 0.52 g/L was achieved by Box-Behnken design, using 12.20 g/L glucose, 4.00 g/L corn steep liquor and 3.60 g/L urea as carbon and nitrogen source. The structural characterization revealed that the bioflocculant was mainly composed of 37.50% neutral sugar, 10.03% uronic acid, 6.32% aminosugar and 16.51% protein. Carboxyl, amine and hydroxyl groups were the functional groups in flocculation. The biofocculant was thermally stable and dependent on metal ions and acidic pH, showing a good flocculating activity of 91.92% at the dosage of 25 mg/L by aid of 1.0 mM Fe3+ at pH 2.0. Due to these unique properties, the bioflocculant could efficiently remove metal ions such as Fe, Al, Zn, and Pb from the real acid mine wastewater sample without pH adjustment, and meanwhile made the acid mine wastewater solution become clear with an increased neutral pH. These findings suggested the great potential application of the non-toxic bioflocculant from C. glutamicum Cg1-P30 in acid mine wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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Aguilera Flores MM, Valdivia Cabral GI, Medellín Castillo NA, Ávila Vázquez V, Sánchez Mata O, García Torres J. Study on the Effectiveness of Two Biopolymer Coagulants on Turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal in Urban Wastewater. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010037. [PMID: 36616387 PMCID: PMC9824618 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effectiveness of two biopolymer coagulants on turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal in urban wastewater. The biopolymers were produced from vegetal biomass using the mucilage extracted from Opuntia robusta cladodes, and Uncaria tomentosa leaves. Opuntia robusta is an abundant species in Mexico, which is not edible. Uncaria tomentosa is an exotic invasive species in Mexico and other countries, which negatively affects the ecosystems where it is introduced. A combined experimental design of mixture-process was selected to evaluate the effectiveness of both biopolymer coagulants regarding aluminum sulfate (conventional chemical coagulant). Results showed turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies of 42.3% and 69.6% for Opuntia robusta and 17.2% and 39.4% for Uncaria tomentosa biopolymer coagulant, respectively, at a dose of 200 mg/L. Furthermore, optimum conditions from the experimental design to reach the maximum turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal were obtained at an Opuntia robusta biopolymer coagulant concentration of 10 mg/L, showing removal efficiencies of 68.7 ± 1.7% and 86.1 ± 1.4%, respectively. These results support using Opuntia robusta as an alternative biopolymer coagulant in urban wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mauricio Aguilera Flores
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-555-729-6000 (ext. 83562)
| | - Gloria Itzel Valdivia Cabral
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
| | - Nahum Andrés Medellín Castillo
- Graduate Studies and Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Manuel Nava No. 8, Col. Zona Universitaria Poniente, San Luis Potosí 78290, SLP, Mexico
| | - Verónica Ávila Vázquez
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
| | - Omar Sánchez Mata
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
| | - Jésica García Torres
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
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11
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Putra RS, Nasriyanti D, Sarkawi M. Coagulation activity of liquid extraction of Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania grandiflora on the removal of turbidity. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Turbidity is removed by adding a chemical coagulant, which produces a secondary toxic of alumina residues in the water. Therefore, the aim of study was to evaluate the coagulation activity of NaCl extract from Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania grandiflora seeds on the removal of turbidity for water purification. The proximate composition of the seeds was determined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups of protein, and the surface morphology was observed by SEM-EDS. To obtain the optimized condition, all experiments were evaluated by artificial turbid water before being applied on the natural water (i.e., Selokan Mataram). The coagulation process was evaluated by concentration (M), dosage (mL/L), and pH in terms of turbidity, total dissolved solids, and transmittance of light. The results showed that both coagulant seeds contained 25.32 and 30.81% of protein. These coagulants could remove the turbidity by 99.7% for L. leucocephala and 94.24% for S. grandiflora from artificial turbid water at the optimized concentration of 1.0 M, and dosage of 5 and 10 mL/L, respectively. At pH 5 the removal of turbidity from Selokan Mataram was 99.4% for L. leucocephala and 97.23% for S. grandiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Syah Putra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia , Yogyakarta 55584 , Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Remediation Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia , Yogyakarta 55584 , Indonesia
| | - Desi Nasriyanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia , Yogyakarta 55584 , Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Sarkawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia , Yogyakarta 55584 , Indonesia
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Wang L, Lu QM, Zeng T, Yang JW, Hu XQ, Zhang HB. Synthesis and characterization of a cationic dextran-based flocculant and its application in bacterial sedimentation. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Evaluation of a biocoagulant from devilfish invasive species for the removal of contaminants in ceramic industry wastewater. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9917. [PMID: 35705682 PMCID: PMC9200807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a biocoagulant produced from the devilfish invasive species and its combination with two chemical coagulants (aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate) to remove turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids in ceramic industry wastewater using a combined experimental design of Mixture-Process. This design optimized the coagulation process and evaluated the effects and interactions between mixture components and coagulant doses. An analysis of variance was used to analyze the experimental data obtained in the study, and the response surface plots by response type (turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids) were obtained. Results showed that the coagulation treatment could be technically and economically feasible since efficiencies of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids removal of 74, 79, and 94% could be achieved using an optimal coagulant dose of 800 mg/L with a mixture of 35% biocoagulant and 65% ferric sulfate. Analysis of variance results showed that the models are significant, and the lack of fit is not required according to the probability value (p value), which were < 0.0001, and > 0.05, respectively. Hence, the experimental data were fitted to a combined reduced special cubic x linear model. These results support the use of devilfish meal as a biocoagulant, being more feasible in dual systems when mixed with ferric sulfate.
