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Zhang Z, Jiang J, Wu X, Zhang M, Luo D, Zhang R, Li S, He Y, Bian H, Chen Z. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell targeting EGFRvIII for metastatic lung cancer therapy. Front Med 2019; 13:57-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Knothe Tate ML, Gunning PW, Sansalone V. Emergence of Form from Function - Mechanical Engineering Approaches to Probe the Role of Stem Cell Mechanoadaptation in Sealing Cell Fate. BIOARCHITECTURE 2016; 6:85-103. [PMID: 27739911 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2016.1229729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell "mechanomics" refers to the effect of mechanical cues on stem cell and matrix biology, where cell shape and fate are intrinsic manifestations of form and function. Before specialization, the stem cell itself serves as a sensor and actuator; its structure emerges from its local mechanical milieu as the cell adapts over time. Coupling of novel spatiotemporal imaging and computational methods allows for linking of the energy of adaptation to the structure, biology and mechanical function of the cell. Cutting edge imaging methods enable probing of mechanisms by which stem cells' emergent anisotropic architecture and fate commitment occurs. A novel cell-scale model provides a mechanistic framework to describe stem cell growth and remodeling through mechanical feedback; making use of a generalized virtual power principle, the model accounts for the rate of doing work or the rate of using energy to effect the work. This coupled approach provides a basis to elucidate mechanisms underlying the stem cell's innate capacity to adapt to mechanical stimuli as well as the role of mechanoadaptation in lineage commitment. An understanding of stem cell mechanoadaptation is key to deciphering lineage commitment, during prenatal development, postnatal wound healing, and engineering of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Knothe Tate
- a Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- b School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Vittorio Sansalone
- c Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle , MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, France
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Alaee M, Danesh G, Pasdar M. Plakoglobin Reduces the in vitro Growth, Migration and Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells Expressing N-Cadherin and Mutant p53. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154323. [PMID: 27144941 PMCID: PMC4856367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of cadherins and catenins plays pivotal roles in ovarian cancer development and progression. Plakoglobin (PG, γ-catenin) is a paralog of β-catenin with dual adhesive and signaling functions. While β-catenin has known oncogenic function, PG generally acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor. We recently showed that PG interacted with p53 and that its growth/metastasis inhibitory function may be mediated by this interaction. Very little is known about the role of PG in ovarian cancer. Here, we investigated the in vitro tumor/metastasis suppressor effects of PG in ovarian cancer cell lines with mutant p53 expression and different cadherin profiles. We showed that the N-cadherin expressing and E-cadherin and PG deficient ES-2 cells were highly migratory and invasive, whereas OV-90 cells that express E-cadherin, PG and very little/no N-cadherin were not. Exogenous expression of PG or E-cadherin or N-cadherin knockdown in ES-2 cells (ES-2-E-cad, ES-2-PG and ES-2-shN-cad) significantly reduced their migration and invasion. Also, PG expression or N-cadherin knockdown significantly decreased ES-2 cells growth. Furthermore, PG interacted with both cadherins and with wild type and mutant p53 in normal ovarian and ES-2-PG cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alaee
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
| | - Ghazal Danesh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
| | - Manijeh Pasdar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Gan HK, Cvrljevic AN, Johns TG. The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII): where wild things are altered. FEBS J 2013; 280:5350-70. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui K. Gan
- Tumour Targeting Program; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Anna N. Cvrljevic
- Oncogenic Signaling Laboratory; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Terrance G. Johns
- Oncogenic Signaling Laboratory; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
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KAWAMOTO YUKIHIRO, OHYAMA YOSHITO, CHIBA TADASHIGE, YAGISHITA HISAO, SAKASHITA HIDEAKI, IMAI KAZUSHI. Proteomic identification of keratin alterations with enhanced proliferation of oral carcinoma cells by loss of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 expression. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:729-36. