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Zhang H, Alarcon C, Cavallari LH, Nutescu E, Carvill GL, Perera MA, Hernandez W. Genomewide Association Study Identifies Copy Number Variants Associated With Warfarin Dose Response and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in African Americans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:624-633. [PMID: 36507737 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The anticoagulant warfarin is commonly used to control and prevent thrombotic disorders, such as venous thromboembolism (VTE), which disproportionately afflicts African Americans. Despite the importance of copy number variants (CNVs), few studies have focused on characterizing and understanding their role in drug response and disease risk among African Americans. In this study, we conduct the first genome-wide analysis of CNVs to more comprehensively account for the contribution of genetic variation in warfarin dose requirement and VTE risk among African Americans. We used hidden Markov models to detect CNVs from high-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays for 340 African American participants in the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium. We identified 11,570 CNVs resulting in 2,038 copy number variable regions (CNVRs) and found 3 CNVRs associated with warfarin dose requirement and 3 CNVRs associated with VTE risk in African Americans. CNVRs 1q31.2del and 6q14.1del were associated with increased warfarin dose requirement (β = 11.18 and 4.94, respectively; Pemp = < 0.002); CNVR 19p13.31del was associated with decreased warfarin dose requirement (β = -1.41, Pemp = 0.0004); CNVRs (2p22.1del and 5q35.1-q35.2del) were found to be associated with increased risk of VTE (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.88 and 14.9, respectively; Pemp ≤0.02); and CNVR 10q26.12del was associated with a decreased risk of VTE (OR = 0.6; Pemp = 0.05). Modeling of the 10q26.12del in HepG2 cells revealed that this deletion results in decreased fibrinogen gene expression, decreased fibrinogen and WDR11 protein levels, and decreased secretion of fibrinogen into the extracellular matrix. We found robust evidence that CNVRs could contribute to warfarin dose requirement and risk of VTE in African Americans and for 10q26.3del describe a possible pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Alarcon
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Larisa H Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Edith Nutescu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gemma L Carvill
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Minoli A Perera
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wenndy Hernandez
- Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Kim HK, Tantry US, Park HW, Shin ES, Geisler T, Gorog DA, Gurbel PA, Jeong YH. Ethnic Difference of Thrombogenicity in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: a Pandora Box to Explain Prognostic Differences. Korean Circ J 2021; 51:202-221. [PMID: 33655720 PMCID: PMC7925962 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2020.0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial and venous atherothrombotic events are finely regulated processes involving a complex interplay between vulnerable blood, vulnerable vessel, and blood stasis. Vulnerable blood ('thrombogenicity') comprises complex interactions between cellular components and plasma factors (inflammatory, procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic factors). The extent of thrombogenicity may determine the progression of atheroma and the clinical manifestation of atherothrombotic events, with the highest thrombogenicity in African Americans and lowest in East Asians. Inherent thrombogenicity may influence clinical efficacy and safety of specific antithrombotic treatments in high-risk patients, which may in part explain the observation that East Asian patients have reduced anti-ischemic benefits and elevated bleeding risk with antithrombotic therapy compared to Caucasian patients. In this review, we discuss available evidence regarding the racial differences in thrombogenicity and its impact on clinical outcomes among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kuk Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Udaya S Tantry
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hyun Woong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diana A Gorog
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Gurbel
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Young Hoon Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
- Institute of the Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
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Orlando C, de la Morena-Barrio B, Pareyn I, Vanhoorelbeke K, Martínez-Martínez I, Vicente V, Corral J, Jochmans K, de la Morena-Barrio ME. Antithrombin p.Thr147Ala: The First Founder Mutation in People of African Origin Responsible for Inherited Antithrombin Deficiency. Thromb Haemost 2020; 121:182-191. [PMID: 32920809 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary antithrombin deficiency is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder predisposing to recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). To date, only two founder mutations have been described. OBJECTIVES We investigated the antithrombin p.Thr147Ala variant, found in 12 patients of African origin. This variant is known as rs2227606 with minor allele frequency of 0.5% in Africans and absent in Europeans. A possible founder effect was investigated. METHODS Phenotypical characterization was established through immunological and functional methods, both under basal and stress conditions. Recombinant antithrombin molecules were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed in HEK-293T