1
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Vestuto V, Ciaglia T, Musella S, Di Sarno V, Smaldone G, Di Matteo F, Scala MC, Napolitano V, Miranda MR, Amodio G, Novi S, Pepe G, Basilicata MG, Gazzillo E, Pace S, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Sala M, Bifulco G, Tecce MF, Campiglia P, Ostacolo C, Lauro G, Manfra M, Bertamino A. A Comprehensive In Vitro Characterization of a New Class of Indole-Based Compounds Developed as Selective Haspin Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39038808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Haspin is an emerging, but rather unexplored, divergent kinase involved in tumor growth by regulating the mitotic phase. In this paper, the in-silico design, synthesis, and biological characterization of a new series of substituted indoles acting as potent Haspin inhibitors are reported. The synthesized derivatives have been evaluated by FRET analysis, showing very potent Haspin inhibition. Then, a comprehensive in-cell investigation highlighted compounds 47 and 60 as the most promising inhibitors. These compounds were challenged for their synergic activity with paclitaxel in 2D and 3D cellular models, demonstrating a twofold improvement of the paclitaxel antitumor activity. Compound 60 also showed remarkable selectivity when tested in a panel of 70 diverse kinases. Finally, in-silico studies provided new insight about the chemical requirements useful to develop new Haspin inhibitors. Biological results, together with the drug-likeness profile of 47 and 60, make these derivatives deserving further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Simona Musella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Gerardina Smaldone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Matteo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Maria Carmina Scala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Valeria Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Miranda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amodio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana″, University of Salerno, Salerno , Baronissi 84034, Italy
| | - Sara Novi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovanna Basilicata
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.zza L. Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Erica Gazzillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Isabel M Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Marina Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Mario Felice Tecce
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 , Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132 , Salerno , Fisciano 84084, Italy
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2
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Chen YZ, Zhu XM, Lv P, Hou XK, Pan Y, Li A, Du Z, Xuan JF, Guo X, Xing JX, Liu K, Yao J. Association of histone modification with the development of schizophrenia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116747. [PMID: 38744217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, may involve epigenetic alterations, notably histone modifications, in its pathogenesis. This review summarizes various histone modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, serotonylation, lactylation, palmitoylation, and dopaminylation, and their implications in schizophrenia. Current research predominantly focuses on histone acetylation and methylation, though other modifications also play significant roles. These modifications are crucial in regulating transcription through chromatin remodeling, which is vital for understanding schizophrenia's development. For instance, histone acetylation enhances transcriptional efficiency by loosening chromatin, while increased histone methyltransferase activity on H3K9 and altered histone phosphorylation, which reduces DNA affinity and destabilizes chromatin structure, are significant markers of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhou Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Xiu-Mei Zhu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Peng Lv
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Xi-Kai Hou
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Zhe Du
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Xuan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Xiaochong Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, China Medical University, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Xing
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China.
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, PR China.
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China.
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3
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Saintilnord WN, Fondufe-Mittendorf Y. Arsenic-induced epigenetic changes in cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:195-205. [PMID: 33798722 PMCID: PMC8481342 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid whose high levels of toxicity pose major health concerns to millions of people worldwide by increasing susceptibility to various cancers and non-cancer illnesses. Since arsenic is not a mutagen, the mechanism by which it causes changes in gene expression and disease pathogenesis is not clear. One possible mechanism is through generation of reactive oxygen species. Another equally important mechanism still very much in its infancy is epigenetic dysregulation. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries underlying arsenic-induced epigenetic changes in cancer development. Importantly, we highlight the proposed mechanisms targeted by arsenic to drive oncogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley N Saintilnord
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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4
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Lone AM, Giansanti P, Jørgensen MJ, Gjerga E, Dugourd A, Scholten A, Saez-Rodriguez J, Heck AJR, Taskén K. Systems approach reveals distinct and shared signaling networks of the four PGE 2 receptors in T cells. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabc8579. [PMID: 34609894 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc8579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lone
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands.,Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Marthe Jøntvedt Jørgensen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Enio Gjerga
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-Combine), RWTH-Aachen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-Combine), RWTH-Aachen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Arjen Scholten
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-Combine), RWTH-Aachen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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5
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Torres-Collado AX, Knott J, Jazirehi AR. Reversal of Resistance in Targeted Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma: Lessons Learned from Vemurafenib (BRAF V600E-Specific Inhibitor). Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060157. [PMID: 29795041 PMCID: PMC6025215 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and has a very low survival rate. Over 50% of melanomas harbor various BRAF mutations with the most common being the V600E. BRAFV600E mutation that causes constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway leading to drug-, immune-resistance, apoptosis evasion, proliferation, survival, and metastasis of melanomas. The ATP competitive BRAFV600E selective inhibitor, vemurafenib, has shown dramatic success in clinical trials; promoting tumor regression and an increase in overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. Regrettably, vemurafenib-resistance develops over an average of six months, which renders melanomas resistant to other therapeutic strategies. Elucidation of the underlying mechanism(s) of acquisition of vemurafenib-resistance and design of novel approaches to override resistance is the subject of intense clinical and basic research. In this review, we summarize recent developments in therapeutic approaches and clinical investigations on melanomas with BRAFV600E mutation to establish a new platform for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Xavier Torres-Collado
