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Hu H, Qimu G, Nie J, Wu N, Dan T. Selection of a galactose-positive mutant strain of Streptococcus thermophilus and its optimized production as a high-vitality starter culture. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00787-2. [PMID: 38754828 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermophilus) is a common starter in yogurt production and plays an important role in the dairy industry. In this study, a galactose-positive (Gal+) mutant strain, IMAU20246Y, was produced using the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) from wild type S. thermophilus IMAU20246 which was known to have good fermentation characteristics. The sugar content of milk fermented by either the mutant or the wild type was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); metabolism of lactose and galactose was significantly increased in the mutant strain. In addition, we used the response surface methodology to optimize components of the basic medium M17 for survival ratio of the mutant strain. Under these optimal conditions, the viable counts of mutant S. thermophilus IMAU20246Y reached 4.15 × 108 cfu/mL and following freeze drying in the medium retained cell viability of up to 67.42%. The above results are conducive to production of a high vitality starter culture and development of 'low sugar, high sweetness' dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Gesudu Qimu
- Inner Mongolia Scitop Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011508, China
| | - Jiaying Nie
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Na Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Tong Dan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
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2
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Si Q, Sun W, Liang B, Chen B, Meng J, Xie D, Feng L, Jiang P. Systematic Metabolic Profiling of Mice with Sleep-Deprivation. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300413. [PMID: 37880935 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Adequate sleep is essential for the biological maintenance of physical energy. Lack of sleep can affect thinking, lead to emotional anxiety, reduce immunity, and interfere with endocrine and metabolic processes, leading to disease. Previous studies have focused on long-term sleep deprivation and the risk of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. However, systematic metabolomics analyses of blood, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, brown adipose tissue, and fecal granules have not been performed. This study aims to systematically assess the metabolic changes in the target organs caused by sleep deprivation in vivo, to search for differential metabolites and the involved metabolic pathways, to further understand the impact of sleep deprivation on health, and to provide strong evidence for the need for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Si
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, 277599, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxue Sun
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhui Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Meng
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dadi Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, 277599, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
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3
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Sayas-Barberá E, Paredes C, Salgado-Ramos M, Pallarés N, Ferrer E, Navarro-Rodríguez de Vera C, Pérez-Álvarez JÁ. Approaches to Enhance Sugar Content in Foods: Is the Date Palm Fruit a Natural Alternative to Sweeteners? Foods 2023; 13:129. [PMID: 38201157 PMCID: PMC10778573 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The current levels of added sugars in processed foods impact dental health and contribute to a range of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as overweight, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. This review presents sugars and sweeteners used in food processing, the current possibility to replace added sugars, and highlights the benefits of using dates as a new natural, nutritious and healthy alternative to synthetic and non-nutritive sweeteners. In the context of environmental sustainability, palm groves afford a propitious habitat for a diverse array of animal species and assume a pivotal social role by contributing to the provisioning of sustenance and livelihoods for local communities. The available literature shows the date as an alternative to added sugars due to its composition in macro and micronutrients, especially in bioactive components (fiber, polyphenols and minerals). Therefore, dates are presented as a health promoter and a preventative for certain diseases with the consequent added value. The use of damaged or unmarketable dates, due to its limited shelf life, can reduce losses and improve the sustainability of date palm cultivation. This review shows the potential use dates, date by-products and second quality dates as sugar substitutes in the production of sweet and healthier foods, in line with broader sustainability objectives and circular economy principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Sayas-Barberá
- Instituto de Investigación en Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (E.S.-B.); (C.P.); (J.Á.P.-Á.)
| | - Concepción Paredes
- Instituto de Investigación en Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (E.S.-B.); (C.P.); (J.Á.P.-Á.)
| | - Manuel Salgado-Ramos
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (M.S.-R.); (N.P.); (E.F.)
| | - Noelia Pallarés
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (M.S.-R.); (N.P.); (E.F.)
| | - Emilia Ferrer
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (M.S.-R.); (N.P.); (E.F.)
| | - Casilda Navarro-Rodríguez de Vera
- Instituto de Investigación en Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (E.S.-B.); (C.P.); (J.Á.P.-Á.)
| | - José Ángel Pérez-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación en Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (E.S.-B.); (C.P.); (J.Á.P.-Á.)
