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Liu W, Guo S, Zhang H, Chen Y, Shao Y, Yuan Z. Effect of Altitude Gradients on the Spatial Distribution Mechanism of Soil Bacteria in Temperate Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forests. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1034. [PMID: 38930416 PMCID: PMC11206066 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil bacteria are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and they play a crucial role in driving energy flow and material circulation. Currently, many uncertainties remain about how the composition and distribution patterns of bacterial communities change along altitude gradients, especially in forest ecosystems with strong altitude gradients in climate, vegetation, and soil properties. Based on dynamic site monitoring of the Baiyun Mountain Forest National Park (33°38'-33°42' N, 111°47'-111°51' E), this study used Illumina technology to sequence 120 soil samples at the site and explored the spatial distribution mechanisms and ecological processes of soil bacteria under different altitude gradients. Our results showed that the composition of soil bacterial communities varied significantly between different altitude gradients, affecting soil bacterial community building by influencing the balance between deterministic and stochastic processes; in addition, bacterial communities exhibited broader ecological niche widths and a greater degree of stochasticity under low-altitude conditions, implying that, at lower altitudes, community assembly is predominantly influenced by stochastic processes. Light was the dominant environmental factor that influenced variation in the entire bacterial community as well as other taxa across different altitude gradients. Moreover, changes in the altitude gradient could cause significant differences in the diversity and community composition of bacterial taxa. Our study revealed significant differences in bacterial community composition in the soil under different altitude gradients. The bacterial communities at low elevation gradients were mainly controlled by stochasticity processes, and bacterial community assembly was strongly influenced by deterministic processes at middle altitudes. Furthermore, light was an important environmental factor that affects differences. This study revealed that the change of altitude gradient had an important effect on the development of the soil bacterial community and provided a theoretical basis for the sustainable development and management of soil bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yizhen Shao
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhiliang Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.L.); (S.G.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Cubillos CF, Aguilar P, Moreira D, Bertolino P, Iniesto M, Dorador C, López-García P. Exploring the prokaryote-eukaryote interplay in microbial mats from an Andean athalassohaline wetland. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0007224. [PMID: 38456669 PMCID: PMC10986560 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00072-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial community assembly results from the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors. However, environmental selection is thought to predominantly shape communities in extreme ecosystems. Salar de Huasco, situated in the high-altitude Andean Altiplano, represents a poly-extreme ecosystem displaying spatial gradients of physicochemical conditions. To disentangle the influence of abiotic and biotic factors, we studied prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities from microbial mats and underlying sediments across contrasting areas of this athalassohaline ecosystem. The prokaryotic communities were primarily composed of bacteria, notably including a significant proportion of photosynthetic organisms like Cyanobacteria and anoxygenic photosynthetic members of Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Additionally, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Deltaproteobacteria were abundantly represented. Among eukaryotes, photosynthetic organisms (Ochrophyta and Archaeplastida) were predominant, alongside relatively abundant ciliates, cercozoans, and flagellated fungi. Salinity emerged as a key driver for the assembly of prokaryotic communities. Collectively, abiotic factors influenced both prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, particularly those of algae. However, prokaryotic communities strongly correlated with photosynthetic eukaryotes, suggesting a pivotal role of biotic interactions in shaping these communities. Co-occurrence networks suggested potential interactions between different organisms, such as diatoms with specific photosynthetic and heterotrophic bacteria or with protist predators, indicating influences beyond environmental selection. While some associations may be explained by environmental preferences, the robust biotic correlations, alongside insights from other ecosystems and experimental studies, suggest that symbiotic and trophic interactions significantly shape microbial mat and sediment microbial communities in this athalassohaline ecosystem.IMPORTANCEHow biotic and abiotic factors influence microbial community assembly is still poorly defined. Here, we explore their influence on prokaryotic and eukaryotic community assembly within microbial mats and sediments of an Andean high-altitude polyextreme wetland system. We show that, in addition to abiotic elements, mutual interactions exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. Notably, photosynthetic eukaryotes exhibit a strong correlation with prokaryotic communities, specifically diatoms with certain bacteria and other protists. Our findings underscore the significance of biotic interactions in community assembly and emphasize the necessity of considering the complete microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina F. Cubillos
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pablo Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana, Instituto Antofagasta and Centro de Bioingeniería y Biotecnología (CeBiB), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Austral Invasive Salmonids - INVASAL, Concepción, Chile
| | - David Moreira
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paola Bertolino
