1
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Ai J, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Chen W, Cui S. Gut microbiota: a superior operator for dietary phytochemicals to improve atherosclerosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38940319 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a possible key susceptibility factor for atherosclerosis (AS). The employment of dietary phytochemicals that strive to target the gut microbiota has gained scientific support for treating AS. This study conducted a general overview of the links between the gut microbiota and AS, and summarized available evidence that dietary phytochemicals improve AS via manipulating gut microbiota. Then, the microbial metabolism of several dietary phytochemicals was summarized, along with a discussion on the metabolites formed and the biotransformation pathways involving key gut bacteria and enzymes. This study additionally focused on the anti-atherosclerotic potential of representative metabolites from dietary phytochemicals, and investigated their underlying molecular mechanisms. In summary, microbiota-dependent dietary phytochemical therapy is a promising strategy for AS management, and knowledge of "phytochemical-microbiota-biotransformation" may be a breakthrough in the search for novel anti-atherogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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2
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Clifford MN, Ludwig IA, Pereira-Caro G, Zeraik L, Borges G, Almutairi TM, Dobani S, Bresciani L, Mena P, Gill CIR, Crozier A. Exploring and disentangling the production of potentially bioactive phenolic catabolites from dietary (poly)phenols, phenylalanine, tyrosine and catecholamines. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103068. [PMID: 38377790 PMCID: PMC10891336 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Following ingestion of fruits, vegetables and derived products, (poly)phenols that are not absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract pass to the colon, where they undergo microbiota-mediated ring fission resulting in the production of a diversity of low molecular weight phenolic catabolites, which appear in the circulatory system and are excreted in urine along with their phase II metabolites. There is increasing interest in these catabolites because of their potential bioactivity and their use as biomarkers of (poly)phenol intake. Investigating the fate of dietary (poly)phenolics in the colon has become confounded as a result of the recent realisation that many of the phenolics appearing in biofluids can also be derived from the aromatic amino acids, l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine, and to a lesser extent catecholamines, in reactions that can be catalysed by both colonic microbiota and endogenous mammalian enzymes. The available evidence, albeit currently rather limited, indicates that substantial amounts of phenolic catabolites originate from phenylalanine and tyrosine, while somewhat smaller quantities are produced from dietary (poly)phenols. This review outlines information on this topic and assesses procedures that can be used to help distinguish between phenolics originating from dietary (poly)phenols, the two aromatic amino acids and catecholamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, IFAPA-Alameda Del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain; Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Laila Zeraik
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Dobani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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3
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Araújo CM, de Albuquerque TMR, Sampaio KB, de Oliveira JN, da Silva JYP, Lima MDS, do Nascimento YM, da Silva EF, da Silva MS, Tavares JF, de Souza EL, de Oliveira MEG. Fermenting Acerola ( Malpighia emarginata D.C.) and Guava ( Psidium guayaba L.) Fruit Processing Co-Products with Probiotic Lactobacilli to Produce Novel Potentially Synbiotic Circular Ingredients. Foods 2024; 13:1375. [PMID: 38731747 PMCID: PMC11083529 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of acerola and guava fruit processing co-products fermented with probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-10 on the abundance of different intestinal bacterial groups and microbial metabolic activity during 48 h of in vitro fecal fermentation. Digested fermented fruit co-products increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial groups while overall decreasing or maintaining the relative abundance of non-beneficial bacterial groups, suggesting selective stimulatory effects on beneficial bacterial intestinal populations. The fermented co-products stimulated microbial metabolic activity due to decreased pH, sugar consumption, short-chain fatty acid production, phenolic compound and metabolic profile alteration, and high antioxidant capacity during fecal fermentation. Acerola and guava co-products have high nutritional value and bioactive compounds whose fermentation with probiotics improves their potential functionalities. The results show that fermented fruit co-products could induce beneficial changes in the relative abundance of several bacterial groups as well as in the metabolic activity of the human intestinal microbiota. These results highlight their potential as novel and circular candidates for use as synbiotic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroliny M. Araújo
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.M.R.d.A.); (K.B.S.); (J.N.d.O.); (J.Y.P.d.S.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Thatyane Mariano R. de Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.M.R.d.A.); (K.B.S.); (J.N.d.O.); (J.Y.P.d.S.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Karoliny B. Sampaio
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.M.R.d.A.); (K.B.S.); (J.N.d.O.); (J.Y.P.d.S.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Jordana N. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.M.R.d.A.); (K.B.S.); (J.N.d.O.); (J.Y.P.d.S.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Jaielison Yandro P. da Silva
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.M.R.d.A.); (K.B.S.); (J.N.d.O.); (J.Y.P.d.S.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Marcos dos S. Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina 56302-100, Brazil;
| | - Yuri M. do Nascimento
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines—IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (Y.M.d.N.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.S.d.S.); (J.F.T.)
| | - Evandro F. da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines—IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (Y.M.d.N.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.S.d.S.); (J.F.T.)
| | - Marcelo S. da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines—IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (Y.M.d.N.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.S.d.S.); (J.F.T.)
| | - Josean F. Tavares
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines—IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (Y.M.d.N.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.S.d.S.); (J.F.T.)
| | - Evandro L. de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.M.R.d.A.); (K.B.S.); (J.N.d.O.); (J.Y.P.d.S.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Maria Elieidy G. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Food Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
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4
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Su Y, Hu K, Li D, Guo H, Sun L, Xie Z. Microbial-Transferred Metabolites and Improvement of Biological Activities of Green Tea Catechins by Human Gut Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:792. [PMID: 38472905 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Green tea catechins (GTCs) are dietary polyphenols with broad bioactivities that undergo extensive microbial metabolism in the human gut. However, microbial-transferred metabolites and their health benefits are not fully understood. Herein, the microbial metabolism of GTCs by human fecal microbiota and dynamic alteration of the microbiota were integrally investigated via in vitro anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that the human gut microbiota exhibited a strong metabolic effect on GTCs via UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 35 microbial-transferred metabolites were identified, far more than were identified in previous studies. Among them, five metabolites, namely EGCG quinone, EGC quinone, ECG quinone, EC quinone, and mono-oxygenated EGCG, were identified for the first time in fermented GTCs with the human gut microbiota. Consequently, corresponding metabolic pathways were proposed. Notably, the antioxidant, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the GTCs sample increased after fermentation compared to those of the initial unfermented sample. The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the GTCs significantly altered gut microbial diversity and enriched the abundancy of Eubacterium, Flavonifractor, etc., which may be further involved in the metabolisms of GTCs. Thus, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between GTCs and gut microbiota, as well as the health benefits of green tea consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Su
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Kaiyin Hu
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Center for Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Li Sun
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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5
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Diaz M, Mertens-Talcott SU, Talcott ST. Intestinal Microbiome Metabolism of Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) Proanthocyanidin Dimers, but Not Trimers, Is Altered by Dysbiosis in Ulcerative Colitis Ex Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4184-4194. [PMID: 38350030 PMCID: PMC10905997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Cranberries contain proanthocyanidins with different interflavan bond types and degrees of polymerization. These chemical differences may impact the metabolism of proanthocyanidins by the intestinal microbiome. In our previous study, we found that healthy microbiomes produced higher concentrations of the phenolic acid metabolites 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-g-valerolactone and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid from the cranberry extract in comparison to ulcerative colitis (UC) microbiomes ex vivo. To understand this difference, LC-ESI-MS/MS was utilized to characterize the metabolism of the precursor proanthocyanidins. Healthy microbiomes metabolized procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, and procyanidin dimeric intermediates but not A-type trimers, to a greater extent than UC microbiomes. The metabolism of procyanidin A2 and procyanidin B2 by fecal microorganisms was then compared to identify their derived phenolic acid metabolites. 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-g-valerolactone and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid were identified as unique metabolites of procyanidin B2. Based on these results, the metabolism of procyanidin B2 contributed to the differential metabolism observed between healthy and UC microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza
S. Diaz
- Department of Food Science
and Technology, Texas A&M University, 370 Olsen Blvd., College Station, Texas 77845-2254, United States
| | - Susanne U. Mertens-Talcott
- Department of Food Science
and Technology, Texas A&M University, 370 Olsen Blvd., College Station, Texas 77845-2254, United States
| | - Stephen T. Talcott
- Department of Food Science
and Technology, Texas A&M University, 370 Olsen Blvd., College Station, Texas 77845-2254, United States
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6
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Wang L, Liu R, Yan F, Chen W, Zhang M, Lu Q, Huang B, Liu R. A newly isolated intestinal bacterium involved in the C-ring cleavage of flavan-3-ol monomers and the antioxidant activity of the metabolites. Food Funct 2024; 15:580-590. [PMID: 37927225 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03601d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols are an important class of secondary metabolites in many plants. Their bioavailability and bioactivity are largely determined by the metabolism of intestinal microbiota. However, little is known about the intestinal bacteria involved in the metabolism of flavan-3-ols and the activities of the metabolites. C-ring cleavage is the initial and key step in the metabolism of flavan-3-ol monomers. Here, we isolated a strain from porcine cecum content, which is capable of cleaving the heterocyclic C-ring to form 1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2'',4'',6''-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ol from (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, and 1-(3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2'',4'',6''-trihydroxyphenyl) propan-2-ol from (-)-epigallocatechin. The strain was identified as Streptococcus pasteurianus (Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. Pasteurianus, designated as F32-1) based on 16S rDNA similarity and MALDI-TOF-MS identification. The formation of the C-ring cleavage structural unit by the F32-1 strain enhanced the chemical antioxidant ability and altered the cellular antioxidant activity of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin. Overall, in this study we isolated a new intestinal bacterium involved in the C-ring cleavage of flavan-3-ol monomers and elucidated the bioactivity of their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
