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Chilamakuru NB, Vn AD, G VB, Pallaprolu N, Dande A, Nair D, Pemmadi RV, Reddy Y P, Peraman R. New synergistic benzoquinone scaffolds as inhibitors of mycobacterial cytochrome bc1 complex to treat multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116479. [PMID: 38733886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Through a comprehensive molecular docking study, a unique series of naphthoquinones clubbed azetidinone scaffolds was arrived with promising binding affinity to Mycobacterial Cytbc1 complex, a drug target chosen to kill multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-Mtb). Five compounds from series-2, 2a, 2c, 2g, 2h, and 2j, showcased significant in vitro anti-tubercular activities against Mtb H37Rv and MDR clinical isolates. Further, synergistic studies of these compounds in combination with INH and RIF revealed a potent bactericidal effect of compound 2a at concentration of 0.39 μg/mL, and remaining (2c, 2g, 2h, and 2j) at 0.78 μg/mL. Exploration into the mechanism study through chemo-stress assay and proteome profiling uncovered the down-regulation of key proteins of electron-transport chain and Cytbc1 inhibition pathway. Metabolomics corroborated these proteome findings, and heightened further understanding of the underlying mechanism. Notably, in vitro and in vivo animal toxicity studies demonstrated minimal toxicity, thus underscoring the potential of these compounds as promising anti-TB agents in combination with RIF and INH. These active compounds adhered to Lipinski's Rule of Five, indicating the suitability of these compounds for drug development. Particular significance of molecules NQ02, 2a, and 2h, which have been patented (Published 202141033473).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Babu Chilamakuru
- Research Scholar, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Campus, Ananthapuramu, 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Azger Dusthackeer Vn
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, 600031, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varadaraj Bhat G
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhil Pallaprolu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Aishwarya Dande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Dina Nair
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, 600031, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghuveer Varma Pemmadi
- RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Campus, Ananthapuramu, 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, A.K.R.G College of Pharmacy, Nallajerla, Andhra Pradesh 534112.
| | - Padmanabha Reddy Y
- RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Campus, Ananthapuramu, 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramalingam Peraman
- RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Campus, Ananthapuramu, 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur 844102, Bihar, India.
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2
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Prabhu KS, Jessy S, Kuttikrishnan S, Mujeeb F, Mariyam Z, Habeeba U, Ahmad N, Bhat AA, Uddin S. Anticancer Potential and Molecular Targets of Pristimerin in Human Malignancies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:578. [PMID: 38794148 PMCID: PMC11123949 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing global burden of malignant tumors with increasing incidence and mortality rates underscores the urgent need for more effective and less toxic therapeutic options. Herbal compounds are being increasingly studied for their potential to meet these needs due to their reduced side effects and significant efficacy. Pristimerin (PS), a triterpenoid from the quinone formamide class derived from the Celastraceae and Hippocrateaceae families, has emerged as a potent anticancer agent. It exhibits broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity across various cancers such as breast, pancreatic, prostate, glioblastoma, colorectal, cervical, and lung cancers. PS modulates several key cellular processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, cell migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapy, targeting crucial signaling pathways such as those involving NF-κB, p53, and STAT3, among others. The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current literature on PS, emphasizing its mechanisms of action and molecular targets with the utmost clarity. It discusses the comparative advantages of PS over current cancer therapies and explores the implications for future research and clinical applications. By delineating the specific pathways and targets affected by PS, this review seeks to offer valuable insights and directions for future research in this field. The information gathered in this review could pave the way for the successful development of PS into a clinically applicable anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S. Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (S.J.); (S.K.); (Z.M.); (U.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Serah Jessy
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (S.J.); (S.K.); (Z.M.); (U.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (S.J.); (S.K.); (Z.M.); (U.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Farina Mujeeb
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Zahwa Mariyam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (S.J.); (S.K.); (Z.M.); (U.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Ummu Habeeba
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (S.J.); (S.K.); (Z.M.); (U.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Nuha Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (S.J.); (S.K.); (Z.M.); (U.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Ajaz A. Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (S.J.); (S.K.); (Z.M.); (U.H.); (N.A.)
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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3
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Khan A, Huo Y, Guo Y, Shi J, Hou Y. Ferroptosis is an effective strategy for cancer therapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:124. [PMID: 38652406 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of intracellular iron-dependent cell death that differs from necrosis, autophagy and apoptosis. Intracellular iron mediates Fenton reaction resulting in lipid peroxidation production, which in turn promotes cell death. Although cancer cell exhibit's ability to escape ferroptosis by multiple pathways such as SLC7A11, GPX4, induction of ferroptosis could inhibit cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In tumor microenvironment, ferroptosis could affect immune cell (T cells, macrophages etc.) activity, which in turn regulates tumor immune escape. In addition, ferroptosis in cancer cells could activate immune cell activity by antigen processing and presentation. Therefore, ferroptosis could be an effective strategy for cancer therapy such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this paper, we reviewed the role of ferroptosis on tumor progression and therapy, which may provide a strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrasyab Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Huo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilei Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
- , Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang X, Peng Q, Peng M, Oyang L, Wang H, Liu Q, Xu X, Wu N, Tan S, Yang W, Han Y, Lin J, Xia L, Tang Y, Luo X, Dai J, Zhou Y, Liao Q. Cellular metabolism: A key player in cancer ferroptosis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:185-204. [PMID: 38217522 PMCID: PMC10876208 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is the fundamental process by which cells maintain growth and self-renewal. It produces energy, furnishes raw materials, and intermediates for biomolecule synthesis, and modulates enzyme activity to sustain normal cellular functions. Cellular metabolism is the foundation of cellular life processes and plays a regulatory role in various biological functions, including programmed cell death. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of iron-dependent programmed cell death. The inhibition of ferroptosis plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the role of cellular metabolism, particularly glucose and amino acid metabolism, in cancer ferroptosis is not well understood. Here, we reviewed glucose, lipid, amino acid, iron and selenium metabolism involvement in cancer cell ferroptosis to elucidate the impact of different metabolic pathways on this process. Additionally, we provided a detailed overview of agents used to induce cancer ferroptosis. We explained that the metabolism of tumor cells plays a crucial role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and that disrupting the normal metabolic processes in these cells renders them more susceptible to iron-induced cell death, resulting in enhanced tumor cell killing. The combination of ferroptosis inducers and cellular metabolism inhibitors may be a novel approach to future cancer therapy and an important strategy to advance the development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Honghan Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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Cheng L, Liu J, Wang Q, Hu H, Zhou L. The Protective Effect of a Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Supernatant on UVB-Induced Skin Photodamage. Cells 2024; 13:156. [PMID: 38247847 PMCID: PMC10814745 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is constantly exposed to a range of environmental stressors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can cause damage to the skin. Repairing UV-damaged skin has been a major focus of research in recent years. The therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) exhibits anti-photoaging properties. In this study, we developed a strategy for concentrating an HUCMSC supernatant, and examined the protective effects of CHS on UVB exposure in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that CHS repairs UVB exposure by promoting cell viability and migration and reducing senescent and apoptosis cells. We further found that the photoprotective effect of CHS is due to autophagy activation. Moreover, CHS reduces wrinkles and senescent cells, increases collagen expression, and improves immune function in UVB exposure-induced skin damage. In summary, our study provides a new approach for repairing cell damage, and suggests that CHS might be a potential candidate for preventing UVB-induced skin photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China;
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Huozhen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.C.); (Q.W.)
| | - Liming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.C.); (Q.W.)