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Knott
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ali R Jazirehi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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6
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Lee LH, Swanson PE, Tang PA, Bigras G, Yang H. Association Between Phosphorylated Histone H3 and Oncotype DX Recurrence Scores in Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:25-31. [PMID: 26371428 PMCID: PMC5147033 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the association between phosphorylated histone H3 (PhH3) and Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS). All invasive breast carcinoma with RS results from our city between 2007 and 2010 (n=47) were reviewed. Whole-tumor sections were stained for PhH3. Mitotic and PhH3 counts were performed and clinical charts reviewed. PhH3 correlated well with RS (r=0.69, P<0.001). Other correlations were: PhH3 versus mitotic count (r=0.87, P<0.001), PhH3 versus mitotic score (r=0.71, P<0.001), PhH3 versus modified Bloom-Richardson-Elston (MBR) grade (r=0.65, P<0.001), RS versus mitotic count (r=0.62, P<0.001), RS versus mitotic score (r=0.44, P=0.002), and RS versus MBR grade (r=0.49, P=0.001). Significant correlation between PhH3 and RS remained after controlling for mitotic count (r=0.39, P=0.007), mitotic score (r=0.60, P<0.001), MBR grade (r=0.56, P<0.001), and all 3 (r=0.37, P=0.014) by partial correlation. Two patients died of metastasis at 12 and 38 months after diagnosis. One had intermediate RS, and 1 high RS; both were in the top-third of PhH3 count. All other patients are alive and recurrence free. Correlation between PhH3 and RS was statistically significant in our cohort, and remained significant after controlling for traditional measures of proliferation. Given that RS has an established strong relationship with prognosis and therapy responsiveness, PhH3 may thus also be an important prognostic/predictive marker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik Hang Lee
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre †Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary ‡Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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7
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Eckstein M, Eleazer R, Rea M, Fondufe-Mittendorf Y. Epigenomic reprogramming in inorganic arsenic-mediated gene expression patterns during carcinogenesis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:93-103. [PMID: 27701139 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid that is not mutagenic but is carcinogenic. The mechanism(s) by which arsenic causes cancer remain unknown. To date, several mechanisms have been proposed, including the arsenic-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it is also becoming evident that inorganic arsenic (iAs) may exert its carcinogenic effects by changing the epigenome, and thereby modifying chromatin structure and dynamics. These epigenetic changes alter the accessibility of gene regulatory factors to DNA, resulting in specific changes in gene expression both at the levels of transcription initiation and gene splicing. In this review, we discuss recent literature reports describing epigenetic changes induced by iAs exposure and the possible epigenetic mechanisms underlying these changes.
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8
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Mendoza-Viveros L, Bouchard-Cannon P, Hegazi S, Cheng AH, Pastore S, Cheng HYM. Molecular modulators of the circadian clock: lessons from flies and mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1035-1059. [PMID: 27689221 PMCID: PMC11107503 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian timekeeping is a ubiquitous mechanism that enables organisms to maintain temporal coordination between internal biological processes and time of the local environment. The molecular basis of circadian rhythms lies in a set of transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs) that drives the rhythmic transcription of core clock genes, whose level and phase of expression serve as the marker of circadian time. However, it has become increasingly evident that additional regulatory mechanisms impinge upon the TTFLs to govern the properties and behavior of the circadian clock. Such mechanisms include changes in chromatin architecture, interactions with other transcription factor networks, post-transcriptional control by RNA modifications, alternative splicing and microRNAs, and post-translational regulation of subcellular trafficking and protein degradation. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of circadian clock regulation-from transcriptional to post-translational-drawing from literature pertaining to the Drosophila and murine circadian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Pascale Bouchard-Cannon
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Sara Hegazi
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Arthur H Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Stephen Pastore
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
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9
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Zhu X, Li D, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Li W, Zhao J, Xing X, He Z, Wang S, Wang F, Ma L, Bai Q, Zeng X, Li J, Gao C, Xiao Y, Wang Q, Chen L, Chen W. Persistent phosphorylation at specific H3 serine residues involved in chemical carcinogen-induced cell transformation. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1449-1460. [PMID: 27996159 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Identification of aberrant histone H3 phosphorylation during chemical carcinogenesis will lead to a better understanding of the substantial roles of histone modifications in cancer development. To explore whether aberrant H3 phosphorylation contributes to chemical carcinogenesis, we examined the dynamic changes of H3 phosphorylation at various residues in chemical carcinogen-induced transformed human cells and human cancers. We found that histone H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 (p-H3S10) and Ser28 (p-H3S28) was upregulated by 1.5-4.8 folds and 2.1-4.3 folds, respectively in aflatoxin B1 -transformed hepatocytes L02 cells (L02RT-AFB1 ), benzo(a)pyrene-transformed HBE cells (HBERT-BaP), and coke oven emissions-transformed HBE cells (HBERT-COE). The ectopic expression of histone H3 mutant (H3S10A or H3S28A) in L02 cells led to the suppression of an anchorage-independent cell growth as well as tumor formation in immunodeficient mice. In addition, an enhanced p-H3S10 was found in 70.6% (24/34) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 70.0% (21/30) of primary lung cancer, respectively. Notably, we found that expression of H3 carrying a mutant H3S10A or H3S28A conferred to cells the ability to maintain a denser chromatin and resistance to induction of DNA damage and carcinogen-induced cell transformation. Particularly, we showed that introduction of a mutant H3S10A abolished the bindings of p-H3S10 to the promoter of DNA repair genes, PARP1 and MLH1 upon AFB1 treatment. Furthermore, we revealed that PP2A was responsible for dephosphorylation of p-H3S10. Taken together, these results reveal a key role of persistent H3S10 or H3S28 phosphorylation in chemical carcinogenesis through regulating gene transcription of DNA damage response (DDR) genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhini He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangping Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Bai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Yu L, Ham K, Gao X, Castro L, Yan Y, Kissling GE, Tucker CJ, Flagler N, Dong R, Archer TK, Dixon D. Epigenetic regulation of transcription factor promoter regions by low-dose genistein through mitogen-activated protein kinase and mitogen-and-stress activated kinase 1 nongenomic signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:18. [PMID: 27582276 PMCID: PMC5007815 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The