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Miguel Iniesto
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cristina Dorador
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana, Instituto Antofagasta and Centro de Bioingeniería y Biotecnología (CeBiB), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Acosta E, Nitsche F, Dorador C, Arndt H. Protist communities of microbial mats from the extreme environments of five saline Andean lagoons at high altitudes in the Atacama Desert. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1356977. [PMID: 38572231 PMCID: PMC10987879 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heterotrophic protists colonizing microbial mats have received little attention over the last few years, despite their importance in microbial food webs. A significant challenge originates from the fact that many protists remain uncultivable and their functions remain poorly understood. Methods Metabarcoding studies of protists in microbial mats across high-altitude lagoons of different salinities (4.3-34 practical salinity units) were carried out to provide insights into their vertical stratification at the millimeter scale. DNA and cDNA were analyzed for selected stations. Results Sequence variants classified as the amoeboid rhizarian Rhogostoma and the ciliate Euplotes were found to be common members of the heterotrophic protist communities. They were accompanied by diatoms and kinetoplastids. Correlation analyses point to the salinity of the water column as a main driver influencing the structure of the protist communities at the five studied microbial mats. The active part of the protist communities was detected to be higher at lower salinities (<20 practical salinity units). Discussion We found a restricted overlap of the protist community between the different microbial mats indicating the uniqueness of these different aquatic habitats. On the other hand, the dominating genotypes present in metabarcoding were similar and could be isolated and sequenced in comparative studies (Rhogostoma, Euplotes, Neobodo). Our results provide a snapshot of the unculturable protist diversity thriving the benthic zone of five athalossohaline lagoons across the Andean plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Acosta
- Department of General Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Nitsche
- Department of General Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cristina Dorador
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Department of General Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Houwenhuyse S, Callens M, Bulteel L, Decaestecker E. Comparison between the gut bacterial community of laboratory cultured and wild Daphnia. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad116. [PMID: 37740575 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The fitness of an organism is often impacted by the composition and biological activity of its associated bacterial community. Many factors, including host genetics, diet, and temperature can influence the bacterial community composition. Furthermore, these factors can differ strongly between natural and laboratory environments. Consequently, several studies have highlighted results from laboratory experiments investigating host-associated bacterial communities to be conflicting with those obtained under field conditions. Here, we compared the Daphnia magna gut bacterial communities in natural host populations with those of laboratory cultured hosts. We further analyzed changes in the gut bacterial communities after transferring hosts from natural populations to the laboratory on the short- and long-term. Results show that, in general, the gut bacterial communities from natural populations differ from those of laboratory cultures and that their composition and diversity changed one hour after being transferred to the laboratory. Over the following 14 days, the composition and diversity changed gradually. On the longer term (after two years of rearing hosts in the laboratory) the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial communities was strongly altered compared to the initial state. Our findings indicate that the gut bacterial communities of Daphnia magna in laboratory experiments is not representative for natural field conditions, and that caution should be taken when interpreting results from laboratory experiments for natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Houwenhuyse
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven- KU Leuven, Campus KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Gent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Martijn Callens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven- KU Leuven, Campus KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- Animal Sciences Unit - Aquatic Environment and Quality, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Oostende 8400, Belgium
| | - Lore Bulteel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven- KU Leuven, Campus KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ellen Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven- KU Leuven, Campus KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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Lennartz Née Rybarski AE, Nitsche F, Schoenle A, Voigt C, Staubwasser M, Arndt H. High diversity and isolated distribution of aquatic heterotrophic protists in salars of the Atacama Desert at different salinities. Eur J Protistol 2023; 89:125987. [PMID: 37245304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The species richness of eukaryotes in the hypersaline environment is generally thought to be low. However, recent studies showed a high degree of phylogenetic novelty at these extreme conditions with variable chemical parameters. These findings call for a more thorough look into the species richness of hypersaline environments. In this study, various hypersaline lakes (salars, 1-348 PSU) as well as further aquatic ecosystems of northern Chile were investigated regarding diversity of heterotrophic protists by metabarcoding studies of surface water samples. Investigations of genotypes of 18S rRNA genes showed a unique community composition in nearly each salar and even among different microhabitats within one salar. The genotype distribution showed no clear connection to the composition of main ions at the sampling sites, but protist communities from similar salinity ranges (either hypersaline, hyposaline or mesosaline) clustered together regarding their OTU composition. Salars appeared to be fairly isolated systems with only little exchange of protist communities where evolutionary lineages could separately evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Lennartz Née Rybarski
