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Videla LA, Valenzuela R, Del Campo A, Zúñiga-Hernández J. Omega-3 Lipid Mediators: Modulation of the M1/M2 Macrophage Phenotype and Its Protective Role in Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15528. [PMID: 37958514 PMCID: PMC10647594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex interplay between dietary factors, inflammation, and macrophage polarization is pivotal in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have brought in attention due to their potential to modulate inflammation and exert protective effects in various pathological conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have shown promise in mitigating inflammation and enhancing the resolution of inflammatory responses. They influence the M1/M2 macrophage phenotype balance, promoting a shift towards the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins (Rvs), protectins (PDs), and maresins (MaRs), have emerged as potent regulators of inflammation and macrophage polarization. They show anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, by modulating the expression of cytokines, facilitate the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, and promote tissue repair. MaR1, in particular, has demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects by promoting M2 macrophage polarization, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting key inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB. In the context of CLDs, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis, omega-3s and their SPMs have shown promise in attenuating liver injury, promoting tissue regeneration, and modulating macrophage phenotypes. The aim of this article was to analyze the emerging role of omega-3 FAs and their SPMs in the context of macrophage polarization, with special interest in the mechanisms underlying their effects and their interactions with other cell types within the liver microenvironment, focused on CLDs and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Andrea Del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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2
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Duan G, Zheng C, Yu J, Zhang P, Wan M, Zheng J, Duan Y. β-Hydroxy-β-methyl Butyrate Regulates the Lipid Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function, and Fat Browning of Adipocytes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112550. [PMID: 37299513 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of in vivo studies demonstrated that β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) can serve as a lipid-lowering nutrient. Despite this interesting observation, the use of adipocytes as a model for research is yet to be explored. To ascertain the effects of HMB on the lipid metabolism of adipocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the 3T3-L1 cell line was employed. Firstly, serial doses of HMB were added to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to evaluate the effects of HMB on cell proliferation. HMB (50 µM) significantly promoted the proliferation of preadipocytes. Next, we investigated whether HMB could attenuate fat accumulation in adipocytes. The results show that HMB treatment (50 µM) reduced the triglyceride (TG) content. Furthermore, HMB was found to inhibit lipid accumulation by suppressing the expression of lipogenic proteins (C/EBPα and PPARγ) and increasing the expression of lipolysis-related proteins (p-AMPK, p-Sirt1, HSL, and UCP3). We also determined the concentrations of several lipid metabolism-related enzymes and fatty acid composition in adipocytes. The HMB-treated cells showed reduced G6PD, LPL, and ATGL concentrations. Moreover, HMB improved the fatty acid composition in adipocytes, manifested by increases in the contents of n6 and n3 PUFAs. The enhancement of the mitochondrial respiratory function of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was confirmed via Seahorse metabolic assay, which showed that HMB treatment elevated basal mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, H+ leak, maximal respiration, and non-mitochondrial respiration. In addition, HMB enhanced fat browning of adipocytes, and this effect might be associated with the activation of the PRDM16/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway. Taken together, HMB-induced changes in the lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function may contribute to preventing fat deposition and improving insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengliao Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Hao L, Nie YH, Chen CY, Li XY, Kaliannan K, Kang JX. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Protect against High-Fat Diet-Induced Morphological and Functional Impairments of Brown Fat in Transgenic Fat-1 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911903. [PMID: 36233205 PMCID: PMC9570395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in the regulation of energy homeostasis remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a transgenic fat-1 mouse model, which can produce n-3 PUFAs endogenously, to investigate how n-3 PUFAs regulate the morphology and function of brown adipose tissue (BAT). We found that high-fat diet (HFD) induced a remarkable morphological change in BAT, characterized by “whitening” due to large lipid droplet accumulation within BAT cells, associated with obesity in wild-type (WT) mice, whereas the changes in body fat mass and BAT morphology were significantly alleviated in fat-1 mice. The expression of thermogenic markers and lypolytic enzymes was significantly higher in fat-1 mice than that in WT mice fed with HFD. In addition, fat-1 mice had significantly lower levels of inflammatory markers in BAT and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma compared with WT mice. Furthermore, fat-1 mice were resistant to LPS-induced suppression of UCP1 and PGC-1 expression and lipid deposits in BAT. Our data has demonstrated that high-fat diet-induced obesity is associated with impairments of BAT morphology (whitening) and function, which can be ameliorated by elevated tissue status of n-3 PUFAs, possibly through suppressing the effects of LPS on inflammation and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA
| | - Yong-Hui Nie
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiang-Yong Li
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kanakaraju Kaliannan