| | - Wanbing Chen
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guang Dong 430073, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Bijun Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China
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7
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Batista KS, Lima MDS, Francisco Alves A, Cavalcante HC, de Souza DM, de Oliveira GC, Toscano LT, Silva AS, Rodrigues JF, de Albuquerque Meireles BRL, de Magalhães Cordeiro AMT, Persuhn DC, de Souza Aquino J. Antioxidant potential of acerola by-product along the enterohepatic axis of rats fed a high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113380. [PMID: 37803718 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) by-product (ABP) has bioactive compounds that can provide antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects in vivo. In this study we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ABP on oxidative damage along the enterohepatic axis of rats fed a high-fat diet for 7 weeks. In addition, we analysed the phenolic compound profile in the enterohepatic axis, and the lipid accumulation in the liver, colon and liver tissue structure of high-fat diet-fed rats treated with fenofibrate drug (100 mg/kg) or ABP (400 mg/kg) via orogastric administration in the 4th to 7th weeks of the experiment. ABP had increased antioxidant potential in vitro and presented ascorbic acid (2022.06 μg/g), carotenoid (2.63 μg/g), and total phenolic compound (5366.44 μg/g) contents. The high-fat diet-fed rats that received ABP (compared to fenofibrate treatment) presented a non-significant reduction of 9.87% in guanine oxidation product, lower relative liver weight, degree of hepatic steatosis, and aspartate aminotransferase level in their blood. ABP also provided high-fat diet-fed rats: an increased amount of total phenolic compounds in caecal digesta (946.42 µg/g), faeces (3299.07 µg/g), colon (256.15 µg/g) and hepatic tissues (454.80 µg/g); higher total antioxidant capacity in plasma and colon; and lower lipid peroxidation in plasma, colonic and hepatic tissues. The results point to the potential antioxidant activity of ABP against oxidative damage along the enterohepatic axis caused by high-fat diet intake. The ABP had a greater protective effect on the healthy liver compared to fenofibrate treatment due to its bioactive compound content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Sabino Batista
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Food Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of the Sertão de Pernambuco (IFSertão-PE), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Hassler Clementino Cavalcante
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Melo de Souza
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Costa de Oliveira
- Bromatology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Lydiane Tavares Toscano
- Laboratory of Physical Training Studies Applied to Performance and Health, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Training Studies Applied to Performance and Health, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Josuel Feitosa Rodrigues
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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8
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Liu S, Cheng L, Liu Y, Zhan S, Wu Z, Zhang X. Relationship between Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota: New Clues to Improve Cognitive Disorders, Mood Disorders and Circadian Rhythms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061309. [PMID: 36981235 PMCID: PMC10048542 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive, mood and sleep disorders are common and intractable disorders of the central nervous system, causing great inconvenience to the lives of those affected. The gut-brain axis plays a vital role in studying neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases by acting as a channel for a bidirectional information exchange between the gut microbiota and the nervous system. Dietary polyphenols have received widespread attention because of their excellent biological activity and their wide range of sources, structural diversity and low toxicity. Dietary intervention through the increased intake of dietary polyphenols is an emerging strategy for improving circadian rhythms and treating metabolic disorders. Dietary polyphenols have been shown to play an essential role in regulating intestinal flora, mainly by maintaining the balance of the intestinal flora and enhancing host immunity, thereby suppressing neurodegenerative pathologies. This paper reviewed the bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and the brain and their effects on the central nervous system, focusing on dietary polyphenols that regulate circadian rhythms and maintain the health of the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shengnan Zhan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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9
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Korczak M, Pilecki M, Granica S, Gorczynska A, Pawłowska KA, Piwowarski JP. Phytotherapy of mood disorders in the light of microbiota-gut-brain axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154642. [PMID: 36641978 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical research in natural product-based psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising herbal medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of mild mood disorders, however failed to unambiguously indicate pharmacologically active constituents. The emerging role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis opens new possibilities in the search for effective methods of treatment and prevention of mood disorders. PURPOSE Considering the clinically proven effectiveness juxtaposed with inconsistencies regarding the indication of active principles for many medicinal plants applied in the treatment of anxiety and depression, the aim of the review is to look at their therapeutic properties from the perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. METHOD A literature-based survey was performed using Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases. The current state of knowledge regarding Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Piper methysticum, Passiflora incarnata, Humulus lupulus, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula officinalis, and Rhodiola rosea in terms of their antimicrobial activity, bioavailability, clinical effectiveness in depression/anxiety and gut microbiota - natural products interaction was summarized and analyzed. RESULTS Recent studies have provided direct and indirect evidence that herbal extracts and isolated compounds are potent modulators of gut microbiota structure. Additionally, some of the formed postbiotic metabolites exert positive effects and ameliorate depression-related behaviors in animal models of mood disorders. The review underlines the gap in research on natural products - gut microbiota interaction in the context of mood disorders. CONCLUSION Modification of microbiota-gut-brain axis by natural products is a plausible explanation of their therapeutic properties. Future studies evaluating the effectiveness of herbal medicine and isolated compounds in treating mild mood disorders should consider the bidirectional interplay between phytoconstituents and the gut microbiota community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Korczak
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Pilecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gorczynska
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina A Pawłowska
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Di Pede G, Mena P, Bresciani L, Almutairi TM, Del Rio D, Clifford MN, Crozier A. Human colonic catabolism of dietary flavan-3-ol bioactives. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101107. [PMID: 35931563 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the fate of ingested polyphenols is crucial in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of a fruit and vegetable-based diet. This review focuses on the colon microbiota-mediated transformation of the flavan-3-ols and the structurally related procyanidins found in dietary plant foods and beverages, plus the flavan-3-ol-derived theaflavins of black tea, and the post-absorption phase II metabolism of the gut microbiota catabolites. Despite significant advances in the last decade major analytical challenges remain. Strategies to address them are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Pede
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Tahani M Almutairi
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11363, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11363, Saudi Arabia; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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Rosales TKO, Pedrosa LDF, Nascimento KR, Fioroto AM, Toniazzo T, Tadini CC, Purgatto E, Hassimotto NMA, Fabi JP. Nano-encapsulated anthocyanins: A new technological approach to increase physical-chemical stability and bioaccessibility. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Rubert J, Gatto P, Pancher M, Sidarovich V, Curti C, Mena P, Del Rio D, Quattrone A, Mattivi F. A Screening of Native (Poly)phenols and Gut-Related Metabolites on 3D HCT116 Spheroids Reveals Gut Health Benefits of a Flavan-3-ol Metabolite. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101043. [PMID: 35394679 PMCID: PMC9787721 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Epidemiological evidence suggests that a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is correlated with high consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are major sources of fiber and phytochemicals, such as flavan-3-ols. However, it remains unknown how these phytochemicals and their specific gut-related metabolites may alter cancer cell behavior. METHODS AND RESULTS A focused screening using native (poly)phenols and gut microbial metabolites (GMMs) on 3D HCT116 spheroids is carried out using a high-throughput imaging approach. Dose-responses, IC50 , and long-term exposure are calculated for the most promising native (poly)phenols and GMMs. As a result, this research shows that (poly)phenol catabolites may play a key role in preventing cancer propagation. Indeed, µM concentration levels of (4R)-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone significantly decrease spheroid size at early stages of spheroid aggregation and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases. CONCLUSION A chronic exposure to (4R)-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone may lead to a reduced CRC risk. Daily intake of monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ols may increase the colonic concentrations of this metabolite, and, in turn, this compound may act locally interacting with intestinal epithelial cells, precancerous and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Rubert
- Food Quality and DesignWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 9Wageningen6708 WGThe Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 4Wageningen6708 WEThe Netherlands
| | - Pamela Gatto
- HTS and Validation Core FacilityDept. CIBIO ‐ Department of CellularComputational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 9Trento38123Italy
| | - Michael Pancher
- HTS and Validation Core FacilityDept. CIBIO ‐ Department of CellularComputational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 9Trento38123Italy
| | - Viktoryia Sidarovich
- HTS and Validation Core FacilityDept. CIBIO ‐ Department of CellularComputational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 9Trento38123Italy
| | - Claudio Curti
- Department of Food and DrugUniversity of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze, 27/AParma43124Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition UnitDepartment of Food and DrugUniversity of ParmaMedical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39Parma43125Italy
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParma43124Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition UnitDepartment of Food and DrugUniversity of ParmaMedical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39Parma43125Italy
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParma43124Italy