- Department of General Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Straße 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Nitsche
- Department of General Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Straße 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schoenle
- Department of General Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Straße 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Voigt
- Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Straße 49b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; Department of Biology and Geology, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s.n, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - Michael Staubwasser
- Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Straße 49b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Department of General Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Straße 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
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Paquis P, Hengst MB, Florez JZ, Tapia J, Molina V, Pérez V, Pardo-Esté C. Short-term characterisation of climatic-environmental variables and microbial community diversity in a high-altitude Andean wetland (Salar de Huasco, Chile). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160291. [PMID: 36410480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community structures are shaped by geochemical factors and their interactions with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere through the processes of chemical mobilisation and mineralisation. High-altitude wetlands and salt flats in the central Andes are characterised by pronounced physicochemical gradients and extreme climatic conditions, representing hotspots of microbial diversity. We here hypothesise about the existence of direct relationships between the local microbiology and the climate cyclicity variables based on meteorological and biogeochemical patterns that develop over a short time scale (five years). We have here analysed the interactions between hydrometeorological and biogeochemical variables and the microbial communities of the Salar de Huasco. These results were obtained by correlating 16S cDNA and DNA gene Illumina sequences with meteorological/satellite data collected both at monitoring stations and by remote sensing between the years 2015 and 2020. The precipitation levels and flooded areas (i.e., areas covered and/or saturated with permanent water) detected in the Salar de Huasco revealed a marked hydric cyclicity that correlated seasonally with intra-annual wet and dry seasons. Overall, at this site, wet periods occurred from December to April, and dry periods from May to November. Meteorological variables such as solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and wind direction were well-defined, showing a potential association with the hydrogeology of the area, which is directly related to the wetlands' flooded areas. Finally, the microbial presence and potentially active microbial communities were determined through the sequencing of the 16S gene (DNA and cDNA, respectively), this were associated with climatic seasonality and spatially distributed physical and chemical heterogeneity. Other non-local inter-annual scale processes, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, modify the physical and chemical context of the wetland, thus forming unique ecological niches in the Andean Mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Paquis
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Geología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Martha B Hengst
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - July Z Florez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas y HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Joseline Tapia
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Verónica Molina
- Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas y HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro COPAS Coastal, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Vilma Pérez
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Coral Pardo-Esté
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
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Differential Effects of Viruses on the Growth Efficiency of Freshwater Bacterioplankton in Eutrophic Relative to Non-Eutrophic Lakes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020384. [PMID: 36838349 PMCID: PMC9966266 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In aquatic environments, the consensus of viral impact on bacterial carbon metabolism with the nutrient environment as an important axis is limited. Henceforth, we explored the viral regulation of carbon-based bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) in a set of freshwater systems from French Massif Central, which were broadly classified based on two trophic statuses: eutrophic and non-eutrophic lakes. Comparative analysis showed that microbial abundances (viruses and bacteria) were 3-fold higher in eutrophic compared with non-eutrophic lakes, and so were bacterial production and viral lytic infection. The observed variability in BGE (10-60%) was explained by the uncoupling between bacterial respiration and production. Viruses through selective lysis of susceptible host communities had an antagonistic impact on BGE in the eutrophic lakes, whereas the release of substrates via viral shunt exerted a synergistic influence on the carbon metabolism of non-targeted host populations in non-eutrophic lakes. The decisive effect of the two individual processes (i.e., lysis and substrate release) on BGE was supported by regressions of bacterial abundance as a function of bacterial production, which is considered as a proxy of top-down processes. The role of viruses through their negative impact via mortality and positive impact via substrate supply can eventually have implications on carbon transfer through bacterioplankton in freshwaters.
