1
|
Tezuka T, Ishiguro M, Taniguchi D, Osogaguchi E, Shiba-Fukushima K, Ogata J, Ishii R, Ikeda A, Li Y, Yoshino H, Matsui T, Kaida K, Funayama M, Nishioka K, Kumazawa F, Matsubara T, Tsuda H, Saito Y, Murayama S, Imai Y, Hattori N. Clinical characteristics and pathophysiological properties of newly discovered LRRK2 variants associated with Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106571. [PMID: 38901781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most common gene responsible for familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The gene product of LRRK2 contains multiple protein domains, including armadillo repeat, ankyrin repeat, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), Ras-of-complex (ROC), C-terminal of ROC (COR), kinase, and WD40 domains. In this study, we performed genetic screening of LRRK2 in our PD cohort, detecting sixteen LRRK2 rare variants. Among them, we selected seven variants that are likely to be familial and characterized them in terms of LRRK2 protein function, along with clinical information and one pathological analysis. The seven variants were S1120P and N1221K in the LRR domain; I1339M, S1403R, and V1447M in the ROC domain; and I1658F and D1873H in the COR domain. The kinase activity of the LRRK2 variants N1221K, S1403R, V1447M, and I1658F toward Rab10, a well-known phosphorylation substrate, was higher than that of wild-type LRRK2. LRRK2 D1873H showed enhanced self-association activity, whereas LRRK2 S1403R and D1873H showed reduced microtubule-binding activity. Pathological analysis of a patient with the LRRK2 V1447M variant was also performed, which revealed Lewy pathology in the brainstem. No functional alterations in terms of kinase activity, self-association activity, and microtubule-binding activity were detected in LRRK2 S1120P and I1339M variants. However, the patient with PD carrying LRRK2 S1120P variant also had a heterozygous Glucosylceramidase beta 1 (GBA1) L444P variant. In conclusion, we characterized seven LRRK2 variants potentially associated with PD. Five of the seven variants in different LRRK2 domains exhibited altered properties in kinase activity, self-association, and microtubule-binding activity, suggesting that each domain variant may contribute to disease progression in different ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Tezuka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mayu Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ehoto Osogaguchi
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kahori Shiba-Fukushima
- Department of Drug Development for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jun Ogata
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryota Ishii
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Aya Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Yoshino
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taro Matsui
- Division of Neurology, Anti-aging, and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kaida
- Division of Neurology, Anti-aging, and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Fumihisa Kumazawa
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Matsubara
- Brain Bank for Aging Research (Department of Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Brain Bank for Aging Research (Department of Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Brain Bank for Aging Research (Department of Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Imai
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Drug Development for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chahine LM, Lafontant DE, Ho Choi S, Iwaki H, Blauwendraat C, Singleton AB, Brumm MC, Alcalay RN, Merchant K, Nudelman KNH, Dagher A, Vo A, Tao Q, Venuto CS, Kieburtz K, Poston KL, Bressman S, Gonzalez-Latapi P, Avants B, Coffey C, Jennings D, Tolosa E, Siderowf A, Marek K, Simuni T. LRRK2-Associated Parkinsonism With and Without In Vivo Evidence of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregates. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.22.24310806. [PMID: 39108519 PMCID: PMC11302724 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.24310806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Among LRRK2-associated parkinsonism cases with nigral degeneration, over two-thirds demonstrate evidence of pathologic alpha-synuclein, but many do not. Understanding the clinical phenotype and underlying biology in such individuals is critical for therapeutic development. Our objective was to compare clinical and biomarker features, and rate of progression over 4 years follow-up, among LRRK2-associated parkinsonism cases with and without in vivo evidence of alpha-synuclein aggregates. Methods Data were from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, a multicenter prospective cohort study. The sample included individuals diagnosed with Parkinson disease with pathogenic variants in LRRK2. Presence of CSF alpha-synuclein aggregation was assessed with seed amplification assay. A range of clinician- and patient- reported outcome assessments were administered. Biomarkers included dopamine transporter SPECT scan, CSF amyloid-beta1-42, total tau, phospho-tau181, urine bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate levels, and serum neurofilament light chain. Linear mixed effects models examined differences in trajectory in CSF negative and positive groups. Results 148 LRRK2-parkinsonism cases (86% with G2019S variant), 46 negative and 102 positive for CSF alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay were included. At baseline, the negative group were older than the positive group (median [interquartile range] 69.1 [65.2-72.3] vs 61.5 [55.6-66.9] years, p<0.001) and a greater proportion were female (28 (61%) vs 43 (42%), p=0.035). Despite being older, the negative group had similar duration since diagnosis, and similar motor rating scale (16 [11-23] vs 16 [10-22], p=0.480) though lower levodopa equivalents. Only 13 (29%) of the negative group were hyposmic, compared to 75 (77%) of the positive group. Lowest putamen dopamine transporter binding expected for age and sex was greater in the negative vs positive groups (0.36 [0.29-0.45] vs 0.26 [0.22-0.37], p<0.001). Serum neurofilament light chain was higher in the negative group compared to the positive group (17.10 [13.60-22.10] vs 10.50 [8.43-14.70]; age-adjusted p-value=0.013). In terms of longitudinal change, the negative group remained stable in functional rating scale score in contrast to the positive group who had a significant increase (worsening) of 0.729 per year (p=0.037), but no other differences in trajectory were found. Conclusion Among individuals diagnosed with Parkinson disease with pathogenic variants in the LRRK2 gene, we found clinical and biomarker differences in cases without versus with in vivo evidence of CSF alpha-synuclein aggregates. LRRK2 parkinsonism cases without evidence of alpha-synuclein aggregates as a group exhibit less severe motor manifestations and decline may have more significant cognitive dysfunction. The underlying biology in LRRK2-parkinsonism cases without evidence of alpha-synuclein aggregates requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana M Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
| | - David-Erick Lafontant
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- DataTecnica LLC, Washington, District of Columbia, USA. (2) Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael C Brumm
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel and Department of Neurology; Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Kalpana Merchant
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrew Vo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Qin Tao
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Charles S Venuto
- Department of Neurology, Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Karl Kieburtz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Susan Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel and Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Christopher Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Eduard Tolosa
- Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ken Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tanya Simuni
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Woerman AL, Luk KC. Are Preformed Fibrils a Model of Parkinson's Disease? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024:JPD240228. [PMID: 39031387 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) made from recombinant α-synuclein are broadly used throughout the field in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease. However, their ability to successfully recapitulate disease biology is a controversial topic. In this article, two researchers debate this issue with Amanda Woerman taking the view that PFFs are a model of synucleinopathy but not Parkinson's disease, while Kelvin Luk defends their use as an important tool in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Woerman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Prion Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Masato A, Andolfo A, Favetta G, Bellini EN, Cogo S, Dalla Valle L, Boassa D, Greggio E, Plotegher N, Bubacco L. Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) as a target in dopamine catabolite-mediated cellular dyshomeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:424. [PMID: 38890356 PMCID: PMC11189528 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in the dopamine catabolic pathway are known to contribute to the degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). The progressive cellular buildup of the highly reactive intermediate 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehye (DOPAL) generates protein cross-linking, oligomerization of the PD-linked αSynuclein (αSyn) and imbalance in protein quality control. In this scenario, the autophagic cargo sequestome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) emerges as a target of DOPAL-dependent oligomerization and accumulation in cytosolic clusters. Although DOPAL-induced oxidative stress and activation of the Nrf2 pathway promote p62 expression, p62 oligomerization rather seems to be a consequence of direct DOPAL modification. DOPAL-induced p62 clusters are positive for ubiquitin and accumulate within lysosomal-related structures, likely affecting the autophagy-lysosomal functionality. Finally, p62 oligomerization and clustering is synergistically augmented by DOPAL-induced αSyn buildup. Hence, the substantial impact on p62 proteostasis caused by DOPAL appears of relevance for dopaminergic neurodegeneration, in which the progressive failure of degradative pathways and the deposition of proteins like αSyn, ubiquitin and p62 in inclusion bodies represent a major trait of PD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Favetta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Niccolò Bellini
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Cogo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Daniela Boassa
- Department of Neurosciences and National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Plotegher
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Coukos R, Krainc D. Key genes and convergent pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:393-413. [PMID: 38600347 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the preferential dysfunction and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The onset and progression of PD is influenced by a diversity of genetic variants, many of which lack functional characterization. To identify the most high-yield targets for therapeutic intervention, it is important to consider the core cellular compartments and functional pathways upon which the varied forms of pathogenic dysfunction may converge. Here, we review several key PD-linked proteins and pathways, focusing on the mechanisms of their potential convergence in disease pathogenesis. These dysfunctions primarily localize to a subset of subcellular compartments, including mitochondria, lysosomes and synapses. We discuss how these pathogenic mechanisms that originate in different cellular compartments may coordinately lead to cellular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Coukos
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Potdar C, Jagtap S, Singh K, Yadav R, Pal PK, Datta I. Impaired Sonic Hedgehog Responsiveness of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Floor Plate Cells Carrying the LRRK2-I1371V Mutation Contributes to the Ontogenic Origin of Lower Dopaminergic Neuron Yield. Stem Cells Dev 2024; 33:306-320. [PMID: 38753688 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lower population of dopaminergic (DA) neurons is known to increase susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD), and our earlier study showed a lower yield of DA neurons in Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase Isoleucine 1371 Valine (LRRK2-I1371V) mutation-carrying PD patient-derived induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). Although the role of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in DA neurogenesis of floor plate cells (FPCs) is known, the effect of LRRK2 mutations on SHH responsiveness of FPCs impacting DA neuronal yield has not been studied. We investigated SHH responsiveness of FPCs derived from LRRK2-I1371V PD patient iPSCs with regard to the expression of SHH receptors Patched1 (Ptch1) and Smoothened (Smo), in conjunction with nuclear Gli1 (glioma-associated oncogene 1) expression, intracellular Ca2+ rise, and cytosolic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels upon SHH induction. In addition, we examined the mechanistic link with LRRK2-I1371V gain-of-function by assessing membrane fluidity and Rab8A and Rab10 phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells and healthy control (HC) FPCs overexpressing LRRK2-I1371V as well as FPCs. Although total expression of Ptch1 and Smo was comparable, receptor expression on cell surface was significantly lower in LRRK2-I1371V FPCs than in HC FPCs, with distinctly lower nuclear expression of the downstream transcription factor Gli1. HC-FPCs transfected with LRRK2-I1371V exhibited a similarly reduced cell surface expression of Ptch1 and Smo. Intracellular Ca2+ response was significantly lower with corresponding elevated cAMP levels in LRRK2-I1371V FPCs compared with HC FPCs upon SHH stimulation. The LRRK2-I1371V mutant FPCs and LRRK2-I1371V-transfected SH-SY5Y and HC FPCs too exhibited higher autophosphorylation of phospho LRRK2 (pLRRK2) serine1292 and serine935, as well as substrate phosphorylation of Rab8A and Rab10. Concurrent increase in membrane fluidity, accompanied by a decrease in membrane cholesterol, and lower expression of lipid raft marker caveolin 1 were also observed in them. These findings suggest that impaired SHH responsiveness of LRRK2-I1371V PD FPCs indeed leads to lower yield of DA neurons during ontogeny. Reduced cell surface expression of SHH receptors is influenced by alteration in membrane fluidity owing to the increased substrate phosphorylation of Rab8A and reduced membrane protein trafficking due to pRab10, both results of the LRRK2-I1371V mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Potdar
