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Cheng FW, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Shamah-Levy T, Pérez-Tepayo S, Ford NA. Association Between Avocado Consumption and Diabetes in Mexican Adults: Results From the 2012, 2016, and 2018 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00192-8. [PMID: 38648888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avocado contains numerous vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that can contribute to reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, limited studies have examined the association between avocados and diabetes risk. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between avocado consumption and diabetes by sex in Mexican adults. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included a subsample of adults (aged 20 years and older) from the 2012, 2016, and 2018 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. Avocado consumption was assessed using a 7-day, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and participants were classified as avocado consumers (consuming any amount of avocado) or nonconsumers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were considered to have diabetes if they answered "yes" to "Has a doctor ever told that you have diabetes or high blood sugar?" STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED This analysis assessed the association between avocado intake and diabetes using multivariate logistic models by sex and adjusted for relevant covariates. RESULTS Of 28 239 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012, 2016, and 2018 participants, 25 640 met the criteria (ie, have diabetes outcome and plausible energy and avocado intakes) for this study. More than half of the participants were women, and approximately 45% were avocado consumers, with an average (SE) avocado consumption of 34.7 (0.9) among men and 29.8 (0.8) g/day among women. Avocado consumers had lower odds of diabetes in both unadjusted (odds ratio [OR] 0.762, 95% CI 0.639 to 0.907) and adjusted (OR 0.792, 95% CI 0.632 to 0.993) models among women but not men (OR 1.192, 95% CI: 0.907 to 1.566 and OR 0.914, 95% CI 0.675 to 1.239 for unadjusted and adjusted models, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Avocado consumption was associated with a lower risk of diabetes, which remained significant even when adjusted for relevant covariates. However, this finding was observed in only women, not men, underscoring the importance of personalized nutrition in diabetes care and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feon W Cheng
- Avocado Nutrition Center, Mission Viejo, California
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sandra Pérez-Tepayo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nikki A Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, Mission Viejo, California
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2
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Obesity, bone marrow adiposity, and leukemia: Time to act. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13674. [PMID: 38092420 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has taken the face of a pandemic with less direct concern among the general population and scientific community. However, obesity is considered a low-grade systemic inflammation that impacts multiple organs. Chronic inflammation is also associated with different solid and blood cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates that individuals with obesity are at higher risk of developing blood cancers and have poorer clinical outcomes than individuals in a normal weight range. The bone marrow is critical for hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and myelopoiesis. Therefore, it is vital to understand the mechanisms by which obesity-associated changes in BM adiposity impact leukemia development. BM adipocytes are critical to maintain homeostasis via different means, including immune regulation. However, obesity increases BM adiposity and creates a pro-inflammatory environment to upregulate clonal hematopoiesis and a leukemia-supportive environment. Obesity further alters lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis via different mechanisms, which dysregulate myeloid and lymphoid immune cell functions mentioned in the text under different sequentially discussed sections. The altered immune cell function during obesity alters hematological malignancies and leukemia susceptibility. Therefore, obesity-induced altered BM adiposity, immune cell generation, and function impact an individual's predisposition and severity of leukemia, which should be considered a critical factor in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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3
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Ford NA, Spagnuolo P, Kraft J, Bauer E. Nutritional Composition of Hass Avocado Pulp. Foods 2023; 12:2516. [PMID: 37444254 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avocados (Persea americana) are a unique fruit that can provide health benefits when included in a healthy diet. As health care moves towards precision health and targeted therapies or preventative medicine, it is critical to understand foods and their dietary components. The nutritional composition and plant physiology of the Hass avocado is strikingly different from other fruits. This paper reviews the nutrient and bioactive composition of the edible portion of the Hass avocado (pulp) reported in the literature and from commercial lab analyses of the current market supply of fresh Hass avocados. These results provide comprehensive data on what nutrients and bioactives are in avocado and the quantity of these nutrients. We discuss the reasons for nutrient composition variations and review some potential health benefits of bioactive compounds found in Hass avocados.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
