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Conley HE, Sheats MK. Targeting Neutrophil β 2-Integrins: A Review of Relevant Resources, Tools, and Methods. Biomolecules 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371473 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important innate immune cells that respond during inflammation and infection. These migratory cells utilize β2-integrin cell surface receptors to move out of the vasculature into inflamed tissues and to perform various anti-inflammatory responses. Although critical for fighting off infection, neutrophil responses can also become dysregulated and contribute to disease pathophysiology. In order to limit neutrophil-mediated damage, investigators have focused on β2-integrins as potential therapeutic targets, but so far these strategies have failed in clinical trials. As the field continues to move forward, a better understanding of β2-integrin function and signaling will aid the design of future therapeutics. Here, we provide a detailed review of resources, tools, experimental methods, and in vivo models that have been and will continue to be utilized to investigate the vitally important cell surface receptors, neutrophil β2-integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh E Conley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integrins are a family of 24 cell adhesion receptors that play a role in the biggest unmet needs in medicine - cardiovascular disease, immunology and cancer. Their discovery promised huge potential for the pharmaceutical industry. Areas covered. Over 35-years since their discovery, there is little to show for the hundreds of billions of dollars of investment in anti-integrin drug discovery programmes. In this review the author discusses the reasons for the failure of this promising class of drugs and the future for this class of drugs. Expert opinion. Within 10-years, there was a plethora of potent, specific anti-integrin molecules and since their discovery, many of these agents have entered clinical trials. The success in discovering these agents was due to recently discovered monoclonal antibody technology. The integrin-recognition domain Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) provided the basis for discovering small molecule inhibitors to integrins - both cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics. Most agents failed in the Phase III clinical trials and those agents that did make it to the market were plagued with issues of toxicity and limited efficacy and were soon replaced with non-integrin targeting agents. Their failure was due to a combination of poor pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, complicated by the complex pathophysiology of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Nording H, Baron L, Langer HF. Platelets as therapeutic targets to prevent atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang C, Zhao DX, Wang Q, Yu L, Li GH, Yang ZZ. A salt-bridge switch in the molecular recognition between RS receptor and RGD ligand from the ABEEM σπmolecular dynamics simulations. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1350660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong-Xia Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Liaoning Panjin Fine Chemical Industrial Park Administrative Committee, Panjin, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Zhong-Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Kamlet AS, Préville C, Farley KA, Piotrowski DW. Regioselective hydroarylations and parallel kinetic resolution of Vince lactam. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10607-10. [PMID: 23956102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two regioselective and complementary hydroarylation reactions of an unsymmetrical cyclic olefin have been developed. The products can be transformed in one step into constrained γ-amino acids. Regioselective arylation of Vince lactam is controlled by the choice of phosphine ligand enantiomer and the substituent on the amide nitrogen atom. The method was extended to a general regiodivergent parallel kinetic resolution of the racemic lactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Kamlet
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc. Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340 (USA).
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6
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Kamlet AS, Préville C, Farley KA, Piotrowski DW. Regioselective Hydroarylations and Parallel Kinetic Resolution of Vince Lactam. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Eldar-Boock A, Polyak D, Scomparin A, Satchi-Fainaro R. Nano-sized polymers and liposomes designed to deliver combination therapy for cancer. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:682-9. [PMID: 23726153 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The standard of care for cancer patients comprises more than one therapeutic agent. Treatment is complex since several drugs, administered by different routes, need to be coordinated, taking into consideration their side effects and mechanisms of resistance. Drug delivery systems (DDS), such as polymers and liposomes, are designed to improve the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of bioactive agents (drugs, proteins or oligonucleotides), while reducing systemic toxicity. Using DDS for co-delivery of several agents holds great potential since it targets simultaneously synergistic therapeutic agents increasing their selective accumulation at the tumor site and enhancing their activity allowing administration of lower doses of each agent, thus reducing their side effects. Taken together, implementation of smart DDS will hopefully result in increased patient's compliance and better outcome. This review will focus on the latest developments of combination therapy for cancer using DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Eldar-Boock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Thompson G, Mills SJ, Coope DJ, O'Connor JPB, Jackson A. Imaging biomarkers of angiogenesis and the microvascular environment in cerebral tumours. Br J Radiol 2012; 84 Spec No 2:S127-44. [PMID: 22433824 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/66316279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional contrast-enhanced CT and MRI are now in routine clinical use for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of diseases in the brain. The presence of contrast enhancement is a proxy for the pathological changes that occur in the normally highly regulated brain vasculature and blood-brain barrier. With recognition of the limitations of these techniques, and a greater appreciation for the nuanced mechanisms of microvascular change in a variety of pathological processes, novel techniques are under investigation for their utility in further interrogating the microvasculature of the brain. This is particularly important in tumours, where the reliance on angiogenesis (new vessel formation) is crucial for tumour growth, and the resulting microvascular configuration and derangement has profound implications for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. In addition, novel therapeutic approaches that seek to directly modify the microvasculature require more sensitive and specific biological markers of baseline tumour behaviour and response. The currently used imaging biomarkers of angiogenesis and brain tumour microvascular environment are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thompson
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester, UK