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4
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Song J, Liu Y, Yin X, Nan Y, Shi Y, Chen X, Liang H, Zhang J, Ma B. Isolation and structural elucidation of prebiotic oligosaccharides from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108948. [PMID: 37783055 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Six oligosaccharides were discovered and isolated for the first time from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, their structures were determined to be verbascose (1), verbascotetraose (2), stachyose (3), manninotriose (4), raffinose (5), and melibiose (6). The prebiotic effect of the oligosaccharide fraction was assayed by eight gut bacterial growth in vitro, revealing a significant increase in cell density, up to 4-fold, for Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus johnsonii. The impact of six oligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization (DPs) and structures on the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus was evaluated. As a result, stachyose and raffinose demonstrated superior support for bacterial growth compared to the other oligosaccharides. This study explored the structure-activity relationship of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and showed that the more the monosaccharide type, the more supportive the gut bacteria growth when oligosaccharides have the same molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiangchang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuhao Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Haizhen Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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5
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Greenfield E, Alves MDS, Rodrigues F, Nogueira JO, da Silva L, de Jesus HP, Cavalcanti DR, Carvalho BFDC, Almeida JD, Mendes MA, Oliveira Alves MG. Preliminary Findings on the Salivary Metabolome of Hookah and Cigarette Smokers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36845-36855. [PMID: 37841134 PMCID: PMC10569005 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the salivary metabolomic profile of patients who habitually smoke hookah and cigarettes. The groups consisted of 33 regular and exclusive hookah smokers, 26 regular and exclusive cigarette smokers, and 30 nonsmokers. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected for the measurement of salivary metabolites by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The MetaboAnalyst software was used for statistical analysis and evaluation of biomarkers. 11 smoking salivary biomarkers were identified using the area under receiving-operator curver criterion and threshold of 0.9. Xylitol and octadecanol were higher in cigarette smokers compared to controls; arabitol and maltose were higher in controls compared to cigarette smokers; octadecanol and tyramine were higher in hookah smokers compared to controls; phenylalanine was higher in controls compared to hookah smokers; and fructose, isocitric acid, glucuronic acid, tryptamine, maltose, tyramine, and 3-hydroxyisolvaleric acid were higher in hookah smokers compared to cigarettes smokers. Conclusions: The evaluation of the salivary metabolome of hookah smokers, showing separation between the groups, especially between the control versus hookah groups and cigarette versus hookah groups, and it seems to demonstrate that the use of hookah tobacco is more damaging to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Greenfield
- Technology
Research Center (NPT), Universidade de Mogi
das Cruzes, Mogi das
Cruzes 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Sá Alves
- Department
of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues
- Technology
Research Center (NPT), Universidade de Mogi
das Cruzes, Mogi das
Cruzes 08780-911, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho
- Department
of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department
of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Maria Anita Mendes
- Dempster
MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves
- Technology
Research Center (NPT), Universidade de Mogi
das Cruzes, Mogi das
Cruzes 08780-911, Brazil
- Department
of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil
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6
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Kwon D, Lee W, Kim SH, Jung YS. Comparison of Hepatic Metabolite Profiles between Infant and Adult Male Mice Using 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100910. [PMID: 36295812 PMCID: PMC9611911 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although age-related characteristics of hepatic metabolism are reported, those in infants are not fully understood. In the present study, we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling of the livers of infant (3-week-old) and adult (9-week-old) male ICR mice using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and compared 35 abundant hepatic metabolite concentrations between the two groups. The liver/body weight ratio did not differ between the two groups; however, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were lower in infants than in adults. Hepatic carbohydrate metabolites (glucose, maltose, and mannose) were higher, whereas amino acids (glutamine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and valine) were lower in infant mice than in adult mice. The concentrations of ascorbate, betaine, sarcosine, and ethanolamine were higher, whereas those of taurine, inosine, and O-phosphocholine were lower in infant mice than in adult mice. The differences in liver metabolites between the two groups could be due to differences in their developmental stages and dietary sources (breast milk for infants and laboratory chow for adults). The above results provide insights into the hepatic metabolism in infants; however, the exact implications of the findings require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyoung Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (Y.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-51-5102816 (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (Y.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-51-5102816 (Y.-S.J.)