| | - Paul Spagnuolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ella Bauer
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
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4
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Torres-Vanda M, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Mexican Plants Involved in Glucose Homeostasis and Body Weight Control: Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2070. [PMID: 37432178 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, provoking many different diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic-degenerative disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are currently considered public health problems, and their prevalence has increased over the last few years. Because of the high cost involved in the treatment of both diseases, different alternatives have been sought. However, the general population uses medicinal plants, in the form of tea or infusions, to treat different diseases. Therefore, traditional medicine using medicinal plants has been investigated as a possible treatment for type 2 diabetes and body weight control. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this review is to find medicinal plants used in Mexico that could exert their beneficial effect by regulating insulin secretion and body weight control. MATERIAL AND METHOD For the development of this review, Mexican plants used in traditional medicine to treat type 2 diabetes and body weight control were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria include plants that presented a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and/or an increase in insulin secretion. RESULTS We found 306 Mexican plants with hypoglycemic effects. However, plants that did not show evidence of an increase in insulin secretion were eliminated. Finally, only five plants were included in this review: Momordica charantia L. (melón amargo), Cucurbita ficifolia bouché (chilacayote), Coriandrum sativum L. (cilantro), Persea americana Mill. (aguacate) Bidens pilosa (amor seco), including 39 articles in total. Here, we summarized the plant extracts (aqueous and organic) that have previously been reported to present hypoglycemic effects, body weight control, increased secretion and sensitivity of insulin, improvement of pancreatic β cells, and glucose tolerance. Additionally, these effects may be due to different bioactive compounds present in the plants' extracts. CONCLUSION Both in vivo and in vitro studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of these plant extracts regarding insulin secretion to be used as a possible treatment for type 2 diabetes and body weight control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Torres-Vanda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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5
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Zhang X, Xiao D, Guzman G, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman B. Avocado Consumption for 12 Weeks and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Insulin Resistance. J Nutr 2022; 152:1851-1861. [PMID: 35700149 PMCID: PMC9486596 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets emphasizing unsaturated fat and high fiber are associated with reducing cardiometabolic risk factors. Avocados are rich in MUFA and PUFA fats and fiber. OBJECTIVES Assess replacement of carbohydrate energy with avocado energy for 12 wk on glucose homeostasis and cardiometabolic risk factors in self-selecting free-living adults who are overweight or with obesity and have insulin resistance. METHODS In a single-center, randomized, 2-arm, controlled, 12-wk parallel trial, adults [n = 93; male/female: 39/54; mean ± SD age: 42 ± 12 y; BMI: 32.6 ± 3.9 (in kg/m2); HOMA-IR: 2.7 ± 1.7] were counseled to exchange avocado (AV) or control food (C; low fat, low fiber, energy matched) for carbohydrate food in their usual diet for 12 wk. The primary outcome was the change in Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (MISI) after 12-wk interventions. Secondary outcomes were changes in fasting and post-oral glucose tolerance test glycemic variables, fasting lipids, endothelial activation and inflammation markers. Automated Self-Administered 24-h Dietary Assessment Tool captured weekly dietary intake. Intervention effects were mainly determined by ANCOVA using PC-SAS version 9.4. RESULTS Dietary total, MUFA, and PUFA fat; fiber; and vegetable intake were higher in the AV group compared with the C group (P < 0.05), and no change in body weight or composition was observed (P > 0.05). Differences between the changes in MISI after AV compared with C were not different (Δ0-12 wk, P = 0.1092). Differences in fasting insulin (Δ0-12 wk, P = 0.0855) and improved glycated hemoglobin (Δ0-12 wk, P = 0.0632) after AV compared with C were suggested. C-reactive protein was significantly lower after AV compared with C at 12 wk (P = 0.0418). Select biomarkers of endothelial activation and lipoproteins by NMR were also influenced by AV compared with C food intake. CONCLUSIONS Avocado intake was associated with a healthier dietary pattern and trends favoring improved glucose control and reduced biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk when replacing avocado energy for carbohydrate energy in free-living adults who are overweight or with obesity and have insulin resistance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02695433.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhuiqun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gabriela Guzman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Jayasankar V, Vrdoljak N, Roma A, Ahmed N, Tcheng M, Minden MD, Spagnuolo PA. Novel Mango Ginger Bioactive (2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3,5-diprenyldihydrochalcone) Inhibits Mitochondrial Metabolism in Combination with Avocatin B. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1682-1693. [PMID: 35071863 PMCID: PMC8771686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with limited effective chemotherapy options and negative patient outcomes. Food-derived molecules such as avocatin B (Avo B), a fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitor, are promising novel therapeutics. The roots of the Curcuma amada plants have been historically used in traditional medicine, but isolated bioactive compounds have seldom been studied. Here, we report that 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-diprenyldihydrochalcone (M1), a bioactive from C. Amada, possesses novel anticancer activity. This in vitro study investigated the antileukemia properties of M1 and its effects on mitochondrial metabolism. In combination with Avo B, M1 synergistically reduced AML cell line viability and patient-derived clonogenic growth with no effect on normal peripheral blood stem cells. Mechanistically, M1 alone inhibited mitochondria complex I, while the M1/Avo B combination inhibited FAO by 60%, a process essential to the synergy. These results identified a novel food-derived bioactive and its potential as a novel chemotherapeutic for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Jayasankar
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Nikolina Vrdoljak
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Alessia Roma
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Nawaz Ahmed
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Matthew Tcheng
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Mark D. Minden
- University
Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Paul A. Spagnuolo
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
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7
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Zhao WW, Xiao M, Wu X, Li XW, Li XX, Zhao T, Yu L, Chen XQ. Ilexsaponin A 1 Ameliorates Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:771976. [PMID: 34970143 PMCID: PMC8712733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) metabolism is an attractive therapeutic target in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the effect of ilexsaponin A1 (IsA), a major bioactive ingredient of Ilex, on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice with a focus on BA homeostasis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD to induce NAFLD and were treated with IsA (120 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that administration of IsA significantly decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), attenuated liver steatosis, and decreased total hepatic BA levels in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. IsA-treated mice showed increased BA synthesis in the alternative pathway by upregulating the gene expression levels of sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and cholesterol 7b-hydroxylase (CYP7B1). IsA treatment accelerated efflux and decreased uptake of BA in liver by increasing hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and bile salt export pump (BSEP) expression, and reducing Na+-taurocholic acid cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) expression. Alterations in the gut microbiota and increased bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity might be related to enhanced fecal BA excretion in IsA-treated mice. This study demonstrates that consumption of IsA may prevent HFD-induced NAFLD and exert cholesterol-lowering effects, possibly by regulating the gut microbiota and BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Wei Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Pistell PJ, Utsuki T, Francis J, Ebenezer PJ, Terrebonne J, Roth GS, Ingram DK. An Avocado Extract Enriched in Mannoheptulose Prevents the Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 14:155. [PMID: 35011030 PMCID: PMC8746741 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beginning at 16 weeks of age and continuing for 44 weeks, male C57BL/6J were fed either a control (CON) diet; a high-fat (HF) diet (60% unsaturated); or the HF diet containing an extract of unripe avocados (AvX) enriched in the 7-carbon sugar mannoheptulose (MH), designed to act as a glycolytic inhibitor (HF + MH). Compared to the CON diet, mice on the HF diet exhibited higher body weights; body fat; blood lipids; and leptin with reduced adiponectin levels, insulin sensitivity, VO2max, and falls from a rotarod. Mice on the HF + MH diet were completely protected against these changes in the absence of significant diet effects on food intake. Compared to the CON diet, oxidative stress was also increased by the HF diet indicated by higher levels of total reactive oxygen species, superoxide, and peroxynitrite measured in liver samples by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, whereas the HF + MH diet attenuated these changes. Compared to the CON, the HF diet increased signaling in the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and the addition of the MH-enriched AvX to this diet attenuated these changes. Beyond generating further interest in the health benefits of avocados, these results draw further new attention to the effects of this rare sugar, MH, as a botanical intervention for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Pistell
- Department of Psychology, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, USA;
| | - Tadanobu Utsuki
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Joseph Francis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (J.F.); (P.J.E.)
| | - Philip J. Ebenezer
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (J.F.); (P.J.E.)