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Xiao S, Charonko JJ, Fu X, Salmanzadeh A, Davalos RV, Vlachos PP, Finkielstein CV, Capelluto DGS. Structure, sulfatide binding properties, and inhibition of platelet aggregation by a disabled-2 protein-derived peptide. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37691-702. [PMID: 22977233 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.385609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disabled-2 (Dab2) targets membranes and triggers a wide range of biological events, including endocytosis and platelet aggregation. Dab2, through its phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, inhibits platelet aggregation by competing with fibrinogen for α(IIb)β(3) integrin receptor binding. We have recently shown that the N-terminal region, including the PTB domain (N-PTB), drives Dab2 to the platelet membrane surface by binding to sulfatides through two sulfatide-binding motifs, modulating the extent of platelet aggregation. The three-dimensional structure of a Dab2-derived peptide encompassing the sulfatide-binding motifs has been determined in dodecylphosphocholine micelles using NMR spectroscopy. Dab2 sulfatide-binding motif contains two helices when embedded in micelles, reversibly binds to sulfatides with moderate affinity, lies parallel to the micelle surface, and when added to a platelet mixture, reduces the number and size of sulfatide-induced aggregates. Overall, our findings identify and structurally characterize a minimal region in Dab2 that modulates platelet homotypic interactions, all of which provide the foundation for rational design of a new generation of anti-aggregatory low-molecular mass molecules for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Xiao
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Dr., Rm. 2007, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Rice SL, Roney CA, Daumar P, Lewis JS. The next generation of positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals in oncology. Semin Nucl Med 2011; 41:265-82. [PMID: 21624561 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) is still the most widely used positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, there are a few well-known limitations to its use. The last decade has seen the development of new PET probes for in vivo visualization of specific molecular targets, along with important technical advances in the production of positron-emitting radionuclides and their related labeling methods. As such, a broad range of new PET tracers are in preclinical development or have recently entered clinical trials. The topics covered in this review include labeling methods, biological targets, and the most recent preclinical or clinical data of some of the next generation of PET radiopharmaceuticals. This review, which is by no means exhaustive, has been separated into sections related to the PET radionuclide used for radiolabeling: fluorine-18, for the labeling of agents such as FACBC, FDHT, choline, and Galacto-RGD; carbon-11, for the labeling of choline; gallium-68, for the labeling of peptides such as DOTATOC and bombesin analogs; and the long-lived radionuclides iodine-124 and zirconium-89 for the labeling of monoclonal antibodies cG250, and J591 and trastuzumab, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Rice
- Radiochemistry Service, Department of Radiology and Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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Abstract
Integrins and other cell adhesion molecules regulate numerous physiological and pathological mechanisms by mediating the interaction between cells and their extracellular environment. Although the significance of integrins in the evolution and progression of certain cancers is well recognized, their involvement in nonmalignant processes, such as organ fibrosis or inflammation, is only beginning to emerge. However, accumulating evidence points to an instrumental role of integrin-mediated signaling in a variety of chronic and acute noncancerous diseases, particularly of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Patsenker
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Phelan M, Kerins D. The potential role of milk-derived peptides in cardiovascular disease. Food Funct 2011; 2:153-67. [PMID: 21779574 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins are of particular interest to the food industry due to the potential functional and physiological roles that they demonstrate, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD). By 2020 it is estimated that heart disease and stroke will become the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute and chronic cardiovascular events may result from alterations in the activity of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and activation of the coagulation cascade and of platelets. Medications that inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are widely prescribed in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. ACE inhibitory peptides are of particular interest due to the presence of encrypted inhibitory peptide sequences. In particular, Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro are fore runners in ACE inhibition, and have been incorporated into commercial products. Additionally, studies to identify additional novel peptides with similar bio-activity and the ability to withstand digestion during transit through the gastrointestinal tract are ongoing. The potential sources of such peptides in cheese and other dairy products are discussed. Challenges to the bio-availability of such peptides in the gastro intestinal tract are also reviewed. Activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade play a central role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. Platelets from such patients show spontaneous aggregation and an increased sensitivity to agonists which results in vascular damage and endothelial dysfunction associated with CVD. Peptide sequences exhibiting anti-thrombotic activity have been identified from fermented milk products. Studies on such peptides are reviewed and their effects on platelet function are discussed. Finally the ability of food derived peptides to decrease the formation of blood clots (thrombi) is reviewed. In conclusion, due to the widespread nature of cardiovascular disease, the identification of food derived compounds that exhibit a beneficial effect in such widespread areas of CVD regulation will have strong clinical potential. Due to the perception that food derived products have an acceptable risk profile they have the potential for widespread acceptance by the public. In this review, selected biological effects relating to CVD are discussed with a view to providing essential information to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Phelan
- Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
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Eldar-Boock A, Miller K, Sanchis J, Lupu R, Vicent MJ, Satchi-Fainaro R. Integrin-assisted drug delivery of nano-scaled polymer therapeutics bearing paclitaxel. Biomaterials 2011; 32:3862-74. [PMID: 21376390 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a prominent role in cancer progression. Anti-angiogenic therapy therefore, either alone or in combination with conventional cytotoxic therapy, offers a promising therapeutic approach. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely-used potent cytotoxic drug that also exhibits anti-angiogenic effects at low doses. However, its use, at its full potential, is limited by severe side effects. Here we designed and synthesized a targeted conjugate of PTX, a polymer and an integrin-targeted moiety resulting in a polyglutamic acid (PGA)-PTX-E-[c(RGDfK)(2)] nano-scaled conjugate. Polymer conjugation converted PTX to a macromolecule, which passively targets the tumor tissue exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention effect, while extravasating via the leaky tumor neovasculature. The cyclic RGD peptidomimetic enhanced the effects previously seen for PGA-PTX alone, utilizing the additional active targeting to the α(v)β(3) integrin overexpressed on tumor endothelial and epithelial cells. This strategy is particularly valuable when tumors are well-vascularized, but they present poor vascular permeability. We show that PGA is enzymatically-degradable leading to PTX release under lysosomal acidic pH. PGA-PTX-E-[c(RGDfK)(2)] inhibited the growth of proliferating α(v)β(3)-expressing endothelial cells and several cancer cells. We also showed that PGA-PTX-E-[c(RGDfK)(2)] blocked endothelial cells migration towards vascular endothelial growth factor; blocked capillary-like tube formation; and inhibited endothelial cells attachment to fibrinogen. Orthotopic studies in mice demonstrated preferential tumor accumulation of the RGD-bearing conjugate, leading to enhanced anti-tumor efficacy and a marked decrease in toxicity as compared with free PTX-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Eldar-Boock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Abstract