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and NutritionUniversity of ParmaParma43126Italy
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Laboratory of Translational GenomicsDept. CIBIO ‐ Department of CellularComputational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 9Trento38123Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Dept. CIBIO ‐ Department of CellularComputational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 9Trento38123Italy
- Metabolomics UnitDepartment of Food Quality and NutritionFondazione Edmund Mach ‐ FEMResearch and Innovation CentreVia Mach 1San Michele all'Adige38098Italy
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Di Pede G, Bresciani L, Brighenti F, Clifford MN, Crozier A, Del Rio D, Mena P. In Vitro Faecal Fermentation of Monomeric and Oligomeric Flavan-3-ols: Catabolic Pathways and Stoichiometry. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101090. [PMID: 35107868 PMCID: PMC9786279 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The study evaluates the influence of flavan-3-ol structure on the production of phenolic catabolites, principally phenyl-γ-valerolactones (PVLs), and phenylvaleric acids (PVAs). METHODS AND RESULTS A set of 12 monomeric flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins (degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-5), are fermented in vitro for 24 h using human faecal microbiota, and catabolism is analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Up to 32 catabolites strictly related to microbial catabolism of parent compounds are detected. (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin have the highest molar mass recoveries, expressed as a percentage with respect to the incubated concentration (75 µmol L-1 ) of the parent compound, for total PVLs and PVAs, both at 5 h (about 20%) and 24 h (about 40%) of faecal incubation. Only A-type dimer and B-type procyanidins underwent the ring fission step, and no differences are found in total PVL and PVA production (≃1.5% and 6.0% at 5 and 24 h faecal incubation, respectively) despite the different DPs. CONCLUSION The flavan-3-ol structure strongly affects the colonic catabolism of the native compounds, influencing the profile of PVLs and PVAs produced in vitro. This study opens new perspectives to further elucidate the colonic fate of oligomeric flavan-3-ols and their availability in producing bioactive catabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Pede
- Human Nutrition UnitDepartment of Food and Drug University of ParmaVia Volturno 39Parma43125Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition UnitDepartment of Food and Drug University of ParmaVia Volturno 39Parma43125Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition UnitDepartment of Food and Drug University of ParmaVia Volturno 39Parma43125Italy
| | - Michael N. Clifford
- School of Bioscience and MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK,Department of NutritionDietetics and FoodSchool of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthFaculty of MedicineNursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityBASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully RoadNotting HillVictoria3168Australia
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of ChemistryKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia,School of MedicineDentistry and NursingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition UnitDepartment of Food and Drug University of ParmaVia Volturno 39Parma43125Italy,Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 11/AParma43124Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition UnitDepartment of Food and Drug University of ParmaVia Volturno 39Parma43125Italy,Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 11/AParma43124Italy
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Clifford MN, King LJ, Kerimi A, Pereira-Caro MG, Williamson G. Metabolism of phenolics in coffee and plant-based foods by canonical pathways: an assessment of the role of fatty acid β-oxidation to generate biologically-active and -inactive intermediates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3326-3383. [PMID: 36226718 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ω-Phenyl-alkenoic acids are abundant in coffee, fruits, and vegetables. Along with ω-phenyl-alkanoic acids, they are produced from numerous dietary (poly)phenols and aromatic amino acids in vivo. This review addresses how phenyl-ring substitution and flux modulates their gut microbiota and endogenous β-oxidation. 3',5'-Dihydroxy-derivatives (from alkyl-resorcinols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins), and 4'-hydroxy-phenolic acids (from tyrosine, p-coumaric acid, naringenin) are β-oxidation substrates yielding benzoic acids. In contrast, 3',4',5'-tri-substituted-derivatives, 3',4'-dihydroxy-derivatives and 3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-derivatives (from coffee, tea, cereals, many fruits and vegetables) are poor β-oxidation substrates with metabolism diverted via gut microbiota dehydroxylation, phenylvalerolactone formation and phase-2 conjugation, possibly a strategy to conserve limited pools of coenzyme A. 4'-Methoxy-derivatives (citrus fruits) or 3',4'-dimethoxy-derivatives (coffee) are susceptible to hepatic "reverse" hydrogenation suggesting incompatibility with enoyl-CoA-hydratase. Gut microbiota-produced 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-derivatives (citrus fruits) and 3'-hydroxy-derivatives (numerous (poly)phenols) are excreted as the phenyl-hydracrylic acid β-oxidation intermediate suggesting incompatibility with hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, albeit with considerable inter-individual variation. Further investigation is required to explain inter-individual variation, factors determining the amino acid to which C6-C3 and C6-C1 metabolites are conjugated, the precise role(s) of l-carnitine, whether glycine might be limiting, and whether phenolic acid-modulation of β-oxidation explains how phenolic acids affect key metabolic conditions, such as fatty liver, carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Laurence J King
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Maria Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food Science and Health, Instituto Andaluz de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria Pesquera Alimentaria y de la Produccion Ecologica, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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15
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Kruk A, Granica S, Popowski D, Malinowska N, Piwowarski JP. Tiliae flos metabolites and their beneficial influence on human gut microbiota biodiversity ex vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115355. [PMID: 35537603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The linden flower (Tiliae flos) has been used for centuries to treat and relieve symptoms of the common cold, throat irritation, and upper respiratory tract disturbances. Traditionally, this herb is administered orally, and thus it undergoes intestinal metabolism. Although it is pharmacopeial plant material, there are no reports about its interaction with human gut microbiota. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to determine the interaction between human gut microbiota and the linden flower extracts, resulting in the biotransformation of the extract's constituents and changes in the microbiota composition. MATERIAL AND METHODS The linden flower metabolites were obtained by incubation of extract with human faecal slurries from 5 healthy donors. The UHPLC-DAD-MSn analysis determined the composition of raw extract and analysis of microbial metabolites. The intestinal microbiota isolation and sequencing were used to determine changes in microbiota composition. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested using the LPS-stimulated human neutrophils model and ELISA test. RESULTS After incubation of linden flower extract with human gut microbiota, twenty metabolites were detected and characterized, and three among them were identified. The extract changed human gut microbiota composition but did not cause dysbiosis (change in the abundance of forty-three genera). Raw extract and their metabolites exhibit different levels of inhibition of cytokines production by LPS-stimulated neutrophils, but the reduction of TNF-α production was observed. CONCLUSIONS The linden flower extract has a beneficial influence on human gut microbiota because it promotes increasing the abundance of bacteria responsible for SCFAs production. The anti-inflammatory effect might be linked to both microbiota composition changes and direct activity of bioavailable metabolites. Increased abundance of SCFAs producers may inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. A low concentration of phenolic compounds in metabolized linden flower extract and responsible for anti-inflammatory properties, and the multitude of biological and chemical particles and their interactions may weaken these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kruk
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominik Popowski
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Natalia Malinowska
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Sahadevan R, Singh S, Binoy A, Sadhukhan S. Chemico-biological aspects of (-)-epigallocatechin- 3-gallate (EGCG) to improve its stability, bioavailability and membrane permeability: Current status and future prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10382-10411. [PMID: 35491671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2068500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been a bedrock for drug discovery for decades. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the widely studied natural polyphenolic compounds derived from green tea. It is the key component believed to be responsible for the medicinal value of green tea. Significant studies implemented in in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo models have suggested its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, neuroprotective activities etc. Despite having such a wide array of therapeutic potential and promising results in preclinical studies, its applicability to humans has encountered with rather limited success largely due to the poor bioavailability, poor membrane permeability, rapid metabolic clearance and lack of stability of EGCG. Therefore, novel techniques are warranted to address those limitations so that EGCG or its modified analogs can be used in the clinical setup. This review comprehensively covers different strategies such as structural modifications, nano-carriers as efficient drug delivery systems, synergistic studies with other bioactivities to improve the chemico-biological aspects (e.g., stability, bioavailability, permeability, etc.) of EGCG for its enhanced pharmacokinetics and pharmacological properties, eventually enhancing its therapeutic potentials. We think this review article will serve as a strong platform with comprehensive literature on the development of novel techniques to improve the bioavailability of EGCG so that it can be translated to the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Binoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Wang M, Li J, Hu T, Zhao H. Metabolic fate of tea polyphenols and their crosstalk with gut microbiota. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nanotechnology as a Tool to Mitigate the Effects of Intestinal Microbiota on Metabolization of Anthocyanins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030506. [PMID: 35326155 PMCID: PMC8944820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are an important group of phenolic compounds responsible for pigmentation in several plants. For humans, a regular intake is associated with a reduced risk of several diseases. However, molecular instability reduces the absorption and bioavailability of these compounds. Anthocyanins are degraded by external factors such as the presence of light, oxygen, temperature, and changes in pH ranges. In addition, the digestion process contributes to chemical degradation, mainly through the action of intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota has a fundamental role in the biotransformation and metabolization of several dietary compounds, thus modifying the chemical structure, including anthocyanins. This biotransformation leads to low absorption of intact anthocyanins, and consequently, low bioavailability of these antioxidant compounds. Several studies have been conducted to seek alternatives to improve stability and protect against intestinal microbiota degradation. This comprehensive review aims to discuss the existing knowledge about the structure of anthocyanins while discussing human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and bioavailability after the oral consumption of anthocyanins. This review will highlight the use of nanotechnology systems to overcome anthocyanin biotransformation by the intestinal microbiota, pointing out the safety and effectiveness of nanostructures to maintain molecular stability.