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Malecki M, Dahlke J, Haig M, Wohlwend L, Malecki R. Eradication of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells by Transgenic Expression of Recombinant DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, and DFFB Controlled by EGFR Promoter: Novel Strategy for Targeted Therapy of Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4:152. [PMID: 24587967 PMCID: PMC3938193 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian cancer is the most deadly among all gynecological cancers. Patients undergoing systemic therapies of advanced ovarian cancers suffer from horrendous side effects. Cancer survivors and their offspring suffer from iatrogenic consequences of systemic therapies: genetic mutations. The ultimate goal of our work is development of therapies, which selectively and completely eliminate cancer cells, but do not harm healthy cells. An important consideration for attaining this goal is the fact that ovarian cancer cells over-express EGFR or its mutants, what becomes the factor discriminating them from healthy cells - a potential facilitator of personalized therapy. Specific aim The specific aim of this project was threefold: (1) to bioengineer suicide genes’ carrying vectors guided by synthetic antibodies for EGFRvIII and EGFR; (2) to genetically engineer DNA constructs for the human, recombinant DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, and DFFB controlled by the EGFR promoter; (3) to selectively eradicate ovarian cancer cells by intranuclear targeting of the transgenically expressed recombinant DNases. Methods Synthetic antibodies for EGFR and EGFRvIII were selected from the human library and used to bioengineer biotag-guided transgenes’ vectors. Coding sequences for the human DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, DFFB controlled by the EGFR promoter were amplified from the human cDNA and genetically engineered into the plasmid constructs also coding for the fusions with NLS and GFP. The vectors carrying transgenes for the DNases were delivered in vitro into human ovarian cancer cells from ascites and cultures. Results Synthetic antibody guided vectors delivered the transgenes for the recombinant DNases efficiently into the ovarian cancer cells. Transgenic expression and nuclear targeting of the DNases in those cells resulted in destruction of their genomes and led to their death, as validated by labeling with the molecular death tags. In healthy cells, which did not over-express EGFR, no changes were recorded. Conclusion Targeted expression of the recombinant DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, DFFB in the ovarian cancers in vitro resulted in their complete eradication, but had no effects upon the healthy cells. This novel therapeutic strategy has a potential for streamlining it into in vivo trials, as personalized, targeted therapy of ovarian and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Malecki
- PBMEF, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA ; NMRFM, NIH, Madison, WI 53706, USA ; UW, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | - Raf Malecki
- PBMEF, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA ; SFSU, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
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Samudio-Ruiz SL, Hudson LG. Increased DNA methyltransferase activity and DNA methylation following Epidermal Growth Factor stimulation in ovarian cancer cells. Epigenetics 2012; 7:216-24. [PMID: 22430797 DOI: 10.4161/epi.7.3.19273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer progression is correlated with accumulation of aberrant CpG island methylation. In ovarian cancer, ascites fluid contains numerous Epidermal-Growth-Factor-Receptor (EGFR) activators, which could result in a tumor microenvironment of constant EGFR activation. Signaling pathways downstream of EGFR, such as Ras, regulate DNA methylation. We hypothesized that chronic EGFR activation could alter DNA methylation. We found that EGFR activation increased DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity acutely, as well as after long-term EGF treatment or expression of a mutationally activated EGFR. Furthermore, this increase in DNMT activity was dependent on EGFR catalytic activity and resulted in increased global DNA methylation. Additionally, treatment with the DNMT inhibitor/hypomethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) inhibited the EGF induced increase of both DNMT activity and global methylation. These data support a role for EGFR in the process of accumulated DNA methylation during ovarian cancer progression and suggest that epigenetic therapy may be beneficial for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Samudio-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Roussos ET, Goswami S, Balsamo M, Wang Y, Stobezki R, Adler E, Robinson BD, Jones JG, Gertler FB, Condeelis JS, Oktay MH. Mena invasive (Mena(INV)) and Mena11a isoforms play distinct roles in breast cancer cell cohesion and association with TMEM. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011; 28:515-27. [PMID: 21484349 PMCID: PMC3459587 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-011-9388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mena, an actin regulatory protein, functions at the convergence of motility pathways that drive breast cancer cell invasion and migration in vivo. The tumor microenvironment spontaneously induces both increased expression of the Mena invasive (Mena(INV)) and decreased expression of Mena11a isoforms in invasive and migratory tumor cells. Tumor cells with this Mena expression pattern participate with macrophages in migration and intravasation in mouse mammary tumors in vivo. Consistent with these findings, anatomical sites containing tumor cells with high levels of Mena expression associated with perivascular macrophages were identified in human invasive ductal breast carcinomas and called TMEM. The number of TMEM sites positively correlated with the development of distant metastasis in humans. Here we demonstrate that mouse mammary tumors generated from EGFP-Mena(INV) expressing tumor cells are significantly less cohesive and have discontinuous cell-cell contacts compared to Mena11a xenografts. Using the mouse PyMT model we show that metastatic mammary tumors express 8.7 fold more total Mena and 7.5 fold more Mena(INV) mRNA than early non-metastatic ones. Furthermore, Mena(INV) expression in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) samples of human invasive ductal carcinomas correlate with TMEM score while Mena11a does not. These results suggest that Mena(INV) is the isoform associated with breast cancer cell discohesion, invasion and intravasation in mice and in humans. They also imply that Mena(INV) expression and TMEM score measure related aspects of a common tumor cell dissemination mechanism and provide new insight into metastatic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia T. Roussos