phytoestrogen, genistein at low doses nongenomically activates mitogen-activated protein kinase p44/42 (MAPKp44/42) via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) leading to proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells. In this study, we evaluated if MAPKp44/42 could activate downstream effectors such as mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1), which could then epigenetically modify histone H3 by phosphorylation following a low dose (1 μg/ml) of genistein. Results Using hormone-responsive immortalized human uterine leiomyoma (ht-UtLM) cells, we found that genistein activated MAPKp44/42 and MSK1, and also increased phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine10 (H3S10ph) in ht-UtLM cells. Colocalization of phosphorylated MSK1 and H3S10ph was evident by confocal microscopy in ht-UtLM cells (r = 0.8533). Phosphorylation of both MSK1and H3S10ph was abrogated by PD98059 (PD), a MEK1 kinase inhibitor, thereby supporting genistein’s activation of MSK1 and Histone H3 was downstream of MAPKp44/42. In proliferative (estrogenic) phase human uterine fibroid tissues, phosphorylated MSK1 and H3S10ph showed increased immunoexpression compared to normal myometrial tissues, similar to results observed in in vitro studies following low-dose genistein administration. Real-time RT-PCR arrays showed induction of growth-related transcription factor genes, EGR1, Elk1, ID1, and MYB (cMyb) with confirmation by western blot, downstream of MAPK in response to low-dose genistein in ht-UtLM cells. Additionally, genistein induced associations of promoter regions of the above transcription factors with H3S10ph as evidenced by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, which were inhibited by PD. Therefore, genistein epigenetically modified histone H3 by phosphorylation of serine 10, which was regulated by MSK1 and MAPK activation. Conclusion Histone H3 phosphorylation possibly represents a mechanism whereby increased transcriptional activation occurs following low-dose genistein exposure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-016-0141-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Yu
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Kyle Ham
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Lysandra Castro
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Yitang Yan
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Grace E Kissling
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Charles J Tucker
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, DIR, NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Norris Flagler
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Ray Dong
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Trevor K Archer
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, DIR, NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Darlene Dixon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA.
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11
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Yan Y, Cummings CA, Sutton D, Yu L, Castro L, Moore AB, Gao X, Dixon D. Immunogold electron microscopy and confocal analyses reveal distinctive patterns of histone H3 phosphorylation during mitosis in MCF-7 cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:397-406. [PMID: 26799600 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone phosphorylation has a profound impact on epigenetic regulation of gene expression, chromosome condensation and segregation, and maintenance of genome integrity. Histone H3 Serine 10 is evolutionally conserved and heavily phosphorylated during mitosis. To examine Histone H3 Serine 10 phosphorylation (H3S10ph) dynamics in mitosis, we applied immunogold labeling and confocal microscopy to visualize H3S10ph expression in MCF-7 cells. Confocal observations showed that MCF-7 cells had abundant H3S10ph expression in prophase and metaphase. In anaphase, the H3S10ph expression was significantly decreased and displayed only sparsely localized staining that mainly associated with the chromatid tips. We showed that immunogold bead density distribution followed the H3S10ph expression patterns observed in confocal analysis. At a higher magnification in metaphase, the immunogold beads were readily visible and the bead distribution along the condensed chromosomes was distinctive, indicating the specificity and reliability of the immunogold staining procedure. In anaphase, the beads were found to distribute focally in specific regions of chromatids, reinforcing the confocal observations of differential H3 phosphorylation. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the specific H3S10ph expression with an immunogold technique and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, with confocal microscopy, we analyzed H3S10ph expression in an immortalized cell line derived from benign uterine smooth muscle tumor cells. H3S10ph epitope was expressed more abundantly during anaphase in the benign tumor cells, and there was no dramatic differential expression within the condensed chromatid clusters as observed in MCF-7 cells. The differences in H3S10ph expression pattern and dynamics may contribute to the differential proliferative potential between benign tumor cells and MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitang Yan
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
| | - Connie A Cummings
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Pathology Support Group, DNTP, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
| | - Deloris Sutton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Pathology Support Group, DNTP, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
| | - Linda Yu
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
| | - Lysandra Castro
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
| | - Alicia B Moore
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
| | - Darlene Dixon
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
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Ray PD, Huang BW, Tsuji Y. Coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation in arsenite-activated transcription of the human heme oxygenase-1 gene. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:1277-88. [PMID: 26291278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is primarily induced through NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE). Gene transcription is coordinately regulated by transcription factor activity at enhancer elements and epigenetic alterations such as the posttranslational modification of histone proteins. However, the role of histone modifications in the Nrf2-ARE axis remains largely uncharacterized. The environmental contaminant arsenite is a potent inducer of both HO-1 expression and phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 (H3S10); therefore, we investigated the relationships between Nrf2 and H3S10 phosphorylation in arsenite-induced, ARE-dependent, transcriptional activation of the human HO-1 gene. Arsenite increased phosphorylation of H3S10 both globally and at the HO-1 promoter concomitantly with HO-1 transcription in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Conversely, arsenite-induced H3S10 phosphorylation and HO-1 expression were blocked by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125, and JNK knockdown (siJNK). Interestingly, ablation of arsenite-induced H3S10 phosphorylation by SP600125 or siJNK did not inhibit Nrf2 nuclear accumulation nor ARE binding, despite inhibiting HO-1 expression. In response to arsenite, binding of Nrf2 to the HO-1 ARE preceded phosphorylation of H3S10 at the HO-1 ARE. Furthermore, arsenite-mediated occupancy of phosphorylated H3S10 at the HO-1 ARE was decreased in Nrf2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These results suggest the involvement of H3S10 phosphorylation in the Nrf2-ARE axis by proposing that Nrf2 may influence H3S10 phosphorylation at the HO-1 ARE and additional promoter regions. Our data highlights the complex interplay between Nrf2 and H3S10 phosphorylation in arsenite-activated HO-1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States
| | - Bo-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States
| | - Yoshiaki Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States.