| | - Jennifer Terrebonne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 5600 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - George S. Roth
- GeroScience, Inc., 19895 Southern Hills, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA;
| | - Donald K. Ingram
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 5600 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
- GeroScience, Inc., 19895 Southern Hills, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA;
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9
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Tcheng M, Minden MD, Spagnuolo PA. Avocado-derived avocadyne is a potent inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13895. [PMID: 34397122 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avocatin-B (Avo-B), an avocado-derived 1:1 mixture of the polyhydroxylated alcohols avocadyne (AYNE) and avocadene, eliminated leukemia cells by suppressing fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in vivo and in vitro while sparing healthy blood cells. In this study, we identified AYNE as the most potent FAO inhibitor within the Avo-B mixture capable of inducing cell death in leukemia cells lines (IC50 : 3.10 ± 0.14 µM in TEX cells; 11.53 ± 3.32 µM in OCI-AML2) and patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia cells. When added individually, the two Avo-B constituents demonstrated antagonism (Combination Index values >1), highlighting the need for future studies to assess AYNE alone. Together, this work highlighted AYNE as the most potent FAO inhibitor within the Avo-B mixture. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This work identifies which of the two molecules in avocatin B (Avo-B), an avocado-derived mixture of two molecules with demonstrated human safety, utility against leukemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, is most useful. Therefore, it provides the basis for future clinical studies that will focus on testing and developing the most active Avo-B constituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tcheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Center, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul A Spagnuolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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10
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Tcheng M, Cunha VLS, Ahmed N, Liu X, Smith RW, Rea KA, Akhtar TA, D'Alessandro A, Minden MD, Vockley J, O'Doherty GA, Lowary TL, Spagnuolo PA. Structure-activity relationship of avocadyne. Food Funct 2021; 12:6323-6333. [PMID: 34095930 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00693b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Avocado consumption is associated with numerous health benefits. Avocadyne is a terminally unsaturated, 17-carbon long acetogenin found almost exclusively in avocados with noted anti-leukemia and anti-viral properties. In this study, specific structural features such as the terminal triple bond, odd number of carbons, and stereochemistry are shown to be critical to its ability to suppress mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and impart selective activity in vitro and in vivo. Together, this is the first study to conduct a structure-activity analysis on avocadyne and outline the chemical moieties critical to fatty acid oxidation suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tcheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G2W1.
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11
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Functional foods - dietary or herbal products on obesity: application of selected bioactive compounds to target lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Ford NA, Liu AG. The Forgotten Fruit: A Case for Consuming Avocado Within the Traditional Mediterranean Diet. Front Nutr 2020; 7:78. [PMID: 32548125 PMCID: PMC7272688 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is rich in fruits and vegetables and includes an abundant intake of oleic-acid-rich olive oil. People who adhere to a Mediterranean diet have reduced risk for numerous chronic diseases. As obesity rates rise globally, people who choose to follow a traditional Mediterranean diet and/or make improvements in food choices may reduce their risk of metabolic dysfunction and disease. Incorporating non-traditional fruits and vegetables into the Mediterranean diet could provide greater flexibility in suitable food choices for people who struggle to adhere to recommended healthy dietary patterns, and it could also provide greater adaptability for people living outside of the Mediterranean region who are interested in adopting the diet. The avocado fruit thrives in a Mediterranean climate, is produced in the region, and is rich in oleic acid and fiber, yet avocados are not commonly consumed within the traditional Mediterranean diet. Based on the existing research studies on the health benefits of avocado consumption and the continued investigation into the nutritional attributes of the avocado, a case can be made for including avocados as part of the Mediterranean dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, Mission Viejo, CA, United States
| | - Ann G Liu
- Independent Researcher, Valencia, CA, United States
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13
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Ahmed N, Kermanshahi B, Ghazani SM, Tait K, Tcheng M, Roma A, Callender SP, Smith RW, Tam W, Wettig SD, Rogers MA, Marangoni AG, Spagnuolo PA. Avocado-derived polyols for use as novel co-surfactants in low energy self-emulsifying microemulsions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5566. [PMID: 32221368 PMCID: PMC7101315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.; Lauraceae) seed-derived polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs) or polyols (i.e., avocadene and avocadyne) are metabolic modulators that selectively induce apoptosis of leukemia stem cells and reverse pathologies associated with diet-induced obesity. Delivery systems containing avocado polyols have not been described. Herein, natural surface active properties of these polyols are characterized and incorporated into self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) that rely on molecular self-assembly to form fine, transparent, oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions as small as 20 nanometers in diameter. Mechanistically, a 1:1 molar ratio of avocadene and avocadyne (i.e., avocatin B or AVO was shown to be a eutectic mixture which can be employed as a novel, bioactive, co-surfactant that significantly reduces droplet size of medium-chain triglyceride O/W emulsions stabilized with polysorbate 80. In vitro cytotoxicity of avocado polyol-SEDDS in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines indicated significant increases in potency and bioactivity compared to conventional cell culture delivery systems. A pilot pharmacokinetic evaluation of AVO SEDDS in C57BL/6J mice revealed appreciable accumulation in whole blood and biodistribution in key target tissues. Lastly, incorporation of AVO in SEDDS significantly improved encapsulation of the poorly water-soluble drugs naproxen and curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Ahmed
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Behnoush Kermanshahi
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Saeed M Ghazani
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Katrina Tait
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Matthew Tcheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Alessia Roma
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Shannon P Callender
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Richard W Smith
- University of Waterloo Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shawn D Wettig
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | | | - Paul A Spagnuolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada.
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