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Vinothkanna A, Sathiyanarayanan G, Rai AK, Mathivanan K, Saravanan K, Sudharsan K, Kalimuthu P, Ma Y, Sekar S. Exopolysaccharide Produced by Probiotic Bacillus albus DM-15 Isolated From Ayurvedic Fermented Dasamoolarishta: Characterization, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832109. [PMID: 35308379 PMCID: PMC8927020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was purified from the probiotic bacterium Bacillus albus DM-15, isolated from the Indian Ayurvedic traditional medicine Dasamoolarishta. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed the heteropolymeric nature of the purified EPS with monosaccharide units of glucose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose. Size-exclusion chromatography had shown the molecular weight of the purified EPS as around 240 kDa. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the non-crystalline amorphous nature of the EPS. Furthermore, the purified EPS showed the maximum flocculation activity (72.80%) with kaolin clay and emulsification activity (67.04%) with xylene. In addition, the EPS exhibits significant antioxidant activities on DPPH (58.17 ± 0.054%), ABTS (70.47 ± 0.854%) and nitric oxide (58.92 ± 0.744%) radicals in a concentration-dependent way. Moreover, the EPS showed promising cytotoxic activity (20 ± 0.97 μg mL–1) against the lung carcinoma cells (A549), and subsequent cellular staining revealed apoptotic necrotic characters in damaged A549 cells. The EPS purified from the probiotic strain B. albus DM-15 can be further studied and exploited as a potential carbohydrate polymer in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Vinothkanna
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Gangtok, India
| | | | - Kandasamy Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Kumaresan Sudharsan
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Palanisamy Kalimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Yongkun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Kumar N, Banerjee C, Negi S, Shukla P. Microalgae harvesting techniques: updates and recent technological interventions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:342-368. [PMID: 35168457 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass has garnered attention as a renewable and sustainable resource for producing biodiesel. The harvesting of microalgal biomass is a significant bottleneck being faced by the industries as it is the crucial cost driver in the downstream processing of biomass. Bioharvesting of microalgal biomass mediated by: microbial, animal, and plant-based polymeric flocculants has gained a higher probability of utility in accumulation due to: its higher dewatering potential, less toxicity, and ecofriendly properties. The present review summarizes the key challenges and the technological advancements associated with various such harvesting techniques. The economic and technical aspects of different microalgal harvesting techniques, particularly the cationic polymeric flocculant-based harvesting of microalgal biomass, are also discussed. Furthermore, interactions of flocculants with microalgal biomass and the effects of these interactions on metabolite and lipid extractions are discussed to offer a promising solution for suitability in selecting the most efficient and economical method of microalgal biomass harvesting for cost-effective biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwas Kumar
- Algal Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India
| | - Chiranjib Banerjee
- Algal Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, India
| | - Sangeeta Negi
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Xia M, Zhou H, Amanze C, Hu L, Shen L, Yu R, Liu Y, Chen M, Li J, Wu X, Qiu G, Zeng W. A novel polysaccharides-based bioflocculant produced by Bacillus subtilis ZHX3 and its application in the treatment of multiple pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133185. [PMID: 34883128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A high bioflocculant-producing bacterial strain was identified and named Bacillus subtilis ZHX3. Single-factor experiments suggested that 10 g/L starch and 5 g/L yeast extract were optimal for strain ZHX3 to produce bioflocculant MBF-ZHX3. The maximum flocculating rate reached 95.5%, and 3.14 g/L product was extracted after 3 days of cultivation. MBF-ZHX3 was mainly composed of polysaccharides (77.2%) and protein (14.8%). The polysaccharides contained 28.9% uronic acid and 3.7% amino sugar. Rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 0.35:1.83:3.09:12.66:0.46:3.81 were detected. MBF-ZHX3 had a molecular weight of 10,028 Da and contained abundant groups (-OH, CO, >PO, C-O-C) contributing to flocculation. Adsorption and bridging was considered as the main flocculation mechanism. MBF-ZHX3 was more effective in decolorizing dyes, removing heavy metals and flotation reagents compared to polyacrylamide. The results implied that MBF-ZHX3 has the potential to substitute polyacrylamide in wastewater treatment because of its excellent biological and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Xia
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Charles Amanze
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lan Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Runlan Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yuandong Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Miao Chen
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Jiaokun Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guanzhou Qiu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China; CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
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17
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18
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Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Bioflocculant-Producing Bacteria from Activated Sludge of Vulindlela Wastewater Treatment Plant. Appl Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol1030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The low microbial flocculant yields and efficiencies limit their industrial applications. There is a need to identify bacteria with high bioflocculant production. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify a bioflocculant-producing bacterium from activated sludge wastewater and characterise its bioflocculant activity. The identification of the isolated bacterium was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The optimal medium composition (carbon and nitrogen sources, cations and inoculum size) and culture conditions (temperature, pH, shaking speed and time) were evaluated by the one-factor-at-a-time method. The morphology, functional groups, crystallinity and pyrolysis profile of the bioflocculant were analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The bacterium was identified as Proteus mirabilis AB 932526.1. Its optimal medium and culture conditions were: sucrose (20 g/L), yeast extract (1.2 g/L), MnCl2 (1 g/L), pH 6, 30 °C, inoculation volume (3%), shaking speed (120 rpm) for 72 h of cultivation. SEM micrograph revealed the bioflocculant to be amorphous. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups. The bioflocculant was completely pyrolyzed at temperatures above 800 °C. The bacterium has potential to produce bioflocculant of industrial importance.