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Eissler Y, Castillo-Reyes A, Dorador C, Cornejo-D'Ottone M, Celis-Plá PSM, Aguilar P, Molina V. Virus-to-prokaryote ratio in the Salar de Huasco and different ecosystems of the Southern hemisphere and its relationship with physicochemical and biological parameters. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:938066. [PMID: 36060762 PMCID: PMC9434117 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.938066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR) has been used in many ecosystems to study the relationship between viruses and their hosts. While high VPR values indicate a high rate of prokaryotes' cell lysis, low values are interpreted as a decrease in or absence of viral activity. Salar de Huasco is a high-altitude wetland characterized by a rich microbial diversity associated with aquatic sites like springs, ponds, streams and a lagoon with variable physicochemical conditions. Samples from two ponds, Poza Rosada (PR) and Poza Verde (PV), were analyzed by epifluorescence microscopy to determine variability of viral and prokaryotic abundance and to calculate the VPR in a dry season. In addition, to put Salar de Huasco results into perspective, a compilation of research articles on viral and prokaryotic abundance, VPR, and metadata from various Southern hemisphere ecosystems was revised. The ecosystems were grouped into six categories: high-altitude wetlands, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Southern Oceans and Antarctic lakes. Salar de Huasco ponds recorded similar VPR values (an average of 7.4 and 1.7 at PR and PV, respectively), ranging from 3.22 to 15.99 in PR. The VPR variability was associated with VA and chlorophyll a, when considering all data available for this ecosystem. In general, high-altitude wetlands recorded the highest VPR average (53.22 ± 95.09), followed by the Oceans, Southern (21.91 ± 25.72), Atlantic (19.57 ± 15.77) and Indian (13.43 ± 16.12), then Antarctic lakes (11.37 ± 15.82) and the Pacific Ocean (6.34 ± 3.79). Physicochemical variables, i.e., temperature, conductivity, nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate) and chlorophyll a as a biological variable, were found to drive the VPR in the ecosystems analyzed. Thus, the viral activity in the Wetland followed similar trends of previous reports based on larger sets of metadata analyses. In total, this study highlights the importance of including viruses as a biological variable to study microbial temporal dynamics in wetlands considering their crucial role in the carbon budgets of these understudied ecosystems in the southern hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna Eissler
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Yoanna Eissler
| | - Alonso Castillo-Reyes
- Escuela de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Cristina Dorador
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Antofagasta, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Cornejo-D'Ottone
- Escuela de Ciencias del Mar e Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paula S. M. Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar, Chile
- HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Polette Aguilar
- HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Verónica Molina
- HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Verónica Molina
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Vignale FA, Lencina AI, Stepanenko TM, Soria MN, Saona LA, Kurth D, Guzmán D, Foster JS, Poiré DG, Villafañe PG, Albarracín VH, Contreras M, Farías ME. Lithifying and Non-Lithifying Microbial Ecosystems in the Wetlands and Salt Flats of the Central Andes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:1-17. [PMID: 33730193 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wetlands and salt flats of the Central Andes region are unique extreme environments as they are located in high-altitude saline deserts, largely influenced by volcanic activity. Environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, arsenic content, high salinity, low dissolved oxygen content, extreme daily temperature fluctuation, and oligotrophic conditions, resemble the early Earth and potentially extraterrestrial conditions. The discovery of modern microbialites and microbial mats in the Central Andes during the past decade has increased the interest in this area as an early Earth analog. In this work, we review the current state of knowledge of Central Andes region environments found within lakes, small ponds or puquios, and salt flats of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia, many of them harboring a diverse range of microbial communities that we have termed Andean Microbial Ecosystems (AMEs). We have integrated the data recovered from all the known AMEs and compared their biogeochemistry and microbial diversity to achieve a better understanding of them and, consequently, facilitate their protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico A Vignale
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CCT-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina I Lencina
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CCT-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Tatiana M Stepanenko
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CCT-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mariana N Soria
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CCT-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luis A Saona
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CCT-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Daniel Kurth
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CCT-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Daniel Guzmán
- Centro de Biotecnología (CBT), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS), Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Jamie S Foster
- Space Life Science Lab, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Merritt Island, FL, USA
| | - Daniel G Poiré
- Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (CIG), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricio G Villafañe
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CCT-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Virginia H Albarracín
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CCT-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Centro Integral de Microscopía Electrónica (CIME)-CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - María E Farías
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CCT-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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10