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(617)-726-8509; Fax: +1-(617)-726-6144
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4
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Gill PA, Inniss S, Kumagai T, Rahman FZ, Smith AM. The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota in Regulating Gastrointestinal and Inflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866059. [PMID: 35450067 PMCID: PMC9016115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is an important lifestyle factor that is known to contribute in the development of human disease. It is well established that poor diet plays an active role in exacerbating metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Our understanding of how the immune system drives chronic inflammation and disease pathogenesis has evolved in recent years. However, the contribution of dietary factors to inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and arthritis remain poorly defined. A western diet has been associated as pro-inflammatory, in contrast to traditional dietary patterns that are associated as being anti-inflammatory. This may be due to direct effects of nutrients on immune cell function. Diet may also affect the composition and function of gut microbiota, which consequently affects immunity. In animal models of inflammatory disease, diet may modulate inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and in other peripheral sites. Despite limitations of animal models, there is now emerging evidence to show that anti-inflammatory effects of diet may translate to human gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases. However, appropriately designed, larger clinical studies must be conducted to confirm the therapeutic benefit of dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Gill
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Inniss
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoko Kumagai
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farooq Z Rahman
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gut Microbiota, Macrophages and Diet: An Intriguing New Triangle in Intestinal Fibrosis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030490. [PMID: 35336066 PMCID: PMC8952309 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without specific treatment. As macrophages are the key actors in inflammatory responses and the wound healing process, they have been extensively studied in chronic diseases these past decades. By their exceptional ability to integrate diverse stimuli in their surrounding environment, macrophages display a multitude of phenotypes to underpin a broad spectrum of functions, from the initiation to the resolution of inflammation following injury. The hypothesis that distinct macrophage subtypes could be involved in fibrogenesis and wound healing is emerging and could open up new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of intestinal fibrosis. Gut microbiota and diet are two key factors capable of modifying intestinal macrophage profiles, shaping their specific function. Defects in macrophage polarisation, inadequate dietary habits, and alteration of microbiota composition may contribute to the development of intestinal fibrosis. In this review, we describe the intriguing triangle between intestinal macrophages, diet, and gut microbiota in homeostasis and how the perturbation of this discreet balance may lead to a pro-fibrotic environment and influence fibrogenesis in the gut.
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Zhu L, Liu L. New Insights Into the Interplay Among Autophagy, the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:739882. [PMID: 35432210 PMCID: PMC9008752 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.739882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a feature of metabolic syndrome with chronic inflammation in obese subjects, characterized by adipose tissue (AT) expansion, proinflammatory factor overexpression, and macrophage infiltration. Autophagy modulates inflammation in the enlargement of AT as an essential step for maintaining the balance in energy metabolism and waste elimination. Signaling originating from dysfunctional AT, such as AT containing hypertrophic adipocytes and surrounding macrophages, activates NOD-like receptor family 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. There are interactions about altered autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during the progress in obesity. We summarize the current studies and potential mechanisms associated with autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome in AT inflammation and aim to provide further evidence for research on obesity and obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Liu,
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7
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Meng F, Qiu J, Chen H, Shi X, Yin M, Zhu M, Yang G. Dietary supplementation with N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched fish oil promotes wound healing after ultraviolet B-induced sunburn in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3693-3700. [PMID: 34262728 PMCID: PMC8269668 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) can alleviate ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin cancers, but their effects on sunburn and upcoming wound healing remain controversial. This study aimed to explore the impact of n-3 PUFA-enriched fish oil (n-3 PUFA-FO) on UVB-induced sunburns and subsequent healing. Sixty C57BL/6 female mice were divided into two groups. The treated group mice were fed n-3 PUFA-FO for the entire duration of the experiment. Mice in the control group were fed a standard diet. After two weeks of n-3 PUFA-FO feeding, mice were exposed to UVB for 20 min and sacrificed 20 d later. Skin photodamage and lesion area were recorded during wound healing. Epidermal lesion thickness was quantified in hematoxylin and eosin-stained skin sections. Inflammation and macrophage polarization were assessed by qRT-PCR. Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity were quantified using specific ELISA kits. N-3 PUFA-FO feeding decreased UVB photodamage and accelerated wound healing progression, both of which were coupled with less intense inflammation and increased macrophage M2 phenotype polarization. Furthermore, n-3 PUFA-FO brought about a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels but increased the activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GP), without changing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. N-3 PUFA-FO protects against UVB-induced skin photodamage and promotes wound healing by modulating macrophage phenotypic polarization and antioxidant enzyme activities. N-3 PUFA-FO could be a novel therapeutic approach for both the prevention and treatment of sunburns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Meng
