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Lang JD, Nguyen TVV, Levin MK, Blas PE, Williams HL, Rodriguez ESR, Briones N, Mueller C, Selleck W, Moore S, Zismann VL, Hendricks WPD, Espina V, O'Shaughnessy J. Pilot clinical trial and phenotypic analysis in chemotherapy-pretreated, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with oral TAK-228 and TAK-117 (PIKTOR) to increase DNA damage repair deficiency followed by cisplatin and nab paclitaxel. Biomark Res 2023; 11:73. [PMID: 37491309 PMCID: PMC10369813 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have homologous recombination deficiency with upregulation of compensatory DNA repair pathways. PIKTOR, a combination of TAK-228 (TORC1/2 inhibitor) and TAK-117 (PI3Kα inhibitor), is hypothesized to increase genomic instability and increase DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiency, leading to increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and to immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors. METHODS 10 metastatic TNBC patients received 4 mg TAK-228 and 200 mg TAK-117 (PIKTOR) orally each day for 3 days followed by 4 days off, weekly, until disease progression (PD), followed by intravenous cisplatin 75 mg/m2 plus nab paclitaxel 220 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles. Patients received subsequent treatment with pembrolizumab and/or chemotherapy. Primary endpoints were objective response rate with cisplatin/nab paclitaxel and safety. Biopsies of a metastatic lesion were collected prior to and at PD on PIKTOR. Whole exome and RNA-sequencing and reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) were used to phenotype tumors pre- and post-PIKTOR for alterations in DDR, proliferation, and immune response. RESULTS With cisplatin/nab paclitaxel (cis/nab pac) therapy post PIKTOR, 3 patients had clinical benefit (1 partial response (PR) and 2 stable disease (SD) ≥ 6 months) and continued to have durable benefit in progression-free survival with pembrolizumab post-cis/nab pac for 1.2, 2, and 3.6 years. Their post-PIKTOR metastatic tissue displayed decreased mismatch repair (MMR), increased tumor mutation burden, and significantly lower levels of 53BP1, DAG Lipase β, GCN2, AKT Ser473, and PKCzeta Thr410/403 compared to pre-PIKTOR tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS Priming patients' chemotherapy-pretreated metastatic TNBC with PIKTOR led to very prolonged response/disease control with subsequent cis/nab pac, followed by pembrolizumab, in 3 of 10 treated patients. Our multi-omics approach revealed a higher number of genomic alterations, reductions in MMR, and alterations in immune and stress response pathways post-PIKTOR in patients who had durable responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial was registered on June 21, 2017, at ClinicalTrials.gov using identifier NCT03193853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Lang
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tuong Vi V Nguyen
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Maren K Levin
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Page E Blas
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | | | | | - Natalia Briones
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - William Selleck
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sarah Moore
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Victoria L Zismann
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - William P D Hendricks
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Joyce O'Shaughnessy
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 400, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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Yi YW, You KS, Han S, Ha IJ, Park JS, Lee SG, Seong YS. Inhibition of IκB Kinase Is a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Circumvent Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5215. [PMID: 36358633 PMCID: PMC9654813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains as an intractable malignancy with limited therapeutic targets. High expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with a poor prognosis of TNBC; however, EGFR targeting has failed with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Here, we performed a combinatorial screening of fifty-five protein kinase inhibitors with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 and identified the IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor IKK16 as a sensitizer of gefitinib. Cell viability and clonogenic survival assays were performed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of the gefitinib and IKK16 (Gefitinib + IKK16) combination in TNBC cell lines. Western blot analyses were also performed to reveal the potential mode of action of this combination. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was performed in Gefitinib+IKK16-treated cells. The Gefitinib+IKK16 treatment synergistically reduced cell viability and colony formation of TNBC cell lines such as HS578T, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. This combination downregulated p-STAT3, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-GSK3β, and p-RPS6. In addition, p-NF-κB and the total NF-κB were also regulated by this combination. Furthermore, NGS analysis revealed that NF-κB/RELA targets including CCL2, CXCL8, EDN1, IL-1β, IL-6, and SERPINE1 were further reduced and several potential tumor suppressors, such as FABP3, FADS2, FDFT1, SEMA6A, and PCK2, were synergistically induced by the Gefitinib-+IKK16 treatment. Taken together, we identified the IKK/NF-κB pathway as a potential target in combination of EGFR inhibition for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Sanghee Han
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
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Insights into the Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to PARP Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112804. [PMID: 35681784 PMCID: PMC9179506 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increasingly wide use of PARP inhibitors in breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers harbouring a pathogenic variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2 has highlighted the problem of resistance to therapy. This review summarises the complex interactions between PARP1, cell cycle regulation, response to stress replication, homologous recombination, and other DNA damage repair pathways in the setting of BRCA1/2 mutated cancers that could explain the development of primary or secondary resistance to PARP inhibitors. Abstract PARP1 enzyme plays an important role in DNA damage recognition and signalling. PARP inhibitors are approved in breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers harbouring a pathogenic variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2, where PARP1 inhibition results mainly in synthetic lethality in cells with impaired homologous recombination. However, the increasingly wide use of PARP inhibitors in clinical practice has highlighted the problem of resistance to therapy. Several different mechanisms of resistance have been proposed, although only the acquisition of secondary mutations in BRCA1/2 has been clinically proved. The aim of this review is to outline the key molecular findings that could explain the development of primary or secondary resistance to PARP inhibitors, analysing the complex interactions between PARP1, cell cycle regulation, PI3K/AKT signalling, response to stress replication, homologous recombination, and other DNA damage repair pathways in the setting of BRCA1/2 mutated cancers.