The role of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in various pathological processes, including angiogenesis, thrombosis, inflammation, apoptosis, cell migration, and proliferation is well documented. These processes can lead to both acute and chronic disease states such as ocular diseases, metastasis, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, osteoporosis, a wide range of inflammatory diseases, vascular remodeling, and neurodegenerative disorders. A key success in this field was identification of the role of platelet glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa in the prevention and diagnosis of various thromboembolic disorders. The use of soluble adhesion molecules as potential diagnostic markers for acute and chronic leukocyte, platelet, and endothelial cell insult is becoming increasingly common. The development of various therapeutic and diagnostic candidates based on the key role of CAMs, with special emphasis on integrins in various diseases, as well as the structure-function aspects of cell adhesion and signaling of the different CAMs and ECM are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute at Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Barrett T, Ravizzini G, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Dendrimers in medical nanotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 28:12-22. [PMID: 19150767 DOI: 10.1109/memb.2008.931012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Barrett
- Molecular Imaging Program, NCI/NIH, Building 10, Room 1B40, MSC 1088, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
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Battistini L, Burreddu P, Carta P, Rassu G, Auzzas L, Curti C, Zanardi F, Manzoni L, Araldi EMV, Scolastico C, Casiraghi G. 4-Aminoproline-based arginine-glycine-aspartate integrin binders with exposed ligation points: practical in-solution synthesis, conjugation and binding affinity evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4924-35. [DOI: 10.1039/b914836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Boschelli DH. Inhibitors of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions as anti-inflammatory therapeutics - update. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.3.8.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Crenshaw BS, Harrington RA, Tcheng JE. Section Review: Cardiovascular & Renal: Novel antiplatelet agents: The glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.4.11.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chang LL, Yang GX, McCauley E, Mumford RA, Schmidt JA, Hagmann WK. Constraining the amide bond in N-Sulfonylated dipeptide VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1688-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zanardi F, Burreddu P, Rassu G, Auzzas L, Battistini L, Curti C, Sartori A, Nicastro G, Menchi G, Cini N, Bottonocetti A, Raspanti S, Casiraghi G. Discovery of Subnanomolar Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate-Based αVβ3/αVβ5 Integrin Binders Embedding 4-Aminoproline Residues. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1771-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701214z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Paola Burreddu
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Gloria Rassu
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Luciana Auzzas
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Claudio Curti
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Giuseppe Nicastro
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Gloria Menchi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Nicoletta Cini
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Anna Bottonocetti
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Silvia Raspanti
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
| | - Giovanni Casiraghi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 27A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy, Centro Interdipartimentale Misure “G. Casnati”, Università di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 23A, I-43100 Parma, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Dipartimento di
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Benfatti F, Cardillo G, Fabbroni S, Galzerano P, Gentilucci L, Juris R, Tolomelli A, Baiula M, Spartà A, Spampinato S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of non-peptide αvβ3/α5β1 integrin dual antagonists containing 5,6-dihydropyridin-2-one scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7380-90. [PMID: 17869121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Small constrained non-peptidic molecules consisting of a polyfunctionalized rigid core, carrying appendages corresponding to arginine and aspartic acid side chains, have been recently reported to be promising for drug development. In this work, the 5,6-dihydropyridin-2-one was envisaged as a scaffold to turn into potential integrin ligands, introducing a carboxylic acid and a basic appendage. The synthesis and the antiadhesion activity of a small library of peptidomimetics capable to recognize alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(5)beta(1) integrins has been herein reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fides Benfatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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23
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Lee BC, Sung HJ, Kim JS, Jung KH, Choe YS, Lee KH, Chi DY. Synthesis of Tc-99m labeled glucosamino-Asp-cyclic(Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Lys) as a potential angiogenesis imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7755-64. [PMID: 17890093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis imaging agents for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) play a role in diagnosing tumor-induced angiogenesis as well as tumor metastasis. We synthesized and evaluated radiolabeled RGD glycopeptides by incorporation of the [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)](+). (99m)Tc labeled glucosamino-D-c(RGDfK) ([(99m)Tc]2) was prepared in 90-93% radiochemical yields (decay corrected). In vitro cell binding assays demonstrated selective binding [(99m)Tc]2 to human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells, with inhibition of binding to 37.3% of control levels by 10 microM of cold authentic compounds. In addition, [(99m)Tc]2 was shown to have high binding affinity to purified alpha(v)beta(3) integrin (IC(50)=1.5 nM). These results suggest that these radiolabeled RGD glycopeptides may have value for non-invasive assessment of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Inchon 402-751, Republic of Korea
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24
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Mousa SA. Cell adhesion molecules: potential therapeutic & diagnostic implications. Mol Biotechnol 2007; 38:33-40. [PMID: 18095189 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-007-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) and extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) in various pathological processes including angiogenesis, thrombosis, apoptosis, cell migration & proliferation are well documented. These processes can lead to both acute and chronic disease states such as ocular diseases, metastasis, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, osteoporosis, a wide range of inflammatory diseases, vascular remodeling, and neurodegenerative disorders. A key success in this field is evident from the potential role of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa integrin in the prevention and diagnosis of various thromboembolic disorders. Additionally, the use of soluble adhesion molecules as potential diagnostic markers for acute and chronic leukocyte, platelet, and endothelial cellular insult are increasingly utilized. The development of various therapeutic and diagnostic candidates based on the key role of CAM, with special emphasis on integrins in various diseases as well as the structure-function aspects of cell adhesion and signaling of the different CAM and ECM are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, USA.