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Farag MA, Shakour ZTA, Elmassry MM, Donia MS. Metabolites profiling reveals gut microbiome-mediated biotransformation of green tea polyphenols in the presence of N-nitrosamine as pro-oxidant. Food Chem 2022; 371:131147. [PMID: 34808759 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome contributes to host physiology and nutrition metabolism. The interaction between nutrition components and the gut microbiota results in thousands of metabolites that can contribute to various health and disease outcomes. In parallel, the interactions between foods and their toxicants have captured increasing interest due to their impact on human health. Taken together, investigating dietary interactions with endogenous and exogenous factors and detecting interaction biomarkers in a specific and sensitive manner is an important task. The present study sought to identify for the first time the metabolites produced during the interaction of diet-derived toxicants e.g., N-nitrosamines with green tea polyphenols, using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). In addition, the metabolic products resulting from the incubation of green tea with a complex gut microbiome in the presence of N-nitrosamine were assessed in the same manner. The quinone products of (epi)catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol were identified when green tea was incubated with N-nitrosamine only; whereas, incubation of green tea with N-nitrosamine and a complex gut microbiome prevented the formation of these metabolites. This study provides a new perspective on the role of gut microbiome in protecting against potential negative interactions between food-derived toxicants and dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab T Abdel Shakour
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Egyptian Drug Authority (Former; National Organization for Drug Control and Research), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moamen M Elmassry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Chen Y, Wang J, Zou L, Cao H, Ni X, Xiao J. Dietary proanthocyanidins on gastrointestinal health and the interactions with gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6285-6308. [PMID: 35114875 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological and experimental studies have consistently reported the beneficial effects of dietary proanthocyanidins (PAC) on improving gastrointestinal physiological functions. This review aims to present a comprehensive perspective by focusing on structural properties, interactions and gastrointestinal protection of PAC. In brief, the main findings of this review are summarized as follows: (1) Structural features are critical factors in determining the bioavailability and subsequent pharmacology of PAC; (2) PAC and/or their bacterial metabolites can play a direct role in the gastrointestinal tract through their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties; (3) PAC can reduce the digestion, absorption, and bioavailability of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids by interacting with them or their according enzymes and transporters in the gastrointestinal tract; (4). PAC showed a prebiotic-like effect by interacting with the microflora in the intestinal tract, and the enhancement of PAC on a variety of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. could be associated with potential benefits to human health. In conclusion, the potential effects of PAC in prevention and alleviation of gastrointestinal diseases are remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Sirven MA, Venancio VP, Shankar S, Klemashevich C, Castellón-Chicas MJ, Fang C, Mertens-Talcott SU, Talcott ST. Ulcerative colitis results in differential metabolism of cranberry polyphenols by the colon microbiome in vitro. Food Funct 2021; 12:12751-12764. [PMID: 34847216 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome plays a major role in polyphenol metabolism, producing metabolites that are bioavailable and potentially more bioactive than the compounds from which they are derived. However, the microbiome can vary among individuals, and especially for those with co-morbidities, such as ulcerative colitis. In subjects with ulcerative colitis, the consequence of a 'dysbiotic' microbiome is characterized by decreased diversity of microbiota that may impact their capability to metabolize polyphenols into bioavailable metabolites. On this premise, the microbiome metabolism of cranberry polyphenols between healthy individuals and those with ulcerative colitis was compared in vitro. Fecal samples from volunteers, with or without diagnosed ulcerative colitis, were cultured anaerobically in the presence of cranberry polyphenols. The resulting metabolites were then quantified via LC-ESI-MS/MS. 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis was also utilized to assess differences in microbiota composition between healthy and ulcerative colitis microbiomes and the modulatory effects of cranberry polyphenols on microbiota composition. Healthy microbiomes produced higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in comparison to ulcerative colitis microbiomes. Additionally, healthy microbiomes contained a higher (p < 0.05) abundance of Ruminococcaceae, which could explain their ability to produce higher concentrations of cranberry polyphenol metabolites. Health status and the presence of cranberry polyphenols also significantly impacted the production of several short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids. These results suggest that efficiency of polyphenol metabolism is dependent on microbiota composition and future works should include metabolite data to account for inter-individual differences in polyphenol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Ashton Sirven
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Vinicius Paula Venancio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Smriti Shankar
- Integrated Metabolomics Analysis Core, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cory Klemashevich
- Integrated Metabolomics Analysis Core, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Chuo Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | | | - Stephen T Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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22
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Metabotypes of flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites after cranberry intake: elucidation and statistical approaches. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1299-1317. [PMID: 34750642 PMCID: PMC8921115 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Extensive inter-individual variability exists in the production of flavan-3-ol metabolites. Preliminary metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) have been defined, but there is no consensus on the existence of metabotypes associated with the catabolism of catechins and proanthocyanidins. This study aims at elucidating the presence of different metabotypes in the urinary excretion of main flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites after consumption of cranberry products and at assessing the impact of the statistical technique used for metabotyping. Methods Data on urinary concentrations of phenyl-γ-valerolactones and 3-(hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives from two human interventions has been used. Different multivariate statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), have been considered. Results Data pre-treatment plays a major role on resulting PCA models. Cluster analysis based on k-means and a final consensus algorithm lead to quantitative-based models, while the expectation–maximization algorithm and clustering according to principal component scores yield metabotypes characterized by quali-quantitative differences in the excretion of colonic metabolites. PLS-DA, together with univariate analyses, has served to validate the urinary metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol metabolites and to confirm the robustness of the methodological approach. Conclusions This work proposes a methodological workflow for metabotype definition and highlights the importance of data pre-treatment and clustering methods on the final outcomes for a given dataset. It represents an additional step toward the understanding of the inter-individual variability in flavan-3-ol metabolism. Trial registration The acute study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517775, August 7, 2015; the chronic study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02764749, May 6, 2016. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02692-z.