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | | | - Houjie Chen
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and TechnologyInternational Graduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and TechnologyInternational Graduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Meifang Yin
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Wound RepairShenzhen Institute of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Meishu Zhu
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Wound RepairShenzhen Institute of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Wound RepairShenzhen Institute of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Čížková T, Štěpán M, Daďová K, Ondrůjová B, Sontáková L, Krauzová E, Matouš M, Koc M, Gojda J, Kračmerová J, Štich V, Rossmeislová L, Šiklová M. Exercise Training Reduces Inflammation of Adipose Tissue in the Elderly: Cross-Sectional and Randomized Interventional Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5903324. [PMID: 32902644 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolic disturbances and a pro-inflammatory state associated with aging and obesity may be mitigated by physical activity or nutrition interventions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess whether physical fitness/exercise training (ET) alleviates inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), particularly in combination with omega-3 supplementation, and whether changes in AT induced by ET can contribute to an improvement of insulin sensitivity and metabolic health in the elderly. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The effect of physical fitness was determined in cross-sectional comparison of physically active/physically fit (trained) and sedentary/less physically fit (untrained) older women (71 ± 4 years, n = 48); and in double-blind randomized intervention by 4 months of ET with or without omega-3 (Calanus oil) supplementation (n = 55). Physical fitness was evaluated by spiroergometry (maximum graded exercise test) and senior fitness tests. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Samples of subcutaneous AT were used to analyze mRNA gene expression, cytokine secretion, and immune cell populations. RESULTS Trained women had lower mRNA levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers, lower relative content of CD36+ macrophages, and higher relative content of γδT-cells in AT when compared with untrained women. Similar effects were recapitulated in response to a 4-month ET intervention. Content of CD36+ cells, γδT-cells, and mRNA expression of several inflammatory and oxidative stress markers correlated to insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS In older women, physical fitness is associated with less inflammation in AT. This may contribute to beneficial metabolic outcomes achieved by ET. When combined with ET, omega-3 supplementation had no additional beneficial effects on AT inflammatory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Čížková
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Štěpán
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medicine 2, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Daďová
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Ondrůjová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sontáková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krauzová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medicine 2, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Matouš
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Koc
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gojda
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medicine 2, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kračmerová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Štich
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medicine 2, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Rossmeislová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Šiklová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Yang B, Ren XL, Li ZH, Shi MQ, Ding F, Su KP, Guo XJ, Li D. Lowering effects of fish oil supplementation on proinflammatory markers in hypertension: results from a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2020; 11:1779-1789. [PMID: 32044905 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reduced inflammation is one of the potential mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective efficacy of fish oil enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Supplementation with fish oil has favorable effects on cardiometabolic profiles in Inner Mongolia patients with hypertension, but whether the cardiovascular benefits can be ascribed to reduced subclinical inflammation is unclear among this population. Seventy-seven middle-aged/elderly hypertensive volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either fish oil (FO, n = 38, 2 g day-1 EPA + DHA) or control corn oil (CO, n = 39) for 90 days. FA compositions in erythrocytes and C-reactive protein (CRP, mg L-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg mL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, pg mL-1) concentrations in the plasma were measured before and after the 90-day supplementation, and the cardiometabolic risk was expressed as continuously distributed z-scores calculated by standardizing and then summing the individual cardiovascular risk factors. Significant reductions in the TNF-α (-1.87 ± 2.71 vs. -0.64 ± 2.62, p = 0.02) and CRP levels (-0.85 ± 2.49 vs. 0.56 ± 2.14, p = 0.01) were found in the FO group compared with the CO group, but not in the IL-6 levels (-0.66 ± 1.05 vs. -0.25 ± 0.94, p = 0.10). The decreases in the changes of TNF-α levels were positively correlated with the reductions in the cardiometabolic risk scores in the subjects supplemented with FO (r = 0.35, p = 0.02), but not in the control subjects supplemented with CO (r = 0.09, p = 0.54). FO supplementation increased the levels of EPA (p = 0.013), DHA (p = 0.040) and total n-3 FA (p = 0.035), and decreased the levels of 20:4n-6 (p = 0.041) and total n-6 FA (p = 0.011) and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA (p = 0.001), compared with the changes related to the CO group. The increases in the changes of erythrocyte total n-3 FA levels were inversely correlated with the concentrations of TNF-α (r = -0.34, p = 0.001) and CRP (r = -0.29, p = 0.020). The present findings suggest that fish oil supplementation may attenuate the proinflammatory reactions in hypertension, which might help promote the cardiometabolic benefits in this Inner Mongolia population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Institute of Lipids Medicine & School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Ren