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BRCA1 mutations in high-grade serous ovarian cancer are associated with proteomic changes in DNA repair, splicing, transcription regulation and signaling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4445. [PMID: 35292711 PMCID: PMC8924168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the management of BRCA1 mutated high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the physiology of these tumors remains poorly understood. Here we provide a comprehensive molecular understanding of the signaling processes that drive HGSC pathogenesis with the addition of valuable ubiquitination profiling, and their dependency on BRCA1 mutation-state directly in patient-derived tissues. Using a multilayered proteomic approach, we show the tight coordination between the ubiquitination and phosphorylation regulatory layers and their role in key cellular processes related to BRCA1-dependent HGSC pathogenesis. In addition, we identify key bridging proteins, kinase activity, and post-translational modifications responsible for molding distinct cancer phenotypes, thus providing new opportunities for therapeutic intervention, and ultimately advance towards a more personalized patient care.
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Yi YW, You KS, Park JS, Lee SG, Seong YS. Ribosomal Protein S6: A Potential Therapeutic Target against Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010048. [PMID: 35008473 PMCID: PMC8744729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit and participates in the control of mRNA translation. Additionally, phospho (p)-RPS6 has been recognized as a surrogate marker for the activated PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway, which occurs in many cancer types. However, downstream mechanisms regulated by RPS6 or p-RPS remains elusive, and the therapeutic implication of RPS6 is underappreciated despite an approximately half a century history of research on this protein. In addition, substantial evidence from RPS6 knockdown experiments suggests the potential role of RPS6 in maintaining cancer cell proliferation. This motivates us to investigate the current knowledge of RPS6 functions in cancer. In this review article, we reviewed the current information about the transcriptional regulation, upstream regulators, and extra-ribosomal roles of RPS6, with a focus on its involvement in cancer. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of RPS6 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
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Beyond the Double-Strand Breaks: The Role of DNA Repair Proteins in Cancer Stem-Cell Regulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194818. [PMID: 34638302 PMCID: PMC8508278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a tumor cell population maintaining tumor growth and promoting tumor relapse if not wholly eradicated during treatment. CSCs are often equipped with molecular mechanisms making them resistant to conventional anti-cancer therapies whose curative potential depends on DNA damage-induced cell death. An elevated expression of some key DNA repair proteins is one of such defense mechanisms. However, new research reveals that the role of critical DNA repair proteins is extending far beyond the DNA repair mechanisms. This review discusses the diverse biological functions of DNA repair proteins in CSC maintenance and the adaptation to replication and oxidative stress, anti-cancer immune response, epigenetic reprogramming, and intracellular signaling mechanisms. It also provides an overview of their potential therapeutic targeting. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are pluripotent and highly tumorigenic cells that can re-populate a tumor and cause relapses even after initially successful therapy. As with tissue stem cells, CSCs possess enhanced DNA repair mechanisms. An active DNA damage response alleviates the increased oxidative and replicative stress and leads to therapy resistance. On the other hand, mutations in DNA repair genes cause genomic instability, therefore driving tumor evolution and developing highly aggressive CSC phenotypes. However, the role of DNA repair proteins in CSCs extends beyond the level of DNA damage. In recent years, more and more studies have reported the unexpected role of DNA repair proteins in the regulation of transcription, CSC signaling pathways, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, DNA damage signaling plays an essential role in the immune response towards tumor cells. Due to its high importance for the CSC phenotype and treatment resistance, the DNA damage response is a promising target for individualized therapies. Furthermore, understanding the dependence of CSC on DNA repair pathways can be therapeutically exploited to induce synthetic lethality and sensitize CSCs to anti-cancer therapies. This review discusses the different roles of DNA repair proteins in CSC maintenance and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Yi YW, Park NY, Park JI, Seong YS, Hong YB. Doxycycline potentiates the anti-proliferation effects of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3515-3536. [PMID: 34354858 PMCID: PMC8332860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is often recommended as a first-line treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. However, gemcitabine resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Our group serendipitously identified the role of doxycycline as a potentiator of gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic cancer cells. Doxycycline and gemcitabine co-treatment was significantly more cytotoxic to pancreatic cancer cells compared to gemcitabine alone. Interestingly, doxycycline only exerted synergistic effects when coupled with gemcitabine as opposed to other conventional chemotherapeutics including nucleoside analogs. The anti-clonogenic effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells were also enhanced by doxycycline. According to cell cycle analyses, doxycycline prolonged gemcitabine-mediated S phase cell cycle arrest. Further, gene expression profiling analyses indicated that a small set of genes involved in cell cycle regulation were uniquely modulated by gemcitabine and doxycycline co-treatment compared to gemcitabine alone. Western blot analyses indicated that several cell cycle-related proteins, including cyclin D1, p21, and DNA damage inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4), were further modulated by doxycycline and gemcitabine co-treatment. Taken together, our findings indicate that doxycycline enhances the effects of gemcitabine on cell cycle progression, thus rendering pancreatic cancer cells more sensitive to gemcitabine. However, additional studies are required to assess the mechanisms of doxycycline and gemcitabine synergism, which might lead to novel treatment options for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook UniversityCheonan, Korea