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Soham Jagtap
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kluge A, Borsche M, Streubel-Gallasch L, Gül T, Schaake S, Balck A, Prasuhn J, Campbell P, Morris HR, Schapira AH, Lohmann K, Brüggemann N, Rakovic A, Seibler P, Başak AN, Berg D, Klein C. α-Synuclein Pathology in PRKN-Linked Parkinson's Disease: New Insights from a Blood-Based Seed Amplification Assay. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:1173-1177. [PMID: 38546204 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in PRKN cause early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), while the role of alpha-synuclein in PRKN-PD remains uncertain. One study performed a blood-based alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay (SAA) in PRKN-PD, not detecting seed amplification in 17 PRKN-PD patients. By applying a methodologically different SAA focusing on neuron-derived extracellular vesicles, we demonstrated alpha-synuclein seed amplification in 8 of 13 PRKN-PD patients, challenging the view of PRKN-PD as a non-synucleinopathy. Moreover, we performed blinded replication of the neuron-derived extracellular vesicles-dependent SAA in idiopathic PD patients and healthy controls. In conclusion, blood-based neuron-derived extracellular vesicles-dependent SAA represents a promising biomarker to elucidate the underpinnings of (monogenic) PD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1173-1177.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kluge
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel and Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Max Borsche
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck and University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Tuğçe Gül
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Susen Schaake
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Balck
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck and University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jannik Prasuhn
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck and University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip Campbell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Center, University College London, London, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Center, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony H Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Center, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck and University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Nazlı Başak
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel and Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sano T, Nagata T, Ebihara S, Yoshida-Tanaka K, Nakamura A, Sasaki A, Shimozawa A, Mochizuki H, Uchihara T, Hasegawa M, Yokota T. Effects of local reduction of endogenous α-synuclein using antisense oligonucleotides on the fibril-induced propagation of pathology through the neural network in wild-type mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:75. [PMID: 38745295 PMCID: PMC11092238 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, fibrillar forms of α-synuclein (aSyn) are hypothesized to structurally convert and pathologize endogenous aSyn, which then propagates through the neural connections, forming Lewy pathologies and ultimately causing neurodegeneration. Inoculation of mouse-derived aSyn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the unilateral striatum of wild-type mice causes widespread aSyn pathologies in the brain through the neural network. Here, we used the local injection of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) against Snca mRNA to confine the area of endogenous aSyn protein reduction and not to affect the PFFs properties in this model. We then varied the timing and location of ASOs injection to examine their impact on the initiation and propagation of aSyn pathologies in the whole brain and the therapeutic effect using abnormally-phosphorylated aSyn (pSyn) as an indicator. By injecting ASOs before or 0-14 days after the PFFs were inoculated into the same site in the left striatum, the reduction in endogenous aSyn in the striatum leads to the prevention and inhibition of the regional spread of pSyn pathologies to the whole brain including the contralateral right hemisphere. ASO post-injection inhibited extension from neuritic pathologies to somatic ones. Moreover, injection of ASOs into the right striatum prevented the remote regional spread of pSyn pathologies from the left striatum where PFFs were inoculated and no ASO treatment was conducted. This indicated that the reduction in endogenous aSyn protein levels at the propagation destination site can attenuate pSyn pathologies, even if those at the propagation initiation site are not inhibited, which is consistent with the original concept of prion-like propagation that endogenous aSyn is indispensable for this regional spread. Our results demonstrate the importance of recruiting endogenous aSyn in this neural network propagation model and indicate a possible potential for ASO treatment in synucleinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Sano
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nagata
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- NucleoTIDE and PepTIDE Drug Discovery Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Satoe Ebihara
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kie Yoshida-Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Asuka Sasaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Aki Shimozawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchihara
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- NucleoTIDE and PepTIDE Drug Discovery Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yuan Y, Wang Y, Liu M, Luo H, Liu X, Li L, Mao C, Yang T, Li S, Zhang X, Gao Y, Xu Y, Yang J. Peripheral cutaneous synucleinopathy characteristics in genetic Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1404492. [PMID: 38751879 PMCID: PMC11094647 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1404492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (p-α-syn) deposition is an important biomarker of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). Recent studies have reported synucleinopathies in patients with common genetic forms of PD. Objective This study aimed to detect p-α-syn deposition characteristic in rare genetic PD patients with CHCHD2 or RAB39B mutations. Moreover, this study also aimed to describe peripheral alpha-synuclein prion-like activity in genetic PD patients, and acquire whether the cutaneous synucleinopathy characteristics of genetic PD are consistent with central neuropathologies. Methods We performed four skin biopsy samples from the distal leg (DL) and proximal neck (C7) of 161 participants, including four patients with CHCHD2 mutations, two patients with RAB39B mutations, 16 patients with PRKN mutations, 14 patients with LRRK2 mutations, five patients with GBA mutations, 100 iPD patients, and 20 healthy controls. We detected cutaneous synucleinopathies using immunofluorescence staining and a seeding amplification assay (SAA). A systematic literature review was also conducted, involving 64 skin biopsies and 205 autopsies of genetic PD patients with synucleinopathy. Results P-α-syn was deposited in the peripheral cutaneous nerves of PD patients with CHCHD2, LRRK2, or GBA mutations but not in those with RAB39B or PRKN mutations. There were no significant differences in the location or rate of α-syn-positive deposits between genetic PD and iPD patients. Peripheral cutaneous synucleinopathy appears to well represent brain synucleinopathy of genetic PD, especially autosomal dominant PD (AD-PD). Cutaneous α-synuclein SAA analysis of iPD and LRRK2 and GBA mutation patients revealed prion-like activity. Conclusion P-α-syn deposition in peripheral cutaneous nerves, detected using SAA and immunofluorescence staining, may serve as an accurate biomarker for genetic PD and iPD in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Minglei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lanjun Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chengyuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mulroy E, Erro R, Bhatia KP, Hallett M. Refining the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 122:106041. [PMID: 38360507 PMCID: PMC11069446 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Our ability to define, understand, and classify Parkinson's disease (PD) has undergone significant changes since the disorder was first described in 1817. Clinical features and neuropathologic signatures can now be supplemented by in-vivo interrogation of genetic and biological substrates of disease, offering great opportunity for further refining the diagnosis of PD. In this mini-review, we discuss the historical perspectives which shaped our thinking surrounding the definition and diagnosis of PD. We highlight the clinical, genetic, pathologic and biologic diversity which underpins the condition, and proceed to discuss how recent developments in our ability to define biologic and pathologic substrates of disease might impact PD definition, diagnosis, individualised prognostication, and personalised clinical care. We argue that Parkinson's 'disease', as currently diagnosed in the clinic, is actually a syndrome. It is the outward manifestation of any array of potential dysfunctional biologic processes, neuropathological changes, and disease aetiologies, which culminate in common outward clinical features which we term PD; each person has their own unique disease, which we can now define with increasing precision. This is an exciting time in PD research and clinical care. Our ability to refine the clinical diagnosis of PD, incorporating in-vivo assessments of disease biology, neuropathology, and neurogenetics may well herald the era of biologically-based, precision medicine approaches PD management. With this however comes a number of challenges, including how to integrate these technologies into clinical practice in a way which is acceptable to patients, promotes meaningful changes to care, and minimises health economic impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Mulroy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Roberto Erro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, (SA), Italy
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maayan Eshed G, Alcalay RN. GBA1-and LRRK2-directed Treatments: The Way Forward. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 122:106039. [PMID: 38438297 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify drug targets for disease modification in Parkinson's Disease (PD). In this mini-review we highlight the reasons genetically-defined drug targets show great promise. Specifically, clinical trials targeting the glucocerebrosidase-1 (GBA1) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) genes are underway. Two key knowledge gaps are 1. How should we modify the GBA1 and LRRK2 pathways? and 2. Which patient populations are most likely to benefit? The exact mechanisms by which mutations in these genes cause PD are not fully understood. Most drugs targeting the GBA1 pathway in clinical trials aim at increasing glucocerebrosidase enzymatic (GCase) activity and targeting the LRRK2 pathway, at reducing its kinase activity. Carriers of mutations in these genes are natural candidates for such interventions; however, there are some biomarker data, specifically for GBA1, to support studying such interventions in non-carriers, i.e., sporadic PD. In summary, we anticipate significant progress in our path towards precision medicine in PD in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Maayan Eshed
- Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao L, Yang Y, Yang X, Rezaei MJ. The Interaction Between Nutraceuticals and Gut Microbiota: a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Prevent and Treatment Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04151-2. [PMID: 38587699 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. Emerging research has shed light on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Nutraceuticals such as curcumin, berberine, phytoestrogens, polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol, EGCG, and fisetin), dietary fibers have been shown to influence gut microbiota composition and function, restoring microbial balance and enhancing the gut-brain axis. The mechanisms underlying these benefits involve microbial metabolite production, restoration of gut barrier integrity, and modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Additionally, probiotics and prebiotics have shown potential in promoting gut health, influencing the gut microbiome, and alleviating PD symptoms. They can enhance the gut's antioxidant capacity of the gut, reduce inflammation, and maintain immune homeostasis, contributing to a neuroprotective environment. This paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the potential of nutraceuticals and gut microbiota modulation in the prevention and management of Parkinson's disease, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical trials to validate their effectiveness and safety. The findings suggest that a multifaceted approach involving nutraceuticals and gut microbiota may open new avenues for addressing the challenges of PD and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yao
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
| | - Mohammad J Rezaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Valderhaug VD, Ramstad OH, van de Wijdeven R, Heiney K, Nichele S, Sandvig A, Sandvig I. Micro-and mesoscale aspects of neurodegeneration in engineered human neural networks carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1366098. [PMID: 38644975 PMCID: PMC11026646 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1366098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been widely linked to Parkinson's disease, where the G2019S variant has been shown to contribute uniquely to both familial and sporadic forms of the disease. LRRK2-related mutations have been extensively studied, yet the wide variety of cellular and network events related to these mutations remain poorly understood. The advancement and availability of tools for neural engineering now enable modeling of selected pathological aspects of neurodegenerative disease in human neural networks in vitro. Our study revealed distinct pathology associated dynamics in engineered human cortical neural networks carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation compared to healthy isogenic control neural networks. The neurons carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation self-organized into networks with aberrant morphology and mitochondrial dynamics, affecting emerging structure-function relationships both at the micro-and mesoscale. Taken together, the findings of our study points toward an overall heightened metabolic demand in networks carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation, as well as a resilience to change in response to perturbation, compared to healthy isogenic controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Devold Valderhaug
- Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ola Huse Ramstad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rosanne van de Wijdeven
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Heiney
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stefano Nichele
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Computer Science and Communication, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Head and Neck, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeng Y, Wu T, Liang F, Long S, Guo W, Huang Y, Pei Z. Expression of human Ras-related protein Rab39B variant T168K in Caenorhabditis elegans leads to motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26902. [PMID: 38444482 PMCID: PMC10912484 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Human RAB39B gene is related to familial early-onset Parkinson disease. In early adulthood, men with the RAB39B c.503C > A (Thr168Lys, p. T168K) mutation develop typical tremor, bradykinesia, and alpha-synuclein accumulation. We investigated the pathological mechanism of RAB39B T168K in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. In early adult C. elegans, RAB39B T168K led to dopaminergic neuron degeneration that presented as disrupted dendrites and blunt neuronal cells. Abnormal dopamine secretion was inferred from a decline in motor function and a positive basal slowing phenotype. Dopamine-associated tests confirmed that synthesis and recycling of dopamine were normal. The RAB39B T168K mutation might impair dopamine vesicular transmission from the presynaptic membrane to the synaptic gap in dopaminergic neurons. The release-dependent feedback mechanism in neurotransmitters regulates the balance of receptor activities. Protein-protein interactions network analysis revealed that RAB39B may also function in lysosomal degradation and autophagy. Impaired disposal of misfolded α-synuclein eventually leads to protein aggregation. Thus, like other members of the Rab family, RAB39B may be involved in vesicular transport associated with dopamine secretion and α-synuclein clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tengteng Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyin Liang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simei Long
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kulcsarova K, Skorvanek M, Postuma RB, Berg D. Defining Parkinson's Disease: Past and Future. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024:JPD230411. [PMID: 38489197 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common still relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a long period in which the pathophysiological process is already spreading but cardinal motor symptoms are not present. This review outlines the major developments and milestones in our understanding of PD that have shaped the way we define this disorder. Past criteria and definitions of PD have been based on clinical motor manifestations enabling diagnosis of the disease only in later symptomatic stages. Nevertheless, with advancing knowledge of disease pathophysiology and aim of early disease detection, a major shift of the diagnostic paradigm is being advocated towards a biological definition similar to other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, with the ultimate goal of an earlier, disease course modifying therapy. We summarize the major pillars of this possible approach including in vivo detection of neuronal α-synuclein aggregation, neurodegeneration and genetics and outline their possible application in different contexts of use in the frame of biological PD definition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kulcsarova
- Department of Neurology, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Neurology, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Scientific Park MEDIPARK, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Matej Skorvanek
- Department of Neurology, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Neurology, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rutledge J, Lehallier B, Zarifkar P, Losada PM, Shahid-Besanti M, Western D, Gorijala P, Ryman S, Yutsis M, Deutsch GK, Mormino E, Trelle A, Wagner AD, Kerchner GA, Tian L, Cruchaga C, Henderson VW, Montine TJ, Borghammer P, Wyss-Coray T, Poston KL. Comprehensive proteomics of CSF, plasma, and urine identify DDC and other biomarkers of early Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:52. [PMID: 38467937 PMCID: PMC10927779 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) starts at the molecular and cellular level long before motor symptoms appear, yet there are no early-stage molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis prediction, or monitoring therapeutic response. This lack of biomarkers greatly impedes patient care and translational research-L-DOPA remains the standard of care more than 50 years after its introduction. Here, we performed a large-scale, multi-tissue, and multi-platform proteomics study to identify new biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring in PD. We analyzed 4877 cerebrospinal fluid, blood plasma, and urine samples from participants across seven cohorts using three orthogonal proteomics methods: Olink proximity extension assay, SomaScan aptamer precipitation assay, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomics. We discovered that hundreds of proteins were upregulated in the CSF, blood, or urine of PD patients, prodromal PD patients with DAT deficit and REM sleep behavior disorder or anosmia, and non-manifesting genetic carriers of LRRK2 and GBA mutations. We nominate multiple novel hits across our analyses as promising markers of early PD, including DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), also known as L-aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC), sulfatase-modifying factor 1 (SUMF1), dipeptidyl peptidase 2/7 (DPP7), glutamyl aminopeptidase (ENPEP), WAP four-disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2), and others. DDC, which catalyzes the final step in dopamine synthesis, particularly stands out as a novel hit with a compelling mechanistic link to PD pathogenesis. DDC is consistently upregulated in the CSF and urine of treatment-naïve PD, prodromal PD, and GBA or LRRK2 carrier participants by all three proteomics methods. We show that CSF DDC levels correlate with clinical symptom severity in treatment-naïve PD patients and can be used to accurately diagnose PD and prodromal PD. This suggests that urine and CSF DDC could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker with utility in both clinical care and translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarod Rutledge
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pardis Zarifkar
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Patricia Moran Losada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marian Shahid-Besanti
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dan Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Priyanka Gorijala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sephira Ryman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience, Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Maya Yutsis
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gayle K Deutsch
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Trelle
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Roche Medical, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Höglinger GU, Adler CH, Berg D, Klein C, Outeiro TF, Poewe W, Postuma R, Stoessl AJ, Lang AE. A biological classification of Parkinson's disease: the SynNeurGe research diagnostic criteria. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:191-204. [PMID: 38267191 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
With the hope that disease-modifying treatments could target the molecular basis of Parkinson's disease, even before the onset of symptoms, we propose a biologically based classification. Our classification acknowledges the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease by use of a three-component system (SynNeurGe): presence or absence of pathological α-synuclein (S) in tissues or CSF; evidence of underlying neurodegeneration (N) defined by neuroimaging procedures; and documentation of pathogenic gene variants (G) that cause or strongly predispose to Parkinson's disease. These three components are linked to a clinical component (C), defined either by a single high-specificity clinical feature or by multiple lower-specificity clinical features. The use of a biological classification will enable advances in both basic and clinical research, and move the field closer to the precision medicine required to develop disease-modifying therapies. We emphasise the initial application of these criteria exclusively for research. We acknowledge its ethical implications, its limitations, and the need for prospective validation in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Daniela Berg
- Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lüebeck, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Werner Poewe
- Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Postuma
- Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- University Health Network's Krembil Brain Institute, Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Rossy PSP Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Simuni T, Chahine LM, Poston K, Brumm M, Buracchio T, Campbell M, Chowdhury S, Coffey C, Concha-Marambio L, Dam T, DiBiaso P, Foroud T, Frasier M, Gochanour C, Jennings D, Kieburtz K, Kopil CM, Merchant K, Mollenhauer B, Montine T, Nudelman K, Pagano G, Seibyl J, Sherer T, Singleton A, Stephenson D, Stern M, Soto C, Tanner CM, Tolosa E, Weintraub D, Xiao Y, Siderowf A, Dunn B, Marek K. A biological definition of neuronal α-synuclein disease: towards an integrated staging system for research. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:178-190. [PMID: 38267190 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies are currently defined by their clinical features, with α-synuclein pathology as the gold standard to establish the definitive diagnosis. We propose that, given biomarker advances enabling accurate detection of pathological α-synuclein (ie, misfolded and aggregated) in CSF using the seed amplification assay, it is time to redefine Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies as neuronal α-synuclein disease rather than as clinical syndromes. This major shift from a clinical to a biological definition of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies takes advantage of the availability of tools to assess the gold standard for diagnosis of neuronal α-synuclein (n-αsyn) in human beings during life. Neuronal α-synuclein disease is defined by the presence of pathological n-αsyn species detected in vivo (S; the first biological anchor) regardless of the presence of any specific clinical syndrome. On the basis of this definition, we propose that individuals with pathological n-αsyn aggregates are at risk for dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction (D; the second biological anchor). Our biological definition establishes a staging system, the neuronal α-synuclein disease integrated staging system (NSD-ISS), rooted in the biological anchors (S and D) and the degree of functional impairment caused by clinical signs or symptoms. Stages 0-1 occur without signs or symptoms and are defined by the presence of pathogenic variants in the SNCA gene (stage 0), S alone (stage 1A), or S and D (stage 1B). The presence of clinical manifestations marks the transition to stage 2 and beyond. Stage 2 is characterised by subtle signs or symptoms but without functional impairment. Stages 2B-6 require both S and D and stage-specific increases in functional impairment. A biological definition of neuronal α-synuclein disease and an NSD-ISS research framework are essential to enable interventional trials at early disease stages. The NSD-ISS will evolve to include the incorporation of data-driven definitions of stage-specific functional anchors and additional biomarkers as they emerge and are validated. Presently, the NSD-ISS is intended for research use only; its application in the clinical setting is premature and inappropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Simuni
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Lana M Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Poston
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael Brumm
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Teresa Buracchio
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Campbell
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sohini Chowdhury
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Peter DiBiaso
- Patient Advisory Council, New York, NY, USA; Clinical Solutions and Strategic Partnerships, WCG Clinical, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark Frasier
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Gochanour
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Karl Kieburtz
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine M Kopil
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kalpana Merchant
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen and Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Thomas Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Nudelman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - John Seibyl
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Todd Sherer
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane Stephenson
- Critical Path for Parkinson's, Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew Stern
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- Amprion, San Diego, CA, USA; Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- University of Pennsylvania and the Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuge Xiao
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Billy Dunn