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13
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Chen H, Yao K, Chang X, Shim JH, Kim HG, Malakhova M, Kim DJ, Bode AM, Dong Z. Computational and Biochemical Discovery of RSK2 as a Novel Target for Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130049. [PMID: 26083344 PMCID: PMC4470687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The most active anticancer component in green tea is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Protein interaction with EGCG is a critical step for mediating the effects of EGCG on the regulation of various key molecules involved in signal transduction. By using computational docking screening methods for protein identification, we identified a serine/threonine kinase, 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK2), as a novel molecular target of EGCG. RSK2 includes two kinase catalytic domains in the N-terminal (NTD) and the C-terminal (CTD) and RSK2 full activation requires phosphorylation of both terminals. The computer prediction was confirmed by an in vitro kinase assay in which EGCG inhibited RSK2 activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pull-down assay results showed that EGCG could bind with RSK2 at both kinase catalytic domains in vitro and ex vivo. Furthermore, results of an ATP competition assay and a computer-docking model showed that EGCG binds with RSK2 in an ATP-dependent manner. In RSK2+/+ and RSK2-/- murine embryonic fibroblasts, EGCG decreased viability only in the presence of RSK2. EGCG also suppressed epidermal growth factor-induced neoplastic cell transformation by inhibiting phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10. Overall, these results indicate that RSK2 is a novel molecular target of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, United States of America
| | - Ke Yao
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, United States of America
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, United States of America
| | - Hong-Gyum Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, United States of America
| | - Margarita Malakhova
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, United States of America
| | - Dong-Joon Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, United States of America
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, United States of America
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, United States of America
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14
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Wohlan K, Goy S, Olling A, Srivaratharajan S, Tatge H, Genth H, Gerhard R. Pyknotic cell death induced byClostridium difficile TcdB: chromatin condensation and nuclear blister are induced independently of the glucosyltransferase activity. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1678-92. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wohlan
- Institute of Toxicology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Sebastian Goy
- Institute of Toxicology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Alexandra Olling
- Institute of Toxicology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | | | - Helma Tatge
- Institute of Toxicology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Harald Genth
- Institute of Toxicology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Ralf Gerhard
- Institute of Toxicology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
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15
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Ismail HMS, Hurd PJ, Khalil MIM, Kouzarides T, Bannister A, Gout I. S6 kinase 2 is bound to chromatin-nuclear matrix cellular fractions and is able to phosphorylate histone H3 at threonine 45 in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1048-62. [PMID: 23564320 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The activity of S6 kinases (S6K) is highly induced in cancer cells highlighting an essential role in carcinogenesis. The S6K family has two members: S6K1 and S6K2 which bear common as well as distinct features. In an attempt to identify S6K2 unique sequence features compared to S6K1, we applied extensive bioinformatic analysis and motif search approaches. Interestingly, we identified 14 unique protein signatures which are present in proteins directly connected to chromatin and/or involved in transcription regulation. Using chromatin binding assay, we biochemically showed that S6K2 is bound to chromatin as well as nuclear matrix cellular fractions in HEK293 cells. The presence of S6K2 in chromatin fractions raised the possibility that it may be in close proximity to a number of chromatin substrates. For that, we then searched for S6K phosphorylation consensus sites RXRXXT/S in mammalian proteins using the SWISS-PROT database. Interestingly, we identified some potential phosphorylation sites in histone H3 (Thr45). Using in vitro kinase assays and siRNA-based knockdown strategy; we confirmed that S6K2 but not S6K1 or AKT is essential for histone H3-Thr45 phosphorylation in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, we show that the nuclear localisation sequence in the S6K2 C-terminus is essential for this modification. We have found that, H3-Thr45 phosphorylation correlates to S6K activation in response to mitogens and TPA-induced cell differentiation of leukaemic cell lines U937, HL60 and THP1. Overall, we demonstrate that S6K2 is a novel kinase that can phosphorylate histone H3 at position Thr45, which may play a role during cell proliferation and/or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M S Ismail
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Regulation of MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation by GSK-3β involves epigenetic modifications under high glucose conditions. Exp Cell Res 2014; 324:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Cha TL, Chuang MJ, Tang SH, Wu ST, Sun KH, Chen TT, Sun GH, Chang SY, Yu CP, Ho JY, Liu SY, Huang SM, Yu DS. Emodin modulates epigenetic modifications and suppresses bladder carcinoma cell growth. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:167-77. [PMID: 24115089 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The deregulation of epigenetics was involved in early and subsequent carcinogenic events. Reversing cancer epigenetics to restore a normal epigenetic condition could be a rational approach for cancer treatment and specialized prevention. In the present study, we found that the expression levels of two epigenetic markers, histone H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), was low but histone H3S10 phosphorylation (pH3Ser10) was high in human bladder cancer tissues, which showed opposite expression patterns in their normal counterparts. Thus, we investigated whether a natural product, emodin, has the ability to reverse these two epigenetic modifications and inhibit bladder cancer cell growth. Emodin significantly inhibited the cell growth of four bladder cancer cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Emodin treatment did not induce specific cell cycle arrest, but it altered epigenetic modifications. Emodin treatment resulted in the suppression of pH3Ser10 and increased H3K27me3, contributing to gene silencing in bladder cancer cells. Microarray analysis demonstrated that oncogenic genes including fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (HBP17), RGS4, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), WNT5b, URB, and collagen, type VIII, alpha 1 (COL8A1) responsible for proliferation, survival, inflammation, and carcinogenesis were significantly repressed by emodin. The ChIP assays also showed that emodin increased H3K27me3 but decreased pH3Ser10 modifications on the promoters of repressed genes, which indicate that emodin reverses the cancer epigenetics towards normal epigenetic situations. In conclusion, our work demonstrates the significant anti-neoplastic activity of emodin on bladder cancer cells and elucidates the novel mechanisms of emodin-mediated epigenetic modulation of target genes. Our study warrants further investigation of emodin as an effective therapeutic or preventive agent for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Lung Cha
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Turgeon N, Blais M, Delabre JF, Asselin C. The histone H3K27 methylation mark regulates intestinal epithelial cell density-dependent proliferation and the inflammatory response. J Cell Biochem 2013. [PMID: 23192652 PMCID: PMC3617464 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb-group proteins form multimeric protein complexes involved in transcriptional silencing. The Polycomb Repressive complex 2 (PRC2) contains the Suppressor of Zeste-12 protein (Suz12) and the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste protein-2 (Ezh2). This complex, catalyzing the di- and tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 27, is essential for embryonic development and stem cell renewal. However, the role of Polycomb-group protein complexes in the control of the intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) phenotype is not known. We show that Suz12 and Ezh2 were differentially expressed along the intestinal crypt-villus axis. ShRNA-mediated Suz12 depletion in the IEC-6 rat crypt-derived cell line decreased Ezh2 expression and H3K27 di-trimethylation. Suz12-depleted cells achieved higher cell densities after confluence, with increased cyclin D2 and cyclin D3 protein levels, and increased STAT3 activation in post-confluent cells. Suz12 depletion specifically increased mostly developmental, cell adhesion and immune response gene expression, including neuronal and inflammatory genes. Suz12 depletion directly and indirectly de-regulated the IL-1β-dependent inflammatory response, as demonstrated by decreased MAPK p38 activation as opposed to JNK activation, and altered basal and stimulated expression of inflammatory genes, including transcription factors such as C/EBPβ. Of note, this positive effect on cell proliferation and inflammatory gene expression was revealed in the absence of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16, a main target negatively regulated by PRC2. These results demonstrate that the PRC2 complex, in addition to keeping in check non-IEC differentiation pathways, insures the proper IEC response to cell density as well as to external growth and inflammatory signals, by controlling specific signaling pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1203–1215, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claude Asselin
- *Correspondence to: Claude Asselin, PhD, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Département d'anatomie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1E 4K8. E-mail:
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Li X, Li H, Li S, Zhu F, Kim DJ, Xie H, Li Y, Nadas J, Oi N, Zykova TA, Yu DH, Lee MH, Kim MO, Wang L, Ma W, Lubet RA, Bode AM, Dong Z, Dong Z. Ceftriaxone, an FDA-approved cephalosporin antibiotic, suppresses lung cancer growth by targeting Aurora B. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2548-57. [PMID: 22962305 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceftriaxone, an FDA-approved third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, has antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Generally, ceftriaxone is used for a variety of infections such as community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis and gonorrhea. Its primary molecular targets are the penicillin-binding proteins. However, other activities of ceftriaxone remain unknown. Herein, we report for the first time that ceftriaxone has antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Kinase profiling results predicted that Aurora B might be a potential 'off' target of ceftriaxone. Pull-down assay data confirmed that ceftriaxone could bind with Aurora B in vitro and in A549 cells. Furthermore, ceftriaxone (500 µM) suppressed anchorage-independent cell growth by targeting Aurora B in A549, H520 and H1650 lung cancer cells. Importantly, in vivo xenograft animal model results showed that ceftriaxone effectively suppressed A549 and H520 lung tumor growth by inhibiting Aurora B. These data suggest the anticancer efficacy of ceftriaxone for the treatment of lung cancers through its inhibition of Aurora B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
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20
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Greer JM, McCombe PA. The role of epigenetic mechanisms and processes in autoimmune disorders. Biologics 2012; 6:307-27. [PMID: 23055689 PMCID: PMC3459549 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s24067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lack of complete concordance of autoimmune disease in identical twins suggests that nongenetic factors play a major role in determining disease susceptibility. In this review, we consider how epigenetic mechanisms could affect the immune system and effector mechanisms in autoimmunity and/or the target organ of autoimmunity and thus affect the development of autoimmune diseases. We also consider the types of stimuli that lead to epigenetic modifications and how these relate to the epidemiology of autoimmune diseases and the biological pathways operative in different autoimmune diseases. Increasing our knowledge of these epigenetic mechanisms and processes will increase the prospects for controlling or preventing autoimmune diseases in the future through the use of drugs that target the epigenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Greer