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Wu J, Liu X, Zhang J, Yao J, Cui X, Tang Y, Xi Z, Han M, Tian H, Chen Y, Fan Q, Li W, Kong D. Green synthesis and anti-tumor efficacy via inducing pyroptosis of novel 1H-benzo[e]indole-2(3H)-one spirocyclic derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106930. [PMID: 37890212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis induction is anticipated to be a new approach to developing anti-tumor medications. A novel class of spirocyclic compounds was designed by hybridization of 1H-Benzo[e]indole-2(3H)-one with 1,4-dihydroquinoline and synthesized through a new green "one-pot" synthesis method using 10 wt% SDS/H2O as a solvent to screen novel tumor cell pyroptosis inducers. The anti-tumor activity of all compounds in vitro was determined by the MTT method, and a fraction of the compounds showed good cell growth inhibitory activity. The quantitative structure-activity relationship models of the compounds were established by artificial intelligence random forest algorithm (R2 = 0.9656 and 0.9747). The ideal compound A9 could, in a concentration-dependent manner, prevent ovarian cancer cells from forming colonies, migrating, and invading. Furthermore, A9 could significantly induce pyroptosis and upregulate the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins GSDME-N, in addition to inducing apoptosis and mediating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in ovarian cancer cells. A9 (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced tumor volume and weight of ovarian cancer in vivo, decreased caspase-3 expression in tumor tissue, and induced the production of GSDME-N. This study provides a green and efficient atom-economic synthesis method for 1H-Benzo[e]indole-2(3H)-one spirocyclic derivatives and a promising pyroptosis inducer with anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhang Wu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical Universtiy, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical Universtiy, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jiali Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical Universtiy, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Yaling Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical Universtiy, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zixuan Xi
- The 1th Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Meiting Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical Universtiy, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haoyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Qiyun Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical Universtiy, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wulan Li
- The 1th Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Dulin Kong
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Sun K, Zhi Y, Ren W, Li S, Zhou X, Gao L, Zhi K. The mitochondrial regulation in ferroptosis signaling pathway and its potential strategies for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115892. [PMID: 37976895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death, mainly manifested by the production of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of lipid peroxides. It is distinct from other forms of cell death with regard to morphology and biochemistry, particularly in disrupting mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are essential compartments where the organism generates energy and are closely associated with the fate of ferroptosis. Currently, researchers focus on the potential value of ferroptosis and mitochondria for overcoming drug sensitivity and assisting in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the main mechanisms of ferroptosis (the GPX4-realated pathway, FSP1-related pathway, and iron metabolism pathway) and the functions and regulating pathways of mitochondria (the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial regulation of iron ions, and mtDNA) in ferroptosis. We believe that exploring the role of mitochondria in ferroptosis will help us understand the potential regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in cancer and help us find new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuan Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of the Stomatology, Jining NO.1 People' hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Wang L, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Guo L, Wang X, Pan Z, Jiang X, Wu F, He G. Mechanisms of PANoptosis and relevant small-molecule compounds for fighting diseases. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:851. [PMID: 38129399 PMCID: PMC10739961 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis are mainly programmed cell death (PCD) pathways for host defense and homeostasis. PANoptosis is a newly distinct inflammatory PCD pathway that is uniquely regulated by multifaceted PANoptosome complexes and highlights significant crosstalk and coordination among pyroptosis (P), apoptosis (A), and/or necroptosis(N). Although some studies have focused on the possible role of PANpoptosis in diseases, the pathogenesis of PANoptosis is complex and underestimated. Furthermore, the progress of PANoptosis and related agonists or inhibitors in disorders has not yet been thoroughly discussed. In this perspective, we provide perspectives on PANoptosome and PANoptosis in the context of diverse pathological conditions and human diseases. The treatment targeting on PANoptosis is also summarized. In conclusion, PANoptosis is involved in plenty of disorders including but not limited to microbial infections, cancers, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), ischemia-reperfusion, and organic failure. PANoptosis seems to be a double-edged sword in diverse conditions, as PANoptosis induces a negative impact on treatment and prognosis in disorders like COVID-19 and ALI/ARDS, while PANoptosis provides host protection from HSV1 or Francisella novicida infection, and kills cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth in colorectal cancer, adrenocortical carcinoma, and other cancers. Compounds and endogenous molecules focused on PANoptosis are promising therapeutic strategies, which can act on PANoptosomes-associated members to regulate PANoptosis. More researches on PANoptosis are needed to better understand the pathology of human conditions and develop better treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yanghui Zhu
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Linghong Guo
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhaoping Pan
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Fengbo Wu
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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9
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Malekzadeh R, Mortezazadeh T, Abdulsahib WK, Babaye Abdollahi B, Hamblin MR, Mansoori B, Alsaikhan F, Zeng B. Nanoarchitecture-based photothermal ablation of cancer: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116526. [PMID: 37487920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging non-invasive method used in cancer treatment. In PTT, near-infrared laser light is absorbed by a chromophore and converted into heat within the tumor tissue. PTT for cancer usually combines a variety of interactive plasmonic nanomaterials with laser irradiation. PTT enjoys PT agents with high conversion efficiency to convert light into heat to destroy malignant tissue. In this review, published studies concerned with the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in PTT were collected by a systematic and comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases. Gold, silver and iron NPs were the most frequent choice in PTT. The use of surface modified NPs allowed selective delivery and led to a precise controlled increase in the local temperature. The presence of NPs during PTT can increase the reactive generation of oxygen species, damage the DNA and mitochondria, leading to cancer cell death mainly via apoptosis. Many studies recently used core-shell metal NPs, and the effects of the polymer coating or ligands targeted to specific cellular receptors in order to increase PTT efficiency were often reported. The effective parameters (NP type, size, concentration, coated polymers or attached ligands, exposure conditions, cell line or type, and cell death mechanisms) were investigated individually. With the advances in chemical synthesis technology, NPs with different shapes, sizes, and coatings can be prepared with desirable properties, to achieve multimodal cancer treatment with precision and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Malekzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Medical Radiation Science Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Mortezazadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Waleed K Abdulsahib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Behnaz Babaye Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- The Wistar Institute, Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bo Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Sun Y, Zheng H, Qian L, Liu Y, Zhu D, Xu Z, Chang W, Xu J, Wang L, Sun B, Gu L, Yuan H, Lou H. Targeting GDP-Dissociation Inhibitor Beta (GDI2) with a Benzo[ a]quinolizidine Library to Induce Paraptosis for Cancer Therapy. JACS AU 2023; 3:2749-2762. [PMID: 37885576 PMCID: PMC10598831 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Inducing paraptosis, a nonapoptotic form of cell death, has great therapeutic potential in cancer therapy, especially for drug-resistant tumors. However, the specific molecular target(s) that trigger paraptosis have not yet been deciphered yet. Herein, by using activity-based protein profiling, we identified the GDP-dissociation inhibitor beta (GDI2) as a manipulable target for inducing paraptosis and uncovered benzo[a]quinolizidine BQZ-485 as a potent inhibitor of GDI2 through the interaction with Tyr245. Comprehensive target validation revealed that BQZ-485 disrupts the intrinsic GDI2-Rab1A interaction, thereby abolishing vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and initiating subsequent paraptosis events including ER dilation and fusion, ER stress, the unfolded protein response, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Based on the structure of BQZ-485, we created a small benzo[a]quinolizidine library by click chemistry and discovered more potent GDI2 inhibitors using a NanoLuc-based screening platform. Leveraging the engagement of BQZ-485 with GDI2, we developed a selective GDI2 degrader. The optimized inhibitor (+)-37 and degrader 21 described in this study exhibited excellent in vivo antitumor activity in two GDI2-overexpressing pancreatic xenograft models, including an AsPc-1 solid tumor model and a transplanted human PDAC tumor model. Altogether, our findings provide a promising strategy for targeting GDI2 for paraptosis in the treatment of pancreatic cancers, and these lead compounds could be further optimized to be effective chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Products
& Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongbo Zheng
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Products
& Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lilin Qian
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Products
& Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Products
& Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Deyu Zhu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences,
Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zejun Xu
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Products
& Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenqiang Chang
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Products
& Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department
of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong
University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department
of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong
University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bin Sun
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong
University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lichuan Gu
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huiqing Yuan
- Key
Laboratory
of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Institute
of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital
of Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Products
& Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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11
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Hosseinzadeh A, Poursoleiman F, Biregani AN, Esmailzadeh A. Flavonoids target different molecules of autophagic and metastatic pathways in cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:114. [PMID: 37308913 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of cancer therapy, it has encountered a major obstacle due to the complicated nature of cancer, namely resistance. The recurrence and metastasis of cancer occur when anti-cancer therapeutic agents fail to eradicate all cancer cells. Cancer therapy aims to find the best agent that targets all cancer cells, including those sensitive or resistant to treatment. Flavonoids, natural products from our diet, show anti-cancer effects in different studies. They can inhibit metastasis and the recurrence of cancers. This review discusses metastasis, autophagy, anoikis in cancer cells, and their dynamic relationship. We present evidence that flavonoids can block metastasis and induce cell death in cancer cells. Our research suggests that flavonoids can serve as potential therapeutic agents in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysooda Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Faezeh Poursoleiman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Naghdipour Biregani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Scinences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmailzadeh
- Students' Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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12
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He W, Chang L, Li X, Mei Y. Research progress on the mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1155296. [PMID: 37334304 PMCID: PMC10268817 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1155296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is iron-dependent regulatory cell death (RCD). Morphologically, ferroptosis is manifested as mitochondrial atrophy and increased mitochondrial membrane density. Biochemically, ferroptosis is characterized by the depletion of glutathione (GSH), the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and an increase in lipid peroxides (LPO)and divalent iron ions. Ferroptosis is associated with various diseases, but the relationship with diabetic retinopathy(DR) is less studied. DR is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus and has a severe impact on visual function. The pathology of DR is complex, and the current treatment is unsatisfactory. Therefore, exploring pathogenesis is helpful for the clinical treatment of DR. This paper reviews the pathological mechanism of ferroptosis and DR in recent years and the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathology of DR. In addition, we propose problems that need to be addressed in this research field. It is expected to provide new ideas for treating DR by analyzing the role of ferroptosis in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Aier Eye Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xinlu Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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13
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Koeberle SC, Kipp AP, Stuppner H, Koeberle A. Ferroptosis-modulating small molecules for targeting drug-resistant cancer: Challenges and opportunities in manipulating redox signaling. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:614-682. [PMID: 36658724 PMCID: PMC10947485 DOI: 10.1002/med.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death program that is characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation. Triggering ferroptosis has been proposed as a promising strategy to fight cancer and overcome drug resistance in antitumor therapy. Understanding the molecular interactions and structural features of ferroptosis-inducing compounds might therefore open the door to efficient pharmacological strategies against aggressive, metastatic, and therapy-resistant cancer. We here summarize the molecular mechanisms and structural requirements of ferroptosis-inducing small molecules that target central players in ferroptosis. Focus is placed on (i) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 4, the only GPX isoenzyme that detoxifies complex membrane-bound lipid hydroperoxides, (ii) the cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc - that is central for glutathione regeneration, (iii) the redox-protective transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2), and (iv) GPX4 repression in combination with induced heme degradation via heme oxygenase-1. We deduce common features for efficient ferroptotic activity and highlight challenges in drug development. Moreover, we critically discuss the potential of natural products as ferroptosis-inducing lead structures and provide a comprehensive overview of structurally diverse biogenic and bioinspired small molecules that trigger ferroptosis via iron oxidation, inhibition of the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system or less defined modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveigh C. Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckTirolInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional SciencesFriedrich Schiller University JenaThüringenJenaGermany
| | - Anna P. Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional SciencesFriedrich Schiller University JenaThüringenJenaGermany
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckTirolInnsbruckAustria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckTirolInnsbruckAustria
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14
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Huang Q, Li J, Ma M, Lv M, Hu R, Sun J, Zhong X, Sun X, Feng W, Ma W, Zhang W, Zhan B, Han Z, Zhou X. High‑throughput screening identification of a small‑molecule compound that induces ferroptosis and attenuates the invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting the STAT3/GPX4 axis. Int J Oncol 2023; 62:42. [PMID: 36825585 PMCID: PMC9946807 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy. Although considerable efforts have been made in recent years regarding treatments, effective therapeutic drugs for HCC remain insufficient. In the present study, polyphyllin VI was identified as a potential therapeutic drug for HCC by screening natural herbal compounds. The therapeutic effects of polyphyllin VI were assessed using Cell Counting Kit‑8, lactate dehydrogenase release and colony formation assays. The occurrence of ferroptosis was determined by assessing lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde levels, intracellular ferrous iron levels, and the mRNA and protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). The migratory and invasive abilities of HCC cells were examined using wound healing and Transwell assays. The results revealed that polyphyllin VI inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells (HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells) by inducing ferroptosis. In addition, through a network pharmacology‑based approach and molecular docking analyses, it was found that polyphyllin VI may target the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). HCC cells were treated with polyphyllin VI or a STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic), both of which exerted similar inhibitory effects on protein expression. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining revealed that polyphyllin VI significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of p‑STAT3 in HCC cells. Mechanistically, by the overexpression of STAT3, it was confirmed that STAT3 binds to GPX4 and promotes its protein expression and transcription, whereas polyphyllin VI induces ferroptosis by inhibiting the STAT3/GPX4 axis. Subsequently, in vivo experiments revealed that polyphyllin VI inhibited the growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumors. On the whole, findings of the present study suggest that polyphyllin VI inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation, which inhibits GPX4 expression and induces the ferroptosis of HCC cells, eventually inhibiting their invasion and metastasis. These data suggest that polyphyllin VI may be a candidate for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Macau University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macao 999078, P.R. China
| | - Mengqing Ma
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Minling Lv
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Jialing Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Feng
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Ma
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Bolin Zhan
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Xiaozhou Zhou or Dr Zhiyi Han, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Xiaozhou Zhou
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Macau University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macao 999078, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Xiaozhou Zhou or Dr Zhiyi Han, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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15
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Zhu HP, Chai J, Qin R, Leng HJ, Wen X, Peng C, He G, Han B. Discovery of tetrahydrofuranyl spirooxindole-based SMYD3 inhibitors against gastric cancer via inducing lethal autophagy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:115009. [PMID: 36527933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SMYD3 is a histone methyltransferase involved in transcriptional regulation, and its overexpression in various forms of cancer justifies that blocking SMYD3 functions can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Herein, a series of novel tetrahydrofuranyl spirooxindoles were designed and synthesized based on a structure-based drug design strategy. Subsequent biochemical analysis suggested that these novel SMYD3 inhibitors showed good anticancer activity against stomach adenocarcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound 7r exhibited potent inhibitory capacities against SMYD3 and BGC823 cells with IC50 values of 0.81 and 0.75 μM, respectively. Mechanistic investigations showed that 7r could suppress Akt methylation and activation by SMYD3 and trigger lethal autophagic flux inhibition via the Akt-mTOR pathway. Collectively, our results may bridge the rational discovery of privileged structures, epigenetic targeting of SMYD3, and regulation of autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jinlong Chai
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hai-Jun Leng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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16
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Ferroptosis: mechanisms and advances in ocular diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-022-04644-5. [PMID: 36617346 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As an essential trace element in the body, iron is critical for the maintenance of organismal metabolism. Excessive iron facilitates reactive oxygen species generation and inflicts damage on cells and tissues. Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent type of programmed cell death, has been implicated in a broad set of metabolic disorders. Ferroptosis is mainly characterized by excess iron accumulation, elevated lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species, and reduced levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4. The vast emerging literature on ferroptosis has shown that numerous diseases, such as cancers, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases, are associated with ferroptosis. Meanwhile, recent studies have confirmed the relationship between ferroptosis and eye diseases including keratopathy, cataract, glaucoma, retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, and retinoblastoma, indicating the critical role of ferroptosis in ocular diseases. In this article, we introduce the primary signaling pathways of ferroptosis and review current advances in research on ocular diseases involving iron overload and ferroptosis. Furthermore, several unanswered questions in the area are raised. Addressing these unanswered questions promises to provide new insights into preventing, controlling, and treating not only ocular diseases but also a variety of other diseases in the near future.
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17
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Najafi V, Yoosefian M, Hassani Z. Development of venetoclax performance using its new derivatives on BCL-2 protein inhibition. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:58-66. [PMID: 36259104 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are resistant to apoptosis and this is one of the most obvious symptoms of cancer in humans. One of the most exciting strategies for treating cancer is to design regulators that increase cell death and stop cell growth. Members of the BCL-2 family of proteins play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis. In this study, an attempt was made to improve the performance of one of the anticancer drugs by designing new analogs of venetoclax (VNT). For this purpose, molecular docking studies were performed to determine the best binding state of VNT and its newly designed derivatives at the protein-binding site to estimate the binding energy. The best analog in terms of free energy was VNT-12 with the lowest energy (-12.15 kcal/mol). Finally, to investigate the inhibitory effect of the compounds on BCL-2 protein, molecular dynamics simulation was used, and by performing the relevant analyses during the simulation, it was observed that the newly designed ligand had better performance in inhibiting BCL-2 protein compared to VNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Najafi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yoosefian
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Hassani
- Department of New Materials, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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18
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Non-Apoptotic Programmed Cell Death in Thyroid Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121565. [PMID: 36559016 PMCID: PMC9788139 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrinological conditions. As the prevalence of thyroid diseases increases annually, the exploration of thyroid disease mechanisms and the development of treatments are also gradually improving. With the gradual advancement of therapies, non-apoptotic programmed cell death (NAPCD) has immense potential in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and immunogenic cell death are all classical NAPCD. In this paper, we have compiled the recent mechanistic investigations of thyroid diseases and established the considerable progress by NAPCD in thyroid diseases. Furthermore, we have elucidated the role of various types of NAPCD in different thyroid disorders. This will help us to better understand the pathophysiology of thyroid-related disorders and identify new targets and mechanisms of drug resistance, which may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with thyroid diseases. Here, we have reviewed the advances in the role of NAPCD in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of thyroid diseases, and highlighted future research prospects in this area.