| | - Na Young Park
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A UniversityBusan 49201, Korea
| | - Joo-In Park
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A UniversityBusan 49201, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A UniversityBusan 49201, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook UniversityCheonan, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116, Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A UniversityBusan 49201, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A UniversityBusan 49201, Korea
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You KS, Yi YW, Cho J, Park JS, Seong YS. Potentiating Therapeutic Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:589. [PMID: 34207383 PMCID: PMC8233743 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subset of breast cancer with aggressive characteristics and few therapeutic options. The lack of an appropriate therapeutic target is a challenging issue in treating TNBC. Although a high level expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with a poor prognosis among patients with TNBC, targeted anti-EGFR therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy for TNBC treatment in both clinical and preclinical settings. However, with the advantage of a number of clinically approved EGFR inhibitors (EGFRis), combination strategies have been explored as a promising approach to overcome the intrinsic resistance of TNBC to EGFRis. In this review, we analyzed the literature on the combination of EGFRis with other molecularly targeted therapeutics or conventional chemotherapeutics to understand the current knowledge and to provide potential therapeutic options for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 3116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeonghee Cho
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 3116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
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You KS, Yi YW, Cho J, Seong YS. Dual Inhibition of AKT and MEK Pathways Potentiates the Anti-Cancer Effect of Gefitinib in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1205. [PMID: 33801977 PMCID: PMC8000364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet medical need for the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). With drug combination screenings, we found that the triple combination of the protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT), and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) is effective in inducing apoptosis in TNBC cells. A set of PKIs were first screened in combination with gefitinib in the TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231. The AKT inhibitor, AT7867, was identified and further analyzed in two mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) subtype TNBC cells, MDA-MB-231 and HS578T. A combination of gefitinib and AT7867 reduced the proliferation and long-term survival of MSL TNBC cells. However, gefitinib and AT7867 induced the activation of the rat sarcoma (RAS)/ v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog (RAF)/MEK/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. To inhibit this pathway, MEK/ERK inhibitors were further screened in MDA-MB-231 cells in the presence of gefitinib and AT7867. As a result, we identified that the MEK inhibitor, PD-0325901, further enhanced the anti-proliferative and anti-clonogenic effects of gefitinib and AT7867 by inducing apoptosis. Our results suggest that the dual inhibition of the AKT and MEK pathways is a novel potential therapeutic strategy for targeting EGFR in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sic You
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Jeonghee Cho
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
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Subhi O, Schulten HJ, Bagatian N, Al-Dayini R, Karim S, Bakhashab S, Alotibi R, Al-Ahmadi A, Ata M, Elaimi A, Al-Muhayawi S, Mansouri M, Al-Ghamdi K, Hamour OA, Jamal A, Al-Maghrabi J, Al-Qahtani MH. Genetic relationship between Hashimoto`s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma with coexisting Hashimoto`s thyroiditis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234566. [PMID: 32603365 PMCID: PMC7326236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is present in the background of around 30% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The genetic predisposition effect of this autoimmune condition is not thoroughly understood. We analyzed the microarray expression profiles of 13 HT, eight PTCs with (w/) coexisting HT, six PTCs without (w/o) coexisting HT, six micro PTCs (mPTCs), and three normal thyroid (TN) samples. Based on a false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 and a fold change (FC) > 2, four comparison groups were defined, which were HT vs. TN; PTC w/ HT vs. TN; PTC w/o HT vs. TN; and mPTC vs. TN. A Venn diagram displayed 15 different intersecting and non-intersecting differentially expressed gene (DEG) sets, of which a set of 71 DEGs, shared between the two comparison groups HT vs. TN ∩ PTC w/ HT vs. TN, harbored the relatively largest number of genes related to immune and inflammatory functions; oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS); DNA damage and DNA repair; cell cycle; and apoptosis. The majority of the 71 DEGs were upregulated and the most upregulated DEGs included a number of immunoglobulin kappa variable genes, and other immune-related genes, e.g., CD86 molecule (CD86), interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2RG), and interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6). Upregulated genes preferentially associated with other gene ontologies (GO) were, e.g., STAT1, MMP9, TOP2A, and BRCA2. Biofunctional analysis revealed pathways related to immunogenic functions. Further data analysis focused on the set of non-intersecting 358 DEGs derived from the comparison group of HT vs. TN, and on the set of 950 DEGs from the intersection of all four comparison groups. In conclusion, this study indicates that, besides immune/inflammation-related genes, also genes associated with oxidative stress, ROS, DNA damage, DNA repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis are comparably more deregulated in a data set shared between HT and PTC w/ HT. These findings are compatible with the conception of a genetic sequence where chronic inflammatory response is accompanied by deregulation of genes and biofunctions associated with oncogenic transformation. The generated data set may serve as a source for identifying candidate genes and biomarkers that are practical for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohoud Subhi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadia Bagatian