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25
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Knight LC, Romano JE, Cosenza SC, Iqbal NM, Marcinkiewicz C. Differences in binding of (99m)Tc-disintegrins to integrin alphavbeta3 on tumor and vascular cells. Nucl Med Biol 2007; 34:371-81. [PMID: 17499726 PMCID: PMC1986642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Disintegrins, which contain an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence in their binding domains are antagonists of integrins such as alphavbeta3. The purpose of this study was to compare a range of disintegrins with different integrin selectivities for their binding behavior in vitro to vascular endothelial cells bearing alphavbeta3 and to cultured tumor cells which express alphavbeta3. METHODS Five disintegrins (bitistatin, kistrin, flavoridin, VLO4 and echistatin) and a cyclic pentapeptide, c[RGDyK], were radiolabeled with (99m)Tc and tested for binding to cells in vitro. RESULTS (99m)Tc-Kistrin, flavoridin and VLO4 had the highest binding, (99m)Tc-echistatin had moderate binding, and (99m)Tc-bitistatin and (99m)Tc-c[RGDyK] had low binding to cells. The observed binding was attributed to alphavbeta3 to various extents: echistatin, bitistatin>kistrin>flavoridin>VLO4. Cancer cells internalized bound disintegrins after binding, but endothelial cells did not. After binding to endothelial cells, (99m)Tc-kistrin was not displaced by competing peptide or plasma proteins. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that radiolabeled kistrin, flavoridin and VLO4 may have advantages over labeled bitistatin and small cyclic peptides for targeting alphavbeta3 in vivo. Since receptor-bound radioligand is not internalized by endothelial cells, disintegrins may provide an advantage for targeting alphavbeta3 on vasculature because they bind strongly to surface receptors and are not readily displaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Knight
- Radiology Department, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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26
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Chang LL, Truong Q, Doss GA, MacCoss M, Lyons K, McCauley E, Mumford R, Forrest G, Vincent S, Schmidt JA, Hagmann WK. Highly constrained bicyclic VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:597-601. [PMID: 17118652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
VLA-4 is implicated in several inflammatory and autoimmune disease states. A series of cyclic beta-amino acids (beta-aa) was studied as VLA-4 antagonists. Binding affinity was highly dependent on the dihedral angle (phi) between the amino and the carboxyl termini of the beta-aa. Compound 5 m where the beta-aa is embedded in a bicycle possesses the most preferred phi (120 degrees). It is a potent and bioavailable VLA-4 antagonist (VCAM-Ig alpha4beta1 IC50 = 54 nM, rat po F = 49%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Aoki T, Harada K, Seki J, Tanaka A, Takasugi H, Motoyama Y. FK633: A Potent and Selective Platelet GPIIb/IIIa Antagonist. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.1999.tb00010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hoffmann S, He S, Jin M, Ehren M, Wiedemann P, Ryan SJ, Hinton DR. A selective cyclic integrin antagonist blocks the integrin receptors alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 and inhibits retinal pigment epithelium cell attachment, migration and invasion. BMC Ophthalmol 2005; 5:16. [PMID: 15987521 PMCID: PMC1184086 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-5-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a leading cause of blindness after failed retinal reattachment surgery. PVR is characterized by the proliferation, migration and contraction of retinal pigmented epithelial cells (RPE), and these cellular responses are influenced by the expression and function of integrin receptors. The effect of a cyclic integrin antagonist containing the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val (RGDfV), specific for the integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5, was investigated on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and serum induced human RPE proliferation, migration, invasion and attachment to the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the effects of bFGF and PDGF-BB regulated expression of integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 on RPE cells was examined. Methods The effect of a cyclic integrin antagonist and a control peptide (0.01 μg/ml to 300 μg/ml) was investigated on serum or cytokine (bFGF or PDGF-BB pretreatment) induced human fetal RPE cell proliferation by H3-thymidine uptake. The effect of the cyclic integrin antagonist on RPE cell attachment onto different extracellular matrices (laminin, collagen IV, fibronectin), RPE cell invasion stimulated by PDGF-BB or serum, and migration stimulated by PDGF-BB, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or serum was explored. PDGF-BB and bFGF modulation of the integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5 was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results The integrin antagonist did not inhibit DNA synthesis stimulated by serum, bFGF, or PDGF-BB treatment. RPE attachment onto fibronectin was inhibited in a concentration range of 1–10 μg/ml (p < 0.05). Attachment of the RPE cells onto collagen IV and laminin was inhibited in a range of 3–10 μg/ml (p < 0.05). Serum and PDGF-BB stimulated migration was inhibited by the cyclic integrin antagonist in a concentration range of 1–10 μg/ml (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the cyclic integrin antagonist inhibited PDGF-BB stimulated RPE cell invasion through fibronectin (3μg/ml: 66% inhibition, p < 0.001). In each of these experiments, the control peptides had no significant effects. PDGF-BB and bFGF pretreatment of RPE cells increased the expression of integrin receptors αvβ3 (bFGF: 1.9 fold, PDGF-BB: 2.3 fold) and αvβ5 (bFGF: 2.9 fold, PDGF-BB: 1.5 fold). Conclusion A selective inhibition of the integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5 through a cyclic integrin antagonist is able to inhibit RPE cell attachment, migration and invasion. Since these steps are of importance for the progression of PVR, a cyclic integrin antagonist should be further evaluated for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hoffmann
- Doheny Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California 1355 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles 90033, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 10–14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shikun He
- Doheny Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California 1355 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles 90033, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave HMR 209, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Manlin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave HMR 209, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Marianne Ehren
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil, University of Bochum, Department of Internal Medicine I, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 10–14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephen J Ryan
- Doheny Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California 1355 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles 90033, CA, USA
| | - David R Hinton
- Doheny Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California 1355 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles 90033, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave HMR 209, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Mousa SA. Integrins as novel drug discovery targets: potential therapeutic and diagnostic implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.4.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mousa SA. Cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins: potential therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 7:1159-71. [PMID: 15992022 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.7.7.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion plays a central role as a recognition system, guiding the interaction between individual cells, and thereby regulating many biological processes. Adhesion can occur via cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions through several major cell adhesion molecule (CAM) families, including selectins, integrins, immunoglobulins and cadherins. Recent studies have focused on the elucidation of adhesive ligands responsible for the different types of cellular adhesion. Significant breakthroughs in CAM research are a result of various developments, including the purification of various adhesive proteins from different tissue sources and cloned adhesion molecules, the generation of specific monoclonal antibodies, the development of functional assays and the identification of certain genetic disorders linked to CAM defects. This has led to an increased understanding of the importance of CAM as a key therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mousa