- Institute of Lipids Medicine & School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zi-Hao Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Mei-Qi Shi
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Fang Ding
- The Province Center for Cardio-Cerebral-Vascular Disease, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Juan Guo
- Institute of Lipids Medicine & School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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11
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Liu R, Chen L, Wang Z, Zheng X, Hou Z, Zhao D, Long J, Liu J. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent obesity by improving tricarboxylic acid cycle homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 88:108503. [PMID: 32956825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on preventing obesity are well known; however, the underlying mechanism by which n-3 PUFAs influence tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle under obesity remains unclear. We randomly divided male C57BL/6 mice into 5 groups (n=10) and fed for 12 weeks as follows: mice fed a normal diet (Con, 10% kcal); mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD, lard, 60% kcal); and mice fed a high-fat diet (60% kcal) substituting half the lard with safflower oil (SO), safflower oil and fish oil (SF) and fish oil (FO), respectively. Then we treated HepG2 cells with palmitic acid and DHA for 24 h. We found that body weight in FO group was significantly lower than it in HFD and SO groups. N-3 PUFAs reduced the transcription and translation of TCA cycle enzymes, including IDH1, IDH2, SDHA, FH and MDH2, to enhance mitochondrial function in vivo and vitro. DHA significantly inhibited protein expression of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, increased p-AKT protein expression to alleviate insulin resistance and improved mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and glycolysis ability in HepG2 cells. In addition, the expressions of IDH2 and SDHB were reduced by rapamycin. N-3 PUFAs could prevent obesity by improving TCA cycle homeostasis and mTORC1 signaling pathway may be upstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xuewei Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Daina Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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12
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Chistyakov DV, Gavrish GE, Goriainov SV, Chistyakov VV, Astakhova AA, Azbukina NV, Sergeeva MG. Oxylipin Profiles as Functional Characteristics of Acute Inflammatory Responses in Astrocytes Pre-Treated with IL-4, IL-10, or LPS. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051780. [PMID: 32150861 PMCID: PMC7084882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional phenotypes, which cells can acquire depending on the microenvironment, are currently the focus of investigations into new anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches. Glial cells, microglia, and astrocytes are major participants in neuroinflammation, but their roles differ, as microglia are cells of mesodermal origin, while astrocytes are cells of ectodermal origin. The inflammatory phenotype of cells can be modulated by ω-6- and ω-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived oxylipins, although data on changes in oxylipin profiles in different cell adaptations to pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli are scarce. Our study aimed to compare UPLC-MS/MS-measured oxylipin profiles in various rat astrocyte adaptation states. We used cells treated for 24 h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for classical pro-inflammatory adaptation and with interleukin 4 (IL-4) or 10 (IL-10) for alternative anti-inflammatory adaptation, with the resulting phenotypes characterized by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). We also tested long-term, low-concentration LPS treatment (endotoxin treatment) as a model of astrocyte adaptations. The functional response of astrocytes was estimated by acute (4 h) LPS-induced cell reactivity, measured by gene expression markers and oxylipin synthesis. We discovered that, as well as gene markers, oxylipin profiles can serve as markers of pro- (A1-like) or anti-inflammatory (A2-like) adaptations. We observed predominant involvement of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the cyclooxygenase branch for classical (LPS) pro-inflammatory adaptations and ω-3 PUFA and the lipoxygenase branch for alternative (IL-4) anti-inflammatory adaptations. Treatment with IL-4, but not IL-10, primes the ability of astrocytes to activate the innate immunity signaling pathways in response to LPS. Endotoxin-treated astrocytes provide an alternative anti-inflammatory adaptation, which makes cells less sensitive to acute LPS stimulation than the IL-4 induced adaptation. Taken together, the data reveal that oxylipin profiles associate with different states of polarization to generate a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype. This association manifests itself both in native cells and in their responses to a pro-inflammatory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-939-4332
| | - Gleb E. Gavrish
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (G.E.G.); (N.V.A.)
| | - Sergei V. Goriainov
- SREC PFUR Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.G.); (V.V.C.)
| | - Viktor V. Chistyakov
- SREC PFUR Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.G.); (V.V.C.)
| | - Alina A. Astakhova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Nadezda V. Azbukina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (G.E.G.); (N.V.A.)