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roa'a Al-Dayini
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alotibi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Al-Ahmadi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Ata
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Elaimi
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Al-Muhayawi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Mansouri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman Abdel Hamour
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hussain Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Murakami M, Ikeda Y, Nakagawa Y, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Special bioactive compounds and functional foods may exhibit neuroprotective effects in patients with dementia (Review). Biomed Rep 2020; 13:1. [PMID: 32509304 PMCID: PMC7271706 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a failure of cognitive ability characterized by severe neurodegeneration in select neural systems, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease. Although numerous studies have provided insights into the pathogenesis of AD, the underlying signaling and molecular pathways mediating the progressive decline of cognitive function remain poorly understood. Recent progress in molecular biology has provided an improved understanding of the importance of molecular pathogenesis of AD, and has proposed an association between DNA repair mechanisms and AD. In particular, the fundamental roles of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) tumor suppressors have been shown to regulate the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Consequently, onset of neurodegenerative diseases may be deferred with the use of dietary neuroprotective agents which alter the signaling mediated by the aforementioned tumor suppressors. In a healthy neuron, homeostasis of key intracellular molecules is of great importance, and preventing neuronal apoptosis is one of the primary goals of treatments designed for dementia-associated diseases. In the present review, progress into the understanding of dietary regulation for preventing or limiting development of dementia is discussed with a focus on the modulatory roles of PTEN and BRCA1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Murakami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yukie Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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12
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Durrant DE, Das A, Dyer S, Kukreja RC. A dual PI3 kinase/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 reverses doxorubicin resistance in ABCB1 overexpressing ovarian and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129556. [PMID: 32061787 PMCID: PMC10845210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-drug resistance (MDR) develops because cancer cells evade toxicity of several structurally unrelated drugs. Besides other mechanisms, MDR is linked to the overexpression of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC), transporters, among which ABCB1 is the best characterized one. Since overactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR plays a pivotal role in the growth of human cancers, we hypothesized whether dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor, BEZ235 (BEZ, dactolisib) reverses resistance to doxorubicin (DOX). METHODS Ovarian (A2780) and pancreatic (MiaPaca2) cancer cells were used to generate DOX-resistant clones by overexpressing ABCB1 or stepwise treatment of DOX. Intracellular accumulation of DOX was measured by flow cytometry after treatment with BEZ. RESULTS BEZ treatment caused an increase in intracellular levels of DOX which was almost identical to the naïve parental cell lines. BEZ was found to be a weak substrate for ABCB1 as demonstrated by minimal increase in ATPase activity. BEZ treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability in combination with DOX, which was associated with an increase in cleaved PARP expression in the drug resistant clones. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that BEZ is a non-substrate inhibitor of ABCB1 and is able to effectively re-sensitize cells overexpressing ABCB1 to the effects of DOX. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Dual PI3 Kinase/mTOR inhibitor, BEZ, has the potential to reverse MDR in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Durrant
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Anindita Das
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Samya Dyer
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
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13
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Zheng D, Sussman JH, Jeon MP, Parrish ST, MacMullan MA, Delfarah A, Graham NA. AKT but not MYC promotes reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death in oxidative culture. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239277. [PMID: 32094265 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenes can create metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells. We tested how AKT (herein referring to AKT1) and MYC affect the ability of cells to shift between respiration and glycolysis. Using immortalized mammary epithelial cells, we discovered that constitutively active AKT, but not MYC, induced cell death in galactose culture, where cells rely on oxidative phosphorylation for energy generation. However, the negative effects of AKT were temporary, and AKT-expressing cells recommenced growth after ∼15 days in galactose. To identify the mechanisms regulating AKT-mediated cell death, we used metabolomics and found that AKT-expressing cells that were dying in galactose culture had upregulated glutathione metabolism. Proteomic profiling revealed that AKT-expressing cells dying in galactose also upregulated nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a marker of sensitivity to oxidative stress. We therefore measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and discovered that galactose-induced ROS exclusively in cells expressing AKT. Furthermore, ROS were required for galactose-induced death of AKT-expressing cells. We then confirmed that galactose-induced ROS-mediated cell death in breast cancer cells with upregulated AKT signaling. These results demonstrate that AKT but not MYC restricts the flexibility of cancer cells to use oxidative phosphorylation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zheng
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jonathan H Sussman
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew P Jeon
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sydney T Parrish
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Melanie A MacMullan