- DuPont Pharmaceutical Co., Wilmington, DE 19880-0400, USA
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31
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Fiorella D, Albuquerque FC, Han P, McDougall CG. Strategies for the Management of Intraprocedural Thromboembolic Complications with Abciximab (ReoPro). Neurosurgery 2004; 54:1089-97; discussion 1097-8. [PMID: 15113462 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000119351.86658.1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most complications related to endovascular neurointerventional procedures are thromboembolic. The objective of this study was to determine whether abciximab, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, is a safe and effective agent for the treatment of thromboembolic complications encountered during interventional neuroradiological procedures. METHODS A search of a prospectively maintained database identified 13 patients who were treated for intraprocedural thromboembolic complications with abciximab, either alone or in combination with tissue plasminogen activator, during a 22-month period. RESULTS Of the 13 patients in our series (10 with aneurysms, 3 with arteriovenous malformations), 12 presented with unsecured vascular lesions, and in 9 cases the lesions were either acutely (<10 d) or subacutely (<6 mo) hemorrhagic. After the identification of a thromboembolic complication, each patient was treated with either intra-arterial (n = 5) or intravenous (n = 8) abciximab. Abciximab was administered intravenously as a 0.25-mg/kg bolus (n = 2), a 0.25-mg/kg bolus followed by a 12-hour 0.125-microg/kg/min infusion (n = 5), or a 12-hour 0.125-microg/kg/min infusion alone (n = 1). Intra-arterial abciximab (3.5-10 mg) was administered directly through a microcatheter positioned in the vicinity of the thrombus (n = 5). Five patients also were administered alteplase. Complete (n = 7) or partial (n = 6) resolution of thrombus was observed in all cases. Five patients had small infarcts in the distribution of the thromboembolic complication. In no case was new or increased hemorrhaging observed after thrombolysis. CONCLUSION Abciximab (ReoPro), administered either intravenously or intra-arterially, is a viable option for the management of thromboembolic complications encountered during endovascular therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fiorella
- Departments of Neuroradiology and Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA
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Smallheer JM, Weigelt CA, Woerner FJ, Wells JS, Daneker WF, Mousa SA, Wexler RR, Jadhav PK. Synthesis and biological evaluation of nonpeptide integrin antagonists containing spirocyclic scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:383-7. [PMID: 14698164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of isoxazoline alpha(v)beta(3) antagonist 1 designed to further restrict the four carbon alkyl tether were prepared by incorporating two spirocyclic scaffolds, 1-oxa-2-azaspiro[4,5]dec-2-ene and 1-oxa-2,7-diazaspiro[4,4]non-2-ene. Additional optimization provided potent antagonists of both alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(5)beta(1) which are selective over GPIIb/IIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Smallheer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, PO Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543-5400, USA
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Stefanic P, Simoncic Z, Breznik M, Plavec J, Anderluh M, Addicks E, Giannis A, Kikelj D. Conformationally tailored N-[(2-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl)carbonyl]proline templates as molecular tools for the design of peptidomimetics. Design and synthesis of fibrinogen receptor antagonists. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:1511-7. [PMID: 15136808 DOI: 10.1039/b400490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proline peptide bond was shown by 2D proton NMR studies to exist exclusively in the trans conformation in benzyl (2S)-1-[[(2S)-2-methyl-6-nitro-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl]carbonyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate [(S,S)-11], benzyl (2S)-1-[[(2S)-2-methyl-7-nitro-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl]carbonyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate [(S,S)-9], and in the corresponding 6-amino and 7-amino carboxylic acids (S,S)-3 and (S,S)-4. On the other hand, the diastereomers (R,S)-11 and (R,S)-9 containing an (R)[2-methyl-6/7-nitro-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl]carbonyl moiety, and the diastereoisomers (R,S)-3 and (R,S)-4 incorporating an (R)[6/7-amino-2-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl]carbonyl moiety were found to exist as equilibria of trans(63-83%) and cis(17-37%) isomers. These conformationally defined templates were applied in the construction of RGD mimetics possessing antagonistic activity at the platelet fibrinogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Stefanic
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Gierow JP, Andersson S, Sjögren EC. Presence of alpha-and beta-integrin subunits in rabbit lacrimal gland acinar cells cultured on a laminin-rich matrix. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 506:59-63. [PMID: 12613889 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Peter Gierow
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden
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Kerr JS, Slee AM, Mousa SA. The alpha v integrin antagonists as novel anticancer agents: an update. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2002; 11:1765-74. [PMID: 12457436 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.11.12.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are involved in many cellular processes, including some pathological ones associated with various cancers, both solid tumours and metastases. Since integrins are involved in such critical processes as gene expression, which lead to cellular proliferation, migration, survival and angiogenesis, they represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The alpha(v)beta(3) integrin is one of the most widely studied integrins because it is one of the most promiscuous. Published studies provide compelling evidence that small molecule antagonists have the potential to treat both solid tumours and metastases, serve as diagnostic imaging agents and be used for site-directed delivery of drugs to solid tumours. The alpha(v)beta(3) integrin antagonists also inhibit blood vessel formation associated with tumour growth. Therapeutic candidates have included antibodies, cyclic peptides, peptidomimetics and small molecules. A number of potent small-molecule antagonists of the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin have now been identified and are progressing in the clinic. This review focuses on the role of alpha(v)beta(3) in cancer. The rationale for the development of the therapeutic and diagnostic candidates based on the key role of alpha(v)beta(3) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Kerr
- Enanta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
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Mousa SA. Anti-integrin as novel drug-discovery targets: potential therapeutic and diagnostic implications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2002; 6:534-41. [PMID: 12133730 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(02)00350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of integrin and extracellular matrix proteins in various pathological processes (including angiogenesis, thrombosis, apoptosis and cell migration and proliferation), leading to both acute and chronic disease states (e.g. ocular diseases, metastasis, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, osteoporosis, a wide range of inflammatory diseases, vascular remodeling and neurodegenerative disorders) has been recently documented. A key success in this field is evident from the potential role of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa (alphaIIbbeta3) integrin in the prevention, treatment and perhaps diagnosis of various thromboembolic disorders. Additionally, progress has been shown in the development of leukocyte alpha4beta1 antagonists for various inflammatory indications and alphav integrin antagonists for angiogenesis and vascular-related disorders. However, the exact modes of action of certain integrin antagonists are still not fully clear. Integrin antagonists in clinical or pre-clinical development are expected to be used as a stand-alone therapy or, better, as an adjunct to other pharmacotherapy, radiotherapy or interventional procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaker A Mousa
- Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3492, USA.