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7
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Nakbi A, Bouzid M, Khemis IB, Aouaini F, Hassen AB, Torkia YB, Lamine AB. A putative biological adsorption process of binary mixture taste of sucrose and caffeine on human neuroreceptor site by the use of statistical physics modeling. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Li D, Shi Y, Sun Y, Wang Z, Kehoe DK, Romeral L, Gao F, Yang L, McCurtin D, Gun’ko YK, Lyons MEG, Xiao L. Microbe-Based Sensor for Long-Term Detection of Urine Glucose. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5340. [PMID: 35891020 PMCID: PMC9320042 DOI: 10.3390/s22145340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of a reusable and low-cost urine glucose sensor can benefit the screening and control of diabetes mellitus. This study focused on the feasibility of employing microbial fuel cells (MFC) as a selective glucose sensor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels in human urine. Using MFC technology, a novel cylinder sensor (CS) was developed. It had a quick response time (100 s), a large detection range (0.3-5 mM), and excellent accuracy. More importantly, the CS could last for up to 5 months. The selectivity of the CS was validated by both synthetic and actual diabetes-negative urine samples. It was found that the CS's selectivity could be significantly enhanced by adjusting the concentration of the culture's organic matter. The CS results were comparable to those of a commercial glucose meter (recovery ranged from 93.6% to 127.9%) when the diabetes-positive urine samples were tested. Due to the multiple advantages of high stability, low cost, and high sensitivity over urine test strips, the CS provides a novel and reliable approach for continuous monitoring of urine glucose, which will benefit diabetes assessment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunzhu Li
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (F.G.); (L.Y.); (D.M.)
| | - Yunhong Shi
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (F.G.); (L.Y.); (D.M.)
| | - Yifan Sun
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (F.G.); (L.Y.); (D.M.)
| | - Zeena Wang
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (F.G.); (L.Y.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniel K. Kehoe
- AMBER Research Centre and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.K.K.); (L.R.); (M.E.G.L.)
| | - Luis Romeral
- AMBER Research Centre and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.K.K.); (L.R.); (M.E.G.L.)
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (F.G.); (L.Y.); (D.M.)
| | - Luming Yang
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (F.G.); (L.Y.); (D.M.)
| | - David McCurtin
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (F.G.); (L.Y.); (D.M.)
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yurii K. Gun’ko
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
- BEACON, Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael E. G. Lyons
- AMBER Research Centre and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.K.K.); (L.R.); (M.E.G.L.)
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (D.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (F.G.); (L.Y.); (D.M.)
- TrinityHaus, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Fels L, Bunzel M. Application of accelerated heteronuclear single quantum coherence experiments to the rapid quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides in dairy products. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:692-701. [PMID: 35102606 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are important dietary components, but if insufficiently metabolized by some population subgroups, they are also linked to disease patterns. Thus, the correct analytical identification, quantification, and labeling of these food components are crucial to inform and potentially protect consumers. Enzymatic assays and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection are established methods for the quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides that, however, require long measuring times (60-180 min). Accelerated methods for the identification and quantification of the nutritionally relevant monosaccharides and disaccharides d-glucose, d-galactose, d-fructose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose were therefore developed. To realize this goal, the NMR experiments HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) and acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization (ASAP)-HSQC were applied. Measurement times were reduced to 27 and 6 min, respectively, by optimizing the interscan delay and applying non-uniform sampling. The optimized methods were used to quantify d-glucose, d-galactose, d-fructose, sucrose, and lactose in various dairy products. Results of the HSQC and ASAP-HSQC methods are equivalent to the results of the reference methods in terms of both precision and accuracy, demonstrating that these methods can be used to correctly analyze nutritionally relevant monosaccharides and disaccharides in short times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Fels
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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Consumer Motives for Choosing Fruit and Cereal Bars—Differences Due to Consumer Lifestyles, Attitudes toward the Product, and Expectations. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132710. [PMID: 35807890 PMCID: PMC9268435 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and cereal bars are the response to the changing needs of consumers seeking health-promoting and convenient products. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) method, with 1034 respondents consuming products of this kind. The aims of the study were (1) to identify consumer segments based on the importance they attached to the selected attributes of fruit and cereal bars and (2) to characterize the identified segments in terms of frequency and reasons for the consumption of fruit and cereal bars, views on their impact on health, and consumer behavior related to the selected lifestyle elements. Five distinct consumer clusters were identified. Involved and Health-oriented were more likely to consume bars, perceiving them as nutritious products, with a positive impact on health. Frugal and Visual consumed fruit and cereal bars the least frequently. They paid little attention to choosing healthier products in daily diet and physical activity. The Information seekers consumed bars to reduce stress and to improve their mood.