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Alireza Delfarah
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nicholas A Graham
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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14
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Gorodetska I, Kozeretska I, Dubrovska A. BRCA Genes: The Role in Genome Stability, Cancer Stemness and Therapy Resistance. J Cancer 2019; 10:2109-2127. [PMID: 31205572 PMCID: PMC6548160 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process, and tumors frequently harbor multiple mutations regulating genome integrity, cell division and death. The integrity of cellular genome is closely controlled by the mechanisms of DNA damage signaling and DNA repair. The association of breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 with breast and ovarian cancer development was first demonstrated over 20 years ago. Since then the germline mutations within these genes were linked to genomic instability and increased risk of many other cancer types. Genomic instability is an engine of the oncogenic transformation of non-tumorigenic cells into tumor-initiating cells and further tumor evolution. In this review we discuss the biological functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and the role of BRCA mutations in tumor initiation, regulation of cancer stemness, therapy resistance and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iryna Kozeretska
- Department of General and Medical Genetics, ESC "The Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Kaemmerer E, Turner D, Peters AA, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. An automated epifluorescence microscopy imaging assay for the identification of phospho-AKT level modulators in breast cancer cells. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 92:13-19. [PMID: 29438745 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AKT is an enzyme of the PI3K/pAKT pathway, regulating proliferation and cell survival. High basal levels of active, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) are associated with tumor progression and therapeutic resistance in some breast cancer subtypes, including HER2 positive breast cancers. Various stimuli can increase pAKT levels and elevated basal pAKT levels are a feature of PTEN-deficient breast cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to develop an assay able to identify modulators of pAKT levels using an automated epifluorescence microscope and high content analysis. To develop this assay, we used HCC-1569, a PTEN-deficient, HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line with elevated basal pAKT levels. HCC-1569 cells were treated with a selective pharmacological inhibitor of AKT (MK-2206) to reduce basal pAKT levels or EGF to increase pAKT levels. Immunofluorescence images were acquired using an automated epifluorescence microscope and integrated intensity of cytoplasmic pAKT staining was calculated using high content analysis software. Mean and median integrated cytoplasmic intensity were normalized using fold change and standard score to assess assay quality and to identify most robust data analysis. The highest z' factor was achieved for median data normalization using the standard score method (z' = 0.45). Using our developed assay we identified the calcium homeostasis regulating proteins TPRV6, STIM1 and TRPC1 as modulators of pAKT levels in HCC-1569 cells. Calcium signaling controls a diverse array of cellular processes and some calcium homeostasis regulating proteins are involved in modulating pAKT levels in cancer cells. Thus, these identified hits present promising targets for further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Kaemmerer
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Dane Turner
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Amelia A Peters
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | - Gregory R Monteith
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Sharma B, Preet Kaur R, Raut S, Munshi A. BRCA1 mutation spectrum, functions, and therapeutic strategies: The story so far. Curr Probl Cancer 2018; 42:189-207. [PMID: 29452958 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1 gene mutations account for about 25-28% of hereditary Breast Cancer as BRCA1 is included in the category of high penetrance genes. Except for few commonmutations, there is a heterogenous spectrum of BRCA1 mutations in various ethnic groups. 185AGdel and 5382ins Care the most common BRCA1 alterations (founder mutations) which have been identified in most of the population. This review has been compiled with an aim to consolidate the information on genetic variants reported in BRCA1 found in various ethnic groups, their functional implications if known; involvement of BRCA1 in various cellular pathways/processes and potential BRCA1 targeted therapies. The pathological variations of BRCA1 vary among different ethical groups. A systematic search in PubMed and Google scholar for the literature on BRCA1 gene was carried out to figure out structure and function of BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 is a large protein having 1863 amino acids with multiple functional domains and interacts with multiple proteins to carry out various crucial cellular processes. BRCA1 plays a major role in maintaining genome integrity, transcription regulation, chromatin remodeling, cell cycle checkpoint control, DNA damage repair, chromosomal segregation, and apoptosis. Studies investigating the phenotypic response of mutant BRCA1 protein and comparing it to wildtype BRCA1 protein are clinically important as they are involved in homologous recombination and other repair mechanisms. These studies may help in developing more targetted therapies, detecting novel interacting partners, identification of new signaling pathways that BRCA1 is a part of or downstream target genes that BRCA1 affects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Raman Preet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sonali Raut
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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17