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23
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Chen W, Zhang L, Zhao L, Yan F, Zhu X, Lu Q, Liu R. Metabolomic profiles of A-type procyanidin dimer and trimer with gut microbiota in vitro. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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24
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Evolving Interplay Between Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota-An Emerging Importance in Healthcare. Front Nutr 2021; 8:634944. [PMID: 34109202 PMCID: PMC8180580 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.634944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural plant compounds and are the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet. As the gastrointestinal tract is the primary organ provided to diet sections, the diet may be regarded as one of the essential factors in the functionality, integrity, and composition of intestinal microbiota. In the gastrointestinal tract, many polyphenols remain unabsorbed and may accumulate in the large intestine, where the intestinal microbiota are most widely metabolized. When assuming primary roles for promoting host well-being, this intestinal health environment is presented to the effect of external influences, including dietary patterns. A few different methodologies have been developed to increase solvency and transport across the gastrointestinal tract and move it to targeted intestinal regions to resolve dietary polyphenols at the low bioavailability. Polyphenols form a fascinating community among the different nutritional substances, as some of them have been found to have critical biological activities that include antioxidant, antimicrobial, or anticarcinogenic activities. Besides, it affects metabolism and immunity of the intestines and has anti-inflammatory properties. The well-being status of subjects can also benefit from the development of bioactive polyphenol-determined metabolites, although the mechanisms have not been identified. Even though the incredible variety of health-advancing activities of dietary polyphenols has been widely studied, their effect on intestinal biology adaptation, and two-way relationship between polyphenols and microbiota is still poorly understood. We focused on results of polyphenols in diet with biological activities, gut ecology, and the influence of their proportional links on human well-being and disease in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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25
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Sallam IE, Abdelwareth A, Attia H, Aziz RK, Homsi MN, von Bergen M, Farag MA. Effect of Gut Microbiota Biotransformation on Dietary Tannins and Human Health Implications. Microorganisms 2021; 9:965. [PMID: 33947064 PMCID: PMC8145700 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins represent a heterogeneous group of high-molecular-weight polyphenols that are ubiquitous among plant families, especially in cereals, as well as in many fruits and vegetables. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins, in addition to phlorotannins from marine algae, are the main classes of these bioactive compounds. Despite their low bioavailability, tannins have many beneficial pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Microbiota-mediated hydrolysis of tannins produces highly bioaccessible metabolites, which have been extensively studied and account for most of the health effects attributed to tannins. This review article summarises the effect of the human microbiota on the metabolism of different tannin groups and the expected health benefits that may be induced by such mutual interactions. Microbial metabolism of tannins yields highly bioaccessible microbial metabolites that account for most of the systemic effects of tannins. This article also uses explainable artificial intelligence to define the molecular signatures of gut-biotransformed tannin metabolites that are correlated with chemical and biological activity. An understanding of microbiota-tannin interactions, tannin metabolism-related phenotypes (metabotypes) and chemical tannin-metabolites motifs is of great importance for harnessing the biological effects of tannins for drug discovery and other health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim E. Sallam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City 12566, Egypt;
| | - Amr Abdelwareth
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Heba Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.A.); (R.K.A.)
| | - Ramy K. Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.A.); (R.K.A.)
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11617, Egypt
| | - Masun Nabhan Homsi
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ GmbH, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ GmbH, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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26
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Liu Z, de Bruijn WJ, Sanders MG, Wang S, Bruins ME, Vincken JP. Insights in the Recalcitrance of Theasinensin A to Human Gut Microbial Degradation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2477-2484. [PMID: 33619960 PMCID: PMC8028050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to low bioavailability of dietary phenolic compounds in small intestine, their metabolism by gut microbiota is gaining increasing attention. The microbial metabolism of theasinensin A (TSA), a bioactive catechin dimer found in black tea, has not been studied yet. Here, TSA was extracted and purified for in vitro fermentation by human fecal microbiota, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and procyanidin B2 (PCB2) were used for comparison. Despite the similarity in their flavan-3-ol skeletons, metabolic fate of TSA was distinctively different. After degalloylation, its core biphenyl-2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexaol structure remained intact during fermentation. Conversely, EGCG and PCB2 were promptly degraded into a series of hydroxylated phenylcarboxylic acids. Computational analyses comparing TSA and PCB2 revealed that TSA's stronger interflavanic bond and more compact stereo-configuration might underlie its lower fermentability. These insights in the recalcitrance of theasinensins to degradation by human gut microbiota are of key importance for a comprehensive understanding of its health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liu
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA , The Netherlands
- Institute
of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - Wouter J.C. de Bruijn
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA , The Netherlands
| | - Mark G. Sanders
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA , The Netherlands
| | - Sisi Wang
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA , The Netherlands
| | - Marieke E. Bruins
- Food
& Biobased Research, Wageningen University
& Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The
Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA , The Netherlands
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27
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Hou K, Wang Z. Application of Nanotechnology to Enhance Adsorption and Bioavailability of Procyanidins: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1888970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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28
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Liu C, Vervoort J, Beekmann K, Baccaro M, Kamelia L, Wesseling S, Rietjens IMCM. Interindividual Differences in Human Intestinal Microbial Conversion of (-)-Epicatechin to Bioactive Phenolic Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14168-14181. [PMID: 33216536 PMCID: PMC7716348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To quantify interindividual differences in the human intestinal microbial metabolism of (-)-epicatechin (EC), in vitro anaerobic incubations with fecal inocula from 24 healthy donors were conducted. EC-derived colonic microbial metabolites were qualitatively and quantitively analyzed by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-TQ-MS) and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). Quantitative microbiota characterization was achieved by 16S rRNA analysis. The results obtained show 1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2″,4″,6″-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol (3,4-diHPP-2-ol) and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (3,4-diHPV) to be key intermediate microbial metabolites of EC and also revealed the substantial interindividual differences in both the rate of EC conversion and the time-dependent EC metabolite pattern. Furthermore, substantial differences in microbiota composition among different individuals were detected. Correlations between specific microbial phylotypes and formation of certain metabolites were established. It is concluded that interindividual differences in the intestinal microbial metabolism of EC may contribute to interindividual differences in potential health effects of EC-abundant dietary foods or drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Division
of Toxicology, Wageningen University and
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Karsten Beekmann
- Division
of Toxicology, Wageningen University and
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Baccaro
- Division
of Toxicology, Wageningen University and
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Lenny Kamelia
- Division
of Toxicology, Wageningen University and
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Sebas Wesseling
- Division
of Toxicology, Wageningen University and
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
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29
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Sorrenti V, Ali S, Mancin L, Davinelli S, Paoli A, Scapagnini G. Cocoa Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Interplay: Bioavailability, Prebiotic Effect, and Impact on Human Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071908. [PMID: 32605083 PMCID: PMC7400387 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa and its products are rich sources of polyphenols such as flavanols. These compounds exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, accountable for cocoa health-promoting effects. However, cocoa polyphenols are poorly absorbed in the intestine, and most of them cannot reach the systemic circulation in their natural forms. Instead, their secondary bioactive metabolites are bioavailable, enter the circulation, reach the target organs, and exhibit their activities. In fact, once reaching the intestine, cocoa polyphenols interact bidirectionally with the gut microbiota. These compounds can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota exerting prebiotic mechanisms. They enhance the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the number of pathogenic ones, such as Clostridium perfringens. On the other hand, bioactive cocoa metabolites can enhance gut health, displaying anti-inflammatory activities, positively affecting immunity, and reducing the risk of various diseases. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge of the bidirectional interaction between cocoa polyphenols and gut microbiota with their various health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3880944215
| | - Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.A.); (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Laura Mancin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (A.P.)
- Human Inspired Technology Research Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.A.); (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.A.); (S.D.); (G.S.)