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Sumanta Goswami
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Depertment of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10033
| | - Michele Balsamo
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Robert Stobezki
- Depertment of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10033
| | - Esther Adler
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467
| | - Brian D. Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Joan G. Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Frank B. Gertler
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467
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Hu S, Deng L, Wang H, Zhuang Y, Chu J, Zhang S, Li Z, Guo M. Bioprocess development for the production of mouse-human chimeric anti-epidermal growth factor receptor vIII antibody C12 by suspension culture of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytotechnology 2011; 63:247-58. [PMID: 21298341 PMCID: PMC3081043 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse-human chimeric anti-epidermal growth factor receptor vIII (EGFRvIII) antibody C12 is a promising candidate for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, 3 processes were successfully developed to produce C12 by cultivation of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-DG44) cells in serum-free medium. The effect of inoculum density was evaluated in batch cultures of shaker flasks to obtain the optimal inoculum density of 5 × 10(5) cells/mL. Then, the basic metabolic characteristics of CHO-C12 cells were studied in stirred bioreactor batch cultures. The results showed that the limiting concentrations of glucose and glutamine were 6 and 1 mM, respectively. The culture process consumed significant amounts of aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, serine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine. Aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, and serine were particularly exhausted in the early growth stage, thus limiting cell growth and antibody synthesis. Based on these findings, fed-batch and perfusion processes in the bioreactor were successfully developed with a balanced amino acid feed strategy. Fed-batch and especially perfusion culture effectively maintained high cell viability to prolong the culture process. Furthermore, perfusion cultures maximized the efficiency of nutrient utilization; the mean yield coefficient of antibody to consumed glucose was 44.72 mg/g and the mean yield coefficient of glutamine to antibody was 721.40 mg/g. Finally, in small-scale bioreactor culture, the highest total amount of C12 antibody (1,854 mg) was realized in perfusion cultures. Therefore, perfusion culture appears to be the optimal process for small-scale production of C12 antibody by rCHO-C12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huamao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200032 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200032 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Cheng JC, Klausen C, Leung PCK. Hydrogen peroxide mediates EGF-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin expression via p38 MAPK and snail in human ovarian cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1569-80. [PMID: 20610539 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer, it has been shown that E-cadherin is down-regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) activation, and that cells with low E-cadherin expression are particularly invasive. Although it is generally believed that reactive oxygen species play important roles in intracellular signal transduction, the role of reactive oxygen species in EGF-mediated reductions in E-cadherin remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that EGF treatment down-regulated E-cadherin by up-regulating its transcriptional repressors, Snail and Slug, in human ovarian cancer cells. Using 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester staining, we found that intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production was increased in EGF-treated cells and could be inhibited by treatment with an EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, or an H(2)O(2) scavenger, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase. In addition, PEG-catalase diminished EGF-induced p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase, phosphorylation. PEG-catalase and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 abolished EGF-induced Snail, but not Slug, expression and E-cadherin down-regulation. Furthermore, the involvement of p38 MAPK in the down-regulation of E-cadherin was confirmed using specific p38alpha MAPK small interfering RNA. Finally, we also show that EGF-induced cell invasion was abolished by treatment with PEG-catalase and SB203580, as well as p38alpha MAPK small interfering RNA, and that forced expression of E-cadherin diminished intrinsic invasiveness as well as EGF-induced cell invasion. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism in which EGF down-regulates E-cadherin expression through production of H(2)O(2), activation of p38 MAPK, and up-regulation of Snail in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Zeineldin R, Ning Y, Hudson LG. The constitutive activity of epidermal growth factor receptor vIII leads to activation and differential trafficking of wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor and erbB2. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:529-41. [PMID: 20159766 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.955104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A constitutively active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant, EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII), has been detected at high frequencies in certain human cancers. This study evaluated transactivation and trafficking of erbB family members as a result of constitutive EGFR activity in a cancer cell line. Expression of EGFRvIII modulated erbB family members through different mechanisms; the erbB3 mRNA level was reduced, whereas wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR) and erbB2 protein levels were diminished, with no change in their mRNA levels, and there was no change in the erbB4 expression level. Both EGFR and erbB2 were internalized as a result of EGFRvIII's activity and redistributed to the cell surface upon addition of AG1478, an inhibitor of wtEGFR/EGFRvIII catalytic activity. Acute activation of EGFRvIII by removing AG1478 from cells increased phosphorylation of both wtEGFR and erbB2 and caused differential trafficking of EGFRvIII's activation partners; wtEGFR was directed primarily to lysosomal compartments and partially to recycling compartments, whereas erbB2 was directed primarily to recycling compartments and partially to lysosomal compartments. Our data demonstrate that the constitutive activity of EGFRvIII is sufficient to trigger endocytosis and trafficking of wtEGFR and erbB2, which may play a role in activating signaling pathways that are triggered during receptor endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Zeineldin
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
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12
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The epidermal growth factor receptor responsive miR-125a represses mesenchymal morphology in ovarian cancer cells. Neoplasia 2010; 11:1208-15. [PMID: 19881956 DOI: 10.1593/neo.09942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs during embryonic development is recapitulated during tumor metastasis. Important regulators of this process include growth factors, transcription factors, and adhesion molecules. New evidence suggests that microRNA (miRNA) activity contributes to metastatic progression and EMT; however, the mechanisms leading to altered miRNA expression during cancer progression remain poorly understood. Importantly, overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in ovarian cancer correlates with poor disease outcome and induces EMT in ovarian cancer cells. We report that EGFR signaling leads to transcriptional repression of the miRNA miR-125a through the ETS family transcription factor PEA3. Overexpression of miR-125a induces conversion of highly invasive ovarian cancer cells from a mesenchymal to an epithelial morphology, suggesting miR-125a is a negative regulator of EMT. We identify AT-rich interactive domain 3B (ARID3B) as a target of miR-125a and demonstrate that ARID3B is overexpressed in human ovarian cancer. Repression of miR-125a through growth factor signaling represents a novel mechanism for regulating ovarian cancer invasive behavior.
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Yoshida S, Furukawa N, Haruta S, Tanase Y, Kanayama S, Noguchi T, Sakata M, Yamada Y, Oi H, Kobayashi H. Expression Profiles of Genes Involved in Poor Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma: A Review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009; 19:992-7. [DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181aaa93a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the commonest cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality. Although the prognosis for patients with advanced cancer is poor, there is a wide range of outcomes for individual patients.Objective:The aim of this study was to review molecular factors predictive of poor prognosis of women with EOC by reviewing microarray research identifying gene expression profiles.Methods:A systematic search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed and ScienceDirect up to July 2008, combining the keywords "genome-wide," "microarray," "epithelial ovarian cancer" "prognosis," and "epithelial-mesenchymal transition" with specific expression profiles of genes.Results:Many genes that participated in cell signaling, growth factors, transcription factors, proteinases, metabolism, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix component, cell proliferation, and anti-apoptosis were overexpressed in patients with poor prognosis. Several important prognosis-related genes overlap with those known to be regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This signaling pathway of EMT (E-cadherin, β-catenin, receptor tyrosine kinases, NF-κB, TGF-β, or Wnt signalings) will be discussed, as it provides new insights into a new treatment strategy.Conclusions:This review summarizes recent advances in prognosis-related molecular biology. Collectively, molecular changes possibly through EMT are considered to be a major contributor to the poor prognosis of EOC.