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Suvarna V, Murahari M, Khan T, Chaubey P, Sangave P. Phytochemicals and PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer-An Insight. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:916. [PMID: 29311925 PMCID: PMC5736021 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's world of modern medicine and novel therapies, cancer still remains to be one of the prime contributor to the death of people worldwide. The modern therapies improve condition of cancer patients and are effective in early stages of cancer but the advanced metastasized stage of cancer remains untreatable. Also most of the cancer therapies are expensive and are associated with adverse side effects. Thus, considering the current status of cancer treatment there is scope to search for efficient therapies which are cost-effective and are associated with lesser and milder side effects. Phytochemicals have been utilized for many decades to prevent and cure various ailments and current evidences indicate use of phytochemicals as an effective treatment for cancer. Hyperactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascades is a common phenomenon in most types of cancers. Thus, natural substances targeting PI3K pathway can be of great therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer patients. This chapter summarizes the updated research on plant-derived substances targeting PI3K pathway and the current status of their preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanti Suvarna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramila Chaubey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Preeti Sangave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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18
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Wang CG, Zhong L, Liu YL, Shi XJ, Shi LQ, Zeng L, Liu BZ. Emodin Exerts an Antiapoptotic Effect on Human Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia K562 Cell Lines by Targeting the PTEN/PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway and Deleting BCR-ABL. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 16:526-539. [PMID: 27698265 PMCID: PMC5739139 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416664784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, is the front-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, but the emergence of imatinib resistance has led to the search for alternative drug treatments. There is a pressing need, therefore, to develop and test novel drugs. Natural products including plants, microorganisms, and halobios provide rich resources for discovery of anticancer drugs. In this article, we demonstrate that emodin inhibited the growth of K562 cells harboring BCR-ABL in vitro and in vivo, and induced abundant apoptosis, which was correlated with the inhibition of PETN/PI3K/Akt level and deletion of BCR-ABL. These findings suggest that emodin is a promising agent to kill K562 cells harboring BCR-ABL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Guang Wang
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Li Liu
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jun Shi
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long-Qin Shi
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei-Zhong Liu
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Gradziel CS, Jordan PA, Jewel D, Dufort FJ, Miller SJ, Chiles TC, Roberts MF. d-3-Deoxy-dioctanoylphosphatidylinositol induces cytotoxicity in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells via a mechanism that involves downregulation of the D-type cyclin-retinoblastoma pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1861:1808-1815. [PMID: 27600289 PMCID: PMC5115159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol analogs (PIAs) were originally designed to bind competitively to the Akt PH domain and prevent membrane translocation and activation. d-3-Deoxy-dioctanoylphosphatidylinositol (d-3-deoxy-diC8PI), but not compounds with altered inositol stereochemistry (e.g., l-3-deoxy-diC8PI and l-3,5-dideoxy-diC8PI), is cytotoxic. However, high resolution NMR field cycling relaxometry shows that both cytotoxic and non-toxic PIAs bind to the Akt1 PH domain at the site occupied by the cytotoxic alkylphospholipid perifosine. This suggests that another mechanism for cytotoxicity must account for the difference in efficacy of the synthetic short-chain PIAs. In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with little constitutively active Akt, d-3-deoxy-diC8PI (but not l-compounds) decreases viability concomitant with increased cleavage of PARP and caspase 9, indicative of apoptosis. d-3-Deoxy-diC8PI also induces a decrease in endogenous levels of cyclins D1 and D3 and blocks downstream retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. siRNA-mediated depletion of cyclin D1, but not cyclin D3, reduces MCF-7 cell proliferation. Thus, growth arrest and cytotoxicity induced by the soluble d-3-deoxy-diC8PI occur by a mechanism that involves downregulation of the D-type cyclin-pRb pathway independent of its interaction with Akt. This ability to downregulate D-type cyclins contributes, at least in part, to the anti-proliferative activity of d-3-deoxy-diC8PI and may be a common feature of other cytotoxic phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Gradziel
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
| | - Peter A Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Delilah Jewel
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
| | - Fay J Dufort
- Department of Biology, Higgins Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Thomas C Chiles
- Department of Biology, Higgins Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
| | - Mary F Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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20
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Ogino M, Ichimura M, Nakano N, Minami A, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Roles of PTEN with DNA Repair in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060954. [PMID: 27314344 PMCID: PMC4926487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to play key roles in aging and pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, which could bring DNA damage by cells. The DNA damage may lead to the cell apoptosis, which could contribute to the degeneration of neuronal tissues. Recent evidence suggests that PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10) may be involved in the pathophysiology of the neurodegenerative disorders. Since PTEN expression appears to be one dominant determinant of the neuronal cell death, PTEN should be a potential molecular target of novel therapeutic strategies against Parkinson’s disease. In addition, defects in DNA damage response and DNA repair are often associated with modulation of hormone signaling pathways. Especially, many observations imply a role for estrogen in a regulation of the DNA repair action. In the present review, we have attempted to summarize the function of DNA repair molecules at a viewpoint of the PTEN signaling pathway and the hormone related functional modulation of cells, providing a broad interpretation on the molecular mechanisms for treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Particular attention will be paid to the mechanisms proposed to explain the health effects of food ingredients against Parkinson’s disease related to reduce oxidative stress for an efficient therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Ogino