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30
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Hollands WJ, Philo M, Perez‐Moral N, Needs PW, Savva GM, Kroon PA. Monomeric Flavanols Are More Efficient Substrates for Gut Microbiota Conversion to Hydroxyphenyl-γ-Valerolactone Metabolites Than Oligomeric Procyanidins: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Human Intervention Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901135. [PMID: 32223044 PMCID: PMC7378946 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The majority of ingested flavanols reach the colon where they are catabolized by the microbiota to form hydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactones (HGVLs). It is not known if the HGVLs are catabolic products of monomeric (epi)catechins (EPC), oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs), or both. Using data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial the relative contributions of catechins and OPC to the bioavailable pool of HGVLs are estimated. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants ingested an apple extract once daily for 28 days that delivered the following: i) 70 mg EPC and 65 mg OPC (low dose EPC), ii) 140 mg EPC and 130 mg OPC (high dose EPC), iii) 6 mg EPC and 130 mg OPC (OPC), and iv) a placebo control. Urine is collected over a 24-h period before and after treatments. The median urinary excretion of HGVLs after ingestion of the high dose EPC is tenfold higher than that excreted after ingestion of the OPC that provided an equivalent dose of PC. Approximately 22% of catechins are converted to HGVLs in contrast to PC, for which there is limited conversion. CONCLUSION Monomeric catechins are efficiently converted to derived HGVLs that are absorbed and excreted in human urine, whereas oligomeric PCs are much less efficiently converted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Hollands
- Food Innovation and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Mark Philo
- Food Innovation and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Natalia Perez‐Moral
- Food Innovation and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Paul W Needs
- Food Innovation and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - George M Savva
- Core Research ServicesQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Food Innovation and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichNR4 7UQUK
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31
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Prebiotic activity of monofloral honeys produced by stingless bees in the semi-arid region of Brazilian Northeastern toward Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12. Food Res Int 2020; 128:108809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Zhao Y, Zhang X. Interactions of tea polyphenols with intestinal microbiota and their implication for anti-obesity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:897-903. [PMID: 31588996 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TP) are the main components in tea. Studies in vitro have shown they have significant biological activity; however, the results are inconsistent with experiments in vivo. For the low bioavailability, most TP are thought to remain in the gut and metabolized by intestinal bacteria. In the gut, the unabsorbed TP are metabolized to a variety of derivative products by intestinal flora, which may accumulate to exert beneficial effects. Numerous studies have shown that TP can inhibit obesity and its related metabolism disorders effectively. Meanwhile, it has demonstrated that TP and their derivatives may modulate intestinal micro-ecology. The understanding of the interaction between TP and intestinal microbiota will allow us to better evaluate the contribution of microbial metabolites of TP to anti-obesity activity. This review showed implications for the use of TP as functional food with potential therapeutic utility against obesity by modulating intestinal microbiota, contributing to the improvement of human health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
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33
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Phan ADT, Williams BA, Netzel G, Mikkelsen D, D'Arcy BR, Gidley MJ. Independent fermentation and metabolism of dietary polyphenols associated with a plant cell wall model. Food Funct 2020; 11:2218-2230. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02987g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways of polyphenol degradation are not influenced by the presence of plant cell walls during in vitro fermentation, but co-fermentation of cell walls may lead to faster microbial metabolism of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. T. Phan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - B. A. Williams
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - G. Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - D. Mikkelsen
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - B. R. D'Arcy
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - M. J. Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
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Mena P, Bresciani L, Brindani N, Ludwig IA, Pereira-Caro G, Angelino D, Llorach R, Calani L, Brighenti F, Clifford MN, Gill CIR, Crozier A, Curti C, Del Rio D. Phenyl-γ-valerolactones and phenylvaleric acids, the main colonic metabolites of flavan-3-ols: synthesis, analysis, bioavailability, and bioactivity. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:714-752. [PMID: 30468210 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00062j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1958 to June 2018 Phenyl-γ-valerolactones (PVLs) and their related phenylvaleric acids (PVAs) are the main metabolites of flavan-3-ols, the major class of flavonoids in the human diet. Despite their presumed importance, these gut microbiota-derived compounds have, to date, in terms of biological activity, been considered subordinate to their parent dietary compounds, the flavan-3-ol monomers and proanthocyanidins. In this review, the role and prospects of PVLs and PVAs as key metabolites in the understanding of the health features of flavan-3-ols have been critically assessed. Among the topics covered, are proposals for a standardised nomenclature for PVLs and PVAs. The formation, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of PVLs and PVAs from different types of flavan-3-ols are discussed, taking into account in vitro and animal studies, as well as inter-individual differences and the existence of putative flavan-3-ol metabotypes. Synthetic strategies used for the preparation of PVLs are considered and the methodologies for their identification and quantification assessed. Metabolomic approaches unravelling the role of PVLs and PVAs as biomarkers of intake are also described. Finally, the biological activity of these microbial catabolites in different experimental models is summarised. Knowledge gaps and future research are considered in this key area of dietary (poly)phenol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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Han J, Meng J, Chen S, Li C. Integrative analysis of the gut microbiota and metabolome in rats treated with rice straw biochar by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17860. [PMID: 31780788 PMCID: PMC6883064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota contributes to host metabolism and health. This study aimed to assess the effects of biochar on cecal microbiome-related metabolic changes in rats. Rats were orally administered rice straw biochar (RSB) at 1120 mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks. Cecal samples were analyzed to perform metabolic and microbial profiling via a combination of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS techniques. We observed a significant influence of RSB in shaping the cecal bacterial community, including some potentially beneficial members of phylum Firmicutes belonging to unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Oscillibacter, and Clostridium XlVa and IV, as well as the depletion of some opportunistic pathogens belonging to Prevotella, Bacteroides and Paraprevotella. The metabolomic analysis revealed distinct changes in the cecal metabolic phenotype, including lower levels of L-isoleucine, indole-3-acetic acid, benzoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid as well as higher levels of L-phenylalanine, L-glutamate, 3-phenylpropanoic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, 7-dehydrocholesterol, (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)-eicosapentaenoic acid, 11-deoxycorticosterone and retinol, which are mainly involved in the metabolic pathways of linoleic acid, amino acid and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association of unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Oscillibacter and Clostridium IV with 3-phenylpropanoic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-glutamate, 11-deoxycorticosterone and 7-dehydrocholesterol. These results confirm that the gut microbiome is altered and may be critical for good performance under RSB application by interacting with metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, P.R. China
| | - Jun Meng
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, P.R. China.
| | - Shuya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, P.R. China
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Guo T, Song D, Ho CT, Zhang X, Zhang C, Cao J, Wu Z. Omics Analyses of Gut Microbiota in a Circadian Rhythm Disorder Mouse Model Fed with Oolong Tea Polyphenols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8847-8854. [PMID: 31328515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome has been revealed as a key element involved in maintaining the circadian rhythms. Oolong tea polyphenols (OTP) has been shown to have potential prebiotic activity. Therefore, this study focused on the regulation mechanisms of OTP on host circadian rhythms. After 8 weeks of OTP administration, a large expansion in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes with a decrease in Firmicutes was observed, which reflected the positive modulatory effect of OTP on gut flora. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of ATP-binding cassette transporters, two-component system, and the biosynthesis of amino acids enriched the most differentially expressed genes after OTP treatment. Of the differentially expressed proteins identified, most were related to metabolism, genetic information processing, and environmental information processing. It underscores the ability of OTP to regulate circadian rhythm by enhancing beneficial intestinal microbiota and affecting metabolic pathways, contributing to the improvement of host microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Chundan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
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Sobolev AP, Ciampa A, Ingallina C, Mannina L, Capitani D, Ernesti I, Maggi E, Businaro R, Del Ben M, Engel P, Giusti AM, Donini LM, Pinto A. Blueberry-Based Meals for Obese Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Multidisciplinary Metabolomic Pilot Study. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9070138. [PMID: 31295937 PMCID: PMC6680695 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A pilot study was carried out on five obese/overweight patients suffering from metabolic syndrome, with the aim to evaluate postprandial effects of high fat/high glycemic load meals enriched by blueberries. Postprandial urine samples were analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy after 2 and 4 h from ingestion to identify potential markers of blueberry intake. Significant decrease of methylamines, acetoacetate, acetone and succinate, known indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus, were observed after the intake of meals enriched with blueberries. On the other hand, an accumulation of p-hydroxyphenyl-acetic acid and 3-(3’-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydropropionic acid originating from gut microbial dehydrogenation of proanthocyanidins and procyanidins was detected. Real-time PCR-analysis of mRNAs obtained from mononuclear blood cells showed significant changes in cytokine gene expression levels after meals integrated with blueberries. In particular, the mRNAs expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), pro and anti-inflammation cytokines, respectively, significantly decreased and increased after blueberry supplementation, indicating a positive impact of blueberry ingestion in the reduction of risk of inflammation. The combined analysis of the urine metabolome and clinical markers represents a promising approach in monitoring the metabolic impact of blueberries in persons with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Petrovich Sobolev
- Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica "Annalaura Segre", Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, CNR, via Salaria km 29.300, I-00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciampa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica "Annalaura Segre", Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, CNR, via Salaria km 29.300, I-00015 Monterotondo, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica "Annalaura Segre", Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, CNR, via Salaria km 29.300, I-00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ernesti
- Sezione di Fisiopatologia Medica, Scienza dell'Alimentazione ed Endocrinologia - Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Maggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie medico-chirurgiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Rita Businaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie medico-chirurgiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Policlinico Umberto 1 Sapienza Università di Roma, viale del Policlinico 151, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Petra Engel
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Ufficio Rapporti Istituzionali e Relazioni Internazionali, Via Po 14, 00198 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Sezione di Fisiopatologia Medica, Scienza dell'Alimentazione ed Endocrinologia - Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo M Donini