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19
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The expression pattern of pyroptosis-related genes predicts the prognosis and drug response of melanoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21566. [PMID: 36513682 PMCID: PMC9747972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM, hereafter referred to as melanoma) is a highly malignant tumor that typically undergoes early metastasis. Pyroptosis, as a special programmed cell death process that releases inflammatory factors and has been widely studied in tumors, but its role in melanoma has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the relationship between pyroptosis and the prognosis of melanoma through bioinformatic analysis of RNA-sequencing data. Our results demonstrated that pyroptosis is a protective factor associated with melanoma prognosis. A higher pyroptosis score was associated with a more favorable overall survival. We used weighted gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA) to establish an effective prognosis model based on 12 pyroptosis-related genes. We then validated it in two independent cohorts. Furthermore, a nomogram combining clinicopathological characteristics and a pyroptosis-related gene signature (PGS) score was designed to effectively evaluate the prognosis of melanoma. Additionally, we analyzed the potential roles of pyroptosis in the tumor immune microenvironment and drug response. Interestingly, we found that the elevated infiltration of multiple immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and M1 macrophages, may be associated with the occurrence of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis was also related to a better response of melanoma to interferon-α, paclitaxel, cisplatin and imatinib. Through Spearman correlation analysis of the 12 pyroptosis-related genes and 135 chemotherapeutic agents in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database, we identified solute carrier family 31 member 2 (SLC31A2) and collagen type 4 alpha 5 chain (COL4A5) as being associated with resistance to most of these drugs. In conclusion, this PGS is an effective and novelty prognostic indicator in melanoma, and also has an association with the melanoma immune microenvironment and melanoma treatment decision-making.
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20
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Rafat S, Singh P, Pandey KK, Almatroodi SA, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Rahmani AH, Dev K. SMAC Mimetic BV6 Co-Treatment Downregulates the Factors Involved in Resistance and Relapse of Cancer: IAPs and Autophagy. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1581. [PMID: 36358282 PMCID: PMC9687886 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the utmost common disease-causing death worldwide, characterized by uncontrollable cell division with the potential of metastasis. Overexpression of the Inhibitors of Apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and autophagy correlates with tumorigenesis, therapeutic resistance, and reoccurrence after anticancer therapies. This study illuminates the role and efficacy of smac mimetic compound BV6 alone and in co-treatment with death ligands such as TRAIL and TNFα in the regulation of cell death mechanisms, i.e., apoptosis and autophagy. In this study, MTT assays, wound healing assays, and cellular and nuclear morphological studies were done. DAPI staining, AO/EtBr staining and AnnexinV/PI FACS was done to study the apoptosis. The expression of IAPs and autophagy biomarkers was analyzed using Real time-PCR and western blotting. Meanwhile, TEM demonstrated autophagy and cellular autophagic vacuoles in response to the BV6. The result shows a promising anti-cancer effect of BV6 alone as well as in combinational treatment with TRAIL and TNFα, compared to the lone treatment of TRAIL and TNFα in both breast cancer cell lines. The smac mimetic compound might provide an alternative combinational therapy with conventional anticancer therapies to tackle their inefficiency at the advanced stage of cancer, cancer resistance, and reoccurrence. Also, IAPs and autophagic proteins could act as potent target molecules for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs in pathogenesis and the betterment of regimens for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rafat
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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21
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Gupta A, Iqbal S, Roohi, Hussain MK, Zaheer MR, Shankar K. Visible Light-Promoted Green and Sustainable Approach for One-Pot Synthesis of 4,4'-(Arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ols), In Vitro Anticancer Activity, and Molecular Docking with Covid-19 M pro. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34583-34598. [PMID: 36188265 PMCID: PMC9520760 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-promoted, efficient, green, and sustainable strategy has been adopted to unlatch a new pathway toward the synthesis of a library of medicinally important 4,4'-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ols) moieties using substituted aromatic aldehydes and sterically hindered 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one in excellent yield. This reaction shows high functional group tolerance and provides a cost-effective and catalyst-free protocol for the quick synthesis of biologically active compounds from readily available substrates. Synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and single-crystal XRD analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against a panel of five different human cancer cell lines and compared with Tamoxifen using MTT assay. Compound 3m exhibited maximum antiproliferative activity and was found to be more active as compared to Tamoxifen against both the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with an IC50 of 5.45 and 9.47 μM, respectively. A molecular docking study with respect to COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) (PDB ID: 6LU7) has also been carried out which shows comparatively high binding affinity of compounds 3f and 3g (-8.3 and -8.8 Kcal/mole, respectively) than few reported drugs such as ritonavir, remdesivir, ribacvirin, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and olsaltamivir. Hence, it reveals the possibility of these compounds to be used as effective COVID-19 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roohi
- Protein
Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd. Kamil Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, Govt. Raza PG College, Rampur24901, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd. Rehan Zaheer
- Department
of Chemistry, R.M.P.S.P. Girls Post Graduate
College, Basti272301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krapa Shankar
- Sun
Pharmaceutical industries Ltd, Sarhaul, Sector 18, Gurgaon, Haryana122015, India
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22
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Liu L, An X, Schaefer M, Yan B, de la Torre C, Hillmer S, Gladkich J, Herr I. Nanosilver inhibits the progression of pancreatic cancer by inducing a paraptosis-like mixed type of cell death. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113511. [PMID: 36076598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver has been in clinical use since ancient times and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted attention in cancer therapy. We investigated the mechanisms by which AgNPs inhibit pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). AgNPs were synthesized and 3 human PDAC and 2 nonmalignant primary cell lines were treated with AgNPs. MTT, MAPK, colony, spheroid and scratch assays, Western blotting, TEM, annexin V, 7-AAD, and H2DCFDA staining, FACS analysis, mRNA array and bioinformatics analyses, tumor xenograft transplantation, and immunohistochemistry of the treated cells were performed. We found that minimal AgNPs amounts selectively eradicated PDAC cells within a few hours. AgNPs inhibited cell migration and spheroid and colony formation, damaged mitochondria, and induced paraptosis-like cell death with the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, dilation of the ER and mitochondria, ROS formation, MAPK activity, and p62 and LC3b expression, whereas effects on the nucleus, DNA fragmentation, or caspases were not detectable. AgNPs strongly decreased tumor xenograft growth without side effects and reduced the expression of markers for proliferation and DNA repair, but upregulated paraptosis markers. The results highlight nanosilver as complementary agent to improve the therapeutic efficacy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - XueFeng An
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Bin Yan
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Microarray Analytics - NPGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hillmer
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jury Gladkich
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Ye J, Peng J, Liu K, Zhang T, Huang W. MCTR1 inhibits ferroptosis by promoting NRF2 expression to attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G283-G293. [PMID: 35916424 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00354.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) can lead to poor prognosis in patients undergoing liver transplantation or extensive liver resection. Maresin conjugate in tissue regeneration 1 (MCTR1) exerts a protective effect in several inflammatory disease models, but its role in HIRI remains unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of MCTR1 on HIRI and its underlying mechanism. HIRI mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) AML12 cell models were used to evaluate the effects of MCTR1 at different doses on HIRI. Histological changes, inflammatory mediators, and ferroptosis-associated markers including iron content, oxidative stress and antioxidant activity, cell death marker (LDH), and the expression of Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) were analyzed. The results showed that MCTR1 treatment significantly ameliorated liver tissue damage and AST/ALT levels in HIRI mice. It also ameliorated ferroptosis in both HIRI mice and OGD/R AML12 cells, including a decrease in iron content, serum LDH release levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS), MDA, IL-1β levels, and COX2 and transferrin receptor (TFRC) expression. In addition, it increased the levels of IL-10, the antioxidant stress markers SOD and GSH, and the expression of GPX4. With respect to the underlying mechanism, the expression of NRF2 in HIRI mice and OGD/R AML12 cells was significantly inhibited. MCTR1 treatment restored the inhibition of NRF2 expression caused by ischemia-reperfusion, and NRF2 inhibitors significantly inhibited nuclear aggregation of NRF2 promoted by MCTR1. In conclusion, the MCTR1 ameliorates ferroptosis-induced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting NRF2 expression and may represent a therapeutic strategy for treating HIRI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY MCTR1 exerts a protective effect in several inflammatory disease models, but its role in hepatic HIRI remains unknown. We confirm that the MCTR1 ameliorates ferroptosis-induced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting NRF2 expression. Our study illustrates the mechanism that MCTR1 protects from HIRI and identifies a therapeutic target for liver transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injury from the perspective of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuanzhi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Pan Z, Chen Y, Pang H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xie X, He G. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel dual inhibitors of heat shock protein 90/mammalian target of rapamycin (Hsp90/mTOR) against bladder cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114674. [PMID: 35987020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel class of thieno [2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives containing resorcinol and morpholine fragments as Hsp90/mTOR dual inhibitors was designed, synthesized, and evaluated. In vitro anti-tumor assay results: the obtained compounds demonstrated effectiveness in suppressing the enzymatic activities of the Hsp90 and mTOR and inhibiting the proliferation of J82, T24, and SW780 cancer cell lines. Among these dual inhibitors, the most potent compound 17o, confirmed remarkable inhibitory activities on Hsp90, mTOR, and SW780 cell. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulation and a panel of mechanism studies revealed that inhibitor 17o suppressed the proliferation of SW780 cells through the over-activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulated by mTOR inhibition and apoptosis regulated by the mitochondrial pathway. In subcutaneous J82 xenograft models, the compound 17o also presented considerable in vivo anti-tumor activity. Therefore, our investigations highlight that a new-found dual Hsp90/mTOR inhibitor by rational drug design strategies could be a promising lead compound for targeted bladder cancer therapy and deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Pan