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20
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Peng YH, Kashale AA, Lai Y, Hsu FC, Chen IWP. Exfoliation of 2D materials by saponin in water: Aerogel adsorption / photodegradation organic dye. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129795. [PMID: 33581393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biggest challenge for the paint industry is to clean the contaminated waste dye solution before it released into the water or to reuse it to create new paint and to protect the water from environmental pollution. Here in this work, exfoliating layered transition metal dichalcogenide materials prepare to the exfoliated 2D materials thin sheets in water with the assistance of natural saponin. Then, the three-dimensional (3D) MoS2-aerogel composite was synthesized by using greenway exfoliated two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 thin sheets to form MoS2-aerogel composite. The prepared 3D MoS2-aerogel composite demonstrates excellent 94% methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption ability over 5 min. Moreover, the adsorbed MB of the MoS2-aerogel shows ∼80% dye degradation activity in the presence of visible light. Therefore, these synthesized 3D MoS2-aerogel composite could be an excellent candidate for photocatalytic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Peng
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, 369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung City, 95092, Taiwan
| | - Anil A Kashale
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, 369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung City, 95092, Taiwan
| | - Yuekun Lai
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China
| | - Fei-Chien Hsu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, 369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung City, 95092, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Peter Chen
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, 369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung City, 95092, Taiwan.
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21
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Liu C, Sun D, Liu J, Zhu J, Liu W. Recent advances and perspectives in efforts to reduce the production and application cost of microbial flocculants. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:51. [PMID: 38650196 PMCID: PMC10992557 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial flocculants are macromolecular substances produced by microorganisms. Due to its non-toxic, harmless, and biodegradable advantages, microbial flocculants have been widely used in various industrial fields, such as wastewater treatment, microalgae harvest, activated sludge dewatering, heavy metal ion adsorption, and nanoparticle synthesis, especially in the post-treatment process of fermentation with high safety requirement. However, compared with the traditional inorganic flocculants and organic polymeric flocculants, the high production cost is the main bottleneck that restricts the large-scale production and application of microbial flocculants. To reduce the production cost of microbial flocculant, a series of efforts have been carried out and some exciting research progresses have been achieved. This paper summarized the research advances in the last decade, including the screening of high-yield strains and the construction of genetically engineered strains, search of cheap alternative medium, the extraction and preservation methods, microbial flocculants production as an incidental product of other biological processes, combined use of traditional flocculant and microbial flocculant, and the production of microbial flocculant promoted by inducer. Moreover, this paper prospects the future research directions to further reduce the production cost of microbial flocculants, thereby promoting the industrial production and large-scale application of microbial flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingrong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
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Contreras Aristizabal JN. EFECTOS ADVERSOS MORFOLÓGICOS EN EXPOSICIÓN HIPERAGUDA A LODOS DE PERFORACIÓN EN BASE AGUA EN Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus (Familia: Hydractiniidae). ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v26n3.85300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Los desechos derivados del proceso de perforación en las plataformas marinas petroleras pueden dejar hasta 200 000 toneladas de residuos de perforación en los ecosistemas marinos. El principal agente contaminante son los lodos de perforación petrolera (LPPs), que son usados para enfriar y lubricar la broca de perforación, además de contrarrestar fuerzas de presión y posibles fugas de hidrocarburos. Se sabe que los LPPs tienen un efecto contaminante y tóxico observándose alteraciones en los ecosistemas y efectos adversos en organismos invertebrados marinos, debidos principalmente a la presencia de barita y trazas de metales pesados. En este trabajo se realizaron experimentos de exposición hiperagudos con mezclas completas de lodos de perforación base agua (WBM) a máximos niveles de concentración en colonias de Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. Los resultados mostraron cambios significativos (p < 0,001) en la morfología de los pólipos inmediatamente después del contacto con WBM, con un incremento 1,5 veces en el diámetro del pólipo y una retracción en la longitud de los tentáculos del 75 %. Después de la exposición (fase de recuperación), se observó una disminución de biomasa a las 72 h con pérdida del 50 % de los pólipos y una reducción de la mata estolonal cercana al 50 % (p < 0,01). Efectos similares han sido reportados en otras especies de cnidarios, como los corales, donde se observó retracción de pólipos y zonas expuestas de exoesqueleto. La exposición a WBM genera irritación tisular en exposición directa y en casos severos pérdida de biomasa.