- Sezione di Fisiopatologia Medica, Scienza dell'Alimentazione ed Endocrinologia - Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- Sezione di Fisiopatologia Medica, Scienza dell'Alimentazione ed Endocrinologia - Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Gleńsk M, Hurst WJ, Glinski VB, Bednarski M, Gliński JA. Isolation of 1-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2″,4″,6″-trihydroxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol from Grape Seed Extract and Evaluation of its Antioxidant and Antispasmodic Potential. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132466. [PMID: 31277501 PMCID: PMC6651082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HPLC profiling of phenolics in grape seed extracts revealed a prominent peak of an unknown substance with concentrations up to 5.3%. Spectroscopic data allowed the identification of the compound 1 as 1-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2″,4″,6″-trihydroxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol. 1 is known to be produced from catechin and epicatechin through anaerobic bacteria from human, as well as the rat, intestines. It was hypothesized that the marc remaining after expression of juice from grapes became infested during storage, resulting in the production of 1. Because compound 1 is infrequently found in nature and has never been found in grape seeds, its presence may be considered a marker of an unwanted anaerobic bacterial process occurring during production. The antioxidant potential of 1 was determined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays and compared to the potential of the following compounds: phloroglucine, pyrogallol, gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin. Furthermore, it was established that 1 significantly reduced guinea pig ileum contraction induced by histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gleńsk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | | | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Zhou Y, Zhang N, Arikawa AY, Chen C. Inhibitory Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols on Microbial Metabolism of Aromatic Amino Acids in Humans Revealed by Metabolomic Analysis. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9050096. [PMID: 31083533 PMCID: PMC6571926 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactivities and potential health benefits of green tea polyphenols (GTP) have been extensively investigated, but the metabolic impact of chronic GTP intake on humans is not well defined. In this study, fecal and urine samples from postmenopausal female subjects taking a GTP supplement or placebo for 12 months were compared by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis. The GTP-derived and GTP-responsive metabolites were identified and characterized by structural elucidation and quantitative analysis of the metabolites contributing to the separation of control and treatment samples in the multivariate models. Major GTP and their direct sulfate and glucuronide metabolites were absent in feces and urine. In contrast, GTP-derived phenyl-γ-valerlactone and phenylvaleric acid metabolites were identified as the most abundant GTP-derived metabolites in feces and urine, suggesting extensive microbial biotransformation of GTP in humans. Interestingly, GTP decreased the levels of microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids (AAA), including indoxyl sulfate, phenylacetylglutamine, and hippuric acid, in urine. However, it did not affect the levels of AAA, as well as other microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, in feces. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the fecal microbiome was not significantly affected by chronic consumption of GTP. Overall, microbial metabolism is responsible for the formation of GTP metabolites while GTP metabolism may inhibit the formation of AAA metabolites from microbial metabolism. Because these GTP-derived and GTP-responsive metabolites have diverse bioactivities, microbial metabolism of GTP and AAA may play important roles in the beneficial health effects of green tea consumption in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Andrea Y Arikawa
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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40
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Peng J, Jia Y, Hu T, Du J, Wang Y, Cheng B, Li K. GC-(4→8)-GCG, A Proanthocyanidin Dimer from Camellia ptilophylla, Modulates Obesity and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900082. [PMID: 30893514 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue leads to obesity and related chronic inflammation. This study aims to examine the effects of gallocatechin -(4→8)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (GC-(4→8)-GCG), a main proanthocyanidin dimer from Camellia ptilophylla (Cocoa tea), on adipocyte- and adipose-related inflammation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice are fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and GC-(4→8)-GCG (40 or 80 mg kg-1 d-1 ) for 8 weeks. The metabolic profiles, adipose tissue hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine production are investigated. Additionally, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are utilized to investigate the effect of GC-(4→8)-GCG on preadipocyte differentiation and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated inflammatory response in vitro. GC-(4→8)-GCG supplementation decreases HFD-induced epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) hypertrophy, suppresses proinflammatory cytokine production and macrophage infiltration in eWAT, and improves insulin sensitivity in HFD-induced obese mice. In vitro, GC-(4→8)-GCG shows a strong anti-adipogenic potential in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte by inhibiting the expression of key adipogenic transcription factors and decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION GC-(4→8)-GCG can modulate obesity and improve obesity-related insulin resistance by inhibiting preadipocyte differentiation and the related proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tianyong Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Longgang ENT Hospital and Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jing Du
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baohui Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Longgang ENT Hospital and Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Jaramillo Flores ME. Cocoa Flavanols: Natural Agents with Attenuating Effects on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040751. [PMID: 30935075 PMCID: PMC6520706 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in cacao flavanols is still growing, as bioactive compounds with potential benefits in the prevention of chronic diseases associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Several analytical methodologies support that the flavanols in cacao-derived products can be absorbed, have bioactive properties, and thus can be responsible for their beneficial effects on human health. However, it must be considered that their biological actions and underlying molecular mechanisms will depend on the concentrations achieved in their target tissues. Based on the antioxidant properties of cacao flavanols, this review focuses on recent advances in research regarding their potential to improve metabolic syndrome risk factors. Additionally, it has included other secondary plant metabolites that have been investigated for their protective effects against metabolic syndrome. Studies using laboratory animals or human subjects represent strong available evidence for biological effects of cacao flavanols. Nevertheless, in vitro studies are also included to provide an overview of these phytochemical mechanisms of action. Further studies are needed to determine if the main cacao flavanols or their metabolites are responsible for the observed health benefits and which are their precise molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Jaramillo Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu s/n esq, Manuel Stampa, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Alcaldía G. A. Madero, Ciudad de México CP 07738, Mexico.
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Le Bourvellec C, Bagano Vilas Boas P, Lepercq P, Comtet-Marre S, Auffret P, Ruiz P, Bott R, Renard CMGC, Dufour C, Chatel JM, Mosoni P. Procyanidin-Cell Wall Interactions within Apple Matrices Decrease the Metabolization of Procyanidins by the Human Gut Microbiota and the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the Resulting Microbial Metabolome In Vitro. Nutrients 2019; 11:E664. [PMID: 30893845 PMCID: PMC6471247 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
B-type oligomeric procyanidins in apples constitute an important source of polyphenols in the human diet. Their role in health is not known, although it is suggested that they generate beneficial bioactive compounds upon metabolization by the gut microbiota. During apple processing, procyanidins interact with cell-wall polysaccharides and form stable complexes. These interactions need to be taken into consideration in order to better assess the biological effects of fruit constituents. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of these interactions on the microbial metabolization of cell walls and procyanidins, and to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the resulting metabolome, in addition to analyzing the taxonomical changes which the microbiota undergo. In vitro fermentation of three model apple matrices with microbiota from 4 healthy donors showed that the binding of procyanidins to cell-wall polysaccharides, whether covalently or non-covalently, substantially reduced procyanidin degradation. Although cell wall-unbound procyanidins negatively affected carbohydrate fermentation, they generated more hydroxyphenylvaleric acid than bound procyanidins, and increased the abundance of Adlercreutzia and Gordonibacter genera. The best results in terms of production of anti-inflammatory bioactive metabolites were observed from the apple matrix with no bonds between procyanidins and cell wall polysaccharides, although the matrix with non-covalent bonds was not far behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Le Bourvellec
- UMR408 SQPOV «Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale», INRA, Avignon Université, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | | | - Pascale Lepercq
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR 0454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Sophie Comtet-Marre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR 0454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Pauline Auffret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR 0454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Ifremer, UMR 241 EIO, F-98702 Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Philippe Ruiz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR 0454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Romain Bott
- UMR408 SQPOV «Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale», INRA, Avignon Université, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Catherine M G C Renard
- UMR408 SQPOV «Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale», INRA, Avignon Université, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Claire Dufour
- UMR408 SQPOV «Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale», INRA, Avignon Université, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Micalis, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-7800 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Pascale Mosoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR 0454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Frolinger T, Sims S, Smith C, Wang J, Cheng H, Faith J, Ho L, Hao K, Pasinetti GM. The gut microbiota composition affects dietary polyphenols-mediated cognitive resilience in mice by modulating the bioavailability of phenolic acids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3546. [PMID: 30837576 PMCID: PMC6401062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols promote memory in models of sleep deprivation (SD), stress, and neurodegeneration. The biological properties of dietary polyphenols greatly depend upon the bioavailability of their phenolic metabolites derivatives, which are modulated by gut microbiota. We recently demonstrated that supplementation with grape-derived bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation (BDPP) improves SD-induced cognitive impairment. This study examined the role of the gut microbiota in the ability of BDPP to prevent memory impairment in response to SD. C57BL6/J mice, treated with antibiotics mix (ABX) or BDPP or both, were sleep-deprived at the end of a fear conditioning training session and fear memory was assessed the next day. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed in fecal samples and BDPP-driven phenolic acid metabolites extraction was measured in plasma. We report that the beneficial effect of BDPP on memory in SD is attenuated by ABX-induced dysbiosis. We identified specific communities of fecal microbiota that are associated with the bioavailability of BDPP-derived phenolic acids, which in turn, are associated with memory promotion. These results suggest the gut microbiota composition significantly affects the bioavailability of phenolic acids that drive the dietary polyphenols' cognitive resilience property. Our findings provide a preclinical model with which to test the causal association of gut microbiota-polyphenols, with the ultimate goal of potential developing dietary polyphenols for the prevention/treatment of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Frolinger
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA
| | - Steven Sims
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA
| | - Chad Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA
| | - Jeremiah Faith
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, New York, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, 10468, New York, USA.