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11
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Fels L, Ruf F, Bunzel M. Quantification of Isomaltulose in Food Products by Using Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence NMR-Experiments. Front Nutr 2022; 9:928102. [PMID: 35832046 PMCID: PMC9271938 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.928102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isomaltulose is a commonly used sweetener in sports nutrition and in products intended for consumption by diabetics. Because previously established chromatographic methods for quantification of isomaltulose suffer from long analysis times (60–210 min), faster quantitative approaches are required. Here, an HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) experiment with reduced interscan delay was established in order to quantify isomaltulose next to potential additional sugars such as d-glucose, d-fructose, d-galactose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose in 53 min. By using HSQC coupled to non-uniform sampling (NUS) as well as ASAP-HSQC (acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization), analysis times were reduced to a few minutes. Application of NUS-HSQC with reduced interscan delay takes 27 min, resulting in accurate and precise data. In principle, application of ASAP-HSQC approaches (with analysis times as low as 6 min) can be used; however, precision data may not suffice all applications.
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12
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Current Advances and Future Aspects of Sweetener Synergy: Properties, Evaluation Methods and Molecular Mechanisms. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sweetener synergy is the phenomenon in which certain combinations of sweeteners work more effectively than the theoretical sum of the effects of each components. It provides benefits in reducing sweetener dosages and improving their sweetness. Many mixtures of sweeteners with synergistic effects have been reported up to now. Both artificial high-intensity sweeteners and natural sweeteners are popularly used in sweetener mixtures for synergism, although the former seem to display more potential to exhibit synergy than the latter. Furthermore, several evaluation methods to investigate sweetener synergy have been applied, which could lead to discrepancies in results. Moreover, structurally dissimilar sweeteners could cooperatively bind at the different sites in the sweet taste receptor T1R2/T1R3 to activate the receptor, and their hydration characters/packing characteristics in solvents could affect their interaction with the receptor, providing the preliminary explanations for the molecular basis of sweetener synergy. In this article, we firstly present a systematic review, analysis and comment on the properties, evaluation methods and molecular mechanisms of sweetener synergy. Secondly, challenges of sweetener synergy in both theory and practice and possible strategies to overcome these limitations are comprehensively discussed. Finally, future perspectives for this important performance in human sweet taste perception are proposed.
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13
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Prentice RL, Pettinger M, Zheng C, Neuhouser ML, Raftery D, Gowda GAN, Huang Y, Tinker LF, Howard BV, Manson JE, Van Horn L, Wallace R, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Johnson KC, Snetselaar L, Lampe JW. Biomarkers for Components of Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate with Application to Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women. J Nutr 2022; 152:1107-1117. [PMID: 35015878 PMCID: PMC8970980 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently developed protein and carbohydrate intake biomarkers using metabolomics profiles in serum and urine, and used them to correct self-reported dietary data for measurement error. Biomarker-calibrated carbohydrate density was inversely associated with chronic disease risk, whereas protein density associations were mixed. OBJECTIVES To elucidate and extend this earlier work through biomarker development for protein and carbohydrate components, including animal protein and fiber. METHODS Prospective disease association analyses were undertaken in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohorts of postmenopausal US women, aged 50-79 y when enrolled at 40 US clinical centers. Biomarkers were developed using an embedded human feeding study (n = 153). Calibration equations for protein and carbohydrate components were developed using a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436). Calibrated intakes were associated with chronic disease incidence in WHI cohorts (n = 81,954) over a 20-y (median) follow-up period, using HR regression methods. RESULTS Previously reported elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with higher-protein diets tended to be explained by animal protein density. For example, for coronary heart disease a 20% increment in animal protein density had an HR of 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.42) relative to the HR for total protein density. In comparison, cancer and diabetes risk showed little association with animal protein density beyond that attributable to total protein density. Inverse carbohydrate density associations with total CVD were mostly attributable to fiber density, with a 20% increment HR factor of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.94). Cancer risk showed little association with fiber density, whereas diabetes risk had a 20% increment HR of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.98) relative to the HRs for total carbohydrate density. CONCLUSIONS In a population of postmenopausal US women, CVD risk was associated with high-animal-protein and low-fiber diets, cancer risk was associated with low-carbohydrate diets, and diabetes risk was associated with low-fiber/low-carbohydrate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Pettinger
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G A Nagana Gowda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara V Howard
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, and MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Wallace
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen C Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Chlorophytum Comosum (Green Type) (Thunb.) Jacq. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030762. [PMID: 35164026 PMCID: PMC8840168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophytum genus has been extensively studied due to its diverse biological activities. We evaluated the methanolic extract of leaves of Chlorophytum comosum (Green type) (Thunb.) Jacques, the species that is less studied compared to C. borivilianum. The aim was to identify phytoconstituents of the methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum and biological properties of its different fractions. Water fraction was analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Nineteen compounds belonging to different chemical classes were identified in the methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum (Green type) (Thunb.) Jacques. In addition to several fatty acids, isoprenoid and steroid compounds were found among the most abundant constituents. One of the identified compounds, 4'-methylphenyl-1C-sulfonyl-β-d-galactoside, was not detected earlier in Chlorophytum extracts. The water fraction was toxic to HeLa cells but not to Vero cells. Our data demonstrate that methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum can be a valuable source of bioactive constituents. The water fraction of the extract exhibited promising antitumor potential based on a high ratio of HeLa vs. Vero cytotoxicity.