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DENG QF, ZHOU CC, SU CX. Clinicopathological features and epidermal growth factor receptor mutations associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer. Respirology 2009; 14:371-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wang H, Jiang H, Zhou M, Xu Z, Liu S, Shi B, Yao X, Yao M, Gu J, Li Z. Epidermal growth factor receptor vIII enhances tumorigenicity and resistance to 5-fluorouracil in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2009; 279:30-8. [PMID: 19217205 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether EGFRvIII contributes to tumorigenicity and resistance to 5-FU in HCC cell lines. Our results show that several HCC cell lines have EGFRvIII expression. EGFRvIII-positive HCC cells grew more rapidly and had a lower sensitivity to 5-FU than EGFRvIII-negative HCC cells. For further analysis of the biological characteristics of EGFRvIII, an EGFRvIII or EGFR expression cassette was introduced into the HCC cell line, Huh-7. Compared with Huh-7 cells and Huh7-EGFR cells, Huh7-EGFRvIII not only exhibit significantly increase of cell growth in vitro and in vivo but also show enhanced migration in vitro. Furthermore, 5-FU has significantly lower inhibition effect on Huh7-EGFRvIII cells then on both Huh-7 and Huh7-EGFR cells in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGFRvIII plays a pivotal role in tumorigenicity and enhanced 5-FU resistance of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamao Wang
- Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hudson LG, Zeineldin R, Silberberg M, Stack MS. Activated epidermal growth factor receptor in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2009; 149:203-26. [PMID: 19763438 PMCID: PMC3701255 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-98094-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
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Chen M, Cai H, Yang JL, Lu CL, Liu T, Yang W, Guo J, Hu XQ, Fan CH, Hu ZY, Gao F, Liu YX. Effect of heat stress on expression of junction-associated molecules and upstream factors androgen receptor and Wilms' tumor 1 in monkey sertoli cells. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4871-82. [PMID: 18535113 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli cells are important in determining the fate of spermatogenic cells by providing nutrition and structural support via cell junctions. In this study, we sought to examine the effect of 43 C warming on cell junctions in seminiferous epithelium and the expression of junction-associated molecules in Sertoli cells. Electron microscopy showed the appearance of large vacuoles between Sertoli and germ cells and adjacent Sertoli cells, leading to disruption of corresponding cell junctions 24 h after terminating the heat treatment. Using primary Sertoli cells isolated from pubertal monkey testes, we demonstrated that expression of adherens junction-associated molecules, such as N-cadherin and beta-catenin, and tight junction-associated molecule zonula occludens protein 1 was significantly reduced in 24-48 h after heat treatment. In contrast, intermediate filament vimentin expression was up-regulated in 6-48 h. Androgen receptor (AR) and Wilms' tumor gene 1 expression dramatically decreased after heat treatment. Both proteins completely disappeared immediately after terminating heat treatment and began to recover after 6 h. Treatment of the monkey Sertoli cells with an AR antagonist, flutamide, could mimic the heat-induced changes in the expression of junction-associated molecules in Sertoli cells. Furthermore, overexpression of AR in the Sertoli cells up-regulated the expression of N-cadherin, beta-catenin, and zonula occludens protein 1 and down-regulated vimentin expression. Their expression after heat treatment could be rescued by the AR overexpression. These results indicate that the decreased AR expression after heat treatment is involved in heat-induced cell junction disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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Steffensen KD, Waldstrøm M, Olsen DA, Corydon T, Lorentzen KA, Knudsen HJ, Jeppesen U, Brandslund I, Jakobsen A. Mutant epidermal growth factor receptor in benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:3278-82. [PMID: 18519753 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysfunction of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) complex is essential to the growth and development of many human tumors. Overexpression of the EGF receptor (EGFR) is a characteristic finding in a considerable number of solid tumors and often signalizes poor prognosis. There is a major disagreement among researchers about both the frequency and possible clinical importance of EGFR overexpression in ovarian cancer. The type III variant of EGFR (EGFRvIII) is a mutant with a deletion. Contrary to the wild-type, it is constitutively active. EGFRvIII has not been found in normal tissue, and consequently, it is an attractive tumor-specific candidate for molecular targeted treatment. The literature dealing with this mutation in ovarian cancer has been very sparse. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tissue from 225 patients who underwent surgery for a pelvic mass was collected consecutively. The samples included 99 ovarian/peritoneal/tuba cancers, 17 ovarian borderline tumors, 66 benign ovarian tumors, 15 other cancer types, 24 normal ovarian biopsies, and 4 miscellaneous. The presence of EGFRvIII was investigated both by PCR analyses for EGFRvIII gene expression and with protein analysis by Western blots. RESULTS None of the tissue samples was positive for the EGFRvIII mutation neither at the mRNA level nor at the protein level. CONCLUSIONS The EGFRvIII mutation seems to be very rare in ovarian tissue. Our data indicate that EGFRvIII is not a part of the malignant phenotype in ovarian cancer and should not be pursued as a therapeutic target for treatment of this disease.