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Surfactant-free one-step fabrication of gelatin/PAAm/MWCNT composites for biomedical applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vinothkanna A, Sathiyanarayanan G, Balaji P, Mathivanan K, Pugazhendhi A, Ma Y, Sekar S, Thirumurugan R. Structural characterization, functional and biological activities of an exopolysaccharide produced by probiotic Bacillus licheniformis AG-06 from Indian polyherbal fermented traditional medicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:144-152. [PMID: 33482213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was purified from the probiotic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis AG-06 isolated from the polyherbal fermented traditional medicine (Ashwagandharishta) of Indian Ayurveda. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based compositional analysis exhibits the heteropolymeric nature of the EPS consisting of galactose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, and glucose, as the monomeric units. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses confirm the presence of typical carbohydrate polymer functional groups and structural units, respectively. The purified EPS demonstrates the web-like fibrous and porous nature in scanning electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic studies. The purified EPS had shown 71.83% and 67.79% of flocculation and emulsification activities, respectively. Antioxidant activity was evaluated against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nitric oxide, and superoxide free radicals and the scavenging actions were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the purified EPS exhibits a significant cytotoxic activity against the human lung carcinoma cells (A549), which strongly suggests the anticancer potential of the EPS derived from B. licheniformis AG-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Vinothkanna
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesan Sathiyanarayanan
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environments (LEMIRE), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), CEA Cadarache, 13108 St-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Perumalsamy Balaji
- National Center for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Mathivanan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yongkun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Soundarapandian Sekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- National Center for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
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Kurniawan SB, Abdullah SRS, Imron MF, Said NSM, Ismail N‘I, Hasan HA, Othman AR, Purwanti IF. Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9312. [PMID: 33322826 PMCID: PMC7764310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge. The conventional coagulation-flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. As a counterpoint, the development of biocoagulants/bioflocculants for drinking water and wastewater treatment is intensively reviewed. The characterization, origin, potential sources, and application of this green technology are critically reviewed. This review paper also provides a thorough discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the further utilization and application of biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water and wastewater treatment, including the importance of the selection of raw materials, the simplification of extraction processes, the application to different water and wastewater characteristics, the scaling up of this technology to a real industrial scale, and also the potential for sludge recovery by utilizing biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water/wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Nur ‘Izzati Ismail
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.K.); (S.R.S.A.); (N.S.M.S.); (N.I.I.); (H.A.H.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Ipung Fitri Purwanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia;
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Rashid R, Ejaz U, Ali FI, Hashmi IA, Bari A, Liu J, Wang L, Fu P, Sohail M. Combined pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse using alkali and ionic liquid to increase hemicellulose content and xylanase production. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:64. [PMID: 33298027 PMCID: PMC7724814 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin in sugarcane bagasse (SB) hinders its utilization by microorganism, therefore, pretreatment methods are employed to make fermentable components accessible to the microbes. Multivariate analysis of different chemical pretreatment methods can aid to select the most appropriate strategy to valorize a particular biomass. RESULTS Amongst methods tested, the pretreatment by using sodium hydroxide in combination with methyltrioctylammonium chloride, an ionic liquid, (NaOH+IL) was the most significant for xylanase production by Bacillus aestuarii UE25. Investigation of optimal levels of five significant variables by adopting Box-Behnken design (BBD) predicted 20 IU mL- 1 of xylanase and experimentally, a titer of 17.77 IU mL- 1 was obtained which indicated the validity of the model. The production kinetics showed that volumetric productivity of xylanase was much higher after 24 h (833.33 IU L- 1 h- 1) than after 48 h (567.08 IU L- 1 h- 1). The extracted xylan from SB induced more xylanase in the fermentation medium than pretreated SB or commercially purified xylan. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of SB indicated removal of lignin and changes in the structure of SB after NaOH+IL pretreatment and fermentation. CONCLUSION Combined pretreatment of SB with alkali and methyltrioctylammonium chloride appeared better than other chemical methods for bacterial xylanase production and for the extraction of xylan form SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozina Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Firdous Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Okaiyeto K, Ekundayo TC, Okoh AI. Global research trends on bioflocculant potentials in wastewater remediation from 1990 to 2019 using a bibliometric approach. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:567-579. [PMID: 32780872 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The preference of biofloculants over chemical flocculants in water and wastewater remediation systems has gained wider attention due to their biodegradability, innocuousness, safety to human and environmental friendliness. The present study aimed to evaluate research outputs on bioflocculant potentials in wastewater remediation from 1990 to 2019 using bibliometric analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric report in bioflocculant research. The subject bibliometric dataset was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus using the Boolean, 'bioflocculant* and waste*' and analysed for indicators such as a yearly trend, productivity (authors, articles, country, institution and journal source), conceptual framework and collaboration network. We found 119 documents with 347 authors from 78 journal sources on the subject, an annual growth rate of 12·1%, and average citations/document of 15·08. Guo J. and Wang Y. were the top researchers with 15 and 12 outputs respectively. China (42%) and South Africa (9·24%) ranked the top two dominant countries in the field. The top journals were Bioresource Technology (9 papers, 506 citations), Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (5 papers, 268 citations), whereas, the top institution was Chengdu University of Information and Technology (n = 9 documents) followed by Sichuan Univ. Sci. & Engn, China (n = 8 documents). This study found that lack of intercountry collaboration and research funding adversely affects research participants in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okaiyeto
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - T C Ekundayo
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria
| | - A I Okoh
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Maćczak P, Kaczmarek H, Ziegler-Borowska M. Recent Achievements in Polymer Bio-Based Flocculants for Water Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3951. [PMID: 32906667 PMCID: PMC7559979 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer flocculants are used to promote solid-liquid separation processes in potable water and wastewater treatment. Recently, bio-based flocculants have received a lot of attention due to their superior advantages over conventional synthetic polymers or inorganic agents. Among natural polymers, polysaccharides show many benefits such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, ability to undergo different chemical modifications, and wide accessibility from renewable sources. The following article provides an overview of bio-based flocculants and their potential application in water treatment, which may be an indication to look for safer alternatives compared to synthetic polymers. Based on the recent literature, a new approach in searching for biopolymer flocculants sources, flocculation mechanisms, test methods, and factors affecting this process are presented. Particular attention is paid to flocculants based on starch, cellulose, chitosan, and their derivatives because they are low-cost and ecological materials, accepted in industrial practice. New trends in water treatment technology, including biosynthetic polymers, nanobioflocculants, and stimulant-responsive flocculants are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Maćczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.-B.)