cells. Secreted antithrombin was purified and functionally characterized. Structural modeling was performed to predict the impact of the mutation on protein structure. A novel nanopore sequencing approach was used for haplotype investigation. RESULTS Ten patients experienced VTE, stroke, or obstetric complications. Antithrombin antigen levels and anti-IIa activity were normal or slightly reduced while anti-Xa activity was reduced with only one commercial assay. On crossed immunoelectrophoresis, an increase of antithrombin fractions with reduced heparin affinity was observed under high ionic strength conditions but not under physiological conditions. The recombinant p.Thr147Ala protein displayed a reduced anti-Xa activity. Structural modeling revealed that residue Thr147 forms three hydrogen bonds that are abolished when mutated to alanine. The investigated patients shared a common haplotype involving 13 SERPINC1 intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Antithrombin p.Thr147Ala, responsible for antithrombin type II heparin binding site deficiency, is the first founder mutation reported in people of African ancestry. This study further emphasizes the limitations of commercial methods to diagnose this specific subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Orlando
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Belén de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inge Pareyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Irene Martínez-Martínez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Corral
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Kristin Jochmans
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
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Frydman GH, Boyer EW, Nazarian RM, Van Cott EM, Piazza G. Coagulation Status and Venous Thromboembolism Risk in African Americans: A Potential Risk Factor in COVID-19. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2020; 26:1076029620943671. [PMID: 32702995 PMCID: PMC7383642 DOI: 10.1177/1076029620943671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19) is known to induce severe inflammation and activation of the coagulation system, resulting in a prothrombotic state. Although inflammatory conditions and organ-specific diseases have been shown to be strong determinants of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, it is unclear whether preexisting differences in coagulation impact the severity of COVID-19. African Americans have higher rates of COVID-19 infection and disease-related morbidity and mortality. Moreover, African Americans are known to be at a higher risk for thrombotic events due to both biological and socioeconomic factors. In this review, we explore whether differences in baseline coagulation status and medical management of coagulation play an important role in COVID-19 disease severity and contribute to racial disparity trends within COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Black or African American/genetics
- Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood
- Anemia, Sickle Cell/ethnology
- Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
- Betacoronavirus
- Blood Proteins/analysis
- Blood Proteins/genetics
- COVID-19
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Comorbidity
- Coronavirus Infections/blood
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/ethnology
- Factor VIII/analysis
- Female
- Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Healthcare Disparities
- Humans
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/ethnology
- Male
- Pandemics
- Patient Selection
- Pneumonia, Viral/blood
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/ethnology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Prevalence
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/ethnology
- Risk Factors
- SARS-CoV-2
- Social Determinants of Health
- Socioeconomic Factors
- Thrombophilia/blood
- Thrombophilia/drug therapy
- Thrombophilia/ethnology
- Thrombophilia/etiology
- Venous Thromboembolism/blood
- Venous Thromboembolism/ethnology
- Venous Thromboembolism/etiology
- Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit H. Frydman
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edward W. Boyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang Y, Bromberg Y. Identifying mutation-driven changes in gene functionality that lead to venous thromboembolism. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1321-1329. [PMID: 31144782 PMCID: PMC6745089 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common hematological disorder. VTE affects millions of people around the world each year and can be fatal. Earlier studies have revealed the possible VTE genetic risk factors in Europeans. The 2018 Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) challenge had asked participants to distinguish between 66 VTE and 37 non-VTE African American (AA) individuals based on their exome sequencing data. We used variants from AA VTE association studies and VTE genes from DisGeNET database to evaluate VTE risk via four different approaches; two of these methods were most successful at the task. Our best performing method represented each exome as a vector of predicted functional effect scores of variants within the known genes. These exome vectors were then clustered with k-means. This approach achieved 70.8% precision and 69.7% recall in identifying VTE patients. Our second-best ranked method had collapsed the variant effect scores into gene-level function changes, using the same vector clustering approach for patient/control identification. These results show predictability of VTE risk in AA population and highlight the importance of variant-driven gene functional changes in judging disease status. Of course, more in-depth understanding of AA VTE pathogenicity is still needed for more precise predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Yana Bromberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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6