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Cowden Dahl KD, Symowicz J, Ning Y, Gutierrez E, Fishman DA, Adley BP, Stack MS, Hudson LG. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is a mediator of epidermal growth factor-dependent e-cadherin loss in ovarian carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68:4606-13. [PMID: 18559505 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is frequently elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer, and E-cadherin expression is often reduced in advanced disease. In this study, we investigated a mechanism by which EGFR activation promotes disruption of adherens junctions through induction of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). We show that EGFR activation down-modulates E-cadherin, and broad spectrum MMP inhibition ameliorates EGF-stimulated junctional disruption and loss of E-cadherin protein. MMP-9 involvement in EGF-dependent down-regulation of E-cadherin was determined by siRNA specifically directed against MMP-9. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant MMP-9 or transient expression of MMP-9 is sufficient to reduce E-cadherin levels in differentiated ovarian tumor cells. Stable overexpression of MMP-9 led to a loss of E-cadherin and junctional integrity, and promoted a migratory and invasive phenotype. Thus, elevated MMP-9 protein expression is sufficient for junctional disruption and loss of E-cadherin in these cells. The associations between EGFR activation, MMP-9 expression, and E-cadherin were investigated in human ovarian tumors and paired peritoneal metastases wherein immunohistochemical staining for activated (phospho) EGFR and MMP-9 colocalized with regions of reduced E-cadherin. These data suggest that regulation of MMP-9 by EGFR may represent a novel mechanism for down-modulation of E-cadherin in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Cowden Dahl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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20
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Devine KM, Smicun Y, Hope JM, Fishman DA. S1P induced changes in epithelial ovarian cancer proteolysis, invasion, and attachment are mediated by Gi and Rac. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 110:237-45. [PMID: 18513786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously demonstrated that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) bimodally regulates epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell invasiveness: low-concentration S1P stimulates invasion similar to lysophophatidic acid (LPA), while high-concentration S1P inhibits invasion. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms through which S1P affects EOC cell proteolysis, invasion, and adhesion in two cultured epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS G-protein Gi was inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX) and GTP binding protein Rac by NSC23766. S1P conditioned media of DOV13 and OVCA429 cells were evaluated via gel zymography, fluorometric gelatinase assay, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) activity assay, and Western Blot for MT1-MMP. Cell invasion was analyzed in Matrigel chambers. Membrane-N-cadherin was localized via fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Zymography revealed pro-MMP2 in conditioned media of EOC cells regardless of treatment. Gelatinase activity was increased by low-concentration S1P. In DOV13 cells this effect was Gi and Rac dependent. In all OVCA429 and control DOV13 cells, PTX enhanced gelatinolysis, suggesting an MMP2-inhibitory pathway via Gi. MT1-MMP was decreased Gi-dependently by high-concentration S1P. Rac inhibition significantly counteracted low-S1P enhancement and high-S1P reduction of DOV13 invasiveness; and uPA activity in conditioned media of invading cells correlated significantly. Immunohistochemistry revealed Gi-dependent clustering of membrane-N-cadherin in DOV13 cells treated with 0.5 microM S1P or 10 microM LPA. CONCLUSIONS S1P influences EOC invasion by regulating ECM-proteolysis and cell-cell attachment via MMP2, uPA, and membrane-N-cadherin. Furthermore, this study illustrates that the net effect of S1P on each of these processes reflects a complex interplay of multiple GPCR pathways involving Gi and downstream Rac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Devine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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21
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Hudson LG, Zeineldin R, Stack MS. Phenotypic plasticity of neoplastic ovarian epithelium: unique cadherin profiles in tumor progression. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 25:643-55. [PMID: 18398687 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mesodermally derived normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) displays both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics and exhibits remarkable phenotypic plasticity during post-ovulatory repair. The majority of epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC) are derived from the OSE and represent the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies, as most patients (approximately 70%) present at diagnosis with disseminated intra-abdominal metastasis. The predominant pattern of EOC metastasis involves pelvic dissemination rather than lymphatic or hematologic spread, distinguishing EOC from other solid tumors. Acquisition of the metastatic phenotype involves a complex series of interrelated cellular events leading to dissociation (shedding) and dispersal of malignant cells. A key event in this process is disruption of cell-cell contacts via modulation of intercellular junctional components. In contrast to most carcinomas that downregulate E-cadherin expression during tumor progression, a unique feature of primary well-differentiated ovarian cancers is a gain of epithelial features, characterized by an increase in expression of E-cadherin. Subsequent reacquisition of mesenchymal features is observed in more advanced tumors with concomitant loss of E-cadherin expression and/or function during progression to metastasis. The functional consequences of this remarkable phenotypic plasticity are not fully understood, but may play a role in modulation of cell survival in suspension (ascites), chemoresistance, and intraperitoneal anchoring of metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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22