- Water Supply and Sewage Enterprise LLC, Przemysłowa 4, 99-300 Kutno, Poland
| | - Halina Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.-B.)
| | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.-B.)
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Mohammed JN, Wan Dagang WRZ. Implications for industrial application of bioflocculant demand alternatives to conventional media: waste as a substitute. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:1807-1822. [PMID: 32144213 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradability and safety of the bioflocculants make them a potential alternative to non-biodegradable chemical flocculants for wastewater treatment. However, low yield and production cost has been reported to be the limiting factor for large scale bioflocculant production. Although the utilization of cheap nutrient sources is generally appealing for large scale bioproduct production, exploration to meet the demand for them is still low. Although much progress has been achieved at laboratory scale, Industrial production and application of bioflocculant is yet to be viable due to cost of the production medium and low yield. Thus, the prospects of bioflocculant application as an alternative to chemical flocculants is linked to evaluation and utilization of cheap alternative and renewable nutrient sources. This review evaluates the latest literature on the utilization of waste/wastewater as an alternative substitute for conventional expensive nutrient sources. It focuses on the mechanisms and metabolic pathways involved in microbial flocculant synthesis, culture conditions and nutrient requirements for bioflocculant production, pre-treatment, and also optimization of waste substrate for bioflocculant synthesis and bioflocculant production from waste and their efficiencies. Utilization of wastes as a microbial nutrient source drastically reduces the cost of bioflocculant production and increases the appeal of bioflocculant as a cost-effective alternative to chemical flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibrin Ndejiko Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, PMB11, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria; Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia E-mail:
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Evaluation of Fresh Water Actinomycete Bioflocculant and Its Biotechnological Applications in Wastewaters Treatment and Removal of Heavy Metals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183337. [PMID: 31510036 PMCID: PMC6765771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of a biopolymeric flocculant produced by Terrabacter sp. isolated from Sterkfontein Dam, South Africa. Microbial flocculants aid the aggregation of suspended solutes in solutions, thus, suggesting its alternative application to inorganic and synthetic organic flocculants, which are associated with health-related problems. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed the bacteria to have 98% similarity to Terrabacter sp. MUSC78T and the sequence was deposited in the Genbank as Terrabacter sp. with accession number KF682157.1. A series of experimental parameters such as bioflocculant dosage, cations concentrations, pH, and application of the purified bioflocculant in wastewaters treatment were investigated. In the presence of glucose as a sole carbon source, Ca2+ as cation at pH 8, the optimal flocculating activity attained was 85%. Optimum bioflocculant dosage of 0.5 mg/mL was able to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), nitrate, and turbidity in dairy wastewater. In addition, the tested bioflocculant exhibited higher flocculating efficiency as compared to polyaluminum chloride, polyethylenime, and alum. Inductible coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analyses confirmed significant removal of 77.7% Fe, 74.8% Al, 61.9% Mn, and 57.6% Zn as representatives of heavy metals from treated dairy wastewater. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups in the purified bioflocculant which could be responsible for flocculation. Findings from this study showed the prospect of the studied bioflocculant as an alternative candidate in wastewater treatment and remediating of heavy metals.