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15
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Cheng PW, Liang HL, Lin HL, Hao CL, Tseng YH, Tu YC, Yeh BC, Shen KP. Pre-germinated brown rice alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fructose and high fat intake in rat. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:248-255. [PMID: 35692676 PMCID: PMC9130058 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In past researches, we had been proved the action mechanism of pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) to treat metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. This study was to investigate the protective effect of PGBR in high fructose and high fat-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rodents. WKY rats were divided into: Control group was fed normal drinking water and diet; FLD group was fed 10% high-fructose-water (HFW) and high-fat-diet (HFD); PGBR group was given HFW, and HFD mixed PGBR. After four weeks, the body, hepatic and cardiac weight gains of FLD group had significant increases than that of Control group. The enhanced blood pressure and heart rate, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, and higher liver function index (GPT levels) were observed; meanwhile, the IL-6 and TNF-α levels of serum, and TG level of liver were also elevated in FLD group. The related protein expressions of lipid synthesis, inflammation, cardiac fibrosis, and hypertrophy were deteriorated by HFW/HFD. However, in treatment group, PGBR decreased all above influenced parameters, additionally GOT; and related protein expressions. PGBR treated HFW/HFD-induced NAFLD and cardiac complications might be via improving lipid homeostasis, and inhibiting inflammation. Together, PGBR could be used as a healthy food for controlling NAFLD and its’ cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Hsin-Li Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
| | - Chi-Long Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital
| | - Yu-Hsiu Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
| | - Yi-Chen Tu
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
| | - Bor-Chun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
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16
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Impacts of polyols and temperature on the micellization, interaction and thermodynamics behavior of the mixture of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide and polyvinyl alcohol. Z PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2021-3065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Herein, the aggregation manner of the mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) was performed in polyols (glucose, maltose and galactose) media over 300.55–320.55 K temperatures range with 5 K interval through conductivity measurement method. The micelle formation of TTAB + PVA mixture was identified by the assessment of critical micelle concentration (CMC) from the plots of specific conductivity (κ) versus TTAB concentration. The degree of micelle ionization (α), the extent of bound counter ions (β) as well as thermodynamic properties (
Δ
G
m
0
${\Delta}{G}_{m}^{0}$
,
Δ
H
m
0
${\Delta}{H}_{m}^{0}$
and
Δ
S
m
0
${\Delta}{S}_{m}^{0}$
) of TTAB + PVA systems have been estimated. The CMC values reveal that the micelle formation of TTAB + PVA mixture experience an enhancement in the manifestation of polyols. The values of free energy of micellization (
Δ
G
m
0
${\Delta}{G}_{m}^{0}$
) are negative for the TTAB + PVA system in aqueous polyols media, suggesting a spontaneous aggregation phenomenon. The
Δ
H
m
0
${\Delta}{H}_{m}^{0}$
and
Δ
S
m
0
${\Delta}{S}_{m}^{0}$
values of TTAB + PVA systems direct that the PVA molecule interacts with TTAB through the exothermic, ion-dipole, and hydrophobic interactions. The thermodynamic properties of transfer were also determined for the move of TTAB + PVA mixture from H2O to water + polyols mixed solvents. The values of compensation temperature (T
c) and intrinsic enthalpy gain (
Δ
H
m
0
,
∗
${\Delta}{H}_{m}^{0,\ast }$
) were evaluated and discussed for the studied system.