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ratan Y, Rajput A, Pareek A, Pareek A, Jain V, Sonia S, Farooqui Z, Kaur R, Singh G. Advancements in Genetic and Biochemical Insights: Unraveling the Etiopathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 38254673 PMCID: PMC10813470 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide, which is primarily characterized by motor impairments. Even though multiple hypotheses have been proposed over the decades that explain the pathogenesis of PD, presently, there are no cures or promising preventive therapies for PD. This could be attributed to the intricate pathophysiology of PD and the poorly understood molecular mechanism. To address these challenges comprehensively, a thorough disease model is imperative for a nuanced understanding of PD's underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review offers a detailed analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD, with a particular emphasis on the roles played by gene-based factors in the disease's development and progression. This study includes an extensive discussion of the proteins and mutations of primary genes that are linked to PD, including α-synuclein, GBA1, LRRK2, VPS35, PINK1, DJ-1, and Parkin. Further, this review explores plausible mechanisms for DAergic neural loss, non-motor and non-dopaminergic pathologies, and the risk factors associated with PD. The present study will encourage the related research fields to understand better and analyze the current status of the biochemical mechanisms of PD, which might contribute to the design and development of efficacious and safe treatment strategies for PD in future endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sonia Sonia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Zeba Farooqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India;
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Geng L, Gao W, Saiyin H, Li Y, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Liu Z, Gao Q, An P, Jiang N, Yu X, Chen X, Li S, Chen L, Lu B, Li A, Chen G, Shen Y, Zhang H, Tian M, Zhang Z, Li J. MLKL deficiency alleviates neuroinflammation and motor deficits in the α-synuclein transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:94. [PMID: 38041169 PMCID: PMC10693130 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most devastating neurodegenerative brain disorders, is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and deposits of α-synuclein aggregates. Currently, pharmacological interventions for PD remain inadequate. The cell necroptosis executor protein MLKL (Mixed-lineage kinase domain-like) is involved in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its precise role in PD remains unclear. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective role of MLKL inhibition or ablation against primary neuronal cells and human iPSC-derived midbrain organoids induced by toxic α-Synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs). Using a mouse model (Tg-Mlkl-/-) generated by crossbreeding the SNCA A53T synuclein transgenic mice with MLKL knockout (KO)mice, we assessed the impact of MLKL deficiency on the progression of Parkinsonian traits. Our findings demonstrate that Tg-Mlkl-/- mice exhibited a significant improvement in motor symptoms and reduced phosphorylated α-synuclein expression compared to the classic A53T transgenic mice. Furthermore, MLKL deficiency alleviated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuron loss and attenuated neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis of the SN of Tg-Mlkl-/- mice revealed a unique cell type-specific transcriptome profile, including downregulated prostaglandin D synthase (PTGDS) expression, indicating reduced microglial cells and dampened neuron death. Thus, MLKL represents a critical therapeutic target for reducing neuroinflammation and preventing motor deficits in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Insitute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xue Li
- Insitute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zuolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Suhua Li
- Division of Natural Science, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Insitute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Boxun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Aiqun Li
- Levi Regenerative Medicine Technologies, Zhuhai, 519085, China
| | - Guoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yidong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Department of Neurosciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Jixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Daida K, Funayama M, Billingsley KJ, Malik L, Miano-Burkhardt A, Leonard HL, Makarious MB, Iwaki H, Ding J, Gibbs JR, Ishiguro M, Yoshino H, Ogaki K, Oyama G, Nishioka K, Nonaka R, Akamatsu W, Blauwendraat C, Hattori N. Long-Read Sequencing Resolves a Complex Structural Variant in PRKN Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:2249-2257. [PMID: 37926948 PMCID: PMC10843047 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PRKN) mutations are the most common cause of young onset and autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). PRKN is located in FRA6E, which is one of the common fragile sites in the human genome, making this region prone to structural variants. However, complex structural variants such as inversions of PRKN are seldom reported, suggesting that there are potentially unrevealed complex pathogenic PRKN structural variants. OBJECTIVES To identify complex structural variants in PRKN using long-read sequencing. METHODS We investigated the genetic cause of monozygotic twins presenting with a young onset dystonia-parkinsonism using targeted sequencing, whole exome sequencing, multiple ligation probe amplification, and long-read sequencing. We assessed the presence and frequency of complex inversions overlapping PRKN using whole-genome sequencing data of Accelerating Medicines Partnership Parkinson's disease (AMP-PD) and United Kingdom (UK)-Biobank datasets. RESULTS Multiple ligation probe amplification identified a heterozygous exon three deletion in PRKN and long-read sequencing identified a large novel inversion spanning over 7 Mb, including a large part of the coding DNA sequence of PRKN. We could diagnose the affected subjects as compound heterozygous carriers of PRKN. We analyzed whole genome sequencing data of 43,538 participants of the UK-Biobank and 4941 participants of the AMP-PD datasets. Nine inversions in the UK-Biobank and two in AMP PD were identified and were considered potentially damaging and likely to affect PRKN expression. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report describing a large 7 Mb inversion involving breakpoints outside of PRKN. This study highlights the importance of using long-read sequencing for structural variant analysis in unresolved young-onset PD cases. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Daida
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimberley J Billingsley
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laksh Malik
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abigail Miano-Burkhardt
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hampton L. Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mary B. Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK, WC1N 3BG
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK, WC1N 3BG
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics,National Institute on Aging, NIH, PorterNeuroscience ResearchCenter,Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J. Raphael Gibbs
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics,National Institute on Aging, NIH, PorterNeuroscience ResearchCenter,Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mayu Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Yoshino
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genko Oyama
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center 3-3-20 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075
| | - Risa Nonaka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Data of Parkinson’s Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kitada T, Ardah MT, Haque ME. History of Parkinson's Disease-Associated Gene, Parkin: Research over a Quarter Century in Quest of Finding the Physiological Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16734. [PMID: 38069057 PMCID: PMC10706564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkin, the gene responsible for hereditary Parkinson's disease (PD) called "Autosomal Recessive Juvenile Parkinsonism (AR-JP)" was discovered a quarter of a century ago. Owing to its huge gene structure and unique protein functions, parkin has become a subject of interest to those involved in PD research and researchers and clinicians in various fields and is being vigorously studied worldwide in relation to its nature and disease. The gene structure was registered under the gene name "parkin" in the GenBank in 1997. In 1998, deletion and point mutations in the parkin gene were reported, thereby demonstrating parkin is the causative gene for hereditary PD. Although 25 years have passed since the gene's discovery and many researchers have worked tirelessly to elucidate the function of the Parkin protein and the mechanism of its role against neuronal cell death and pathogenesis remain unknown, which raises a major question concerning the current leading hypothesis. In this review, we present the results of related research on the parkin gene in chronological order and discuss unresolved problems concerning its function and pathology as well as new trends in the research conducted to solve them. The relationship between parkin and tumorigenesis has also been addressed from the perspective of Parkin's redox molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Kitada
- Otawa-Kagaku, Parkinson Clinic and Research, Kamakura 247-0061, Japan;
| | - Mustafa T. Ardah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - M. Emdadul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Henrich MT, Oertel WH, Surmeier DJ, Geibl FF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease - a key disease hallmark with therapeutic potential. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:83. [PMID: 37951933 PMCID: PMC10640762 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly implicated in the etiology of idiopathic and genetic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, strategies aimed at ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidants, antidiabetic drugs, and iron chelators, have failed in disease-modification clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the cellular determinants of mitochondrial dysfunction, including impairment of electron transport chain complex 1, increased oxidative stress, disturbed mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, and cellular bioenergetic deficiency. In addition, we outline mitochondrial pathways to neurodegeneration in the current context of PD pathogenesis, and review past and current treatment strategies in an attempt to better understand why translational efforts thus far have been unsuccessful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Henrich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, 35039, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fanni F Geibl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dues DJ, Ma Y, Nguyen APT, Offerman AV, Beddows I, Moore DJ. Formation of templated inclusions in a forebrain α-synuclein mouse model is independent of LRRK2. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106338. [PMID: 38435455 PMCID: PMC10906965 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and α-synuclein share enigmatic roles in the pathobiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 mutations are a common genetic cause of PD which, in addition to neurodegeneration, often present with abnormal deposits of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy-related pathology. As Lewy-related pathology is a prominent neuropathologic finding in sporadic PD, the relationship between LRRK2 and α-synuclein has garnered considerable interest. However, whether and how LRRK2 might influence the accumulation of Lewy-related pathology remains poorly understood. Through stereotactic injection of mouse α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFF), we modeled the spread of Lewy-related pathology within forebrain regions where LRRK2 is most highly expressed. The impact of LRRK2 genotype on the formation of α-synuclein inclusions was evaluated at 1-month post-injection. Neither deletion of LRRK2 nor G2019S LRRK2 knockin appreciably altered the burden of α-synuclein pathology at this early timepoint. These observations fail to provide support for a robust pathophysiologic interaction between LRRK2 and α-synuclein in the forebrain in vivo. There was, however, a modest reduction in microglial activation induced by PFF delivery in the hippocampus of LRRK2 knockout mice, suggesting that LRRK2 may contribute to α-synuclein-induced neuroinflammation. Collectively, our data indicate that the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein in the mouse forebrain is largely independent of LRRK2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Dues
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - An Phu Tran Nguyen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Alina V. Offerman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ian Beddows
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Darren J. Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
De Marchi F, Munitic I, Vidatic L, Papić E, Rački V, Nimac J, Jurak I, Novotni G, Rogelj B, Vuletic V, Liscic RM, Cannon JR, Buratti E, Mazzini L, Hecimovic S. Overlapping Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2793. [PMID: 37893165 PMCID: PMC10604382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many potential immune therapeutic targets are similarly affected in adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's (AD) disease, Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as in a seemingly distinct Niemann-Pick type C disease with primarily juvenile onset. This strongly argues for an overlap in pathogenic mechanisms. The commonly researched immune targets include various immune cell subsets, such as microglia, peripheral macrophages, and regulatory T cells (Tregs); the complement system; and other soluble factors. In this review, we compare these neurodegenerative diseases from a clinical point of view and highlight common pathways and mechanisms of protein aggregation, neurodegeneration, and/or neuroinflammation that could potentially lead to shared treatment strategies for overlapping immune dysfunctions in these diseases. These approaches include but are not limited to immunisation, complement cascade blockade, microbiome regulation, inhibition of signal transduction, Treg boosting, and stem cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Ivana Munitic
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Lea Vidatic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Eliša Papić
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (E.P.); (V.R.); (V.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Valentino Rački