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Ichimura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Noriko Nakano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Akari Minami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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21
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Durrant DE, Das A, Dyer S, Tavallai S, Dent P, Kukreja RC. Targeted Inhibition of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin without Exacerbating Cardiac Toxicity. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:512-23. [PMID: 26101222 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the lowest 5-year survival rate of all major cancers despite decades of effort to design and implement novel, more effective treatment options. In this study, we tested whether the dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor BEZ235 (BEZ) potentiates the antitumor effects of doxorubicin (DOX) against pancreatic cancer. Cotreatment of BEZ235 with DOX resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin survival pathway, which corresponded with an increase in poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage. Moreover, BEZ cotreatment significantly improved the effects of DOX toward both cell viability and cell death in part through reduced Bcl-2 expression and increased expression of the shorter, more cytotoxic forms of BIM. BEZ also facilitated intracellular accumulation of DOX, which led to enhanced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, BEZ in combination with gemcitabine reduced MiaPaca2 cell proliferation but failed to increase reactive oxygen species generation or BIM expression, resulting in reduced necrosis and apoptosis. Treatment with BEZ and DOX in mice bearing tumor xenographs significantly repressed tumor growth as compared with BEZ, DOX, or gemcitabine. Additionally, in contrast to the enhanced expression seen in MiaPaca2 cells, BEZ and DOX cotreatment reduced BIM expression in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Also, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased, which was associated with a reduction in cell death. In vivo echocardiography showed decreased cardiac function with DOX treatment, which was not improved by combination treatment with BEZ. Thus, we propose that combining BEZ with DOX would be a better option for patients than current standard of care by providing a more effective tumor response without the associated increase in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Durrant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.E.D., S.T., P.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center (A.D., S.D., R.C.K.), and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.C.K.), Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Anindita Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.E.D., S.T., P.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center (A.D., S.D., R.C.K.), and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.C.K.), Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Samya Dyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.E.D., S.T., P.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center (A.D., S.D., R.C.K.), and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.C.K.), Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Seyedmehrad Tavallai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.E.D., S.T., P.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center (A.D., S.D., R.C.K.), and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.C.K.), Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.E.D., S.T., P.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center (A.D., S.D., R.C.K.), and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.C.K.), Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.E.D., S.T., P.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center (A.D., S.D., R.C.K.), and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.C.K.), Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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22
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Yi YW, Kang HJ, Bae EJ, Oh S, Seong YS, Bae I. β-TrCP1 degradation is a novel action mechanism of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e143. [PMID: 25721419 PMCID: PMC4346488 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An F-box protein, β-TrCP recognizes substrate proteins and destabilizes them through ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. It regulates the stability of diverse proteins and functions as either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene. Although the regulation by β-TrCP has been widely studied, the regulation of β-TrCP itself is not well understood yet. In this study, we found that the level of β-TrCP1 is downregulated by various protein kinase inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. A PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI-103 reduced the level of β-TrCP1 in a wide range of TNBC cells in a proteasome-dependent manner. Concomitantly, the levels of c-Myc and cyclin E were also downregulated by PI-103. PI-103 reduced the phosphorylation of β-TrCP1 prior to its degradation. In addition, knockdown of β-TrCP1 inhibited the proliferation of TNBC cells. We further identified that pharmacological inhibition of mTORC2 was sufficient to reduce the β-TrCP1 and c-Myc levels. These results suggest that mTORC2 regulates the stability of β-TrCP1 in TNBC cells and targeting β-TrCP1 is a potential approach to treat human TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- 1] Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA [2] Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edward Jeong Bae
- 1] Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA [2] Department of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seunghoon Oh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- 1] Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA [2] Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Insoo Bae
- 1] Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA [2] Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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23