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Cansino S, Torres-Trejo F, Estrada-Manilla C, Flores-Mendoza A, Ramírez-Pérez G, Ruiz-Velasco S. Influence of Dietary Nutrient Intake on Episodic Memory Across the Adult Life Span. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:724595. [PMID: 34526891 PMCID: PMC8435902 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.724595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify nutrients that have the ability to impact brain functioning and, as a consequence, influence episodic memory. In particular, we examined recollection, the ability to recall details of previous experiences, which is the episodic memory process most affected as age advances. A sample of 1,550 healthy participants between 21 and 80 years old participated in the study. Nutritional intake was examined through a food frequency questionnaire and software developed to determine the daily consumption of 64 nutrients based on food intake during the last year. Recollection was measured through a computerized source memory paradigm. First, we identified which nutrients influence recollection across the entire adult life span. Then, moderator analyses were conducted by dividing the sample into young (21–40 years old), middle-aged (41–60 years old) and older (61–80 years old) adults to establish in which life stage nutrients influence episodic memory. Across the adult life span, recollection accuracy was shown to benefit from the intake of sodium, heme, vitamin E, niacin, vitamin B6, cholesterol, alcohol, fat, protein, and palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic, gadoleic, alpha-linoleic and linoleic acid. The effects of energy, maltose, lactose, calcium and several saturated fatty acids on recollection were modulated by age; in older adults, the consumption of these nutrients negatively influenced episodic memory performance, and in middle-aged adults, only lactose had negative effects. Several brain mechanisms that support episodic memory were influenced by specific nutrients, demonstrating the ability of food to enhance or deteriorate episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Cansino
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Frine Torres-Trejo
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cinthya Estrada-Manilla
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Flores-Mendoza
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Ramírez-Pérez
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Ruiz-Velasco
- Applied Mathematics and Systems Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Abstract
Like many biological compounds, proteins are found primarily in their homochiral form. However, homochirality is not guaranteed throughout life. Determining their chiral proteinogenic sequence is a complex analytical challenge. This is because certain d-amino acids contained in proteins play a role in human health and disease. This is the case, for example, with d-Asp in elastin, β-amyloid and α-crystallin which, respectively, have an action on arteriosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and cataracts. Sequence-dependent and sequence-independent are the two strategies for detecting the presence and position of d-amino acids in proteins. These methods rely on enzymatic digestion by a site-specific enzyme and acid hydrolysis in a deuterium or tritium environment to limit the natural racemization of amino acids. In this review, chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques, such as LC, SFC, GC and CE, will be recently developed (2018–2020) for the enantioseparation of amino acids and peptides. For future work, the discovery and development of new chiral stationary phases and derivatization reagents could increase the resolution of chiral separations.
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Abstract
Although the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14 is used worldwide, its effect on liver diseases remains unelucidated. Here, 32 rats were divided into four groups, gavaged with L. acidophilus LA14 (3 × 109 CFU) or phosphate-buffered saline for 7 days, and then intraperitoneally injected with d-galactosamine or saline. After 24 h, blood, liver, ileum, and feces samples were collected for liver injury, inflammation, intestinal barrier, gut microbiota, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses. Pretreatment with L. acidophilus LA14 alleviated the d-galactosamine-induced elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bile acids; mitigated the histological injury to the liver and gut; and suppressed the inflammatory cytokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), MIP-3α, and MCP-1. L. acidophilus LA14 also ameliorated the d-galactosamine-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and metabolism, such as the enrichment of Bacteroides sp. strain dnLKV3 and the depletion of Streptococcus, butanoic acid, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. The underlying mechanism of L. acidophilus LA14 included prevention of not only the d-galactosamine-induced upregulation of infection- and tumor-related pathways but also the d-galactosamine-induced downregulation of antioxidation-related pathways during this process, as reflected by the liver transcriptome and proteome analyses. Furthermore, the administration of L. acidophilus LA14 to healthy rats did not alter the tested liver indicators but significantly enriched the beneficial Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, promoted metabolism and regulated pathways to improve immunity. The ability of L. acidophilus LA14 to alleviate liver injury was further confirmed with an acetaminophen-induced mouse model. These results might provide a reference for future studies on the application of L. acidophilus LA14 for the prevention of liver injury. IMPORTANCE The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14 is widely used, but its effect on liver diseases has not been elucidated. We explored the protective effect of L. acidophilus LA14 on the liver using rats with d-galactosamine-induced liver injury. Pretreatment with L. acidophilus LA14 alleviated the d-galactosamine-induced elevation of serum ALT, AST, ALP, and bile acids, mitigated the histological injury to the liver and gut, and suppressed the inflammatory cytokines MIP-1α, MIP-3α, and MCP-1. These effects were correlated with the modulations of the gut microbiome, metabolome, and hepatic gene expression induced by L. acidophilus LA14. Moreover, the ability of L. acidophilus LA14 to alleviate liver injury was further confirmed with an acetaminophen-induced mouse model. These results might provide a reference for future studies on the application of L. acidophilus LA14 for the prevention of liver injury.