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Haiying Pang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xin Xie
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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25
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Radha G, Naik PK, Lopus M. In vitro characterization and molecular dynamic simulation of shikonin as a tubulin-targeted anticancer agent. Comput Biol Med 2022; 147:105789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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He G. Meet the Editorial Board Member. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/187152062213220601100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Sichuan University Chengdu P.R. China
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27
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Pan-Cancer Pyroptosis Analyses Identified Novel Immunology and Chemotherapy-Related Prognostic Signatures in Cancer Subtypes. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6609297. [PMID: 35769504 PMCID: PMC9236821 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6609297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite mounting evidence linking pyroptotic cell death to tumor growth, the clinical significance and disease mechanism of pyroptosis in cancer remain uncertain. In this study, we established a unique gene signature (π signature) that can be used as a predictive and prognostic tool in pyroptosis-related cancer subtypes. We found that the 13 core pyroptosis genes exerted opposite prognostic effects in different cancer types, which were subgrouped as pyroptosis positively related cancer and pyroptosis negatively related cancer. Subsequently, π signature was identified separately from the hub genes in pyroptosis positively related cancer and pyroptosis negatively related cancer subtypes. It was shown that π signature was well correlated with patient survival, pathological stages, tumor lymphocyte infiltration, and immunotherapy response. π signature was also applied as a predictive tool for chemotherapy drug responses and used as an independent factor for patient overall survival prediction. In short, this elaborated genetic signature could help us understand the oncogenic mechanism and pave the way for further therapeutic strategies based on pyroptosis.
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28
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iPCD: A Comprehensive Data Resource of Regulatory Proteins in Programmed Cell Death. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132018. [PMID: 35805101 PMCID: PMC9265749 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential biological process involved in many human pathologies. According to the continuous discovery of new PCD forms, a large number of proteins have been found to regulate PCD. Notably, post-translational modifications play critical roles in PCD process and the rapid advances in proteomics have facilitated the discovery of new PCD proteins. However, an integrative resource has yet to be established for maintaining these regulatory proteins. Here, we briefly summarize the mainstream PCD forms, as well as the current progress in the development of public databases to collect, curate and annotate PCD proteins. Further, we developed a comprehensive database, with integrated annotations for programmed cell death (iPCD), which contained 1,091,014 regulatory proteins involved in 30 PCD forms across 562 eukaryotic species. From the scientific literature, we manually collected 6493 experimentally identified PCD proteins, and an orthologous search was then conducted to computationally identify more potential PCD proteins. Additionally, we provided an in-depth annotation of PCD proteins in eight model organisms, by integrating the knowledge from 102 additional resources that covered 16 aspects, including post-translational modification, protein expression/proteomics, genetic variation and mutation, functional annotation, structural annotation, physicochemical property, functional domain, disease-associated information, protein–protein interaction, drug–target relation, orthologous information, biological pathway, transcriptional regulator, mRNA expression, subcellular localization and DNA and RNA element. With a data volume of 125 GB, we anticipate that iPCD can serve as a highly useful resource for further analysis of PCD in eukaryotes.
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29
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Yao X, Cao Y, Lu L, Xu Y, Chen H, Liu C, Chen D, Wang K, Xu J, Fang R, Xia H, Li J, Fang Q, Tao Z. Plasmodium infection suppresses colon cancer growth by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis associated with disrupting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in mice. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:192. [PMID: 35668501 PMCID: PMC9169289 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is a common gastrointestinal tumor with a poor prognosis, and thus new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The antitumor effect of Plasmodium infection has been reported in some murine models, but it is not clear whether it has an anti-colon cancer effect. In this study, we investigated the anti-colon cancer effect of Plasmodium infection and its related mechanisms using a mouse model of colon cancer. METHODS An experimental model was established by intraperitoneal injection of Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL-infected erythrocytes into mice with colon cancer. The size of tumors was observed dynamically in mice, and the expression of Ki67 detected by immunohistochemistry was used to analyze tumor cell proliferation. Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins including Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the ultrastructural change in colon cancer cells, and the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis correlative central protein, PGC-1α, and mitophagy relevant crucial proteins, PINK1/Parkin, were detected by western blot. RESULTS We found that Plasmodium infection reduced the weight and size of tumors and decreased the expression of Ki67 in colon cancer-bearing mice. Furthermore, Plasmodium infection promoted mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells, as evidenced by the increased proportion of TUNEL-positive cells, the upregulated expression of Bax, caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, and the downregulated expression of Bcl-2 protein. In colon cancer cells, we found destroyed cell nuclei, swollen mitochondria, missing cristae, and a decreased number of autolysosomes. In addition, Plasmodium infection disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy through the reduced expression of PGC-1α, PINK1, and Parkin proteins in colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Plasmodium infection can play an anti-colon cancer role in mice by inhibiting proliferation and promoting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells, which may relate to mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yujie Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Li Lu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanxia Xu
- Clinical Medical Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chuanqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Dianyi Chen
- Clinical Medical Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Kexue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingxiang Xu
- Clinical Medical Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Runqi Fang
- Clinical Medical Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiangyan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China. .,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China. .,School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
| | - Zhiyong Tao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China. .,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
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Zhu T, Cen Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wang J, Lu W, Xie X, Wang X. Oncogenic circTICRR suppresses autophagy via binding to HuR protein and stabilizing GLUD1 mRNA in cervical cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:479. [PMID: 35595754 PMCID: PMC9122915 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are critical regulators in the occurrence and development of numerous cancers, in which abnormal autophagy plays a key role. However, the potential involvement of circRNAs in autophagy is largely unknown. Here, we identified the overexpression of circTICRR, a circular RNA, in cervical cancer. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of circTICRR activated autophagy, and consequently promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in cervical cancer cells, and vice versa. CircTICRR interacted with HuR protein via binding to F287/F289 in the RRM3 domain of HuR, stabilizing GLUD1 mRNA and elevating the level of GLUD1 protein. In vivo experiments revealed that knockdown of circTICRR suppressed the growth of transplanted tumors. An inhibitory peptide specific to the binding site between circTICRR and HuR protein promoted autophagy, induced apoptosis, suppressed proliferation in cervical cancer cells, and inhibited the growth of xenografts. Our findings suggest that circTICRR acts as an oncogene in cervical cancer and the interaction between circTICRR and HuR protein may be a potential target in cervical cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjia Zhu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XWomen’s Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China
| | - Yixuan Cen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XWomen’s Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhuoye Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XWomen’s Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China
| | - Lu Zhao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XWomen’s Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Xing Xie
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XWomen’s Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XWomen’s Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China
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Li Z, Si W, Jin W, Yuan Z, Chen Y, Fu L. Targeting autophagy in colorectal cancer: An update on pharmacological small-molecule compounds. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2373-2385. [PMID: 35589015 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily highly conserved cellular degradation process, plays the Janus role (either cytoprotective or death-promoting) in colorectal cancer, so the targeting of several key autophagic pathways with small-molecule compounds may be a new therapeutic strategy. In this review, we discuss autophagy-associated cell death pathways and key cytoprotective autophagy pathways in colorectal cancer. Moreover, we summarize a series of small-molecule compounds that have the potential to modulate autophagy-associated cell death or cytoprotective autophagy for therapeutic purposes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the Janus role of autophagy in colorectal cancer, and shed new light on the exploitation of a growing number of small-molecule compounds to target autophagy in future cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wen Si