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Minami A, Nakanishi A, Ogura Y, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Connection between Tumor Suppressor BRCA1 and PTEN in Damaged DNA Repair. Front Oncol 2014; 4:318. [PMID: 25426449 PMCID: PMC4226230 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability finally induces cell death or apoptosis. The tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), is a dual-specificity phosphatase, which has protein phosphatase activity and lipid phosphatase activity that antagonizes PI3K activity. Cells that lack PTEN have constitutively higher levels of PIP3 and activated downstream PI3K/AKT targets. BRCA1, a well-known breast cancer tumor suppressor, is to associate with breast cancer risk and genetic susceptibility. Many studies have demonstrated that PTEN, as well as BRCA1, plays a critical role in DNA damage responses. The BRCA1 functionally cooperates with PTEN and might be an essential blockage in the development of several tumors. Actually, the PTEN and BRCA1 genes are recognized as one of the most frequently deleted and/or mutated in many human cancers. The PI3K/AKT pathway is constitutively active in BRCA1-defective human cancer cells. Loss or decrease of these PTEN or BRCA1 function, by either mutation or reduced expression, has a role in various tumor developments. This review summarizes recent findings of the function of BRCA1 and PTEN involved in genomic stability and cancer cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Minami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University , Nara , Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakanishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University , Nara , Japan
| | - Yasunori Ogura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University , Nara , Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University , Nara , Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University , Nara , Japan
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24
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Yi YW, Kang HJ, Kim HJ, Kong Y, Brown ML, Bae I. Targeting mutant p53 by a SIRT1 activator YK-3-237 inhibits the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2014; 4:984-94. [PMID: 23846322 PMCID: PMC3759676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of mutations in tumor suppressor p53 are oncogenic through gain-of-function. Therefore, targeting mutant p53 (mtp53) is a promising therapeutic approach to fight against many types of cancers. We report here a small molecule compound YK-3-237 that reduces acetylation of mtp53 and exhibits anti-proliferative effects toward triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells carrying mtp53. YK-3-237 activates SIRT1 enzyme activities in vitro and deacetylation of both mtp53 and wild type p53 (WTp53) in a SIRT1-dependent manner. Deacetylation of mtp53 resulted in depletion of mtp53 protein level and up-regulated the expression of WTp53-target genes, PUMA and NOXA. YK-3-237 also induces PARP-dependent apoptotic cell death and arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase in mtp53 TNBC cells. Taken together, our data suggest that targeting acetylation of mtp53 is a potential target to treat human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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25
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Wang L, Di LJ. BRCA1 and estrogen/estrogen receptor in breast cancer: where they interact? Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:566-75. [PMID: 24910535 PMCID: PMC4046883 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 mainly acts as a tumor suppressor and BRCA1 mutation correlates with increased cancer risk. Although it is well recognized that BRCA1 related tumorigenesis is mainly caused by the increased DNA damage and decreased genome stability, it is not clear that why BRCA1 related patients have higher risk for cancer development mainly in estrogen responsive tissues such as breast and ovary. Recent studies suggested that BRCA1 and E-ER (estrogen and estrogen receptor) signaling synergistically regulate the mammary epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. In this current presentation, we reviewed the correlation between mammary gland epithelial cell transformation and the status of BRCA1 and ER. Then the mechanisms of BRCA1 and E-ER interaction at both gene transcription level and protein-protein interaction level are discussed. Furthermore, the tumorigenic mechanisms are discussed by focusing on the synergistic effect of BRCA1 and E-ER on cell metabolism, ROS management, and antioxidant activity in mammary gland epithelial cells. Also, the possibility of cell de-differentiation promoted by coordinated effect between BRCA1 mutation and E-ER signal is explored. Together, the currently available evidences suggest that BRCA1 mutation and E-ER signal together, contribute to breast tumorigenesis by providing the metabolic support for cancer cell growth and even may directly be involved in promoting the de-differentiation of cancer-prone epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Faculty of health sciences, University of Macau, SAR of People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Di
- Faculty of health sciences, University of Macau, SAR of People's Republic of China
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26
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Yi YW, Hong W, Kang HJ, Kim HJ, Zhao W, Wang A, Seong YS, Bae I. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway potentiates cytotoxicity of EGFR kinase inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:648-56. [PMID: 23601074 PMCID: PMC3822817 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are known to be intrinsically resistant to inhibitors for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Until now, clinical trials for TNBCs using EGFR inhibitors (EGFRis) as single agents have yielded disappointing results. Here, we report that combinatorial treatment using EGFRis, such as gefitinib or erlotinib, with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors (PI3K/AKTis) demonstrated a synergistic, anti-proliferative effect in cell lines of the basal-like (BL) subtype, a subtype of TNBC. Western blot analysis revealed that the gefitinib/PI-103 combination significantly reduced the level of both phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK in two susceptible BL subtype cell lines, SUM149PT and MDA-MB-468, whereas it had little or no effect on the level of phospho-ERK in two non-susceptible cell lines (HS578T and MDA-MB-231) of mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) TNBC subtype. The gefitinib/PI-103 combination also significantly induced caspase-3/7-mediated PARP cleavage and reduced two anti-apoptotic proteins, XIAP and Bcl-2 in the susceptible cell lines. In addition, the level of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) protein was markedly decreased by gefitinib/PI-103 combination in the BL TNBC cells, but showed no significant change by this combination in MSL subtype cells. These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of EGFR used in combination of PI3K/AKTis is a potential therapeutic approach to treat a subtype of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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