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Tyagi I, Tyagi K, Bhutiani R, Chandra K, Kumar V. Bacterial diversity assessment of world's largest sewage-fed fish farms with special reference to water quality: a Ramsar site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42372-42386. [PMID: 33813698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial community structure is one of the essential components of aquaculture dynamics and plays an important role in maintaining wetland health. The present work is an effort to study the structure of bacterial communities in the world's largest sewage-fed fish farms, the East Kolkata Wetlands (EKWs), along with their predicted functional metabolic pathways and correlation with environmental variables. Sequencing data analysis revealed the abundance of genera such as Arcobacter (0-50%), Pseudomonas (0-15%), Sulfurospirillum (0-9%), Cloacibacterium (0-6%), hgcI clade (7-29%), C39 (0-9%), V6 (3-36%), Fluiivicola (1-6%) and Cyanobium (3-8%) in the EKWs. Further, water quality analysis of three treatment groups, i.e. Sewage, Sewage F-1 and Sewage F-2, revealed that dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) differed significantly and violated the standard prescribed norms (Central Pollution Control Board, CPCB, New Delhi) for fishery propagation and irrigation in India. Further, the correlation matrix analysis between the abundance of bacterial genera and environmental variables indicated that DO, BOD and COD were mainly responsible for bacterial community structure and their proliferation in the EKWs. Our results indicated that the abundance of genera such as Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Sulfurospirillum and Cloacibacterium has an inverse relationship with BOD and COD. Our observations based on the bacterial community structure and deteriorated water quality indicate the ineffective functioning and poor management of this man-made constructed wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjeet Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 700053, India
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 700053, India
| | - Rakesh Bhutiani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, 249404, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 700053, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 700053, India.
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11
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Molina V, Eissler Y, Fernandez C, Cornejo-D'Ottone M, Dorador C, Bebout BM, Jeffrey WH, Romero C, Hengst M. Greenhouse gases and biogeochemical diel fluctuations in a high-altitude wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144370. [PMID: 33454466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The landscapes of high-altitude wetland ecosystems are characterized by different kinds of aquatic sites, including ponds holding conspicuous microbial life. Here, we examined a representative pond of the wetland landscape for dynamics of greenhouse gases, and their association with other relevant biogeochemical conditions including diel shifts of microbial communities' structure and activity over two consecutive days. Satellite image analysis indicates that the area of ponds cover 238 of 381.3 Ha (i.e., 62.4%), representing a significant landscape in this wetland. Solar radiation, wind velocity and temperature varied daily and between the days sampled, influencing the biogeochemical dynamics in the pond, shifting the pond reservoir of inorganic versus dissolved organic nitrogen/phosphorus bioavailability, between day 1 and day 2. Day 2 was characterized by high dissolved organic nitrogen/phosphorus and N2O accumulation. CH4 presented a positive excess showing maxima at hours of high radiation during both days. The microbial community in the sediment was diverse and enriched in keystone active groups potentially related with GHG recycling including bacteria and archaea, such as Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Rhodobacterales and Nanoarchaeaota (Woesearchaeia). Archaea account for the microbial community composition changes between both days and for the secondary productivity in the water measured during day 2. The results indicate that an intense recycling of organic matter occurs in the pond systems and that the activity of the microbial community is correlated with the availability of nutrients. Together, the above results indicate a net sink of CO2 and N2O, which has also been reported for other natural and artificial ponds. Overall, our two-day fluctuation study in a representative pond of a high-altitude wetland aquatic landscape indicates the need to explore in more detail the short-term besides the long-term biogeochemical variability in arid ecosystems of the Andes plateau, where wetlands are hotspots of life currently under high anthropogenic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Molina
- Departamento de Biología, Observatorio de Ecología Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avenida Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avenida Leopoldo Carvallo 200, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Yoanna Eissler
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Camila Fernandez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique, de Banyuls sur Mer, F-6665 Banyuls/mer, France; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), PIA CONICYT COPAS SUR-AUSTRAL Program, Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; Centro Fondap IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 631, Valdivia 5110566, Chile.
| | - Marcela Cornejo-D'Ottone
- Escuela de Ciencias del Mar e Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Altamirano 1480, Valparaíso 2360007, Chile.
| | - Cristina Dorador
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Antofagasta, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta s/n, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Brad M Bebout
- Exobiology Branch, Ames Research Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA.
| | - Wade H Jeffrey
- Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA.
| | - Carlos Romero
- Laboratorio de Teledetección Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Geográficas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha. Avenida Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Martha Hengst
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Santiago 8320000, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte. Av Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile.