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Ayangbenro AS, Babalola OO, Aremu OS. Bioflocculant production and heavy metal sorption by metal resistant bacterial isolates from gold mining soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:113-120. [PMID: 31128345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two bioflocculant producing bacterial isolates from mining soil samples were investigated for their application in heavy metal removal. The bacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas koreensis and Pantoea sp. using 16S rRNA gene. Cadmium resistant genes cadA and CzcD were detected in Pantoea sp. while P. koreensis harbor CzcD and chrA responsible for Cd and Cr resistance respectively. The isolates showed maximum flocculating activity of 71.3% and 51.7% with glucose and yield of 2.98 g L-1 and 3.26 g L-1 for Pantoea sp. and P. koreensis respectively. The optimum flocculating activity was achieved at pH 7.5 and temperature of 30 °C. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the bioflocculants produced by the two isolates showed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups characteristic of polysaccharide and protein. Heavy metal sorption by bioflocculant of Pantoea sp. removed 51.2% Cd, 52.5% Cr and 80.5% Pb while that of P. koreensis removed 48.5% Cd, 42.5% Cr and 73.7% Pb. The bioflocculants produced have potential in metal removal from industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro
- Food Security and Safety Niche,Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche,Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
| | - Oluwole Samuel Aremu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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32
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Culture optimization for production and characterization of bioflocculant by Aspergillus flavus grown on chicken viscera hydrolysate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:121. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mohammed JN, Wan Dagang WRZ. Development of a new culture medium for bioflocculant production using chicken viscera. MethodsX 2019; 6:1467-1472. [PMID: 31289724 PMCID: PMC6593163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The economy of mass bioflocculant production and its industrial application is couple with the cost of production. The growth medium is the most significant factor that accounts for the production cost. In order to find a substitute for the expensive commercial media mostly the carbon and nitrogen sources used for bioflocculant production, we use chicken viscera as a sole source of nutrient for bioflocculant production. The culture conditions for Aspergillus flavus S44-1 growth and bioflocculant yield were optimized through one factor at a time (OFAT). The use of chicken viscera as a sole source to develop a culture medium seems to be more appropriate, simple, reduce cost of bioflocculant production and in addition offers a sustainable means of managing environmental pollution by the poultry waste. In this article, we focus on detailed description of the steps involve in developing an optimized culture medium using chicken viscera as a sole source for bioflocculant production. A new media for bioflocculant production was developed from chicken viscera. The culture conditions for bioflocculant production were determined and optimized. The bioflocculant yield and efficiency were parallel to mycelial weight at log phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibrin Ndejiko Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, PMB 11, Lapai, Nigeria.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Optimization and Application of Bioflocculant Passivated Copper Nanoparticles in the Wastewater Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122185. [PMID: 31226768 PMCID: PMC6616601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers a great opportunity for efficient removal of pollutants and pathogenic microorganisms in water. Copper nanoparticles were synthesized using a polysaccharide bioflocculant and its flocculation, removal efficiency, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using thermogravimetry, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The highest flocculation activity (FA) was achieved with the lowest concentration of copper nanoparticles (0.2 mg/mL) with 96% (FA) and the least flocculation activity was 80% at 1 mg/mL. The copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) work well without the addition of the cation as the flocculation activity was 96% and worked best at weak acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH with the optimal FA of 96% at pH 7. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were found to be thermostable with 91% FA at 100 °C. The synthesized copper nanoparticles are also high in removal efficiency of staining dyes, such as safranin (92%), carbol fuchsine (94%), malachite green (97%), and methylene blue (85%). The high removal efficiency of nutrients such as phosphate and total nitrogen in both domestic wastewater and Mzingazi river water was observed. In comparison to ciprofloxacin, CuNPs revealed some remarkable properties as they are able to kill both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.
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35
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Bisht V, Lal B. Exploration of Performance Kinetics and Mechanism of Action of a Potential Novel Bioflocculant BF-VB2 on Clay and Dye Wastewater Flocculation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1288. [PMID: 31231353 PMCID: PMC6568053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores production of an efficient bioflocculant; BF-VB2, by strain Bacillus sp. TERI VB2 and proposes its potential application in wastewater treatment. One milligram of BF-VB2 can effectively flocculate 1980.0 mg ± 5.0 mg of kaolin particles leading to 99.0% ± 0.5% enhancement in flocculation activity and 99.6% ± 1.0% reduction in turbidity; in less time. BF-VB2 when applied for treatment of textile dyeing industrial wastewater revealed reduction in dye color (82.78% ± 3.03%), COD (92.54% ± 0.24%), TSS (73.59% ± 0.71%), and chloride ions (81.90% ± 0.716%). The best-fit kinetic model (for both COD removal, and dye decolorization) was pseudo-first order with regression coefficient of 0.98 and 0.95, and rate constant of 4.33 × 10-2 and 1.83 × 102, respectively. Bridging due to presence of surface charges have been proposed as flocculation mechanism. From results obtained during test-tube studies, flocculation in larger volumes (0.01–5.0 L) was also performed to intend taking up BF-VB2 for in situ industrial wastewater treatment. This eco-friendly polysaccharide bioflocculant had longer shelf-life, stability to pH and temperature, cation-independence, and emerged to be more efficient than other flocculants assessed. This study proposed BF-VB2 as a potential natural flocculant candidate for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Bisht
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India.,Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Center, New Delhi, India
| | - Banwari Lal
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Center, New Delhi, India