| | - Marina G. Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
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13
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Chen CY, Su CW, Kang JX. Endogenous Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduce the Number and Differentiation of White Adipocyte Progenitors in Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:235-240. [PMID: 31721479 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reducing the increased number of white adipocyte progenitors (WAP) is considered a novel approach to controlling obesity. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in regulating the WAP resident population is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 PUFA on the niche composition of adipose-derived stem cells. METHODS Stromal vascular cell fraction (SVF) was collected from subcutaneous fat of wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice carrying a fat-1 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans (Fat-1 mice), which are capable of synthesizing omega-3 PUFA and have much higher tissue levels of omega-3 PUFA relative to WT mice. The isolated SVF cells were cultured and used for the examination of adipocyte differentiation, adipogenic markers, fatty acid composition, and WAP numbers. RESULTS SVF isolated from Fat-1 mice (Fat-1-SVF) exhibited markedly fewer differentiated adipocytes with smaller cell size and less lipid content than that of WT mice (WT-SVF). Accordingly, adipogenesis-related genes and the white adipocyte surface marker ASC-1 were downregulated in Fat-1-SVF relative to WT-SVF. Furthermore, WAP numbers and adipose tissue macrophages were lower in Fat-1-SVF than WT-SVF. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 PUFA can both limit the WAP resident population and suppress their differentiation to white adipocytes, suggesting a new mechanism for the antiobesity effect of omega-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Liu R, Chen L, Wang Y, Zhang G, Cheng Y, Feng Z, Bai X, Liu J. High ratio of ω-3/ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids targets mTORC1 to prevent high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 79:108330. [PMID: 32179408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adjusting ω-3/ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratio in high-fat diet is one potential mean to improve metabolic syndrome; however, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Four groups of mice were fed 60% kcal diets with saturated fatty acids, three different ω-3/ω-6 PUFAs ratios (low, middle and high) for 12 weeks, respectively. Body weight, atherosclerosis marker, insulin signal index and level of lipid accumulation in liver were significantly lowered in High group compared with saturated fatty acids group and Low group at week 12. Expressions of p-mTOR and raptor were inhibited by high ω-3 PUFAs. Importantly, ω-3 PUFAs intake up-regulated mitochondrial electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway through metabolomics analysis in liver. Mitochondrial complexes activities were raised, fumaric acid was reduced and oxidative stress was alleviated in High group. We conclude that consuming long-term high-fat diet with same calories but high ω-3/ω-6 PUFAs ratio relieves metabolic syndrome by regulating mTORC1 pathway to enhance mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, China
| | - Guanfei Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, China.
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15
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Liebig M, Dannenberger D, Vollmar B, Abshagen K. n-3 PUFAs reduce tumor load and improve survival in a NASH-tumor mouse model. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319872118. [PMID: 31523414 PMCID: PMC6728677 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319872118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With 9.1% of all cancer deaths, hepatocellular carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Due to the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has evolved into a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development. Herein, we investigated whether a dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation improves the outcome of progressive NAFLD. Methods Feeding three high-fat diets, differing in n-3 and n-6 PUFA contents and ratios (n-3/n-6: 1:8, 1:1, 5:1), the impact of n-3 PUFAs and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios on NAFLD-related liver fibrosis and tumorigenesis was analyzed in 12- and 20-week-old streptozotocin/high-fat diet (STZ/HFD)-treated mice. Results Feeding of n-3 PUFA-rich diets (1:1 and 5:1) resulted in increased hepatic n-3 PUFA content and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio with decreased hepatic lipid accumulation. In 20-week-old mice, n-3 PUFA-rich diets alleviated tumor load significantly, with reduced liver/body weight index, tumor size, and tumor number. Finally, these effects were accompanied by a significant improvement of survival of these mice. Conclusions Herein, we showed that increased n-3 PUFA content and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios lead to improved survival and attenuated tumor progression in STZ/HFD-treated mice. Thus, n-3 PUFAs could be the basis for new therapeutic options against NAFLD-related tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Liebig
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
| | - Kerstin Abshagen
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
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16
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Burger B, Kühl CMC, Candreva T, Cardoso RDS, Silva JR, Castelucci BG, Consonni SR, Fisk HL, Calder PC, Vinolo MAR, Rodrigues HG. Oral administration of EPA-rich oil impairs collagen reorganization due to elevated production of IL-10 during skin wound healing in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9119. [PMID: 31235718 PMCID: PMC6591225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an essential process for organism survival. Some fatty acids have been described as modulators of wound healing. However, the role of omega-3 fatty acids is unclear. In the present work, we investigate the effects of oral administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich oil on wound healing in mice. After 4 weeks of EPA-rich oil supplementation (2 g/kg of body weight), mice had increased serum concentrations of EPA (20:5ω-3) (6-fold) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω-3) (33%) in relation to control mice. Omega-3 fatty acids were also incorporated into skin in the EPA fed mice. The wound healing process was delayed at the 3rd and 7th days after wounding in mice that received EPA-rich oil when compared to control mice but there was no effect on the total time required for wound closure. Collagen reorganization, that impacts the quality of the wound tissue, was impaired after EPA-rich oil supplementation. These effects were associated with an increase of M2 macrophages (twice in relation to control animals) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations in tissue in the initial stages of wound healing. In the absence of IL-10 (IL-10-/- mice), wound closure and organization of collagen were normalized even when EPA was fed, supporting that the deleterious effects of EPA-rich oil supplementation were due to the excessive production of IL-10. In conclusion, oral administration of EPA-rich oil impairs the quality of wound healing without affecting the wound closure time likely due to an elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Burger