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (E.P.); (V.R.); (V.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jerneja Nimac
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.N.); (B.R.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Jurak
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Gabriela Novotni
- Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University Clinic of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 91701 Skoplje, North Macedonia;
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.N.); (B.R.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimira Vuletic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (E.P.); (V.R.); (V.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Rajka M. Liscic
- Department of Neurology, Sachsenklinik GmbH, Muldentalweg 1, 04828 Bennewitz, Germany;
| | - Jason R. Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yuan C, He Y, Xie K, Feng L, Gao S, Cai L. Review of microbiota gut brain axis and innate immunity in inflammatory and infective diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1282431. [PMID: 37868345 PMCID: PMC10585369 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota gut brain (MGB) axis has been shown to play a significant role in the regulation of inflammatory and infective diseases. Exploring the structure and communication mode of MGB axis is crucial for understanding its role in diseases, and studying the signaling pathways and regulatory methods of MGB axis regulation in diseases is also of profound significance for future clinical research. This article reviews the composition, communication mechanism of MGB axis and its role in inflammatory and infective diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, psoriasis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In addition, our investigation delved into the regulatory functions of the inflammasome, IFN-I, NF-κB, and PARK7/DJ-1 innate immune signaling pathway in the context of inflammatory and infective diseases. Ultimately, we discussed the efficacy of various interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, in the management of inflammatory and infective diseases. Understanding the role and mechanism of the MGB axis might make positive effects in the treatment of inflammatory and infective diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kunyu Xie
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lianjun Feng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shouyang Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lifu Cai
- Department of Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Daida K, Funayama M, Billingsley KJ, Malik L, Miano-Burkhardt A, Leonard HL, Makarious MB, Iwaki H, Ding J, Gibbs JR, Ishiguro M, Yoshino H, Ogaki K, Oyama G, Nishioka K, Nonaka R, Akamatsu W, Blauwendraat C, Hattori N. Long-read sequencing resolves a complex structural variant in PRKN Parkinson's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.14.23293948. [PMID: 37790330 PMCID: PMC10543050 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.23293948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background PRKN mutations are the most common cause of young onset and autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). PRKN is located in FRA6E which is one of the common fragile sites in the human genome, making this region prone to structural variants. However, complex structural variants such as inversions of PRKN are seldom reported, suggesting that there are potentially unrevealed complex pathogenic PRKN structural variants. Objectives To identify complex structural variants in PRKN using long-read sequencing. Methods We investigated the genetic cause of monozygotic twins presenting with a young onset dystonia-parkinsonism using targeted sequencing, whole exome sequencing, multiple ligation probe amplification, and long-read. We assessed the presence and frequency of complex inversions overlapping PRKN using whole-genome sequencing data of AMP-PD and UK-Biobank datasets. Results Multiple ligation probe amplification identified a heterozygous exon 3 deletion in PRKN and long-read sequencing identified a large novel inversion spanning over 7Mb, including a large part of the coding DNA sequence of PRKN. We could diagnose the affected subjects as compound heterozygous carriers of PRKN. We analyzed whole genome sequencing data of 43,538 participants of the UK-Biobank and 4,941 participants of the AMP-PD datasets. Nine inversions in the UK-Biobank and two in AMP PD were identified and were considered potentially damaging and likely to affect PRKN isoforms. Conclusions This is the first report describing a large 7Mb inversion involving breakpoints outside of PRKN. This study highlights the importance of using long-read whole genome sequencing for structural variant analysis in unresolved young-onset PD cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Daida
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimberley J Billingsley
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laksh Malik
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abigail Miano-Burkhardt
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hampton L. Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tubingen, Germany
| | - Mary B. Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK, WC1N 3BG
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK, WC1N 3BG
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- BiocomputationalGroup, Laboratory of Neurogenetics,National Institute on Aging, NIH, PorterNeuroscience ResearchCenter,Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J. Raphael Gibbs
- BiocomputationalGroup, Laboratory of Neurogenetics,National Institute on Aging, NIH, PorterNeuroscience ResearchCenter,Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mayu Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Yoshino
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genko Oyama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Nonaka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Data of Parkinson’s Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dues DJ, Ma Y, Nguyen APT, Offerman AV, Beddows I, Moore DJ. Formation of templated inclusions in a forebrain α-synuclein mouse model is independent of LRRK2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.19.553965. [PMID: 37645723 PMCID: PMC10462117 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.19.553965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and α-synuclein share enigmatic roles in the pathobiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 mutations are a common genetic cause of PD which, in addition to neurodegeneration, often present with abnormal deposits of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy-related pathology. As Lewy-related pathology is a prominent neuropathologic finding in sporadic PD, the relationship between LRRK2 and α-synuclein has garnered considerable interest. However, whether and how LRRK2 might influence the accumulation of Lewy-related pathology remains poorly understood. Through stereotactic injection of mouse α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFF), we modeled the spread of Lewy-related pathology within forebrain regions where LRRK2 is most highly expressed. The impact of LRRK2 genotype on the formation of α-synuclein inclusions was evaluated at 1-month post-injection. Neither deletion of LRRK2 nor G2019S LRRK2 knockin appreciably altered the burden of α-synuclein pathology at this early timepoint. These observations fail to provide support for a robust pathophysiologic interaction between LRRK2 and α-synuclein in the forebrain in vivo. There was, however, a modest reduction in microglial activation induced by PFF delivery in the hippocampus of LRRK2 knockout mice, suggesting that LRRK2 may contribute to α-synuclein-induced neuroinflammation. Collectively, our data indicate that the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein in the mouse forebrain is largely independent of LRRK2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Dues
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - An Phu Tran Nguyen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Alina V. Offerman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Ian Beddows
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Darren J. Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lamberty BG, Estrella LD, Mattingly JE, Emanuel K, Trease A, Totusek S, Sheldon L, George JW, Almikhlafi MA, Farmer T, Stauch KL. Parkinson's disease relevant pathological features are manifested in male Pink1/Parkin deficient rats. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 31:100656. [PMID: 37484197 PMCID: PMC10362548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal disease models are important for neuroscience experimentation and in the study of neurodegenerative disorders. The major neurodegenerative disorder leading to motor impairments is Parkinson's disease (PD). The identification of hereditary forms of PD uncovered gene mutations and variants, such as loss-of-function mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, two proteins involved in mitochondrial quality control, that could be harnessed to create animal models. However, to date, such models have not reproducibly recapitulated major aspects of the disease. Here, we describe the generation and phenotypic characterization of a combined Pink1/Parkin double knockout (dKO) rat, which reproducibly exhibits PD-relevant abnormalities, particularly in male animals. Motor dysfunction in Pink1/Parkin dKO rats was characterized by gait abnormalities and decreased rearing frequency, the latter of which was responsive to levodopa treatment. Pink1/Parkin dKO rats exhibited elevated plasma levels of neurofilament light chain and significant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Glial cell activation was also observed in the SNpc. Pink1/Parkin dKO rats showed elevated plasma and reduced cerebrospinal levels of alpha-synuclein as well as the presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the striatum. Further, the profile of circulating lymphocytes was altered, as elevated CD3+CD4+ T cells and reduced CD3+CD8+ T cells in Pink1/Parkin dKO rats were found. This coincided with mitochondrial dysfunction and infiltration of CD3+ T cells in the striatum. Altogether, the Pink1/Parkin dKO rats exhibited phenotypes similar to what is seen with PD patients, thus highlighting the suitability of this model for mechanistic studies of the role of Pink1 and Parkin in PD pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly L. Stauch
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dovonou A, Bolduc C, Soto Linan V, Gora C, Peralta Iii MR, Lévesque M. Animal models of Parkinson's disease: bridging the gap between disease hallmarks and research questions. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:36. [PMID: 37468944 PMCID: PMC10354932 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. More than 200 years after its first clinical description, PD remains a serious affliction that affects a growing proportion of the population. Prevailing treatments only alleviate symptoms; there is still neither a cure that targets the neurodegenerative processes nor therapies that modify the course of the disease. Over the past decades, several animal models have been developed to study PD. Although no model precisely recapitulates the pathology, they still provide valuable information that contributes to our understanding of the disease and the limitations of our treatment options. This review comprehensively summarizes the different animal models available for Parkinson's research, with a focus on those induced by drugs, neurotoxins, pesticides, genetic alterations, α-synuclein inoculation, and viral vector injections. We highlight their characteristics and ability to reproduce PD-like phenotypes. It is essential to realize that the strengths and weaknesses of each model and the induction technique at our disposal are determined by the research question being asked. Our review, therefore, seeks to better aid researchers by ensuring a concrete discernment of classical and novel animal models in PD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Dovonou
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Cyril Bolduc
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Victoria Soto Linan
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Charles Gora
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Modesto R Peralta Iii
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Martin Lévesque
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Montagnani M, Bottalico L, Potenza MA, Charitos IA, Topi S, Colella M, Santacroce L. The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10322. [PMID: 37373470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding changes in the gut microbiota. Although the composition/function of the intestinal microbiota appears to affect the central nervous system (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence that clearly explains the connection between the CNS pathology and the intestinal dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a separate branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the largest part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is composed of a vast and complex network of neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators and neurotransmitters, like those found in the CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections to both the PNS and ANS, the ENS is also capable of some independent activities. This concept, together with the suggested role played by intestinal microorganisms and the metabolome in the onset and progression of CNS neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) and psychopathological (depression, anxiety disorders, autism) diseases, explains the large number of investigations exploring the functional role and the physiopathological implications of the gut microbiota/brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montagnani