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Zeng T, Hu XQ, Wu H, Yang JW, Zhang HB. Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of a novel bio-based flocculant from dextran and chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:760-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang D, Ye Q, Zhang F, Shao X, Fan Y, Zhu X, Li Y, Yao L, Tian Y, Zheng T, Xu H. Flocculating properties and potential of Halobacillus sp. strain H9 for the mitigation of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:138-146. [PMID: 30471494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa can cause harmful algal blooms in freshwaters worldwide. It has already seriously affected human lives and prevented the use of water resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop ecofriendly and effective methods to control and eliminate M. aeruginosa in aquatic environments. In this study, Halobacillus sp. strain H9, a bacterium that showed high M. aeruginosa flocculation activity, was isolated and selected to assess its potential for the removal of M. aeruginosa. The analyses of flocculation activity and mode indicated that the strain H9 induced M. aeruginosa flocculation by secreting active flocculating substance rather than by directly contacting algal cells. A 5% concentration of the H9 supernatant could efficiently flocculate M. aeruginosa cells with a density of up to 5 × 107 cells/mL. Dramatic increases in the zeta potential indicated that charge neutralization could be the mechanism of the flocculation process. The strain H9 flocculated M. aeruginosa with no damage to the algal cell membrane, and did not result in microcystin being released into the surrounding environment. The flocculated algal culture was less toxic to zebrafish larvae, suggesting an environmentally friendly benefit of the H9 supernatant. In addition to M. aeruginosa, the H9 strain was also able to flocculate two other species causing harmful algal blooms, Phaeocystis globose and Heterosigma akashiwo. Furthermore, the flocculation activity of the H9 supernatant was stable at different temperatures and over a wide pH range. These characteristics give the H9 strain great potential for mitigating the influences of harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Fuxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Xueping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Yinan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Luming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Yun Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Tianling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
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Abu Tawila ZMM, Ismail S, Abu Amr SS, Abou Elkhair EK. A novel efficient bioflocculant QZ-7 for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27825-27834. [PMID: 35530503 PMCID: PMC9070865 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04683f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel bioflocculant QZ-7 was produced from Bacillus salmalaya 139SI for industrial wastewater treatment. Biochemical analysis, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were performed. A synthetic wastewater sample was used to validate the performance of the prepared OZ-7 for the adsorption efficiency of As, Zn2+ Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ under optimal experimental conditions such as initial metal concentrations, pH, contact time (h) and QZ-7 adsorbent dosage (mg mL−1). The maximum removal efficiency for Zn2+ (81.3%), As (78.6%), Pb2+ (77.9%), Cu2+ (76.1%), and Cd2+ (68.7%) was achieved using an optimal bioflocculant dosage of 60 mg L−1 at 2 h shaking time, 100 rpm and pH 7. Furthermore, the obtained optimum experimental conditions were validated using real industrial wastewater and the removal efficiencies of 89.8%, 77.4% and 58.4% were obtained for As, Zn2+ and Cu2+, respectively. The results revealed that the prepared bioflocculant QZ-7 has the capability to be used for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. In this study, a novel bioflocculant was produced using Bacillus salmalaya 139SI for industrial waste water treatment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayed M. M. Abu Tawila
- Institute of Biological Science
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Salmah Ismail
- Institute of Biological Science
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Salem S. Abu Amr
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, (UniKL, MICET)
- Melaka
- Malaysia
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Ndejiko JM, Zana Wan Dagang WR. Flocculation behaviour of bioflocculant produced from chicken viscera. E3S WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019; 90:01013. [DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20199001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The flocculation performance of bioflocculant produced by Aspergillus flavus S44-1 grown on chicken viscera hydrolysate was investigated. The investigations were carried out using jar testing and kaolin clay suspension as model wastewater. The bioflocculant yielded a minimum of 83.1% efficiency in flocculating 2-12 g L-1 kaolin clay suspension over a wide temperature range (4-80 °C) and functioned maximally at neutral pH. The bioflocculant significantly flocculated different suspended particles such as activated carbon (92%), soil solid (94.8%), and algae (69.4%) at varying concentrations. Bridging mediated by cation is suggested as the main mechanism of flocculation by the present bioflocculant.
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Xia X, Lan S, Li X, Xie Y, Liang Y, Yan P, Chen Z, Xing Y. Characterization and coagulation-flocculation performance of a composite flocculant in high-turbidity drinking water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:701-708. [PMID: 29783055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella variicola B16, a microbial bioflocculant (MBF-B16)-producing bacteria, was isolated and identified by its 16S rRNA sequence, biochemical properties, and physiological characteristics. The effects of culture conditions on MBF-B16 production, including carbon source, nitrogen source, C/N ratio, initial pH, and culture temperature, were investigated in this study. Results showed that 6.96 g of MBF-B16 could be extracted from a 1-L culture broth under optimized conditions. Chemical analysis showed that polysaccharide and protein were the main components. The neutral sugar consisted of galactose only, which was proposed in Klebsiella genus for the first time. In addition, a composite flocculant (CF) that contains polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) and MBF-B16 for the removal of turbidity and SS in drinking water was optimized by response surface methodology. CF could reduce PAFC dosage by about 56.2-72%. Charge neutralization and adsorption bridging effect were the primary flocculation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xudong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yifei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yajie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peihan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhengyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (SEKL-SW), Chengdu University of Technology State Environmental Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 610059, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yunxiao Xing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Sichuan, PR China
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Abstract
Environmental pollution arising from metal(loid)s is a result of industrialization, and has led to serious health issues. Conventional methods of metal(loid) removal often results in generation of secondary waste which is toxic to the environment. Bioremediation in combination with physicochemical techniques offer an excellent and effective means of removal. The use of secondary metabolites and extracellular polymers produced by microorganisms is an effective procedure employed in metal(loid) sequestration and reduction in toxicity of contaminated environments. These biopolymers have different chemical structures and have shown varied selectivity to different metal(loid)s. This review discusses various microbial polymers, their mechanism of metal(loid) removal and their potential application in remediation of contaminated environment.