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Limited, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wenke Jin
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhaoxin Yuan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Zhang J, Sheng S, Wang W, Dai J, Zhong Y, Ren J, Jiang K, Li S, Bian X, Liu L. Molecular Mechanisms of Iron Mediated Programmed Cell Death and Its Roles in Eye Diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 9:844757. [PMID: 35495915 PMCID: PMC9038536 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.844757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a newly identified, iron-dependent type of programmed cell death, is active in several diseases, such as heart disease, brain damage, and cancer. Its main characteristics commonly involve excess iron accumulation, elevated lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species, and reduced levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 levels. The effects of ferroptosis in eye diseases cannot be underestimated, with ferroptosis becoming a research target in ocular disorders and emerging evidence from a series of in vivo and in vitro researches into ferroptosis revealing its role in eye conditions. However, no report provides comprehensive information on the pathophysiology of ferroptosis in eye diseases and its possible treatments. In the current review, we present an up-to-date overview of ferroptosis biology and its involvement in the pathological processes of ocular diseases. Furthermore, we pose several outstanding questions and areas for future research in this topic. We deem ferroptosis-associated cell death a pivotal new field of scientific study in ocular diseases and consider it a new therapeutic target in the treatment of some eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Shuai Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jiazhen Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiantao Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Keke Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Shuchan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bian
- Department of Ocular Surface, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital, Boatou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Lin C, Hu R, Sun F, Liang W. Ferroptosis-based molecular prognostic model for adrenocortical carcinoma based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24465. [PMID: 35500219 PMCID: PMC9169198 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to find ferroptosis‐related genes linked to clinical outcomes of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and assess the prognostic value of the model. Methods We downloaded the mRNA sequencing data and patient clinical data of 78 ACC patients from the TCGA data portal. Candidate ferroptosis‐related genes were screened by univariate regression analysis, machine‐learning least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO). A ferroptosis‐related gene‐based prognostic model was constructed. The effectiveness of the prediction model was accessed by KM and ROC analysis. External validation was done using the GSE19750 cohort. A nomogram was generated. The prognostic accuracy was measured and compared with conventional staging systems (TNM stage). Functional analysis was conducted to identify biological characterization of survival‐associated ferroptosis‐related genes. Results Seventy genes were identified as survival‐associated ferroptosis‐related genes. The prognostic model was constructed with 17 ferroptosis‐related genes including STMN1, RRM2, HELLS, FANCD2, AURKA, GABARAPL2, SLC7A11, KRAS, ACSL4, MAPK3, HMGB1, CXCL2, ATG7, DDIT4, NOX1, PLIN4, and STEAP3. A RiskScore was calculated for each patient. KM curve indicated good prognostic performance. The AUC of the ROC curve for predicting 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐ year(s) survival time was 0.975, 0.913, and 0.915 respectively. The nomogram prognostic evaluation model showed better predictive ability than conventional staging systems. Conclusion We constructed a prognosis model of ACC based on ferroptosis‐related genes with better predictive value than the conventional staging system. These efforts provided candidate targets for revealing the molecular basis of ACC, as well as novel targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruofei Hu
- Lifestyle Supporting Technologies Group, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - FangFang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Deciphering a Novel Necroptosis-Related miRNA Signature for Predicting the Prognosis of Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:2721005. [PMID: 35509814 PMCID: PMC9061065 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2721005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histological and devastating subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that causes prominent inflammatory responses. miRNAs play a significant role in cancer progression through necroptosis. However, the prognostic value of necroptosis-related miRNAs remains ambiguous. In this study, 39 necroptosis-related miRNAs (NRMs) were extracted and 17 differentially expressed NRMs between normal and tumor samples were identified using data form The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). After applying univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and LASSO Cox regression model, six necroptosis-related miRNA signatures were identified in the training cohort and their expression levels were verified by qRT-PCR. Using the expression levels of these miRNAs, all patients were divided into the high- and low-risk groups. Patients in the high-risk group showed poor overall survival (P < 0.0001). Time-dependent ROC curves confirmed the good performance of our signature. The results were verified in the testing cohort and the entire TCGA cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models demonstrated that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Additionally, a predictive nomogram with good performance was constructed to enhance the implementation of the constructed signature in a clinical setting. We then employed miRBD, miRTarBase, and TargetScan to predict the target genes of six necroptosis-related miRNAs. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses indicated that 392 potential target genes were enriched in cell proliferation-related biological processes. Six miRNAs and 59 differentially expressed target genes were used to construct an miRNA–mRNA interaction network, and 11 hub genes were selected for survival and tumor infiltration analysis. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed potential drugs that may contribute to cancer management. Hence, necroptosis-related genes play an important role in cancer biology. We developed, for the first time, a necroptosis-related miRNA signature to predict ccRCC prognosis.
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Liao M, Qin R, Huang W, Zhu HP, Peng F, Han B, Liu B. Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) with small-molecule compounds in triple-negative breast cancer: a revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 35414025 PMCID: PMC9006445 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of human breast cancer with one of the worst prognoses, with no targeted therapeutic strategies currently available. Regulated cell death (RCD), also known as programmed cell death (PCD), has been widely reported to have numerous links to the progression and therapy of many types of human cancer. Of note, RCD can be divided into numerous different subroutines, including autophagy-dependent cell death, apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and anoikis. More recently, targeting the subroutines of RCD with small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy, which has rapidly progressed in the treatment of TNBC. Therefore, in this review, we focus on summarizing the molecular mechanisms of the above-mentioned seven major RCD subroutines related to TNBC and the latest progress of small-molecule compounds targeting different RCD subroutines. Moreover, we further discuss the combined strategies of one drug (e.g., narciclasine) or more drugs (e.g., torin-1 combined with chloroquine) to achieve the therapeutic potential on TNBC by regulating RCD subroutines. More importantly, we demonstrate several small-molecule compounds (e.g., ONC201 and NCT03733119) by targeting the subroutines of RCD in TNBC clinical trials. Taken together, these findings will provide a clue on illuminating more actionable low-hanging-fruit druggable targets and candidate small-molecule drugs for potential RCD-related TNBC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.,Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Zhang J, Guo ZY, Shao CL, Zhang XQ, Cheng F, Zou K, Chen JF. Nigrosporins B, a Potential Anti-Cervical Cancer Agent, Induces Apoptosis and Protective Autophagy in Human Cervical Cancer Ca Ski Cells Mediated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:2431. [PMID: 35458629 PMCID: PMC9033138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nigrosporins B, an anthraquinone derivative obtained from the secondary metabolites of marine fungus Nigrospora oryzae. In this study, we characterized the distinctive anti-cancer potential of Nigrosporins B in vitro and underlying molecular mechanisms in human cervical cancer Ca Ski cells for the first time. The results of MTT assay showed that Nigrosporins B significantly inhibited the proliferation of multiple tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner, especially for the Ca Ski cells with an IC50 of 1.24 µM. Nigrosporins B exerted an apoptosis induction effect on Ca Ski cells as confirmed by flow cytometry, AO/EB dual fluorescence staining, mitochondrial membrane potential analysis and western blot assay. In addition, Nigrosporins B induced obvious autophagy accompanied with the increase of autophagic vacuoles and the acceleration of autophagic flux as indicated by Cyto-ID staining, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus transfection and western blot analysis. Interestingly, the combination of Nigrosporins B with the three autophagy inhibitors all significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of Nigrosporins B on Ca Ski cells, indicating that the autophagy induced by Nigrosporins B might protect Ca Ski cells from death. Furthermore, we found that Nigrosporins B inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, mTOR molecules and increased the protein expression levels of PTEN and p-AMPKα in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that Nigrosporins B induced apoptosis and protective autophagy through the suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Together, these findings revealed the anti-cervical cancer effect of Nigrosporins B and the underlying mechanism of action in Ca Ski cells, it might be as a promising alternative therapeutic agent for human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.-Y.G.); (X.-Q.Z.); (F.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zhi-Yong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.-Y.G.); (X.-Q.Z.); (F.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.-Y.G.); (X.-Q.Z.); (F.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Fan Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.-Y.G.); (X.-Q.Z.); (F.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.-Y.G.); (X.-Q.Z.); (F.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.-Y.G.); (X.-Q.Z.); (F.C.); (K.Z.)