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Hallman MA, Zhuang S, Schnellmann RG. Regulation of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation in renal proximal tubular cells by the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:520-8. [PMID: 18270318 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.134031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of injured renal epithelium is thought to be mediated by surviving renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) that must dedifferentiate to allow the proliferation and migration necessary for epithelial regeneration. RPTC then redifferentiate to restore tubular structure and function. Current models suggest that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is required for dedifferentiation characterized by enhanced vimentin expression, decreased N-cadherin expression, spindle morphology, and loss of apical-basal polarity after injury. Because an in vitro model of RPTC redifferentiation has not been reported, and the mechanism(s) of redifferentiation has not been determined, we used rabbit RPTC in primary cultures to address these issues. H2O2 induced the dedifferentiated phenotype that persisted >48 h; redifferentiation occurred spontaneously in the absence of exogenous growth factors after 72 to 120 h. Phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues of EGFR increased 12 to 24 h, peaked at 24 h, and declined to basal levels by 48 h after injury. EGFR inhibition during dedifferentiation restored epithelial morphology and apical-basal polarity, and it decreased vimentin expression to control levels 24 h later. In contrast, exogenous epidermal growth factor addition increased vimentin expression and potentiated spindle morphology. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor inhibitors did not affect redifferentiation after H2O2 injury. Similar results were observed in a mechanical injury model. These experiments represent a new model for the investigation of RPTC redifferentiation after acute injury and identify a key regulator of redifferentiation: EGFR, independent of p38 MAPK and the TGF-beta receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hallman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 280 Calhoun St., P.O.B. 250140, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Cowden Dahl KD, Zeineldin R, Hudson LG. PEA3 is necessary for optimal epidermal growth factor receptor-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase expression and invasion of ovarian tumor cells. Mol Cancer Res 2007; 5:413-21. [PMID: 17475671 PMCID: PMC3621069 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is detected in human ovarian tumors and is associated with decreased recurrence-free and overall survival. EGFR activation affects tumor progression in part by promoting tumor invasion through the induction of prometastatic matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). PEA3, an ETS family transcription factor, is elevated in advanced and metastatic ovarian cancer and regulates MMPs in various cell types, therefore, we investigated whether PEA3 is required for the EGFR-dependent induction of MMP mRNA. MMP-9 and MMP-14 mRNA levels were selectively increased in response to EGFR activity in ovarian tumor cells. EGFR activation resulted in nuclear accumulation of PEA3 and direct binding of PEA3, but not the related protein ETS-1, to the endogenous MMP-9 and MMP-14 promoters. Furthermore, PEA3 overexpression was sufficient to induce MMP-9 and MMP-14 mRNA, tumor cell migration, and invasion, suggesting that PEA3 is an important contributor to the metastatic phenotype. Additionally, inhibition of PEA3 expression via short interfering RNA reduced the EGF induction of MMP-9 and MMP-14 gene expression by 92% and 50%, respectively, and impaired EGF-stimulated tumor cell invasion. These results suggest that PEA3 is regulated by EGFR and that the elevated PEA3 expression detected in human ovarian cancer may divert cells to a more invasive phenotype by regulating MMP-9 and MMP-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Cowden Dahl
- Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC 09 5360, 87131-0001 Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Interplay of distinct growth factors during epithelial mesenchymal transition of cancer progenitor cells and molecular targeting as novel cancer therapies. Ann Oncol 2007; 18:1605-19. [PMID: 17355951 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the critical functions assumed by the interplay of epidermal growth factor, hedgehog, Wnt/beta-catenin, tumor growth factor-beta and integrin signaling cascades in tumorigenic and migrating cancer progenitor cells and activated stromal cells during carcinogenesis. These growth factors provide an important role for the sustained growth and survival of tumorigenic cancer progenitor cells and their progeny by up-regulating numerous mitotic and antiapoptotic signaling cascades. Furthermore, these potent morphogens may cooperate for inducing the molecular events associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal program in cancer cells including the alterations in epithelial cell shape and motility through the dissociation of intercellular adherens junctions. Of therapeutic interest, new strategies for the development of more effective clinical treatments against the locally aggressive and invasive cancers based on the molecular targeting of deregulated signaling elements in tumorigenic and migrating cancer cells and their local microenvironment are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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