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Salehizadeh H, Yan N, Farnood R. Recent advances in polysaccharide bio-based flocculants. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:92-119. [PMID: 28993221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides, derived from biomass feedstocks, marine resources, and microorganisms, have been attracting considerable attention as benign and environmentally friendly substitutes for synthetic polymeric products. Besides many other applications, these biopolymers are rapidly emerging as viable alternatives to harmful synthetic flocculating agents for the removal of contaminants from water and wastewater. In recent years, a great deal of effort has been devoted to improve the production and performance of polysaccharide bio-based flocculants. In this review, current trends in preparation and chemical modification of polysaccharide bio-based flocculants and their flocculation performance are discussed. Aspects including mechanisms of flocculation, biosynthesis, classification, purification and characterization, chemical modification, the effect of physicochemical factors on flocculating activity, and recent applications of polysaccharide bio-based flocculants are summarized and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Salehizadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada; Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada.
| | - Ramin Farnood
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Influence of polyelectrolytes and other polymer complexes on the flocculation and rheological behaviors of clay minerals: A comprehensive review. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ntozonke N, Okaiyeto K, Okoli AS, Olaniran AO, Nwodo UU, Okoh AI. A Marine Bacterium, Bacillus sp. Isolated from the Sediment Samples of Algoa Bay in South Africa Produces a Polysaccharide-Bioflocculant. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101149. [PMID: 28961180 PMCID: PMC5664650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioflocculants mediate the removal of suspended particles from solution and the efficiency of flocculation is dependent on the characteristics of the flocculant. Apart from the merits of biodegradability and harmlessness, bioflocculants could be viable as industrially relevant flocculants as they are a renewable resource. Additionally, the shortcomings associated with the conventionally used flocculants such as aluminium salts and acrylamide polymers, which include dementia and cancer, highlight more the need to use bioflocculants as an alternative. Consequently, in this study a marine sediment bacterial isolate was screened for bioflocculant production. Basic local alignment search tools (BLAST) analysis of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) sequence of the bacterial isolate showed 98% similarity to Bacillus thuringiensis MR-R1. The bacteria produced bioflocculant optimally with inoculum size (4% v/v) (85%), glucose (85.65%) and mixed nitrogen source (urea, ammonium chloride and yeast extract) (75.9%) and the divalent cation (Ca2+) (62.3%). Under optimal conditions, a maximum flocculating activity of over 85% was attained after 60 h of cultivation. The purified polysaccharide-bioflocculant flocculated optimally at alkaline pH 12 (81%), in the presence of Mn2+ (73%) and Ca2+ (72.8%). The high flocculation activity shown indicates that the bioflocculant may contend favourably as an alternative to the conventionally used flocculants in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ncedo Ntozonke
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Kunle Okaiyeto
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Arinze S Okoli
- GenØK-Centre for Biosafety, Forskningsparken i Breivika, Postboks 6418, 9294 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ademola O Olaniran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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Optimization of Cellulase and Xylanase Production by Micrococcus Species under Submerged Fermentation. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nguyen VH, Klai N, Nguyen TD, Tyagi RD. Impact of extraction methods on bio-flocculants recovered from backwashed sludge of bio-filtration unit. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 180:344-50. [PMID: 27243923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Effect of ten extraction methods on flocculation activity and chemical composition of bio-flocculants recovered from backwashed sludge of bio-filtration unit was studied. The results showed that the chemical method was better than physical method with respect to the extracted BFs weight and its flocculation activity. Cell lysis did not affect to the flocculation activity of BFs. Among ten extraction methods, EDTA (20 g/L) was the best one with extracted BFs dry weight of 6242 mg/L and flocculation activity of 83%. Optimization of EDTA concentration showed that 5 g EDTA/L (or 0.2 g EDTA/g SS) was suitable for recovery of BFs from backwashed sludge. The flocculation activity of BFs was 94% when using 2.4 mg of BFs/g of kaolin. The outcome of this study suggested that backwashed sludge of the bio-filtration unit was a potential source for exploiting bio-flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hoang Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nouha Klai
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Thanh Dong Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Assessment of Bacillus pumilus Isolated from Fresh Water Milieu for Bioflocculant Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6080211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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48
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Okaiyeto K, Nwodo UU, Okoli SA, Mabinya LV, Okoh AI. Implications for public health demands alternatives to inorganic and synthetic flocculants: bioflocculants as important candidates. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:177-211. [PMID: 26914994 PMCID: PMC4831466 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical flocculants are generally used in drinking water and wastewater treatment due to their efficacy and cost effectiveness. However, the question of their toxicity to human health and environmental pollution has been a major concern. In this article, we review the application of some chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment, and bioflocculants as a potential alternative to these chemical flocculants. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report in the literature that provides an up‐to‐date review of the relevant literature on both chemical flocculants and bioflocculants in one paper. As a result, this review paper comprehensively discussed the various chemical flocculants used in water treatment, including their advantages and disadvantages. It also gave insights into bioflocculants production, challenges, various factors influencing their flocculating efficiency and their industrial applications, as well as future research directions including improvement of bioflocculants yields and flocculating activity, and production of cation‐independent bioflocculants. The molecular biology and synthesis of bioflocculants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Okaiyeto
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Stanley A Okoli
- GenØK - Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, 9291, Norway
| | - Leonard V Mabinya
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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