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Gorzkiewicz M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Dendrimers as nanocarriers for nucleoside analogues. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:43-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Briguglio I, Piras S, Corona P, Gavini E, Nieddu M, Boatto G, Carta A. Benzotriazole: An overview on its versatile biological behavior. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:612-48. [PMID: 25293580 PMCID: PMC7115563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discovered in late 1960, azoles are heterocyclic compounds class which constitute the largest group of available antifungal drugs. Particularly, the imidazole ring is the chemical component that confers activity to azoles. Triazoles are obtained by a slight modification of this ring and similar or improved activities as well as less adverse effects are reported for triazole derivatives. Consequently, it is not surprising that benzimidazole/benzotriazole derivatives have been found to be biologically active. Since benzimidazole has been widely investigated, this review is focused on defining the place of benzotriazole derivatives in biomedical research, highlighting their versatile biological properties, the mode of action and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies for a variety of antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and even antitumor, choleretic, cholesterol-lowering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Briguglio
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - S Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - P Corona
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - E Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Nieddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G Boatto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - A Carta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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New carbocyclic nucleoside analogues with a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane fragment as sugar moiety; Synthesis, X-ray crystallography and anticancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:513-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Uttaro JP, Broussous S, Mathé C, Périgaud C. Synthesis of novel 3′-methyl-5′-norcarbocyclic nucleoside phosphonates as potential anti-HIV agents. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Park AY, Kim WH, Kang JA, Lee HJ, Lee CK, Moon HR. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure D- and L-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenyl carbanucleosides and their antiviral evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3945-55. [PMID: 21658957 PMCID: PMC7126181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Based upon the fact that L-nucleosides have been generally known to be less cytotoxic than D-counterparts, L-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenyl carbanucleoside derivatives with a fixed north conformation were designed and synthesized by employing a novel synthetic strategy starting from (R)-epichlorohydrin in order to search for new anti-HIV agents with high potency and less cytotoxicity. A tandem alkylation, γ-lactonization, a chemoselective reduction of ester in the presence of γ-lactone functional group, a RCM reaction, and a Mitsunobu coupling reaction were used as key reactions. D-Counterpart nucleosides were also prepared according to the same synthetic method. Among the synthesized carbanucleosides, D-thymine nucleoside, D-2 and L-thymine nucleoside, L-2 exhibited excellent anti-HIV-1 and -2 activities, in MT-4 cells, which were higher than those of ddI, an anti-AIDS drug. Whereas D-2 exhibited high cytotoxicity in MT-4 cell lines, L-2 did not show any discernible cytotoxicity in all cell lines tested, reflecting that L-2 may be a good candidate for an anti-AIDS drug. L-2 also showed weak anti-HSV-2 activity without cytotoxicity. However, none of the synthesized nucleosides exhibited antiviral activities against RNA viruses including coxsakie, influenza, corona and polio viruses, maybe due to their 2',3'-dideoxy structure. Potent antiviral effects of D-2 and L-2 indicate that nucleosides belonging to a class of D4Ns can be an excellent candidate for anti-DNA virus agents. This research strongly supports L-nucleosides of a class of D4Ns to be a very promising candidate for antiviral agents due to its low cytotoxicity and a good antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Young Park
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Kim
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ah Kang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kyo Lee
- Pharmacology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Selective Synthesis of 1'(α),2'(β)-C-Dimethyl Carbocyclic Adenosine Analogue as Potential anti-HCV Agent. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.9.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Aubin Y, Audran G, Monti H, De Clercq E. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and antiviral evaluation of conformationally constrained and 3′-methyl-branched carbanucleosides using both enantiomers of the same building block. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:374-81. [PMID: 17905585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Starting from both enantiomers of a readily available building block, a straightforward enantioselective approach to constrained 3'-methyl-2',3'-alpha-oxirane-fused and 3'-methyl-3',4'-alpha-oxirane-fused carbanucleosides bearing different purine base analogues is described. The title compounds were evaluated as potential antiviral agents against important viruses. None of the new compounds had significant antiviral activity at a concentration of 100 microg/mL, which was the highest concentration tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Aubin
- Laboratoire de Réactivité Organique Sélective, U.M.R. 6180 Chirotechnologies: catalyse et biocatalyse, Université Paul Cézanne, Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Aubin Y, Audran G, Vanthuyne N, Monti H. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel adenosine carbanucleoside analogues containing a locked 3′-methyl-2′,3′-β-oxirane-fused system. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhan T, Lou H. Synthesis of azole nucleoside analogues of d-pinitol as potential antitumor agents. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:865-9. [PMID: 17258696 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A convenient strategy is reported for the synthesis of azole nucleoside analogues of D-pinitol (=3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol). The key intermediate 3-O-methyl-4,5-epoxy-D-chiro-inositol was obtained in excellent yield via an epoxidation from mono-methanesulfonate of D-pinitol. The process of opening of the epoxy ring by azole-bases appeared strongly regioselective in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. All newly synthesized carbocyclic azole nucleosides were assayed against lung and bladder cancer in vitro. Only the triazole and benzotriazole nucleoside analogues inhibited the growth of human lung cancer cell lines (PG) with EC(50) of 11.3 and 22.6 microM, respectively, and showed much less inhibitory activity against human bladder cell lines (T(24)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrong Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhan TR, Ma YD, Fan PH, Ji M, Lou HX. Synthesis of 4/5-Deoxy-4/5-nucleobase Derivatives of 3-O-Methyl-D-chiro-inositol as Potential Antiviral Agents. Chem Biodivers 2006; 3:1126-37. [PMID: 17193227 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using D-pinitol (= 3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol) as starting material, a concise synthesis of 4/5-deoxy-4/5-nucleobase derivatives 11-19 has been achieved. The key intermediate 9 was obtained in good yield via an epoxidation from mono-methanesulfonate of D-pinitol. The process of opening of the epoxide ring in 9 by nucleobases appeared to be regioselective in presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). All the synthesized carbocyclic nucleosides were assayed against several viruses and tumors such as HIV-1, HSV-1, and HSV-2, and lung and bladder cancer. However, only compounds 14b, 14a, 16a, 16b, and 19 showed mild inhibitory effect against human lung cancer cell lines (PG) with IC50 values ranging from 50 to 100 microM, and the other compounds did not exhibit any significant antiviral activity or cytotoxicity even at concentrations up to 200 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Rong Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
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Chong Y, Gumina G, Chu CK. A divergent synthesis of d - and l -carbocyclic 4′-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides as potential antiviral agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Abstract
We studied the effect on viral growth of drugs targeting different virus functions using a computer simulation for the intracellular growth of bacteriophage T7. We found that drugs targeting components of negative-feedback loops gain effectiveness against mutant viruses that attenuate the drug-target interaction. The greater inhibition of such mutants than of the wild type suggests a drug design strategy that would hinder the development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Endy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1691, USA
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