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Maria Assunta Potenza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Division, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Research Institutes (IRCCS), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Düchs M, Blazevic D, Rechtsteiner P, Kenny C, Lamla T, Low S, Savistchenko J, Neumann M, Melki R, Schönberger T, Stierstorfer B, Wyatt D, Igney F, Ciossek T. AAV-mediated expression of a new conformational anti-aggregated α-synuclein antibody prolongs survival in a genetic model of α-synucleinopathies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 37322068 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion-like transmission of pathology in α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy is increasingly recognized as one potential mechanism to address disease progression. Active and passive immunotherapies targeting insoluble, aggregated α-synuclein are already being actively explored in the clinic with mixed outcomes so far. Here, we report the identification of 306C7B3, a highly selective, aggregate-specific α-synuclein antibody with picomolar affinity devoid of binding to the monomeric, physiologic protein. 306C7B3 binding is Ser129-phosphorylation independent and shows high affinity to several different aggregated α-synuclein polymorphs, increasing the likelihood that it can also bind to the pathological seeds assumed to drive disease progression in patients. In support of this, highly selective binding to pathological aggregates in postmortem brains of MSA patients was demonstrated, with no staining in samples from other human neurodegenerative diseases. To achieve CNS exposure of 306C7B3, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) based approach driving expression of the secreted antibody within the brain of (Thy-1)-[A30P]-hα-synuclein mice was used. Widespread central transduction after intrastriatal inoculation was ensured by using the AAV2HBKO serotype, with transduction being spread to areas far away from the inoculation site. Treatment of (Thy-1)-[A30P]-hα-synuclein mice at the age of 12 months demonstrated significantly increased survival, with 306C7B3 concentration reaching 3.9 nM in the cerebrospinal fluid. These results suggest that AAV-mediated expression of 306C7B3, targeting extracellular, presumably disease-propagating aggregates of α-synuclein, has great potential as a disease-modifying therapy for α-synucleinopathies as it ensures CNS exposure of the antibody, thereby mitigating the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Düchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dragica Blazevic
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | | | - Thorsten Lamla
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sarah Low
- Boehringer Ingelheim USA, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Manuela Neumann
- Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Tanja Schönberger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - David Wyatt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frederik Igney
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Thomas Ciossek
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Banerjee R, Raj A, Potdar C, Kumar Pal P, Yadav R, Kamble N, Holla V, Datta I. Astrocytes Differentiated from LRRK2-I1371V Parkinson's-Disease-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Exhibit Similar Yield but Cell-Intrinsic Dysfunction in Glutamate Uptake and Metabolism, ATP Generation, and Nrf2-Mediated Glutathione Machinery. Cells 2023; 12:1592. [PMID: 37371062 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the presence of multiple enzymatic domains, LRRK2 has been associated with a diverse set of cellular functions and signaling pathways. It also has several pathological mutant-variants, and their incidences show ethnicity biases and drug-response differences with expression in dopaminergic-neurons and astrocytes. Here, we aimed to assess the cell-intrinsic effect of the LRRK2-I1371V mutant variant, prevalent in East Asian populations, on astrocyte yield and biology, involving Nrf2-mediated glutathione machinery, glutamate uptake and metabolism, and ATP generation in astrocytes derived from LRRK2-I1371V PD patient iPSCs and independently confirmed in LRRK2-I1371V-overexpressed U87 cells. Astrocyte yield (GFAP-immunopositive) was comparable between LRRK2-I1371V and healthy control (HC) populations; however, the astrocytic capability to mitigate oxidative stress in terms of glutathione content was significantly reduced in the mutant astrocytes, along with a reduction in the gene expression of the enzymes involved in glutathione machinery and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. Simultaneously, a significant decrease in glutamate uptake was observed in LRRK2-I1371V astrocytes, with lower gene expression of glutamate transporters SLC1A2 and SLC1A3. The reduction in the protein expression of SLC1A2 was also directly confirmed. Enzymes catalyzing the generation of γ glutamyl cysteine (precursor of glutathione) from glutamate and the metabolism of glutamate to enter the Krebs cycle (α-ketoglutaric acid) were impaired, with significantly lower ATP generation in LRRK2-I1371V astrocytes. De novo glutamine synthesis via the conversion of glutamate to glutamine was also affected, indicating glutamate metabolism disorder. Our data demonstrate for the first time that the mutation in the LRRK2-I1371V allele causes significant astrocytic dysfunction with respect to Nrf2-mediated antioxidant machinery, AT -generation, and glutamate metabolism, even with comparable astrocyte yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roon Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Aishwarya Raj
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrakanta Potdar
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gasser T. Genetic testing for Parkinson's disease in clinical practice. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:777-782. [PMID: 36929227 PMCID: PMC10199829 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The identification of disease-causing mutations or strong risk factors for Parkinson's disease in genes encoding proteins such as α-synuclein (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2), or glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) has led to a better understanding of the different components of disease pathogenesis. Many gene and mutation-specific targeted disease-modifying treatments are under development and several studies are under way. It is, therefore, important to raise awareness among patients and their families and to offer genetic testing, at least to those patients who are considering to participate in innovative trials.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sosero YL, Gan‐Or Z. LRRK2 and Parkinson's disease: from genetics to targeted therapy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:850-864. [PMID: 37021623 PMCID: PMC10270275 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
LRRK2 variants are implicated in both familial and sporadic PD. LRRK2-PD has a generally benign clinical presentation and variable pathology, with inconsistent presence of Lewy bodies and marked Alzheimer's disease pathology. The mechanisms underlying LRRK2-PD are still unclear, but inflammation, vesicle trafficking, lysosomal homeostasis, and ciliogenesis have been suggested, among others. As novel therapies targeting LRRK2 are under development, understanding the role and function of LRRK2 in PD is becoming increasingly important. Here, we outline the epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical features of LRRK2-PD, and discuss the arising therapeutic approaches targeting LRRK2 and possible future directions for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L. Sosero
- Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 1A1Canada
- Department of Human GeneticsMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 1A1Canada
| | - Ziv Gan‐Or
- Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 1A1Canada
- Department of Human GeneticsMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 1A1Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 0G4Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Okuzumi A, Hatano T, Matsumoto G, Nojiri S, Ueno SI, Imamichi-Tatano Y, Kimura H, Kakuta S, Kondo A, Fukuhara T, Li Y, Funayama M, Saiki S, Taniguchi D, Tsunemi T, McIntyre D, Gérardy JJ, Mittelbronn M, Kruger R, Uchiyama Y, Nukina N, Hattori N. Propagative α-synuclein seeds as serum biomarkers for synucleinopathies. Nat Med 2023; 29:1448-1455. [PMID: 37248302 PMCID: PMC10287557 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal α-synuclein aggregation is a key pathological feature of a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The pathogenic β-sheet seed conformation of α-synuclein is found in various tissues, suggesting potential as a biomarker, but few studies have been able to reliably detect these seeds in serum samples. In this study, we developed a modified assay system, called immunoprecipitation-based real-time quaking-induced conversion (IP/RT-QuIC), which enables the detection of pathogenic α-synuclein seeds in the serum of individuals with synucleinopathies. In our internal first and second cohorts, IP/RT-QuIC showed high diagnostic performance for differentiating PD versus controls (area under the curve (AUC): 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-0.99)/AUC: 0.93 (95% CI 0.84-1.00)) and MSA versus controls (AUC: 0.64 (95% CI 0.49-0.79)/AUC: 0.73 (95% CI 0.49-0.98)). IP/RT-QuIC also showed high diagnostic performance in differentiating individuals with PD (AUC: 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-0.99)) and MSA (AUC: 0.80 (95% CI 0.65-0.97)) from controls in a blinded external cohort. Notably, amplified seeds maintained disease-specific properties, allowing the differentiation of samples from individuals with PD versus MSA. In summary, here we present a novel platform that may allow the detection of individuals with synucleinopathies using serum samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Okuzumi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Matsumoto
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Haruka Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuhara
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaboration Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Tsunemi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Deborah McIntyre
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Jacques Gérardy
- Luxembourg National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS); Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH); Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) and Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS); Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH); Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) and Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Kruger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL); Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nukina
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaboration Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Matar E, Bhatia K. Dystonia and Parkinson's disease: Do they have a shared biology? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 169:347-411. [PMID: 37482398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinsonism and dystonia co-occur across many movement disorders and are most encountered in the setting of Parkinson's disease. Here we aim to explore the shared neurobiological underpinnings of dystonia and parkinsonism through the clinical lens of the conditions in which these movement disorders can be seen together. Foregrounding the discussion, we briefly review the circuits of the motor system and the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological aspects of motor control and highlight their relevance to the proposed pathophysiology of parkinsonism and dystonia. Insight into shared biology is then sought from dystonia occurring in PD and other forms of parkinsonism including those disorders in which both can be co-expressed simultaneously. We organize these within a biological schema along with important questions to be addressed in this space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elie Matar
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kailash Bhatia
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Senevirathne DKL, Mahboob A, Zhai K, Paul P, Kammen A, Lee DJ, Yousef MS, Chaari A. Deep Brain Stimulation beyond the Clinic: Navigating the Future of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1478. [PMID: 37296599 PMCID: PMC10252401 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that uses electrical neuromodulation to target specific regions of the brain, showing potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite similarities in disease pathology, DBS is currently only approved for use in PD patients, with limited literature on its effectiveness in AD. While DBS has shown promise in ameliorating brain circuits in PD, further research is needed to determine the optimal parameters for DBS and address any potential side effects. This review emphasizes the need for foundational and clinical research on DBS in different brain regions to treat AD and recommends the development of a classification system for adverse effects. Furthermore, this review suggests the use of either a low-frequency system (LFS) or high-frequency system (HFS) depending on the specific symptoms of the patient for both PD and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anns Mahboob
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Pradipta Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Alexandra Kammen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Darrin Jason Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mohammad S. Yousef
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Brembati V, Faustini G, Longhena F, Bellucci A. Alpha synuclein post translational modifications: potential targets for Parkinson's disease therapy? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1197853. [PMID: 37305556 PMCID: PMC10248004 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1197853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms. The neuropathological alterations characterizing the brain of patients with PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system and the presence of Lewy bodies (LB), intraneuronal inclusions that are mainly composed of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils. The accumulation of α-Syn in insoluble aggregates is a main neuropathological feature in PD and in other neurodegenerative diseases, including LB dementia (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which are therefore defined as synucleinopathies. Compelling evidence supports that α-Syn post translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, nitration, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, glycation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination and C-terminal cleavage, play important roles in the modulation α-Syn aggregation, solubility, turnover and membrane binding. In particular, PTMs can impact on α-Syn conformational state, thus supporting that their modulation can in turn affect α-Syn aggregation and its ability to seed further soluble α-Syn fibrillation. This review focuses on the importance of α-Syn PTMs in PD pathophysiology but also aims at highlighting their general relevance as possible biomarkers and, more importantly, as innovative therapeutic targets for synucleinopathies. In addition, we call attention to the multiple challenges that we still need to face to enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches modulating α-Syn PTMs.