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Huang W, Li G, He XH, Li HP, Zhao Q, Li DA, Zhu HP, Zhang YH, Zhan G. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tetrahydro-αcarbolines as Akt1 inhibitors that inhibit colorectal cancer cells proliferation. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200104. [PMID: 35355421 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of densely functionalized THαCs were designed and synthesized as Akt1 inhibitors. Organocatalytic [3+3] annulation between indolin-2-imines 1 and nitroallylic acetates 2 provided rapid access to this pharmacologically interesting framework. In vitro kinase inhibitory abilities and cytotoxicity assays revealed that compound 3af was the most potent Akt1 inhibitor, and mechanistic study indicated that compound 3af suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells via inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Molecular docking suggested that the indole fragment of 3af was inserted into the hydrophobic pocket of Akt1 protein, and the H-bond between 3af and residue Lys179 also contributed to the stable binding. This article provides an efficient strategy to design and synthesize biologically important compounds as novel Akt1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, 1166 Liu Tai Av., 610000, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Guo Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
| | - He-Ping Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
| | - Qian Zhao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, 610000, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Dong-Ai Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
| | - Yue-Hua Zhang
- Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, CHINA
| | - Gu Zhan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
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Shen S, Wang R, Qiu H, Li C, Wang J, Xue J, Tang Q. Development of an Autophagy-Based and Stemness-Correlated Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Bulk and Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:743910. [PMID: 34820373 PMCID: PMC8606524 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.743910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has proved that autophagy serves as a tumor promoter in formed malignancies, and the autophagy-related prognostic signatures have been constructed as clinical tools to predict prognosis in many high-mortality cancers. Autophagy-related genes have participated in the development and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the understanding of their prognostic value is limited. Thereafter, LIMMA and survival analysis were conducted in both ICGC and TCGA databases and a total of 10 hub autophagy-related genes, namely, NPC1, CDKN2A, RPTOR, SPHK1, HGS, BIRC5, SPNS1, BAK1, ATIC, and MAPK3, were collected. Then, GO, KEGG, correlation, consensus, and PCA analyses were utilized to reveal their potential targeted role in HCC treatment. Single-cell RNA-seq of cancer stem cells also indicated that there was a positive correlation between these genes and stemness. In parallel, we applied univariate, LASSO, and multivariate regression analyses to study the autophagy-related genes and finally proposed that ATIC and BIRC5 were the valuable prognostic indicators of HCC. The signature based on ATIC and BIRC5 exhibited moderate power for predicting the survival of HCC in the ICGC cohort, and its efficacy was further validated in the TCGA cohort. Taken together, we suggested that 10 aforementioned hub genes are promising therapeutic targets of HCC and the ATIC/BIRC5 prognostic signature is a practical prognostic indicator for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghe Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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ATG 4B Serves a Crucial Role in RCE-4-Induced Inhibition of the Bcl-2-Beclin 1 Complex in Cervical Cancer Ca Ski Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212302. [PMID: 34830185 PMCID: PMC8617943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RCE-4, a steroidal saponin isolated from Reineckia carnea, has been studied previously and has exhibited promising anti-cervical cancer properties by inducing programmed cell death (PCD) of Ca Ski cells. Considering the cancer cells developed various pathways to evade chemotherapy-induced PCD, there is, therefore, an urgent need to further explore the potential mechanisms underlying its actions. The present study focused on targeting the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 complex, which is known as the key regulator of PCD, to deeply elucidate the molecular mechanism of RCE-4 against cervical cancer. The effects of RCE-4 on the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 complex were investigated by using the co-immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, autophagy-related genes (ATG) were also analyzed due to their special roles in PCD. The results demonstrated that RCE-4 inhibited the formation of the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 complex in Ca Ski cells via various pathways, and ATG 4B proteins involved in this process served as a key co-factor. Furthermore, based on the above, the sensitivity of RCE-4 to Ca Ski cells was significantly enhanced by inhibiting the expression of the ATG 4B by applying the ATG 4B siRNA plasmid.
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Targeting Ferroptosis: Pathological Mechanism and Treatment of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1587922. [PMID: 34745412 PMCID: PMC8568519 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1587922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a pathological process that occurs in many organs and diseases. Reperfusion, recovery of blood flow, and reoxygenation often lead to reperfusion injury. Drug therapy and early reperfusion therapy can reduce tissue injury and cell necrosis caused by ischemia, leading to irreversible I/R injury. Ferroptosis was clearly defined in 2012 as a newly discovered iron-dependent, peroxide-driven, nonapoptotic form of regulated cell death. Ferroptosis is considered the cause of reperfusion injury. This discovery provides new avenues for the recognition and treatment of diseases. Ferroptosis is a key factor that leads to I/R injury and organ failure. Given the important role of ferroptosis in I/R injury, there is considerable interest in the potential role of ferroptosis as a targeted treatment for a wide range of I/R injury-related diseases. Recently, substantial progress has been made in applying ferroptosis to I/R injury in various organs and diseases. The development of ferroptosis regulators is expected to provide new opportunities for the treatment of I/R injury. Herein, we analytically review the pathological mechanism and targeted treatment of ferroptosis in I/R and related diseases from the perspectives of myocardial I/R injury, cerebral I/R injury, and ischemic renal injury.
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Lu D, Guo Y, Hu Y, Wang M, Li C, Gangrade A, Chen J, Zheng Z, Guo J. Fusion of apoptosis-related protein Cytochrome c with anti-HER-2 single-chain antibody targets the suppression of HER-2+ breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10638-10649. [PMID: 34697906 PMCID: PMC8581304 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has gradually developed from toxic chemotherapy to targeted therapy with fewer side effects. Approximately 30% of breast cancer patients overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2). Previous studies have successfully produced single-chain antibodies (scFv) targeting HER-2+ breast cancer; however, scFv have poor stability, easy aggregation and a shorter half-life, which have no significant effect on targeting therapy. Moreover, scFv has been considered as a drug delivery platform that can kill target cells by effector molecules. However, the functional killing domains of immunotoxins are mainly derived from plant or bacterial toxins, which have a large molecular weight, low tissue permeability and severe side effects. To address these concerns, we designed several apoptotic immune molecules to replace exogenous toxins using endogenous apoptosis-related protein DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) and tandem-repeat Cytochrome c base on caspase-3 responsive peptide (DEVD). Our results suggest that DFF40 or Cytc fusion scFv specifically targets HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3 and BT-474) rather than HER-2 negative cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). Following cellular internalization, apoptosis-related proteins inhibited tumour activity by initiating endogenous apoptosis pathways, which significantly reduced immunogenicity and toxic side effects. Therefore, we suggest that immunoapoptotic molecules may become potential drugs for targeted immunotherapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- DanDan Lu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - YiChen Guo
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - YunFeng Hu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Abhishek Gangrade
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - JiaHui Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - ZiHui Zheng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Eshghifar N, Rouhollah F, Barikrow N, Pouresmaeili F, Taheri M. The role of long noncoding RNAs in patients with Luminal A invasive breast ductal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 227:153645. [PMID: 34678601 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women around the world. The molecular mechanisms of this heterogeneous disease have been extensively investigated; but yet; It requires a lot of sensitive and specific markers for prognosis and early detection approaches. Non-protein coding RNAs known as lncRNAs have been reported in tumorigenic involvement so they can be used for therapeutic purposes. In the present study, the expression levels of CCAT1, PDCD4, PDCD4-AS1, and MEG3 LncRNA in adjacent tumor and breast tissue in 88 Iranian patients were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. CCAT1 was significantly expressed and PDCD4-AS1 decreased in tumor samples, PDCD4 and PDCD4-AS1 showed a positive correlation with each other, higher levels of PDCD4-AS1 were associated with better survival, tumor samples showed lower levels of PDCD4 in Showed comparisons with normal tissue. Our findings suggest that lncRNAs play an important role in controlling gene expression after transcription of major tumor suppressors or carcinogenic genes, leading to the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In conclusion, this study investigated the prognostic role of lncRNA in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Eshghifar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Barikrow
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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MCDB: A comprehensive curated mitotic catastrophe database for retrieval, protein sequence alignment, and target prediction. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3092-3104. [PMID: 34729303 PMCID: PMC8546929 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe (MC) is a form of programmed cell death induced by mitotic process disorders, which is very important in tumor prevention, development, and drug resistance. Because rapidly increased data for MC is vigorously promoting the tumor-related biomedical and clinical study, it is urgent for us to develop a professional and comprehensive database to curate MC-related data. Mitotic Catastrophe Database (MCDB) consists of 1214 genes/proteins and 5014 compounds collected and organized from more than 8000 research articles. Also, MCDB defines the confidence level, classification criteria, and uniform naming rules for MC-related data, which greatly improves data reliability and retrieval convenience. Moreover, MCDB develops protein sequence alignment and target prediction functions. The former can be used to predict new potential MC-related genes and proteins, and the latter can facilitate the identification of potential target proteins of unknown MC-related compounds. In short, MCDB is such a proprietary, standard, and comprehensive database for MC-relate data that will facilitate the exploration of MC from chemists to biologists in the fields of medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, bioinformatics, oncology and so on. The MCDB is distributed on http://www.combio-lezhang.online/MCDB/index_html/.