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Royo M, Farrera-Sinfreu J, Solé L, Albericio F. Four-dimensional orthogonal solid-phase synthesis of new scaffolds based on cyclic tetra-β-peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kling A, Backfisch G, Delzer J, Geneste H, Graef C, Holzenkamp U, Hornberger W, Lange UEW, Lauterbach A, Mack H, Seitz W, Subkowski T. Synthesis and SAR of N-substituted dibenzazepinone derivatives as novel potent and selective alpha(V)beta(3) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:441-6. [PMID: 11814816 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and SARs of new integrin alpha(V)beta(3) antagonists based on an N-substituted dibenzazepinone scaffold are described. Variation of spacer and guanidine mimetic led to potent compounds exhibiting an IC(50) towards alpha(V)beta(3) in the nanomolar range, high selectivity versus integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) and efficacy in functional cellular assays.
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Chang LL, Truong Q, Mumford RA, Egger LA, Kidambi U, Lyons K, McCauley E, Van Riper G, Vincent S, Schmidt JA, MacCoss M, Hagmann WK. The discovery of small molecule carbamates as potent dual alpha(4)beta(1)/alpha(4)beta(7) integrin antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:159-63. [PMID: 11755344 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) integrins are implicated in several inflammatory disease states. Systematic SAR studies of an alpha(4)beta(1)-specific arylsulfonyl-Pro-Tyr lead led to the identification of a new alpha(4)beta(7) binding site, best captured by O-carbamates of Tyr for this structural class. Several compounds showed a 200- to 400-fold improvement in alpha(4)beta(7) binding affinity while maintaining subnanomolar alpha(4)beta(1) activity, for example 2l, VCAM-Ig alpha(4)beta(1) IC(50)=0.13 nM, VCAM-Ig alpha(4)beta(7) IC(50)=1.92 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Chang
- Department of Basic Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Royo M, Van Den Nest W, del Fresno M, Frieden A, Yahalom D, Rosenblatt M, Chorev M, Albericio F. Solid-phase syntheses of constrained RGD scaffolds and their binding to the αvβ3 integrin receptor. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Webster TJ. Nanophase ceramics: The future orthopedic and dental implant material. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2377(01)27005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cox D, Smith R, Quinn M, Theroux P, Crean P, Fitzgerald DJ. Evidence of platelet activation during treatment with a GPIIb/IIIa antagonist in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36:1514-9. [PMID: 11079651 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was done to determine the role of partial agonist activity in the lack of effectiveness of the oral GPIIb/IIIa antagonist orbofiban. BACKGROUND Orbofiban, an oral GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, was found to increase the mortality of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the OPUS-TIMI-16 trial, despite the fact that it is a very potent anti-platelet agent and that IV agents have proven very effective. METHODS Patients (n = 520) with ACS were randomized to orbofiban 30 mg, 40 mg or 50 mg twice daily or 50 mg once daily or placebo. Platelet activity was assessed in 175 patients by examining GPIIb/IIIa receptor conformation, expression of CD63 antigen, and platelet aggregation. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of orbofiban at the highest dose (74 +/- 6 ng/ml peak, 61 +/- 5 ng/ml trough) exceeded the IC50 for platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (29 +/- 6 ng/ml) and thrombin-activating peptide (61 +/- 18 ng/ml). Orbofiban induced a conformational change in GPIIb/IIIa detected as the displacement of the monoclonal antibody mAb2; such conformational changes have been linked to partial agonist activity. Consistent with this, platelet expression of CD63 ex vivo was significantly increased at five time points during the study. In vitro, orbofiban increased platelet aggregation to a submaximal concentration of epinephrine (67 +/- 19% vs. 27 +/- 9%, n = 5) and increased thromboxane formation when the platelet GPIIb/IIIa were clustered using monoclonal antibodies to the receptor. CONCLUSIONS Orbofiban is both an antagonist and a partial agonist of platelet GPIIb/IIIa. At low concentrations of the drug, this partial agonist activity may enhance platelet aggregation. Along with suboptimal plasma drug levels, these findings may help explain the lack of efficacy seen with orbofiban in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cox
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin.
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Dutta AS, Gormley JJ, Coath M, Hassall L, Hayward CF, Gellert PR, Kittlety RS, Alcock PJ, Ferguson R, Halterman T, Jamieson A, Moors JA, Moores JM, Rees A, Wood LJ, Reilly CF, Haworth D. Potent cyclic peptide inhibitors of VLA-4 (alpha4beta1 integrin)-mediated cell adhesion. Discovery of compounds like cyclo(MePhe-Leu-Asp-Val-D-Arg-D-Arg) (ZD7349) compatible with depot formulation. J Pept Sci 2000; 6:398-412. [PMID: 10969869 DOI: 10.1002/1099-1387(200008)6:8<398::aid-psc270>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Additional structure-activity relationship studies on potent cyclic peptide inhibitors of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) are reported. The new N- to C-terminal cyclic hexa-, hepta- and octapeptide inhibitors like cyclo(MeIle/MePhe-Leu-Asp-Val-X) (X = 2-4 amino acids containing hydrophobic and/or basic side chains) were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis methods. The peptides were evaluated in in vitro cell adhesion assays and in in vivo inflammation models. Many of the peptides like cyclo(MePhe-Leu-Asp-Val-D-Arg-D-Arg) (ZD7349) (17), cyclo(MeIle-Leu-Asp-Val-D-Arg-D-Arg-D-Phe) (20), cyclo(MeIle-Leu-Asp-Val-D-Arg-D-Arg-MePhe) (21) and cyclo(MePhe-Leu-Asp-Val-D-Arg-D-Arg-D-Ala-D-Ala) (23) were potent inhibitors of VLA-4-mediated cell adhesion and inhibited ovalbumin-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in mice. The more potent compounds were highly selective and did not affect U937 cell adhesion to fibronectin (VLA-5), phorbolmyristate acetate or PMA-differentiated U937 cell adhesion to intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells (LFA-1) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation (GPIIb/IIIa). In contrast to the inhibitors like Ac-cyclo(D-Lys-D-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val) and cyclo(CH2CO-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-Pip-CH2CO-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-Pip) described earlier, the new compounds were much more compatible with the depot formulations based on poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) polymers. The hexapeptide cyclo(MePhe-Leu-Asp-Val-D-Arg-D-Arg) (ZD7349) (17) inhibited MOLT-4 cell adhesion to fibronectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) with IC50 values of 260 and 330 nM, respectively, and did not show any significant effect against other integrins (IC50 > 300 microM). ZD7349 inhibited ovalbumin-induced DTH response in mice when administered continuously using a mini-pump (ED50 0.01 mg/kg/day) or when given as an s.c. or i.v. bolus injection at a dose of 1-10 mg/kg. ZD7349 was also active in type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) tests at a dose of 3-10 mg/kg. The peptide was released from some formulations over a period of 10-20 days. ZD7349 is currently undergoing pre-clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Dutta
- AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.