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12
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Virus and Potential Host Microbes from Viral-Enriched Metagenomic Characterization in the High-Altitude Wetland, Salar de Huasco, Chile. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071077. [PMID: 32698305 PMCID: PMC7409041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salar de Huasco is a wetland in the Andes mountains, located 3800 m above sea level at the Chilean Altiplano. Here we present a study aimed at characterizing the viral fraction and the microbial communities through metagenomic analysis. Two ponds (H0 and H3) were examined in November 2015. Water samples were processed using tangential flow filtration to obtain metagenomes from which the DNA fraction of the sample was amplified and sequenced (HiSeq system, Illumina). The ponds were characterized by freshwater and the viral-like particles to picoplankton ratio was 12.1 and 2.3 for H0 and H3, respectively. A great number of unassigned viral sequences were found in H0 (55.8%) and H3 (32.8%), followed by the family Fuselloviridae 20.8% (H0) and other less relatively abundant groups such as Microviridae (H0, 11.7% and H3, 3.3%) and Inoviridae (H3, 2.7%). The dominant viral sequences in both metagenomes belong to the order Caudovirales, with Siphoviridae being the most important family, especially in H3 (32.7%). The most important bacteria phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in both sites, followed by Cyanobacteria (H0). Genes encoding lysogenic and lytic enzymes (i.e., recombinases and integrases) were found in H0 and H3, indicating a potential for active viral replication at the time of sampling; this was supported by the presence of viral metabolic auxiliary genes at both sites (e.g., cysteine hydrolase). In total, our study indicates a great novelty of viral groups, differences in taxonomic diversity and replication pathways between sites, which contribute to a better understanding of how viruses balance the cycling of energy and matter in this extreme environment.
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Eissler Y, Gálvez MJ, Dorador C, Hengst M, Molina V. Active microbiome structure and its association with environmental factors and viruses at different aquatic sites of a high-altitude wetland. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00667. [PMID: 30062777 PMCID: PMC6436485 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salar de Huasco is a high‐altitude wetland characterized by a highly diverse microbial life adapted to extreme climatic and environmental conditions. Our study aims to determine active microbial community structure changes within different aquatic sites and its relationship with environmental factors and viruses as potential drivers of diversification in different aquatic areas of this ecosystem. In this study, bacteria and archaea composition (16S rRNA subunit pyrolibraries) and picoplankton and viral abundance were determined at ponds, springs and lagoon sites of the wetland during wet and dry seasons (February and July 2012, respectively). In general, mixosaline waters (1,400–51,000 μS/cm) usually found in ponds and lagoon presented higher picoplanktonic abundances compared to freshwater (<800 μS/cm) spring sites, ranging from 1.07 × 105 to 1.83 × 107 cells/ml. Viral abundance and viral to picoplankton ratio (VPR) also presented greater values at ponds compared to spring sites, reaching up to 4.78 × 108 viruses‐like particles and up to 351 for VPR. In general, ponds hold a higher microbial diversity and complexity associated also with the presence of microbial mats compared with water sources or lagoon (Shannon index H′ 2.6–3.9 vs. <2.0). A greater richness of archaea was also detected in ponds characterized by functional groups such as known methanogens and ammonia oxidizers, and uncultured groups. In total, our results indicate that among the different aquatic sites of the wetland, ponds presented a great microbial community diversification associated to a higher top‐down control by viruses which may influence nutrient and greenhouse gases cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna Eissler
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María-Jesús Gálvez
- Programa de Biodiversidad and Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Observatorio de Ecología Microbiana, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cristina Dorador
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martha Hengst
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Verónica Molina
- Programa de Biodiversidad and Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Observatorio de Ecología Microbiana, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
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