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Sasaki Y, Lyu X, Zhou Q, Minami T. Indicator Displacement Assay-based Chemosensor Arrays for Saccharides using Off-the-shelf Materials toward Simultaneous On-site Detection on Paper. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Xiaojun Lyu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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22
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Qi X, Tester R. Is sugar extracted from plants less healthy than sugar consumed within plant tissues? The sugar anomaly. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2194-2200. [PMID: 33140445 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There are dilemmas in the minds of consumers with respect to sugar consumption - they would like to consume sugars for sweetness, but in a healthy (and perhaps guilt free!) way. In a sense, consumers believe that if sugar does not appear as an ingredient on the product label, but is intrinsic in the food (and will appear as a nutrient), it is 'good'. As an ingredient, however, it is viewed as a 'bad chemical' associated with tooth decay and obesity. The reality is that unless processing induced modifications have occurred, the sugar molecule within a plant tissue is the same molecule structure as present in purified sugar. The same calorific value. However, there is an argument that humans eat too refined food and that if sugars were eaten in their natural context (e.g. within a fruit), their presence and concentration would be in harmony (where different nutrients complement and balance the sugar concentration) with the human body. This reflects the process of eating, satiety, presence of other nutrients (including water) and the associated impact of the indigestible components of plant foods on the transit/nutrient bioavailability control and thus benefits through the gut. The authors explore these issues in this article and seek to provide a scientific basis to different sides of the argument - sugar is good or bad depending on how (in which format and how much/how concentrated) it is consumed. More importantly perhaps, how should sugar consumption - an important nutrient - be managed to optimize the benefits but reduce the disadvantages? © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Glycologic Limited, Glasgow, UK
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23
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Lyu X, Hamedpour V, Sasaki Y, Zhang Z, Minami T. 96-Well Microtiter Plate Made of Paper: A Printed Chemosensor Array for Quantitative Detection of Saccharides. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1179-1184. [PMID: 33320543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple, rapid, and accurate detection methods for saccharides are potentially applicable to various fields such as clinical and food chemistry. However, the practical applications of on-site analytical methods are still limited. To this end, herein, we propose a 96-well microtiter plate made of paper as a paper-based chemosensor array device (PCSAD) for the simultaneous classification of 12 saccharides and the quantification of fructose and glucose among 12 saccharides. The mechanism of the saccharide detection relied on an indicator displacement assay (IDA) on the PCSAD using four types of catechol dyes, 3-nitrophenylboronic acid, and the saccharides. The design of the PCSAD and the experimental conditions for the IDA were optimized using a central composite design. The chemosensors exhibited clear color changes upon the addition of saccharides on the paper because of the competitive boronate esterification. The color changes were employed for the subsequent qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative analyses using an automated algorithm combined with pattern recognition for digital images. A qualitative linear discrimination analysis offered discrimination of 12 saccharides with a 100% classification rate. The semiquantitative analysis of fructose in the presence of glucose was carried out from the viewpoint of food analysis utilizing a support vector machine, resulting in clear discrimination of the various concentrations of fructose. Most importantly, the quantitative detection of fructose in two types of commercial soft drinks was also successfully carried out without sample pretreatments. Thus, the proposed PCSAD can be a powerful method for on-site food analyses that can meet the increasing demand from consumers for sensors of saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Lyu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Vahid Hamedpour
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Zhoujie Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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