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Dutta AS, Crowther M, Gormley JJ, Hassall L, Hayward CF, Gellert PR, Kittlety RS, Alcock PJ, Jamieson A, Moores JM, Rees A, Wood LJ, Reilly CF, Haworth D. Potent cyclic monomeric and dimeric peptide inhibitors of VLA-4 (alpha4beta1 integrin)-mediated cell adhesion based on the Ile-Leu-Asp-Val tetrapeptide. J Pept Sci 2000; 6:321-41. [PMID: 10946997 DOI: 10.1002/1099-1387(200007)6:7<321::aid-psc259>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Potent monomeric and dimeric cyclic peptide very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) inhibitors have been designed based on a tetrapeptide (Ile-Leu-Asp-Val) sequence present in a 25-amino acid peptide (CS-1) reported in the literature. The peptides, synthesized by the SPPS techniques, were evaluated in the in vitro cell adhesion assays and in the in vivo inflammation models. The N- to C-terminal cyclic peptides such as cyclo(Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-NH-(CH2)2-S-(CH2)2-CO) (28) and cyclo(MeIle-Leu-Asp-Val-D-Ala-D-Ala) (31), monomeric and dimeric peptides containing piperazine (Pip) or homopiperazine (hPip) residues as linking groups, e.g. cyclo(MeIle-Leu-Asp-Val-Pip-CH2CO-NH-(CH2)2-S-CH2-CO) (49) and cyclo(MeIle-Leu-Asp-Val hPip-CH2CO-MeIle-Leu-Asp-Val-hPip-CH2CO) (58) and cyclic peptides containing an amide bond between the side chain amino group of an amino acid such as Lys and the C-terminal Val carboxyl group, e.g. Ac-cyclo(D-Lys-D-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val) (62) and beta-Ala-cyclo(D-Lys-D-Leu-Leu-Asp-Val) (68) were more potent than CS-1 in inhibiting the adhesion of the VLA-4-expressing MOLT-4 cells to fibronectin. The more potent compounds were highly selective and did not affect U937 cell adhesion to fibronectin (VLA-5), PMA-differentiated U937 cell adhesion to intercellular cell adhesion molecule- 1-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells (LFA-1) and ADP-induced platelet aggregation (GPIIb/IIIa). A number of the more potent compounds inhibited ovalbumin-induced delayed type hypersensitivity in mice and some were 100-300 times more potent (ED50 = 0.003-0.009 mg/kg/day, s.c.) than CS-1. Two peptides, Ac-cyclo(D-Lys D-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val) (62) and cyclo(CH2CO-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-Pip-CH2CO-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-Pip) (55), were formulated in poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) depots and the release profile was investigated in vitro over a 30-day period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Dutta
- Discovery Research, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.
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Szewczuk Z, Stefanowicz P, Wilczyński A, Siemion IZ, Cierniewski CS, Kralisz U, Wieczorek Z. The immunosuppressory and adhesive miniregion of the human major histocompatibility protein, human leukocyte antigen DQ. Biopolymers 2000; 40:571-83. [PMID: 9062075 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(1996)40:5%3c571::aid-bip15%3e3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that the nonapeptide fragment of human leukocyte antigen DQ with the TPQRGDVYT sequence strongly suppresses the immune response [Z. Szewczuk, I. Z. Siemion, and Z. Wieczorek (1996) Molecular Immunology, 33, 903-9081]. The fragment contains the RGDVY sequence, which is very similar to thymopentin (pentapeptide RKDVY, an active fragment (32-36) of thymopoietin, an immune system activator produced in thymi), and at the same time contains the RGD sequence, known as an inhibitor of adhesion processes. In the present study we tested an influence of the nonapeptide and its shorter fragments on binding the activated platelets and K562 cells to fibrinogen and fibronectin, respectively. We also designed and synthesized a cyclic thymopentin-like peptide. C*RGDVYC* (where C* indicates Cys participating in disulfide bridge) to restrict its conformation. The cyclization product strongly suppresses the humoral and cellular immune response and selectively inhibits the adhesion of K562 cells to fibronectin. The results are discussed in the light of CD conformational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Szewczuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Poland
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Eldred CD, Judkins BD. Fibrinogen receptor antagonists: design and clinical applications. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 36:29-90. [PMID: 10818671 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C D Eldred
- Receptor Chemistry 2 Department, Glaxo Wellcome Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, U.K
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Qureshi AI, Suri MF, Khan J, Fessler RD, Guterman LR, Hopkins LN. Abciximab as an adjunct to high-risk carotid or vertebrobasilar angioplasty: preliminary experience. Neurosurgery 2000; 46:1316-24; discussion 1324-5. [PMID: 10834637 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200006000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abciximab, a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, has been shown to reduce the risk of ischemic events associated with coronary intervention. However, its role in neurointerventional procedures needs to be defined. We prospectively evaluated our initial experience with the use of abciximab in a series of high-risk patients undergoing carotid, basilar, or vertebral artery angioplasty. METHODS Patients were given an intravenous abciximab bolus (0.25 mg/kg), followed by infusion (10 microg/min) for a period ranging from 12 to 24 hours, as an adjunct to angioplasty in 20 procedures (19 patients). These patients were considered to be at high risk for thromboembolic events because of recent ischemic symptoms and/or complex lesion morphology. Before, immediately after, and 24 hours after the procedure, each patient was evaluated by a neurologist for the presence of new neurological deficits. Any bleeding or other complications during hospitalization were also recorded. Bleeding was defined as major (hemoglobin decrease >5 g/dl), minor (hemoglobin decrease 3-5 g/dl), or insignificant. RESULTS Angioplasty was performed in the internal carotid artery (n = 13), vertebral artery (n = 4), or basilar artery (n = 2). Stents were placed across 13 lesions. In one patient, angioplasty could not be performed owing to technical