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Achacha ( Garcinia humilis) Rind Improves Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101425. [PMID: 30287733 PMCID: PMC6213199 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia humilis is a fruit known as achachairú. It is native to South American countries such as Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil, but it is also cultivated as achacha in northern Australia. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals in achacha rind and pulp and to investigate these components as potential treatments for the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Both rind and pulp contain procyanidins and citric acid rather than hydroxycitric acid. Male Wistar rats (8⁻9 weeks old) were fed with either high-carbohydrate, high-fat, or corn starch diets for 16 weeks. Intervention groups were fed with either diet supplemented with 1.5% G. humilis rind powder or 2.0% G. humilis pulp for the last 8 weeks of the protocol. Rats fed a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet exhibited hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. G. humilis rind decreased systolic blood pressure, diastolic stiffness, left ventricular inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen deposition in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats. However, there was no change in glucose tolerance, body weight, or body composition. Therefore, G. humilis rind, usually a food by-product, but not the edible pulp, showed potential cardioprotection with minimal metabolic changes in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Evaluating the clinical importance of bacterial degradation of therapeutic agents in the lower intestine of adults using adult fecal material. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:142-150. [PMID: 30273661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optimize adult fecal material composition for evaluating the clinical importance of bacterial degradation of therapeutic agents in the lower intestine (distal small intestine, D-SI and proximal colon, P-COL). Evaluate the usefulness of optimized fecal material in the evaluation of bacterial degradation of five model highly permeable drugs: two nitroreductase substrates (nitrendipine and nimodipine), three drugs for which published data indicate no impact of bacterial degradation on in vivo performance (levodopa, budesonide and rivaroxaban) and one prodrug (sulfasalazine, an azoreductase substrate) from which a locally acting on the mucosa of the lower intestine drug is derived (mesalamine). METHODS 30 min and 95 min were used as point estimates of maximum bacterial degradation half-lives for bacterial degradation in D-SI or in P-COL, respectively, to be clinically important, i.e. for at least 20% reduction in absorption from D-SI or P-COL to occur. Optimization of fecal material was based on recently reported degradation profiles of metronidazole (a nitroreductase substrate) and olsalazine (an azoreductase substrate) in the lower intestine of healthy adults which are clinically important. Model compounds were tested in optimized fecal materials and data were evaluated vs. existing in vivo data in adults. RESULTS Simulated ileal bacteria (SIB) consisted of 5.5% (w/v) stools in normal saline and simulated colonic bacteria (SCoB) consisted of 8.3% (w/v) stools in normal saline. For all model compounds, data in SIB and SCoB were in line with available information in adults. [Degradation half-life in SIB/Degradation half-life in SCoB] ≈ [Stool content in SCoB/Stool content in SIB] ≈ 1.5, i.e. bacterial degradation in SIB could be predicted from bacterial degradation in SCoB. CONCLUSION Data in SCoB only are useful for evaluating whether bacterial degradation in P-COL and in D-SI is likely to be clinically important for orally administered, highly permeable drugs or prodrugs which act locally after bacterial degradation. The usefulness of this approach in cases where enzymes other than nitroreductases or azoreductases are involved requires further confirmation.
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Houghton MJ, Kerimi A, Mouly V, Tumova S, Williamson G. Gut microbiome catabolites as novel modulators of muscle cell glucose metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 33:1887-1898. [PMID: 30183376 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801209r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome supplies essential metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids to skeletal muscle mitochondria, and the composition and activity of the microbiota is in turn affected by muscle fitness. To further our understanding of the complex interactions between the gut microbiome and muscle, we examined the effect of microbiota-derived phenolic metabolites on the ability of human muscle cells to take up and metabolize glucose. As a model, we used the differentiated human skeletal muscle myoblast line, LHCN-M2, which expresses typical muscle phenotypic markers. We initially tested a selected panel of parent phenolic compounds and microbial metabolites, and their respective phenolic conjugates, as found in blood. Several of the tested compounds increased glucose uptake and metabolism, notably in high glucose- and insulin-treated myotubes. One of the most effective was isovanillic acid 3 -O-sulfate (IVAS), a metabolite from the microbiome found in the blood, primarily derived from consumed cyanidin 3 -O-glucoside, a major compound in berry fruits. IVAS stimulated a dose-dependent increase in glucose transport through glucose transporter GLUT4- and PI3K-dependent mechanisms. IVAS also up-regulated GLUT1, GLUT4, and PI3K p85α protein, and increased phosphorylation of Akt. The stimulation of glucose uptake and metabolism by a unique microbiome metabolite provides a novel link among diet, gut microbiota, and skeletal muscle energy source utilization.-Houghton, M. J., Kerimi, A., Mouly, V., Tumova, S., Williamson, G. Gut microbiome catabolites as novel modulators of muscle cell glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Houghton
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, Unite Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 974, Paris, France
| | - Sarka Tumova
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Ho CT, Guo X, Wu Z, Weng P, Yan M, Cao J. Metagenomics analysis of gut microbiota modulatory effect of green tea polyphenols by high fat diet-induced obesity mice model. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Trošt K, Ulaszewska MM, Stanstrup J, Albanese D, De Filippo C, Tuohy KM, Natella F, Scaccini C, Mattivi F. Host: Microbiome co-metabolic processing of dietary polyphenols - An acute, single blinded, cross-over study with different doses of apple polyphenols in healthy subjects. Food Res Int 2018; 112:108-128. [PMID: 30131118 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Apples are one of the most commonly consumed fruits and their high polyphenol content is considered one of the most important determinants of their health-promoting activities. Here we studied the nutrikinetics of apple polyphenols by UHPLC-HRMS metabolite fingerprinting, comparing bioavailability when consumed in a natural or a polyphenol-enriched cloudy apple juice. Twelve men and women participated in an acute single blind controlled crossover study in which they consumed 250 mL of cloudy apple juice (CAJ), Crispy Pink apple variety, or 250 mL of the same juice enriched with 750 mg of an apple polyphenol extract (PAJ). Plasma and whole blood were collected at time 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 h. Urine was collected at time 0 and 0-2, 2-5, 5-8, and 8-24 h after juice consumption. Faecal samples were collected from each individual during the study for 16S rRNA gene profiling. As many as 110 metabolites were significantly elevated following intake of polyphenol enriched cloudy apple juice, with large inter-individual variations. The comparison of the average area under the curve of circulating metabolites in plasma and in urine of volunteers consuming either the CAJ or the PAJ demonstrated a stable metabotype, suggesting that an increase in polyphenol concentration in fruit does not limit their bioavailability upon ingestion. Faecal bacteria were correlated with specific microbial catabolites derived from apple polyphenols. Human metabolism of apple polyphenols is a co-metabolic process between human encoded activities and those of our resident microbiota. Here we have identified specific blood and urine metabolic biomarkers of apple polyphenol intake and identified putative associations with specific genera of faecal bacteria, associations which now need confirmation in specifically designed mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Trošt
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy; Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria M Ulaszewska
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Jan Stanstrup
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Department of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
| | - Fausta Natella
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Cristina Scaccini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
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Influence of polyphenol rich seabuckthorn berries juice on release of polyphenols and colonic microbiota on exposure to simulated human digestion model. Food Res Int 2018; 111:314-323. [PMID: 30007692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of polyphenol rich Sea buckthorn berries juice (SBJ) on colonic microbial composition and diversity using in vitro simulated gut model. The release of polyphenols, their antioxidant activity and impact on microbial diversity was evaluated under long term fermentation for 21 days. The treatment of colonic reactors with basal feed supplemented with SBJ resulted in an increase in population and diversity of beneficial bacteria as revealed by viable cell count and PCR-DGGE. A higher release of phenolics was observed, which resulted in higher antioxidant activity in the colonic reactors throughout the treatment period (p < 0.05). Higher content of resveratrol, rutin and chlorogenic acid were observed in ascendens colon whereas quercetin, ferulic and caeffic acid level were higher in descendens colon due to biotransformation of polyphenols in the later part of colon. The Principal Component Analysis also indicated the stimulatory effect of SBJ on the beneficial microbial population of Lactobacilli, Bacteroides/Prevotella and Bifidobacteria in all the three reactors. It also confirmed higher release of polyphenolic compounds and associated antioxidant activities in descendens colon.
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Cheng M, Zhang X, Zhu J, Cheng L, Cao J, Wu Z, Weng P, Zheng X. A metagenomics approach to the intestinal microbiome structure and function in high fat diet-induced obesity mice fed with oolong tea polyphenols. Food Funct 2018; 9:1079-1087. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the modulatory effect of oolong tea polyphenols on the intestinal microbiota in human flora-associated high fat diet induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Marine Sciences
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Marine Sciences
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P.R. China
| | - Jieyu Zhu
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Marine Sciences
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P.R. China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Marine Sciences
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P.R. China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Marine Sciences
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology
- Wenzhou 325006
- P.R. China
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