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Key Words
- Data mining
- Database
- GO, Gene Ontology
- IUPAC, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- InChI Key, International Chemical Identifier hash
- InChI, International Chemical Identifier
- MC, Mitotic Catastrophe
- MCDB, Mitotic Catastrophe Database
- Mitotic catastrophe
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PMID, PubMed identifier
- Protein sequence analysis
- PubChem, Public Chemistry
- PubMed, Public Medicine
- SMILES, Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification
- Target prediction
- UniProt, Universal Protein Resource
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Identifying Active Compounds and Mechanism of Camellia nitidissima Chi on Anti-Colon Cancer by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7169211. [PMID: 34484402 PMCID: PMC8413042 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7169211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Camellia nitidissima Chi (CNC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with anticancer property. However, its underlying mechanisms of anti-colon cancer (CC) remain unknown. Therefore, a systematic approach is proposed in the present study to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of CNC based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Initially, the potential active ingredients of CNC were verified via the TCMSP database based on the oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL) terms. Hub targets of CNC were acquired from SwissTarget prediction and TCMSP databases, and target genes related to CC were gathered from GeneCards and OMIM databases. Cytoscape was used to establish the compound-target networks. Next, the hub target genes collected from the CNC and CC were parsed via GO and KEGG analysis. Results of GO and KEGG analysis reveal that quercetin and luteolin in CNC, VEGFA and AKT1 targets, and PI3K-Akt pathway were associated with the suppression of CC. Besides, the result of molecular docking unveils that VEGFA demonstrates the most powerful binding affinity among the binding outcomes. This finding was successfully validated using in vitro HCT116 cell model experiment. In conclusion, this study proved the usefulness of integrating network pharmacology with in vitro experiments in the elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms of TCM.
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Xiao Y, Li F, Zheng A, Chen Q, Chen F, Cheng X, Tao Z. Ginkgolic Acid Suppresses Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Growth by Inducing Apoptosis and Inhibiting AKT/NF-κB Signaling. J Med Food 2021; 24:806-816. [PMID: 34382859 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not common worldwide, it is a major public health burden in endemic areas. Distant metastasis often leads to a poor prognosis for NPC; therefore, new and effective anticancer strategies are needed. Ginkgolic acid (GA) is small-molecule compound existing in Ginkgo biloba that has various biologically relevant activities, including antitumor properties; however, its effects and mechanism of action in NPC are unknown. The effects of GA on NPC and such underlying mechanisms were investigated using 5-8F and CNE2 cells and NP69 human immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in this study. Moreover, the xenograft models were built to examine GA's effection in vivo. GA treatment decreased the survival and invasive capacity of 5-8F and CNE2 and induced their apoptosis, which varied with dose; this was accompanied by downregulation of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)2, upregulation of Bcl2-associated X protein, and activation of poly-ADP ribose polymerase, and caspase-9/-3. G0/G1 phase arrest was induced by GA in NPCs. It also reduced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 and its regulators cyclin D2 and cyclin D3. GA inhibited the activation of protein kinase B/nuclear factor signaling; this effect was potentiated with GA and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which also enhanced 5-FU-induced apoptosis. In summary, GA may be effective as an adjuvant to conventional chemotherapy drugs in preventing the progression of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anyuan Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibing Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuhai Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yuan S, Liang X, He W, Liang M, Jin J, He Q. ATF4-dependent heme-oxygenase-1 attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inducing autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis in podocyte. Ren Fail 2021; 43:968-979. [PMID: 34157937 PMCID: PMC8231401 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1936040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Podocyte injury plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy (DN), yet the underlying molecular mechanisms of podocyte injury in DN is not clear. Here, we investigated the role of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and HO-1 in DN-induced podocyte injury. METHODS Protein expression was measured by western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence. Cellular apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry. ATF4 siRNA knockdown and HO-1 overexpression in podocyte were employed to evaluate the role of ER stress in DN-induced apoptosis and autophagy response. Urinary protein levels, nephrin expression, serum creatinine and BUN were evaluated and glomerulosclerosis was quantified by Periodic Acid-Schiff staining. RESULTS Expression of ATF4 was increased in podocytes exposed to serum from DN mice. ATF4 knockdown enhanced DN-induced podocyte apoptosis. HO-1 overexpression reduced the decline of DN-induced podocyte autophagy and inhibited apoptosis and the beneficial effects of HO-1 overexpression in DN were blocked by ATF4 knockdown. The diabetic mice were significantly ameliorated by HO-1 agonist hemin treatment. CONCLUSIONS ATF4 induces autophagy by enhancing the expression of HO-1, and inhibits podocyte apoptosis in DN. Treatment with the HO-1 agonist reduced proteinuria, apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy response, and thus improved renal function in DN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhu Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou,P.R. China.,Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Liang
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang He
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Liang
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, Affiliated Lin'an People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Mu J, Xie X, Xiong S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Zhu H, Huang W, He G. Discovery of spirooxindole–ferrocene hybrids as novel MDM2 inhibitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Curcumin Targets Both Apoptosis and Necroptosis in Acidity-Tolerant Prostate Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8859181. [PMID: 34095313 PMCID: PMC8164543 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8859181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Curcumin, a major bioactive curcuminoid derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is known to have anticancer potential and is still under investigation. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanism(s) of curcumin against acidity-tolerant prostate cancer PC-3AcT cells in lactic acid-containing medium. Methods Using 2D-monolyer and 3D spheroid culture models, MTT assay, annexin V-PE binding assay, flow cytometric analysis, measurement of ATP content, and Western blot analysis were used for this study. Results At nontoxic concentrations in normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 and HPrEC cells, curcumin led to strong cytotoxicity in PC-3AcT cells, including increases in sub-G0/G1 peak, annexin V-PE-positive cells, and ROS levels; loss of mitochondrial membrane potential; reduction of cellular ATP content; DNA damage; and concurrent induction of apoptosis and necroptosis. A series of changes induced by curcumin were effectively reversed by reducing ROS levels or replenishing ATP. Pretreatment with apoptosis inhibitor Q-VD-Oph-1 or necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 restored cell viability inhibited by curcumin. Treatment of 3D spheroids with curcumin decreased cell viability, accompanied by an increase in mediators of apoptosis and necroptosis, including cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, phospho (p)-RIP3, and p-MLKL proteins. Conclusion This study shows that curcumin simultaneously induces apoptosis and necroptosis by oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent ATP depletion, providing a mechanistic basis for understanding the novel role of curcumin for prostate carcinoma cells.
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Han T, Zhou Y, Li D. Relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and depression via online database analysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1689-1697. [PMID: 33960267 PMCID: PMC8806243 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1921552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There may be a mutually reinforcing relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and depression, but the mechanism is unknown. This study used bioinformatics to evaluate the relationship between HCC and depression at the genetic level. Genes associated with HCC and depression were obtained from pubmed2ensemble. Overlapping genes were annotated by gene ontology (GO) function and enriched by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway. The cluster-1 genes obtained by Cytoscape were analyzed by GEPIA for expression and overall survival in HCC and, finally, introduced target genes to DGIdb to get associated drugs. A total of 199 genes were found to be in common between HCC and depression. GO term enrichment analysis on DAVID found the top-6 biological processes to be mainly associated with cell death and apoptosis. The top-6 cellular component terms are extracellular. The top-6 of molecular function terms are mainly associated with receptor binding. The top-6 pathways enriched by KEGG are mainly related to inflammatory response. IGF1, VEGFA, and SERPINE1 had statistical differences in expression and 10-year survival rate. There are total 45 drugs that act on VEGFA and SERPINE1. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that the mechanism of the interaction between HCC and depression may be related to cell death or apoptosis. Further studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Han
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Clinical laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Li
- Clinical laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of nitroisoxazole-containing spiro[pyrrolidin-oxindole] derivatives as novel glutathione peroxidase 4/mouse double minute 2 dual inhibitors that inhibit breast adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113359. [PMID: 33725632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of highly active CF3-containing 3'-(nitroisoxazole)spiro[pyrrolidin-3,2'-oxindoles] were synthesized and found to be novel glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)/mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) dual inhibitors. Bioactive spirooxindole and isoxazole skeletons were combined, and the resulting compounds exhibited strong activities against both targets. In particular, compound 3d displayed excellent activity in the suppression of MDM2-mediated degradation of p53, as well as levels of GPX4, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, 3d also exhibited inhibitory effects on MDM2 and GPX4 in MCF-7 xenograft model to trigger ferroptotic and apoptotic cell death in in vivo experiments, which was consistent with the results of in vitro experiments.
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