difficulties; however, abciximab was administered because of extensive lesion manipulation. Intraprocedural heparin was given in 19 procedures (35-86 U/kg intravenously) and partially reversed in 6 procedures. Low-dose intra-arterial thrombolytic agents were administered in seven patients before the lesion was crossed. Two patients experienced transient neurological deficits either during (n = 1) or immediately after (n = 1) the procedure. Another patient had complete occlusion of the right vertebral artery after angioplasty with complete recanalization after 24 hours of abciximab infusion. Major or minor bleeding was not observed in any patient. Insignificant bleeding was observed in eight patients. Thrombocytopenia was observed in one patient who received concomitant administration of intravenous heparin and abciximab infusion. CONCLUSION We observed a low frequency of neurological events in high-risk patients undergoing angioplasty with or without stent placement. Abciximab seems to be a relatively safe adjunct for carotid or vertebrobasilar endovascular intervention either alone or in combination with low-dose thrombolytics. Partial reversal of intraprocedural heparin should be considered to reduce the risk of postprocedural bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Qureshi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Toshiba Stroke Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
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Qureshi AI, Luft AR, Sharma M, Guterman LR, Hopkins LN. Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic and ischemic complications associated with endovascular procedures: Part I--Pathophysiological and pharmacological features. Neurosurgery 2000; 46:1344-59. [PMID: 10834640 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200006000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboembolic and ischemic complications frequently occur during and after endovascular procedures, because of associated arterial injury and the thrombogenic characteristics of arterial catheters, contrast agents, and implanted devices such as coils and stents. Platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation occurring at the site of arterial injury are mediated by local factors, including thromboxane A2 (inhibited by aspirin) and adenosine diphosphate (inhibited by ticlopidine and clopidogrel). Concomitantly, thrombin is formed by serial activation of clotting factors via contact with subendothelial tissue factor. Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen into fibrin. Thrombin activation is indirectly blocked by heparin and its analogs. However, after thrombin is clot-bound (with fibrin), it is relatively protected from heparin and is effectively blocked only by direct thrombin inhibitors (hirudin and its analogs). The final common pathway in clot formation is the binding of fibrinogen to platelets via platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors, which is inhibited by antibodies to platelet IIb/IIIa receptors. New treatment modalities, such as the use of direct thrombin inhibitors and antibodies to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, seem to be more effective for prophylaxis and treatment than conventional anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Qureshi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Toshiba Stroke Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14209-1194, USA.
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Minoux H, Chipot C, Brown D, Maigret B. Structural analysis of the KGD sequence loop of barbourin, an alphaIIbbeta3-specific disintegrin. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2000; 14:317-27. [PMID: 10815769 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008182011731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Disintegrins constitute a class of small proteins that inhibit platelet aggregation by binding to the fibrinogen receptor, also referred to as integrin alphaIIbbeta3. Contrarily to other disintegrins that bind to a series of integrins via their Arg-Gly-Asp domain, the recognition site of barbourin contains a Lys-Gly-Asp sequence that ensures its specificity towards alphaIIbbeta3. In this article, a three-dimensional model of barbourin is proposed using homology modeling and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. The conformations of the Lys-Gly-Asp sequence of barbourin are analyzed and compared to those of peptidomimetics that exhibit similar specificity towards alphaIIbbeta3. The tryptophan residue following the Lys-Gly-Asp sequence of the binding domain is shown to play a crucial role in the biological activity and the specificity of barbourin. Our results suggest that this disintegrin anchors to the binding pocket of the gamma-chain of fibrinogen rather than to those of the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Minoux
- UMR CNRS 7565--Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes, Institut Nancéien de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Henri Poincaré, Vandoeuvrelès-Nancy, France
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Stephens PE, Ortlepp S, Perkins VC, Robinson MK, Kirby H. Expression of a soluble functional form of the integrin alpha4beta1 in mammalian cells. CELL ADHESION AND COMMUNICATION 2000; 7:377-90. [PMID: 10830617 DOI: 10.3109/15419060009109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The integrin alpha4beta1(VLA4) has been expressed as a soluble, active, heterodimeric immunoglobulin fusion protein. cDNAs encoding the extracellular domains of the human alpha4 and beta1 subunits were fused to the genomic DNA encoding the human gamma1 immunoglobulin Fc domain and functional integrin fusion protein was expressed as a secreted, soluble molecule from a range of mammalian cell lines. Specific mutations were introduced into the Fc region of the molecules to promote alpha4beta1 heterodimer formation. The soluble alpha4beta1-Fc fusion protein exhibited divalent cation dependent binding to VCAM-1, which was blocked by the appropriate function blocking antibodies. The apparent Kd for VCAM-1 binding were similar for both the soluble and native forms of alpha4beta1. In addition, the integrin-Fc fusion was shown to stain cells expressing VCAM-1 on their surface by FACs analysis. This approach for expressing soluble alpha4beta1 should be generally applicable to a range of integrins.
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