Collapse
|
40
|
Koeglsperger T, Rumpf SL, Schließer P, Struebing FL, Brendel M, Levin J, Trenkwalder C, Höglinger GU, Herms J. Neuropathology of incidental Lewy body & prodromal Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:32. [PMID: 37173733 PMCID: PMC10182593 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with a loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Despite symptomatic therapies, there is currently no disease-modifying treatment to halt neuronal loss in PD. A major hurdle for developing and testing such curative therapies results from the fact that most DA neurons are already lost at the time of the clinical diagnosis, rendering them inaccessible to therapy. Understanding the early pathological changes that precede Lewy body pathology (LBP) and cell loss in PD will likely support the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and help to differentiate LBP-dependent and -independent alterations. Several previous studies identified such specific molecular and cellular changes that occur prior to the appearance of Lewy bodies (LBs) in DA neurons, but a concise map of such early disease events is currently missing. METHODS Here, we conducted a literature review to identify and discuss the results of previous studies that investigated cases with incidental Lewy body disease (iLBD), a presumed pathological precursor of PD. RESULTS Collectively, our review demonstrates numerous cellular and molecular neuropathological changes occurring prior to the appearance of LBs in DA neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our review provides the reader with a summary of early pathological events in PD that may support the identification of novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets and aid to the development of disease-modifying strategies in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koeglsperger
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Translational Brain Research, DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Svenja-Lotta Rumpf
- Department of Translational Brain Research, DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia Schließer
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix L Struebing
- Department of Translational Brain Research, DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Neuropathology and Prion Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Translational Brain Research, DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Study Unit, DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Department of Translational Brain Research, DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Neuropathology and Prion Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Outeiro TF, Alcalay RN, Antonini A, Attems J, Bonifati V, Cardoso F, Chesselet MF, Hardy J, Madeo G, McKeith I, Mollenhauer B, Moore DJ, Rascol O, Schlossmacher MG, Soreq H, Stefanis L, Ferreira JJ. Defining the Riddle in Order to Solve It: There Is More Than One "Parkinson's Disease". Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 37156737 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 200 years after James Parkinsondescribed a clinical syndrome based on his astute observations, Parkinson's disease (PD) has evolved into a complex entity, akin to the heterogeneity of other complex human syndromes of the central nervous system such as dementia, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. Clinicians, pathologists, and basic science researchers evolved arrange of concepts andcriteria for the clinical, genetic, mechanistic, and neuropathological characterization of what, in their best judgment, constitutes PD. However, these specialists have generated and used criteria that are not necessarily aligned between their different operational definitions, which may hinder progress in solving the riddle of the distinct forms of PD and ultimately how to treat them. OBJECTIVE This task force has identified current in consistencies between the definitions of PD and its diverse variants in different domains: clinical criteria, neuropathological classification, genetic subtyping, biomarker signatures, and mechanisms of disease. This initial effort for "defining the riddle" will lay the foundation for future attempts to better define the range of PD and its variants, as has been done and implemented for other heterogeneous neurological syndromes, such as stroke and peripheral neuropathy. We strongly advocate for a more systematic and evidence-based integration of our diverse disciplines by looking at well-defined variants of the syndrome of PD. CONCLUSION Accuracy in defining endophenotypes of "typical PD" across these different but interrelated disciplines will enable better definition of variants and their stratification in therapeutic trials, a prerequisite for breakthroughs in the era of precision medicine. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Ian McKeith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Darren J Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Department of Neurosciences, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Parkinson Toulouse Expert Centre, NS-Park/FCRIN Network and Neuro Toul COEN Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- Program in Neuroscience and Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CNS-Campus Neurológico, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Siderowf A, Concha-Marambio L, Lafontant DE, Farris CM, Ma Y, Urenia PA, Nguyen H, Alcalay RN, Chahine LM, Foroud T, Galasko D, Kieburtz K, Merchant K, Mollenhauer B, Poston KL, Seibyl J, Simuni T, Tanner CM, Weintraub D, Videnovic A, Choi SH, Kurth R, Caspell-Garcia C, Coffey CS, Frasier M, Oliveira LMA, Hutten SJ, Sherer T, Marek K, Soto C. Assessment of heterogeneity among participants in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort using α-synuclein seed amplification: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:407-417. [PMID: 37059509 PMCID: PMC10627170 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence shows that α-synuclein seed amplification assays (SAAs) have the potential to differentiate people with Parkinson's disease from healthy controls. We used the well characterised, multicentre Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort to further assess the diagnostic performance of the α-synuclein SAA and to examine whether the assay identifies heterogeneity among patients and enables the early identification of at-risk groups. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis is based on assessments done at enrolment for PPMI participants (including people with sporadic Parkinson's disease from LRRK2 and GBA variants, healthy controls, prodromal individuals with either rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) or hyposmia, and non-manifesting carriers of LRRK2 and GBA variants) from 33 participating academic neurology outpatient practices worldwide (in Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, the UK, and the USA). α-synuclein SAA analysis of CSF was performed using previously described methods. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the α-synuclein SAA in participants with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls, including subgroups based on genetic and clinical features. We established the frequency of positive α-synuclein SAA results in prodromal participants (RBD and hyposmia) and non-manifesting carriers of genetic variants associated with Parkinson's disease, and compared α-synuclein SAA to clinical measures and other biomarkers. We used odds ratio estimates with 95% CIs to measure the association between α-synuclein SAA status and categorical measures, and two-sample 95% CIs from the resampling method to assess differences in medians between α-synuclein SAA positive and negative participants for continuous measures. A linear regression model was used to control for potential confounders such as age and sex. FINDINGS This analysis included 1123 participants who were enrolled between July 7, 2010, and July 4, 2019. Of these, 545 had Parkinson's disease, 163 were healthy controls, 54 were participants with scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit, 51 were prodromal participants, and 310 were non-manifesting carriers. Sensitivity for Parkinson's disease was 87·7% (95% CI 84·9-90·5), and specificity for healthy controls was 96·3% (93·4-99·2). The sensitivity of the α-synuclein SAA in sporadic Parkinson's disease with the typical olfactory deficit was 98·6% (96·4-99·4). The proportion of positive α-synuclein SAA was lower than this figure in subgroups including LRRK2 Parkinson's disease (67·5% [59·2-75·8]) and participants with sporadic Parkinson's disease without olfactory deficit (78·3% [69·8-86·7]). Participants with LRRK2 variant and normal olfaction had an even lower α-synuclein SAA positivity rate (34·7% [21·4-48·0]). Among prodromal and at-risk groups, 44 (86%) of 51 of participants with RBD or hyposmia had positive α-synuclein SAA (16 of 18 with hyposmia, and 28 of 33 with RBD). 25 (8%) of 310 non-manifesting carriers (14 of 159 [9%] LRRK2 and 11 of 151 [7%] GBA) were positive. INTERPRETATION This study represents the largest analysis so far of the α-synuclein SAA for the biochemical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Our results show that the assay classifies people with Parkinson's disease with high sensitivity and specificity, provides information about molecular heterogeneity, and detects prodromal individuals before diagnosis. These findings suggest a crucial role for the α-synuclein SAA in therapeutic development, both to identify pathologically defined subgroups of people with Parkinson's disease and to establish biomarker-defined at-risk cohorts. FUNDING PPMI is funded by the Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research and funding partners, including: Abbvie, AcureX, Aligning Science Across Parkinson's, Amathus Therapeutics, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Bial Biotech, Biohaven, Biogen, BioLegend, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Calico Labs, Celgene, Cerevel, Coave, DaCapo Brainscience, 4D Pharma, Denali, Edmond J Safra Foundation, Eli Lilly, GE Healthcare, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Golub Capital, Insitro, Janssen Neuroscience, Lundbeck, Merck, Meso Scale Discovery, Neurocrine Biosciences, Prevail Therapeutics, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Servier, Takeda, Teva, UCB, VanquaBio, Verily, Voyager Therapeutics, and Yumanity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - David-Erick Lafontant
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carly M Farris
- Research and Development Unit, Amprion, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yihua Ma
- Research and Development Unit, Amprion, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paula A Urenia
- Research and Development Unit, Amprion, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Research and Development Unit, Amprion, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lana M Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karl Kieburtz
- University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kalpana Merchant
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Kassel, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Seibyl
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tanya Simuni
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aleksandar Videnovic
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ryan Kurth
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chelsea Caspell-Garcia
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christopher S Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark Frasier
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis M A Oliveira
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha J Hutten
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd Sherer
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- Research and Development Unit, Amprion, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Riederer P, Nagatsu T, Youdim MBH, Wulf M, Dijkstra JM, Sian-Huelsmann J. Lewy bodies, iron, inflammation and neuromelanin: pathological aspects underlying Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:627-646. [PMID: 37062012 PMCID: PMC10121516 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the description of some peculiar symptoms by James Parkinson in 1817, attempts have been made to define its cause or at least to enlighten the pathology of "Parkinson's disease (PD)." The vast majority of PD subtypes and most cases of sporadic PD share Lewy bodies (LBs) as a characteristic pathological hallmark. However, the processes underlying LBs generation and its causal triggers are still unknown. ɑ-Synuclein (ɑ-syn, encoded by the SNCA gene) is a major component of LBs, and SNCA missense mutations or duplications/triplications are causal for rare hereditary forms of PD. Thus, it is imperative to study ɑ-syn protein and its pathology, including oligomerization, fibril formation, aggregation, and spreading mechanisms. Furthermore, there are synergistic effects in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of PD, and multiple factors-contributing with different ratios-appear to be causal pathological triggers and progression factors. For example, oxidative stress, reduced antioxidative capacity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and proteasomal disturbances have each been suggested to be causal for ɑ-syn fibril formation and aggregation and to contribute to neuroinflammation and neural cell death. Aging is also a major risk factor for PD. Iron, as well as neuromelanin (NM), show age-dependent increases, and iron is significantly increased in the Parkinsonian substantia nigra (SN). Iron-induced pathological mechanisms include changes of the molecular structure of ɑ-syn. However, more recent PD research demonstrates that (i) LBs are detected not only in dopaminergic neurons and glia but in various neurotransmitter systems, (ii) sympathetic nerve fibres degenerate first, and (iii) at least in "brain-first" cases dopaminergic deficiency is evident before pathology induced by iron and NM. These recent findings support that the ɑ-syn/LBs pathology as well as iron- and NM-induced pathology in "brain-first" cases are important facts of PD pathology and via their interaction potentiate the disease process in the SN. As such, multifactorial toxic processes posted on a personal genetic risk are assumed to be causal for the neurodegenerative processes underlying PD. Differences in ratios of multiple factors and their spatiotemporal development, and the fact that common triggers of PD are hard to identify, imply the existence of several phenotypical subtypes, which is supported by arguments from both the "bottom-up/dual-hit" and "brain-first" models. Therapeutic strategies are necessary to avoid single initiation triggers leading to PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Riederer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, J.B. Winslows Vey 18, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Toshiharu Nagatsu