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela A McCombe
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Agarwal S, Agarwal S, Jin H, Pancholi P, Pancholi V. Serine/threonine phosphatase (SP-STP), secreted from Streptococcus pyogenes, is a pro-apoptotic protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9147-67. [PMID: 22262847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.316554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This investigation illustrates an important property of eukaryote-type serine/threonine phosphatase (SP-STP) of group A Streptococcus (GAS) in causing programmed cell death of human pharyngeal cells. The secretory nature of SP-STP, its elevated expression in the intracellular GAS, and the ability of wild-type GAS but not the GAS mutant devoid of SP-STP to cause apoptosis of the host cell both in vitro and in vivo suggest that GAS deploys SP-STP as an important virulence determinant to exploit host cell machinery for its own advantage during infection. The exogenously added SP-STP is able to enter the cytoplasm and subsequently traverses into the nucleus in a temporal fashion to cause apoptosis of the pharyngeal cells. The programmed cell death induced by SP-STP, which requires active transcription and de novo protein synthesis, is also caspase-dependent. Furthermore, the entry of SP-STP into the cytoplasm is dependent on its secondary structure as the catalytically inactive SP-STP with an altered structure is unable to internalize and cause apoptosis. The ectopically expressed wild-type SP-STP was found to be in the nucleus and conferred apoptosis of Detroit 562 pharyngeal cells. However, the catalytically inactive SP-STP was unable to cause apoptosis even when intracellularly expressed. The ability of SP-STP to activate pro-apoptotic signaling cascades both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus resulted in mitochondrial dysfunctioning and perturbation in the phosphorylation status of histones in the nucleus. SP-STP thus not only functions as a virulence regulator but also as an important factor responsible for host-related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1214, USA
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22
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Drobic B, Pérez-Cadahía B, Yu J, Kung SKP, Davie JR. Promoter chromatin remodeling of immediate-early genes is mediated through H3 phosphorylation at either serine 28 or 10 by the MSK1 multi-protein complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:3196-208. [PMID: 20129940 PMCID: PMC2879512 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon activation of the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways, the MSK1/2-mediated nucleosomal response, including H3 phosphorylation at serine 28 or 10, is coupled with the induction of immediate-early (IE) gene transcription. The outcome of this response, varying with the stimuli and cellular contexts, ranges from neoplastic transformation to neuronal synaptic plasticity. Here, we used sequential co-immunoprecipitation assays and sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays on mouse fibroblast 10T1/2 and MSK1 knockdown 10T1/2 cells to show that H3 serine 28 and 10 phosphorylation leads to promoter remodeling. MSK1, in complexes with phospho-serine adaptor 14-3-3 proteins and BRG1 the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF remodeler, is recruited to the promoter of target genes by transcription factors such as Elk-1 or NF-kappaB. Following MSK1-mediated H3 phosphorylation, BRG1 associates with the promoter of target genes via 14-3-3 proteins, which act as scaffolds. The recruited SWI/SNF remodels nucleosomes at the promoter of IE genes enabling the binding of transcription factors like JUN and the onset of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Drobic
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada
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23
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Alvarez-Venegas R. Regulation by polycomb and trithorax group proteins in Arabidopsis. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2010; 8:e0128. [PMID: 22303254 PMCID: PMC3244960 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins are key regulators of homeotic genes and have crucial roles in cell proliferation, growth and development. PcG and trxG proteins form higher order protein complexes that contain SET domain proteins, with a histone methyltransferase (HMTase) activity, responsible for the different types of lysine methylation at the N-terminal tails of the core histone proteins. In recent years, genetic studies along with biochemical and cell biological analyses in Arabidopsis have enabled researchers to begin to understand how PcG and trxG proteins are recruited to chromatin and how they regulate their target genes and to elucidate their functions. This review focuses on the advances in our understanding of the biological roles of PcG and trxG proteins, their molecular mechanisms of action and further examines the role of histone marks in PcG and trxG regulation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Alvarez-Venegas
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad lrapuato, C.P. 36821 lrapuato, Guanajuato, México
- Address correspondence to
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24
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25
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Dunn KL, He S, Wark L, Delcuve GP, Sun JM, Yu Chen H, Mai S, Davie JR. Increased genomic instability and altered chromosomal protein phosphorylation timing inHRAS-transformed mouse fibroblasts. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:397-409. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
Tumorigenesis is traditionally thought to be caused by the imbalance between oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Epigenetics is a recently described phenomenon that uses an alternative mechanism to explain the transcriptional inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes predominantly by hypermethylation of the promoter regions. Hypermethylation of these regions has been described extensively in many neoplasms, including cutaneous melanoma. Histone modification, primarily by acetylation and deacetylation, is a current potential target for melanoma therapy, but more research is required to understand the mechanisms involved and the therapeutic effectiveness of regimens involving these agents. These mechanisms not only are important for understanding the origin and progression of neoplasms but also have important potential therapeutic implications. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms involved in melanoma can provide valuable information with significant implications in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willmar D Patino
