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Ghazaee H, Raouf Sheibani A, Mahdian H, Gholami S, Askari VR, Baradaran Rahimi V. Ellagic acid as potential therapeutic compound for diabetes and its complications: a systematic review from bench to bed. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03280-8. [PMID: 38980410 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide-concerning disease with a rising prevalence. There are many ongoing studies aimed at finding new and effective treatments. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenolic compound abundant in certain fruits and vegetables. It is the objective of this investigation to assess the effectiveness and preventive mechanisms of EA on DM and associated complications. This systematic review used PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar as search databases using a predetermined protocol from inception to June 2024. We assessed all related English studies, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. EA counteracted DM and its complications by diminishing inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, apoptosis, insulin resistance, obesity, lipid profile, and histopathological alterations. Several mechanisms contributed to the anti-diabetic effect of EA, the most significant being the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), protein kinase B, and downregulation of nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) gene expression. EA also revealed protective effects against diabetes complications, such as diabetic-induced hepatic damage, testicular damage, endothelial dysfunction, muscle dysfunction, retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, and behavioral deficit. Administration of EA could have various protective effects in preventing, treating, and alleviating DM and its complications. Although it could be considered a cost-effective, safe, and accessible treatment, to fully establish the effectiveness of EA as a medication for DM, it is crucial to conduct further well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghazaee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Raouf Sheibani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Mahdian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shamim Gholami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Sq, Vakil Abad Highway, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
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Senavirathna T, Shafaei A, Lareu R, Balmer L. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Ellagic Acid for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:485. [PMID: 38671932 PMCID: PMC11047720 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is in epidemic proportions in many parts of the world, contributing to increasing rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD represents a range of conditions from the initial stage of fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to severe fibrosis, through to hepatocellular carcinoma. There currently exists no treatment for the long-term management of NAFLD/NASH, however, dietary interventions have been investigated for the treatment of NASH, including several polyphenolic compounds. Ellagic acid is one such polyphenolic compound. Nutraceutical food abundant in ellagic acid undergoes initial hydrolysis to free ellagic acid within the stomach and small intestine. The proposed mechanism of action of ellagic acid extends beyond its initial therapeutic potential, as it is further broken down by the gut microbiome into urolithin. Both ellagic acid and urolithin have been found to alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, which are associated with NAFLD/NASH. While progress has been made in understanding the pharmacological and biological activity of ellagic acid and its involvement in NAFLD/NASH, it has yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarise the currently available literature elucidating the therapeutic potential of ellagic acid and its microbial-derived metabolite urolithin in NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharani Senavirathna
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Ricky Lareu
- Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Lois Balmer
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
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Kondo S, Adachi SI, Komatsu W, Yoshizawa F, Yagasaki K. Antidiabetic Effect of Urolithin A in Cultured L6 Myotubes and Type 2 Diabetic Model KK-A y/Ta Mice with Glucose Intolerance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1078-1090. [PMID: 38392186 PMCID: PMC10887565 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by abnormal glucose metabolism, and muscle, the largest tissue in the human body, is largely involved. Urolithin A (UroA) is a major intestinal and microbial metabolite of ellagic acid and ellagitannins and is found in fruits such as strawberry and pomegranate. In this present study, we investigated the antidiabetic effects of UroA in L6 myotubes and in KK-Ay/Ta, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). UroA treatment elevated the glucose uptake (GU) of L6 myotubes in the absence of insulin. This elevation in GU by UroA treatment was partially inhibited by the concurrent addition of LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) which activates Akt (PKB: protein kinase B) or Compound C, an inhibitor of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, UroA was found to activate both pathways of Akt and AMPK, and then to promote translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in L6 myotubes. Based on these in vitro findings, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after the oral administration of UroA for 3 weeks to KK-Ay/Ta mice with glucose intolerance. UroA was demonstrated to alleviate glucose intolerance. These results suggest that UroA is a biofactor with antihyperglycemic effects in the T2D state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kondo
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Wataru Komatsu
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yoshizawa
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
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Xiao Y, Li K, Bian J, Zhang Y, Li J, Liu H, Ye Y, Han L, Gong L, Wang M. Urolithin A Protects Neuronal Cells against Stress Damage and Apoptosis by Atp2a3 Inhibition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300146. [PMID: 37667442 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of Urolithin A (UA) on neuronal stress damage on cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS AND RESULTS T2DM mice fed with UA display an attenuated cognitive impairment along with suppressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Tau hyperphosphorylation in brain. Similar restraint effect of UA on Tau hyperphosphorylation and ER stress is also observed in high glucose-treated primary hippocampal neurons. Moreover, UA ameliorates oxidative stress, ER stress, aberrant energy metabolism, and apoptosis in 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) induced HT22 cells. Atp2a3 is identified as a potential target gene of UA which is closely related to intracellular calcium homeostasis, ER stress, and apoptosis, so that UA significantly down-regulated Atp2a3 expression in DMNQ-induced cells. Furthermore, the protection effect of UA against ER stress and apoptosis is abolished by Atp2a3 over-expression in HT22 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that UA performs anti-stress effect by suppressing the expression of Atp2a3 in damaged neuronal cells and thus attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive impairment in T2DM mice. CONCLUSION The study implies UA as a potential novel pharmaceutic target for neurodegeneration and stress damage through regulating the expression of Atp2a3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Kailin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ji Bian