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina M C Kühl
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Thamiris Candreva
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato da S Cardoso
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica R Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca G Castelucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sílvio R Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena L Fisk
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Aurélio R Vinolo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hosana G Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Song MY, Kim SH, Ryoo GH, Kim MK, Cha HN, Park SY, Hwang HP, Yu HC, Bae EJ, Park BH. Adipose sirtuin 6 drives macrophage polarization toward M2 through IL-4 production and maintains systemic insulin sensitivity in mice and humans. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 31113929 PMCID: PMC6529411 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation is a reproducible feature of obesity and obesity-linked insulin resistance. Although sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) deficiency has previously been implicated in diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance, the adipocyte-specific role of Sirt6 in the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and systemic metabolic dysfunction in mice fed normal chow and in humans remains elusive. Here, using Adipoq-Cre-mediated adipocyte-specific Sirt6 knockout (aS6KO) mice, we explored whether adipocyte Sirt6 inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and its underlying mechanism. aS6KO mice fed normal chow gained more body weight and fat mass than wild-type mice and exhibited glucose intolerance and systemic insulin resistance. Measurement of plasma and tissue cytokines and flow cytometric analysis of adipose stromal vascular cells indicated a decrease in alternatively activated M2 macrophages in the adipose tissue of aS6KO mice. Mechanistically, Sirt6 regulated the expression of the canonical type 2 cytokine IL-4 by adipocytes in a cell autonomous manner, which in turn affects M2 macrophage polarization. Consistent with animal experimental data, the degree of obesity and insulin resistance demonstrated by the body mass index, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c correlated negatively with the expression of Sirt6 in human visceral fat tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that adipocyte Sirt6 regulates body weight gain and insulin sensitivity independent of diet, and the increased IL-4 production by Sirt6 and resultant M2 polarization of adipose tissue macrophages may attenuate proinflammatory responses in adipose tissue. A protein in adipose tissue (composed of fat cells) helps protect against inflammation and the development of resistance to insulin that develops in obesity and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Researchers in South Korea, led by Eun Ju Bae at Woosuk University, Wanju, and Byung-Hyun Park at Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, investigated the role of Sirt6 in mice and in human adipose tissue. Deleting the mouse gene that codes for Sirt6 in adipocytes promoted the impaired response to insulin and associated increase in blood glucose levels that are two key aspects of diabetes. Changes in biochemical signaling pathways controlling immune cells called macrophages were implicated in these effects and suggest an anti-inflammatory role for Sirt6. Analysis of human adipose tissue supported these findings. The research will help understand how obesity promotes type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hee Ryoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Research Institute of Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Pil Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chul Yu
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kim JS, Takanche JS, Kim JE, Jeong SH, Han SH, Yi HK. Schisandra chinensis extract ameliorates age-related muscle wasting and bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1865-1877. [PMID: 31074579 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exercise and healthy diet consumption support healthy aging. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) also known as "Baill." has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the role of S. chinensis as an antiaging compound has yet to be demonstrated. This study elucidated the antiaging effect of S. chinensis ethanol-hexane extract (C1) and the effect of C1 treatment on muscle and bone following physical exercise in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. RAW 264.7, human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), C2C12 myoblasts, bone marrow macrophages, and MC3T3-E1 cells were used for in vitro, and muscle and bone of OVX rats were used for in vivo study to demonstrate the effect of C1. The C1 significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory molecules, β-galactosidase activity, and improved antioxidant activity via down-regulation of reactive oxygen species in RAW 264.7 and aged HDF cells. The C1 with exercise improved muscle regeneration in skeletal muscle of OVX rats by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy. C1 induced osteoblast differentiation, and C1 + exercise modulated the bone formation and bone resorption in OVX rats. C1 exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, myogenic, and osteogenic effects. C1 with exercise improved age-related muscle wasting and bone loss. Therefore, S. chinensis may be a potential prevent agent for age-related diseases such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Seok Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jyoti Shrestha Takanche
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hee Han
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, South Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Yi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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19