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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27
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Abstract
Epigenetics refers to mitotically and/or meiotically heritable variations in gene expression that are not caused by changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate all biological processes from conception to death, including genome reprogramming during early embryogenesis and gametogenesis, cell differentiation and maintenance of a committed lineage. Key epigenetic players are DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications, which interplay with each other, with regulatory proteins and with non-coding RNAs, to remodel chromatin into domains such as euchromatin, constitutive or facultative heterochromatin and to achieve nuclear compartmentalization. Besides epigenetic mechanisms such as imprinting, chromosome X inactivation or mitotic bookmarking which establish heritable states, other rapid and transient mechanisms, such as histone H3 phosphorylation, allow cells to respond and adapt to environmental stimuli. However, these epigenetic marks can also have long-term effects, for example in learning and memory formation or in cancer. Erroneous epigenetic marks are responsible for a whole gamut of diseases including diseases evident at birth or infancy or diseases becoming symptomatic later in life. Moreover, although epigenetic marks are deposited early in development, adaptations occurring through life can lead to diseases and cancer. With epigenetic marks being reversible, research has started to focus on epigenetic therapy which has had encouraging success. As we witness an explosion of knowledge in the field of epigenetics, we are forced to revisit our dogma. For example, recent studies challenge the idea that DNA methylation is irreversible. Further, research on Rett syndrome has revealed an unforeseen role for methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève P Delcuve
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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28
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Kosik A, Bekier ME, Katusin JD, Kaur H, Zhou X, Diakonova M, Chadee DN, Taylor WR. Investigating the role of Aurora kinases in RAS signaling. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:33-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Taylor WR, Grabovich A. Targeting the Cell Cycle to Kill Cancer Cells. Pharmacology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-369521-5.00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Cabello CM, Bair WB, Ley S, Lamore SD, Azimian S, Wondrak GT. The experimental chemotherapeutic N6-furfuryladenosine (kinetin-riboside) induces rapid ATP depletion, genotoxic stress, and CDKN1A(p21) upregulation in human cancer cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 77:1125-38. [PMID: 19186174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinins and cytokinin nucleosides are purine derivatives with potential anticancer activity. N(6)-furfuryladenosine (FAdo, kinetin-riboside) displays anti-proliferative and apoptogenic activity against various human cancer cell lines, and FAdo has recently been shown to suppress tumor growth in murine xenograft models of human leukemia and melanoma. In this study, FAdo-induced genotoxicity, stress response gene expression, and cellular ATP depletion were examined as early molecular consequences of FAdo exposure in MiaPaCa-2 pancreas carcinoma, A375 melanoma, and other human cancer cell lines. FAdo, but not adenosine or N(6)-furfuryladenine (FA), displayed potent anti-proliferative activity that was also observed in human primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Remarkably, massive ATP depletion and induction of genotoxic stress as assessed by the alkaline comet assay occurred within 60-180min of exposure to low micromolar concentrations of FAdo. This was followed by rapid upregulation of CDKN1A and other DNA damage/stress response genes (HMOX1, DDIT3, and GADD45A) as revealed by expression array and Western analysis. Pharmacological and siRNA-based genetic inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK) suppressed FAdo cytotoxicity and also prevented ATP depletion and p21 upregulation suggesting the importance of bioconversion of FAdo into the nucleotide form required for drug action. Taken together our data suggest that early induction of genotoxicity and energy crisis are important causative factors involved in FAdo cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Cabello
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85724, USA
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31
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Zheng YG, Wu J, Chen Z, Goodman M. Chemical regulation of epigenetic modifications: opportunities for new cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:645-87. [PMID: 18271058 DOI: 10.1002/med.20120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is concerned about heritable changes in gene expression without alteration of the coding sequence. Epigenetic modification of chromatin includes methylation of genomic DNA as well as post-translational modification of chromatin-associated proteins, in particular, histones. The spectrum of histone and non-histone modifications ranges from the addition of relatively small groups such as methyl, acetyl and phosphoryl groups to the attachment of larger moieties such as poly(ADP-ribose) and small proteins ubiquitin or small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). The combinatorial nature of DNA methylation and histone modifications constitutes a significant pathway of epigenetic regulation and considerably extends the information potential of the genetic code. Chromatin modification has emerged as a new fundamental mechanism for gene transcriptional activity control associated with many cellular processes like proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Also it is increasingly recognized that epigenetic modifications constitute important regulatory mechanisms for the pathogenesis of malignant transformations. We review here the recent progress in the development of chemical inhibitors/activators that target different chromatin modifying enzymes. Such potent natural or synthetic modulators can be utilized to establish the quantitative contributions of epigenetic modifications in DNA regulated pathways including transcription, replication, recombination and repair, as well as provide leads for developing new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun George Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, PO Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA.