- Center for Research Promotion and Support, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | | | - Max Wulf
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Radford RAW, Rayner SL, Szwaja P, Morsch M, Cheng F, Zhu T, Widagdo J, Anggono V, Pountney DL, Chung R, Lee A. Identification of phosphorylated tau protein interactors in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) reveals networks involved in protein degradation, stress response, cytoskeletal dynamics, metabolic processes, and neurotransmission. J Neurochem 2023; 165:563-586. [PMID: 36847488 PMCID: PMC10953353 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease defined pathologically by the presence of insoluble phosphorylated-Tau (p-Tau) in neurons and glia. Identifying co-aggregating proteins within p-Tau inclusions may reveal important insights into processes affected by the aggregation of Tau. We used a proteomic approach, which combines antibody-mediated biotinylation and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify proteins proximal to p-Tau in PSP. Using this proof-of-concept workflow for identifying interacting proteins of interest, we characterized proteins proximal to p-Tau in PSP cases, identifying >84% of previously identified interaction partners of Tau and known modifiers of Tau aggregation, while 19 novel proteins not previously found associated with Tau were identified. Furthermore, our data also identified confidently assigned phosphorylation sites that have been previously reported on p-Tau. Additionally, using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and human RNA-seq datasets, we identified proteins previously associated with neurological disorders and pathways involved in protein degradation, stress responses, cytoskeletal dynamics, metabolism, and neurotransmission. Together, our study demonstrates the utility of biotinylation by antibody recognition (BAR) approach to answer a fundamental question to rapidly identify proteins in proximity to p-Tau from post-mortem tissue. The application of this workflow opens up the opportunity to identify novel protein targets to give us insight into the biological process at the onset and progression of tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan A. W. Radford
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Stephanie L. Rayner
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Paulina Szwaja
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Marco Morsch
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Flora Cheng
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandQueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Jocelyn Widagdo
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandQueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Victor Anggono
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandQueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Dean L. Pountney
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesGriffith UniversityQueenslandGold CoastAustralia
| | - Roger Chung
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Albert Lee
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Senkevich K, Bandres-Ciga S, Cisterna-García A, Yu E, Bustos BI, Krohn L, Lubbe SJ, Botía JA, Gan-Or Z. Genome-wide association study stratified by MAPT haplotypes identifies potential novel loci in Parkinson's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.14.23288478. [PMID: 37292720 PMCID: PMC10246147 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.14.23288478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective To identify genetic factors that may modify the effects of the MAPT locus in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods We used data from the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC) and the UK biobank (UKBB). We stratified the IPDGC cohort for carriers of the H1/H1 genotype (PD patients n=8,492 and controls n=6,765) and carriers of the H2 haplotype (with either H1/H2 or H2/H2 genotypes, patients n=4,779 and controls n=4,849) to perform genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Then, we performed replication analyses in the UKBB data. To study the association of rare variants in the new nominated genes, we performed burden analyses in two cohorts (Accelerating Medicines Partnership - Parkinson Disease and UKBB) with a total sample size PD patients n=2,943 and controls n=18,486. Results We identified a novel locus associated with PD among MAPT H1/H1 carriers near EMP1 (rs56312722, OR=0.88, 95%CI= 0.84-0.92, p= 1.80E-08), and a novel locus associated with PD among MAPT H2 carriers near VANGL1 (rs11590278, OR=1.69 95%CI=1.40-2.03, p=2.72E-08). Similar analysis of the UKBB data did not replicate these results and rs11590278 near VANGL1 did have similar effect size and direction in carriers of H2 haplotype, albeit not statistically significant (OR= 1.32, 95%CI= 0.94-1.86, p=0.17). Rare EMP1 variants with high CADD scores were associated with PD in the MAPT H2 stratified analysis (p=9.46E-05), mainly driven by the p.V11G variant. Interpretation We identified several loci potentially associated with PD stratified by MAPT haplotype and larger replication studies are required to confirm these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Senkevich
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington DC, USA
| | - Alejandro Cisterna-García
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eric Yu
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernabe I. Bustos
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lynne Krohn
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven J. Lubbe
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Juan A. Botía
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chahine LM, Merchant K, Siderowf A, Sherer T, Tanner C, Marek K, Simuni T. Proposal for a Biologic Staging System of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:297-309. [PMID: 37066922 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-225111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The Parkinson's disease (PD) research field has seen the advent of several promising biomarkers and a deeper understanding of the clinical features of the disease from the earliest stages of pathology to manifest disease. Despite progress, a biologically based PD staging system does not exist. Such staging would be a useful framework within which to model the disease, develop and validate biomarkers, guide therapeutic development, and inform clinical trials design. We propose that the presence of aggregated neuronal α-synuclein, dopaminergic neuron dysfunction/degeneration, and clinical signs and symptoms identifies a group of individuals that have Lewy body pathology, which in early stages manifests with what is now referred to as prodromal non-motor features and later stages with the manifestations of PD and related Lewy body diseases as defined by clinical diagnostic criteria. Based on the state of the field, we herein propose a definition and staging of PD based on biology. We present the biologic basis for such a staging system and review key assumptions and evidence that support the proposed approach. We identify gaps in knowledge and delineate crucial research priorities that will inform the ultimate integrated biologic staging system for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana M Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kalpana Merchant
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Todd Sherer
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Tanner
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Tanya Simuni
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Peter I, Strober W. Immunological Features of LRRK2 Function and Its Role in the Gut-Brain Axis Governing Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:279-296. [PMID: 37066923 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates intestinal involvement in the onset and/or progression on the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons characterizing Parkinson's disease (PD). On the one hand, there are studies supporting the Braak hypothesis that holds that pathologic α-synuclein, a hallmark of PD, is secreted by enteric nerves into intestinal tissue and finds its way to the central nervous system (CNS) via retrograde movement in the vagus nerve. On the other hand, there is data showing that cells bearing leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a signaling molecule with genetic variants associated with both PD and with inflammatory bowel disease, can be activated in intestinal tissue and contribute locally to intestinal inflammation, or peripherally to PD pathogenesis via cell trafficking to the CNS. Importantly, these gut-centered factors affecting PD development are not necessarily independent of one another: they may interact and enhance their respective pathologic functions. In this review, we discuss this possibility by analysis of studies conducted in recent years focusing on the ability of LRRK2 to shape immunologic responses and the role of α-synuclein in influencing this ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Warren Strober
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sipilä JOT, Kytövuori L, Rauramaa T, Rauhamaa H, Kaasinen V, Majamaa K. A severe neurodegenerative disease with Lewy bodies and a mutation in the glucocerebrosidase gene. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:53. [PMID: 37019925 PMCID: PMC10076383 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several heterozygous variants of the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA1) have been reported to increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). GBA1-associated PD has been reported to be more severe than idiopathic PD, and more deleterious variants are associated with more severe clinical phenotypes. We report a family with a heterozygous p.Pro454Leu variant in GBA1. The variant was associated with a severe and rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease with Lewy bodies that were clinically and pathologically diverse. Pathogenicity prediction algorithms and evolutionary analyses suggested that p.Pro454Leu is deleterious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jussi O T Sipilä
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Neurology, Siun Sote North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Laura Kytövuori
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Unit of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hugo Rauhamaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sun C, Zhou K, DePaola P, Shin WS, Hillyer T, Sawaya MR, Zhu R, Peng C, Zhou ZH, Jiang L. Cryo-EM structure of amyloid fibril formed by α-synuclein hereditary A53E mutation reveals a distinct protofilament interface. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104566. [PMID: 36871760 PMCID: PMC10124909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple systems atrophy (MSA), have the same pathologic feature of misfolded α-synuclein protein (α-syn) accumulation in the brain. PD patients who carry α-syn hereditary mutations tend to have earlier onset and more severe clinical symptoms than sporadic PD patients. Therefore, revealing the effect of hereditary mutations to the α-syn fibril structure can help us understand these synucleinopathies' structural basis. Here, we present a 3.38 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of α-synuclein fibrils containing the hereditary A53E mutation. The A53E fibril is symmetrically composed of two protofilaments, similar to other fibril structures of WT and mutant α-synuclein. The new structure is distinct from all other synuclein fibrils, not only at the interface between proto-filaments, but also between residues packed within the same proto-filament. A53E has the smallest interface with the least buried surface area among all α-syn fibrils, consisting of only two contacting residues. Within the same protofilament, A53E reveals distinct residue re-arrangement and structural variation at a cavity near its fibril core. Moreover, the A53E fibrils exhibit slower fibril formation and lower stability compared to WT and other mutants like A53T and H50Q, while also demonstrate strong cellular seeding in α-synuclein biosensor cells and primary neurons. In summary, our study aims to highlight structural differences - both within and between the protofilaments of A53E fibrils - and interpret fibril formation and cellular seeding of α-synuclein pathology in disease, which could further our understanding of the structure-activity relationship of α-synuclein mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Sun
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, California Nano Systems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter DePaola
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Woo Shik Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Trae Hillyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruowei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Z Hong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, California Nano Systems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yahya V, Di Fonzo A, Monfrini E. Genetic Evidence for Endolysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: A Critical Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076338. [PMID: 37047309 PMCID: PMC10094484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population, and no disease-modifying therapy has been approved to date. The pathogenesis of PD has been related to many dysfunctional cellular mechanisms, however, most of its monogenic forms are caused by pathogenic variants in genes involved in endolysosomal function (LRRK2, VPS35, VPS13C, and ATP13A2) and synaptic vesicle trafficking (SNCA, RAB39B, SYNJ1, and DNAJC6). Moreover, an extensive search for PD risk variants revealed strong risk variants in several lysosomal genes (e.g., GBA1, SMPD1, TMEM175, and SCARB2) highlighting the key role of lysosomal dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. Furthermore, large genetic studies revealed that PD status is associated with the overall “lysosomal genetic burden”, namely the cumulative effect of strong and weak risk variants affecting lysosomal genes. In this context, understanding the complex mechanisms of impaired vesicular trafficking and dysfunctional endolysosomes in dopaminergic neurons of PD patients is a fundamental step to identifying precise therapeutic targets and developing effective drugs to modify the neurodegenerative process in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidal Yahya
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|