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McInnes G, Daneshjou R, Katsonis P, Lichtarge O, Srinivasan R, Rana S, Radivojac P, Mooney SD, Pagel KA, Stamboulian M, Jiang Y, Capriotti E, Wang Y, Bromberg Y, Bovo S, Savojardo C, Martelli PL, Casadio R, Pal LR, Moult J, Brenner SE, Altman R. Predicting venous thromboembolism risk from exomes in the Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) challenges. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1314-1320. [PMID: 31140652 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetics play a key role in venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, however established risk factors in European populations do not translate to individuals of African descent because of the differences in allele frequencies between populations. As part of the fifth iteration of the Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation, participants were asked to predict VTE status in exome data from African American subjects. Participants were provided with 103 unlabeled exomes from patients treated with warfarin for non-VTE causes or VTE and asked to predict which disease each subject had been treated for. Given the lack of training data, many participants opted to use unsupervised machine learning methods, clustering the exomes by variation in genes known to be associated with VTE. The best performing method using only VTE related genes achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.65. Here, we discuss the range of methods used in the prediction of VTE from sequence data and explore some of the difficulties of conducting a challenge with known confounders. In addition, we show that an existing genetic risk score for VTE that was developed in European subjects works well in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory McInnes
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Roxana Daneshjou
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Panagiostis Katsonis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Computational and Integrative Biomedical Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Sadhna Rana
- Innovations Labs, Tata Consultancy Services, Hyderabad, India
| | - Predrag Radivojac
- Khoury College of Computer and Information Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sean D Mooney
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kymberleigh A Pagel
- Department of Computer Science and Informatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Moses Stamboulian
- Department of Computer Science and Informatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Department of Computer Science and Informatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Emidio Capriotti
- BioFolD Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yanran Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Yana Bromberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Samuele Bovo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Bologna Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Castrense Savojardo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Bologna Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Bologna Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Casadio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Bologna Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Biomembrane and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Lipika R Pal
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland
| | - John Moult
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Steven E Brenner
- Department of Plant and Microbial biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Russ Altman
- Departments of Bioengineering, Biomedical Data Science, Genetics, and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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7
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Allyn-Feuer A, Ade A, Luzum JA, Higgins GA, Athey BD. The pharmacoepigenomics informatics pipeline defines a pathway of novel and known warfarin pharmacogenomics variants. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:413-434. [PMID: 29400612 PMCID: PMC6021929 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM 'Pharmacoepigenomics' methods informed by omics datasets and pre-existing knowledge have yielded discoveries in neuropsychiatric pharmacogenomics. Now we evaluate the generality of these methods by discovering an extended warfarin pharmacogenomics pathway. MATERIALS & METHODS We developed the pharmacoepigenomics informatics pipeline, a scalable multi-omics variant screening pipeline for pharmacogenomics, and conducted an experiment in the genomics of warfarin. RESULTS We discovered known and novel pharmacogenomics variants and genes, both coding and regulatory, for warfarin response, including adverse events. Such genes and variants cluster in a warfarin response pathway consolidating known and novel warfarin response variants and genes. CONCLUSION These results can inform a new warfarin test. The pharmacoepigenomics informatics pipeline may be able to discover new pharmacogenomics markers in other drug-disease systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Allyn-Feuer
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alex Ade
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jasmine A Luzum
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gerald A Higgins
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brian D Athey
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan Office of Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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