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32
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Abstract
The nervous system contains a multitude of cell types which are specified during development by cascades of transcription factors acting combinatorially. Some of these transcription factors are only active during development, whereas others continue to function in the mature nervous system to maintain appropriate gene-expression patterns in differentiated cells. Underpinning the function of the nervous system is its plasticity in response to external stimuli, and many transcription factors are involved in regulating gene expression in response to neuronal activity, allowing us to learn, remember and make complex decisions. Here we review some of the recent findings that have uncovered the molecular mechanisms that underpin the control of gene regulatory networks within the nervous system. We highlight some recent insights into the gene-regulatory circuits in the development and differentiation of cells within the nervous system and discuss some of the mechanisms by which synaptic transmission influences transcription-factor activity in the mature nervous system. Mutations in genes that are important in epigenetic regulation (by influencing DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications) have long been associated with neuronal disorders in humans such as Rett syndrome, Huntington's disease and some forms of mental retardation, and recent work has focused on unravelling their mechanisms of action. Finally, the discovery of microRNAs has produced a paradigm shift in gene expression, and we provide some examples and discuss the contribution of microRNAs to maintaining dynamic gene regulatory networks in the brain.
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Liu G, Park YJ, Abraham E. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) -1-mediated NF-kappaB activation requires cytosolic and nuclear activity. FASEB J 2008; 22:2285-96. [PMID: 18276832 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) -1 plays an essential role in Toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 receptor (TLR/IL-1R) -associated NF-kappaB activation through its involvement in IKK activation, which then leads to subsequent IkappaB degradation and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. In the present studies, we demonstrate a novel pathway in which IRAK-1 present in the nucleus participates in NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. Nuclear localization of IRAK-1 is increased on cellular stimulation with IL-1 and LPS, or CRM-1-dependent nuclear export blockade. Induction of IRAK-1 produces enhanced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity that precedes IkappaB-alpha degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. IRAK-1 binds to the promoter of NF-kappaB-regulated gene, IkappaB-alpha, and enhances binding of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit to NF-kappaB responsive elements within the IkappaB-alpha promoter. IRAK-1 phosphorylates histone H3 in vitro and is required for IL-1-induced phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 in vivo. These data indicate that both cytosolic and nuclear actions of IRAK-1 participate in the activation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Sun JM, Chen HY, Espino PS, Davie JR. Phosphorylated serine 28 of histone H3 is associated with destabilized nucleosomes in transcribed chromatin. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:6640-7. [PMID: 17913747 PMCID: PMC2095820 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications and variants have key roles in the activation and silencing of genes. Phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 and serine 28 is involved in transcriptional activation of genes responding to stress or mitogen-stimulated signaling pathways. The distribution of H3-modified isoforms in G0 phase chicken erythrocyte chromatin was investigated. H3 phosphorylated at serine 28 was found highly enriched in the active/competent gene fractions, as was H3 di- and trimethylated at lysine 4. The H3 variant H3.3 in this chromatin fraction was preferentially phosphorylated at serine 28. Conversely, H3 phosphorylated at serine 10 was present in all chromatin fractions, while H3 dimethylated at lysine 9 was associated with the chromatin-containing repressed genes. H3 phosphorylated at serine 28 was located at the promoter region of the transcriptionally active, but not competent, histone H5 and β-globin genes. We provide evidence that H3.3 phosphorylated at serine 28 was present in labile nucleosomes. We propose that destabilized nucleosomes containing H3.3 phosphorylated at serine 28 aid in the dynamic disassembly–assembly of nucleosomes in active promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James R. Davie
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. +204 787 2391+204 787 2190
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35
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He S, Dunn KL, Espino PS, Drobic B, Li L, Yu J, Sun JM, Chen HY, Pritchard S, Davie JR. Chromatin organization and nuclear microenvironments in cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2007; 104:2004-15. [PMID: 17668423 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear morphometric descriptors such as nuclear size, shape, DNA content and chromatin organization are used by pathologists as diagnostic markers for cancer. However, our knowledge of events resulting in changes in nuclear shape and chromatin organization in cancer cells is limited. Nuclear matrix proteins, which include lamins, transcription factors (Sp1) and histone modifying enzymes (histone deacetylases), and histone modifications (histone H3 phosphorylation) have roles in organizing chromatin in the interphase nucleus, regulating gene expression programs and determining nuclear shape. Histone H3 phosphorylation, a downstream target of the Ras-mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, is involved in neoplastic transformation. This article will review genetic and epigenetic events that alter chromatin organization in cancer cells and the role of the nuclear matrix in determining nuclear morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua He
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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36
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Abstract
Irreversible changes in the DNA sequence, including chromosomal deletions or amplification, activating or inactivating mutations in genes, have been implicated in the development and progression of melanoma. However, increasing attention is being turned towards the participation of 'epigenetic' events in melanoma progression that do not affect DNA sequence, but which nevertheless may lead to stable inherited changes in gene expression. Epigenetic events including histone modifications and DNA methylation play a key role in normal development and are crucial to establishing the correct program of gene expression. In contrast, mistargeting of such epigenetic modifications can lead to aberrant patterns of gene expression and loss of anti-cancer checkpoints. Thus, to date at least 50 genes have been reported to be dysregulated in melanoma by aberrant DNA methylation and accumulating evidence also suggests that mistargetting of histone modifications and altered chromatin remodeling activities will play a key role in melanoma. This review gives an overview of the many different types of epigenetic modifications and their involvement in cancer and especially in melanoma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Rothhammer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg Medical School, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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