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Kim JS, Jeon J, An JJ, Yi HK. Interval running training improves age-related skeletal muscle wasting and bone loss: Experiments with ovariectomized rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:691-703. [PMID: 30843284 DOI: 10.1113/ep087458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect and mechanism of interval running training on age-related muscle wasting and bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model? What is the main finding and its importance? Interval running training improved muscle growth and osteogenic differentiation by enhancing the expression of bone morphogenic proteins and sirtuins in ageing-induced ovariectomized rats. Therefore, the repetition of low and high intensities within a single exercise bout, such as interval running training, may be recommended as a practical intervention to prevent skeletal muscle wasting and bone loss in the elderly. ABSTRACT Effective prophylactic strategies are needed for the suppression of age-related muscle wasting and bone loss after menopause. Exercise training is attractive due to its potential for improving energy metabolism, as well as age-related muscle wasting and bone loss. In particular, interval running (IR) training involves a repetition of low and high intensities within a single exercise bout. Therefore, this study elucidated the effect of interval training on muscle and bone health, as well as anti-ageing, in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The anti-ageing effect of IR on muscle and bone was tested using western blotting and micro-computed tomography analysis, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and immunohistochemical staining. IR significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory molecules, and improved antioxidant activity via down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the ageing-induced OVX rats skeletal muscle. IR compared with continuous running (CR) improved muscle mass and growth in OVX rats by the promotion of muscle growth-related factors including MyoD, myogenin, phospho-mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), sirtuins (SIRTs), and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs). IR also effectively recovered OVX-induced bone loss via the down-regulation of bone resorption and osteoclast formation in receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-treated bone marrowmacrophages (BMMs). In particular, IR led to high expression of SIRT1 and 6, which promoted osteogenic differentiation and bone formation via modulating the BMP signalling pathway compared with CR training. The in vivo effect of IR was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with the improvement of bone formation molecules such as BMPs and SIRTs. These results suggested that IR training affected myogenic and osteogenic formation. So, IR training may be considered for prevention of muscle wasting and bone loss for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Seok Kim
- College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjin-dong, Dukjin-ku, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- College of Education, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjin-dong, Dukjin-ku, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Jeong An
- College of Education, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjin-dong, Dukjin-ku, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Yi
- Schoolo of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjin-dong, Dukjin-ku, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea
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20
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Hohos NM, Cho KJ, Swindle DC, Allshouse AA, Rudolph MC, Skaznik-Wikiel ME. Fat-1 Transgene Is Associated With Improved Reproductive Outcomes. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3981-3992. [PMID: 30403782 PMCID: PMC6260063 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with a variety of health benefits. However, the role of ω-3 PUFAs in female reproductive function is unclear, with studies showing both positive and negative effects. The type of diet that ω-3 fatty acids are consumed with, for example, a balanced diet vs a high-fat diet (HFD), may influence how ω-3 fatty acids affect female reproductive function. To address the role of ω-3 PUFAs in female reproduction, we used the fat-1 mouse both with and without HFD exposure. Fat-1 mice constitutively express the fat-1 transgene, allowing the conversion of ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids to yield an optimal tissue ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids (∼1:1). In our study, at 15 weeks of age, fat-1 mice had elevated primordial follicles compared with wild-type controls with both standard chow and HFD feeding. Higher serum levels of the ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were positively associated with primordial follicle numbers, whereas the ratio of the ω-6 arachidonic acid to EPA + DPA + DHA had the opposite effect. Furthermore, fat-1 mice had increased pregnancy rates and shorter time to pregnancy when fed an HFD compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, our novel preclinical model suggests that high tissue levels of long-chain ω-3 PUFAs are associated with an improved ovarian reserve and improved reproductive outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate ω-3 PUFAs as a potential intervention strategy in women with diminished ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kirstin J Cho
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Delaney C Swindle
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amanda A Allshouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health at the University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Malgorzata E Skaznik-Wikiel
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Correspondence: Malgorzata E. Skaznik-Wikiel, MD, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045. E-mail:
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21
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Jang HY, Koo JH, Lee SM, Park BH. Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions are suppressed in fat-1 transgenic mice through the inhibition of inflammasomes. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-9. [PMID: 29899324 PMCID: PMC6001487 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical trials have addressed the beneficial effects of fish oil supplementation on atopic dermatitis. Recently, we reported that fat-1 mice, which can convert n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are protected against allergic airway inflammation because their Th2 immune responses are suppressed. Here, we examined the effects of endogenously synthesized n-3 PUFAs on atopic dermatitis, a representative Th2-dominant allergic inflammatory disease. Mouse models of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions were prepared by epicutaneous application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or house dust mite (HDM) extract to the ears. DNCB-treated fat-1 mice exhibited markedly reduced epidermal thickening, lower mast cell infiltration, and lower serum IgE and histamine compared with wild-type mice. The draining lymph nodes of fat-1 mice were substantially smaller and contained significantly smaller proportions of activated CD4+ T cells and IL-4-producing Th2 cells than those of wild-type mice. Consistent with these findings, the mRNA levels of Th2 cytokines were significantly decreased in DNCB-sensitized skin lesions of fat-1 mice. Lastly, inflammasome activation, IL-1β production, and pyroptotic cell injury were suppressed in fat-1 mice. Similar results were observed in HDM-challenged fat-1 mice. This study confirms the results of previous clinical studies and suggests fish oil supplementation as a therapeutic strategy for atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Hyun Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Kang YS, Kim CH, Kim JS. The effects of downhill and uphill exercise training on osteogenesis-related factors in ovariectomy-induced bone loss. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2017; 21:1-10. [PMID: 29036760 PMCID: PMC5643207 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2017.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent evidence suggests that regular exercise training plays a decisive role in maintaining homeostasis and promoting muscle and skeletal formation. However, the effect of downhill exercise training on osteogenesis-related factors is not well understood. METHODS Thus, we investigated the effect of uphill and downhill training on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss. After ovary removal, the exercise method performed included uphill (16 m/min, +15°) and downhill training (16 m/min, -15°) for 60 min/day and 5 days/week, respectively, for 8 weeks. RESULTS Our results showed that both uphill and downhill training significantly decreased the body weight, total cholesterol, and creatine kinase (CK) levels in the context of OVX-induced bone loss. On the contrary, levels of an osteogenesis indicator, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were elevated. Consequently, the uphill and downhill training reduced OVX- induced bone loss in the distal femoral metaphysis. Likewise, the bone microstructure in OVX-induced bone loss was enhanced upon training. In particular, the inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and osteoclast-specific gene expression improved upon downhill training compared to uphill training. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the uphill and downhill exercise types appeared to positively affect the expression of osteogenesis-related factors along with bone density and microstructure. Particularly, the downhill training has more beneficial effects on the maintenance of homeostasis during bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Seok Kang
- Department of Sports Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Ho Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Kim
- Department of Sports Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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23
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Ma C, Zhang Q, Greten TF. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through direct and indirect effects on hepatocytes. FEBS J 2017; 285:752-762. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- GI-Malignancy Section; Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Qianfei Zhang
- GI-Malignancy Section; Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Tim F. Greten
- GI-Malignancy Section; Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
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24
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Ohue-Kitano R, Yasuoka Y, Goto T, Kitamura N, Park SB, Kishino S, Kimura I, Kasubuchi M, Takahashi H, Li Y, Yeh YS, Jheng HF, Iwase M, Tanaka M, Masuda S, Inoue T, Yamakage H, Kusakabe T, Tani F, Shimatsu A, Takahashi N, Ogawa J, Satoh-Asahara N, Kawada T. α-Linolenic acid-derived metabolites from gut lactic acid bacteria induce differentiation of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages through G protein-coupled receptor 40. FASEB J 2017; 32:304-318. [PMID: 28904023 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700273r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among dietary fatty acids with immunologic effects, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), have been considered as factors that contribute to the differentiation of M2-type macrophages (M2 macrophages). In this study, we examined the effect of ALA and its gut lactic acid bacteria metabolites 13-hydroxy-9(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (13-OH) and 13-oxo-9(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (13-oxo) on the differentiation of M2 macrophages from bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) and investigated the underlying mechanisms. BMDCs were stimulated with ALA, 13-OH, or 13-oxo in the presence of IL-4 or IL-13 for 24 h, and significant increases in M2 macrophage markers CD206 and Arginase-1 (Arg1) were observed. In addition, M2 macrophage phenotypes were less prevalent following cotreatment with GPCR40 antagonists or inhibitors of PLC-β and MEK under these conditions, suggesting that GPCR40 signaling is involved in the regulation of M2 macrophage differentiation. In further experiments, remarkable M2 macrophage accumulation was observed in the lamina propria of the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice after intragastric treatments with ALA, 13-OH, or 13-oxo at 1 g/kg of body weight per day for 3 d. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of M2 macrophage differentiation involving fatty acids from gut lactic acid bacteria and GPCR40 signaling.-Ohue-Kitano, R., Yasuoka, Y., Goto, T., Kitamura, N., Park, S.-B., Kishino, S., Kimura, I., Kasubuchi, M., Takahashi, H., Li, Y., Yeh, Y.-S., Jheng, H.-F., Iwase, M., Tanaka, M., Masuda, S., Inoue, T., Yamakage, H., Kusakabe, T., Tani, F., Shimatsu, A., Takahashi, N., Ogawa, J., Satoh-Asahara, N., Kawada, T. α-Linolenic acid-derived metabolites from gut lactic acid bacteria induce differentiation of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages through G protein-coupled receptor 40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yasuoka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; .,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kitamura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Si-Bum Park
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Kasubuchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Yongjia Li
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Mari Iwase
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Masuda
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamakage
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kusakabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Food Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; and
| | - Akira Shimatsu
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Applied Life Sciences, Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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