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Hang Liu
- Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030031, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Ye
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No. 1 Conba Avenue, Lanxi, Zhejiang, 321109, P. R. China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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Wojciechowska O, Kujawska M. Urolithin A in Health and Diseases: Prospects for Parkinson's Disease Management. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1479. [PMID: 37508017 PMCID: PMC10376282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a complex pathophysiology and a range of symptoms. The prevalence increases with age, putting the ageing population at risk. Disease management includes the improvement of symptoms, the comfort of the patient's life, and palliative care. As there is currently no cure, growing evidence points towards the beneficial role of polyphenols on neurodegeneration. Numerous studies indicate the health benefits of the family of urolithins, especially urolithin A (UA). UA is a bacterial metabolite produced by dietary ellagitannins and ellagic acid. An expanding body of literature explores the involvement of the compound in mitochondrial health, and its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. The review organizes the existing knowledge on the role of UA in health and diseases, emphasizing neurodegenerative diseases, especially PD. We gathered data on the potential neuroprotective effect in in vivo and in vitro models. We discussed the possible mechanisms of action of the compound and related health benefits to give a broader perspective of potential applications of UA in neuroprotective strategies. Moreover, we projected the future directions of applying UA in PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Wojciechowska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland
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Yin Y, Martínez R, Zhang W, Estévez M. Crosstalk between dietary pomegranate and gut microbiota: evidence of health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37335106 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2219763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) is an invisible organ that plays an important role in human health. Increasing evidence suggests that polyphenols in pomegranate (punicalagin, PU) could serve as prebiotics to modulate the composition and function of GM. In turn, GM transform PU into bioactive metabolites such as ellagic acid (EA) and urolithin (Uro). In this review, the interplay between pomegranate and GM is thoroughly described by unveiling a dialog in which both actors seem to affect each other's roles. In a first dialog, the influence of bioactive compounds from pomegranate on GM is described. The second act shows how the GM biotransform pomegranate phenolics into Uro. Finally, the health benefits of Uro and that related molecular mechanism are summarized and discussed. Intake of pomegranate promotes beneficial bacteria in GM (e.g. Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp.) while reducing the growth of harmful bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis group, Clostridia). Akkermansia muciniphila, and Gordonibacter spp., among others, biotransform PU and EA into Uro. Uro contributes to strengthening intestinal barrier and reducing inflammatory processes. Yet, Uro production varies greatly among individuals and depend on GM composition. Uro-producing bacteria and precise metabolic pathways need to be further elucidated therefore contributing to personalized and precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit. Animal Health Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mario Estévez
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Karim S, Madani B, Burzangi AS, Alsieni M, Bazuhair MA, Jamal M, Daghistani H, Barasheed MO, Alkreathy H, Khan MA, Khan LM. Urolithin A's Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Activities Mitigate Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041125. [PMID: 37189743 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human colon microbiota produce a metabolite called urolithin A (URO A) from ellagic acid and linked compounds, and this metabolite has been demonstrated to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. The current work examines the various mechanisms through which URO A protects against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced liver injury in Wistar rats. In this experiment, Wistar rats were administered DOX intraperitoneally (20 mg kg-1) on day 7 while given URO A intraperitoneally (2.5 or 5 mg kg-1 d-1) for 14 days. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate histopathological characteristics, and then antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated in tissue and serum, respectively. We also looked at how active caspase 3 and cytochrome c oxidase were in the liver. The findings demonstrated that supplementary URO A therapy clearly mitigated DOX-induced liver damage. The antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT were elevated in the liver, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, NF-kB, and IL-6, in the tissue were significantly attenuated, all of which complemented the beneficial effects of URO A in DOX-induced liver injury. In addition, URO A was able to alter the expression of caspase 3 and cytochrome c oxidase in the livers of rats that were subjected to DOX stress. These results showed that URO A reduced DOX-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Karim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batoul Madani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi S Burzangi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsieni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Bazuhair
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Jamal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Daghistani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O Barasheed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Lateef M Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Jin L, Dang H, Wu J, Yuan L, Chen X, Yao J. Supplementation of Weizmannia coagulans BC2000 and Ellagic Acid Inhibits High-Fat-Induced Hypercholesterolemia by Promoting Liver Primary Bile Acid Biosynthesis and Intestinal Cholesterol Excretion in Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020264. [PMID: 36838229 PMCID: PMC9964488 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The probiotic Weizmannia coagulans (W. coagulans) BC2000 can increase the abundance of intestinal transforming ellagic acid (EA) bacteria and inhibit metabolic disorders caused by hyperlipidemia by activating liver autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of W. coagulans BC2000 and EA on hyperlipidemia-induced cholesterol metabolism disorders. C57BL/6J mice (n = 10 in each group) were fed a low-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with EA, HFD supplemented with EA and W. coagulans BC77, HFD supplemented with EA, and W. coagulans BC2000. EA and W. coagulans BC2000 supplementation prevented HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia and promoted fecal cholesterol excretion. Transcriptome analysis showed that primary bile acid biosynthesis in the liver was significantly activated by EA and W. coagulans BC2000 treatments. EA and W. coagulans BC2000 treatment also significantly increased the intestinal Eggerthellaceae abundance and the liver EA metabolites, iso-urolithin A, Urolithin A, and Urolithin B. Therefore, W. coagulans BC2000 supplementation promoted the intestinal transformation of EA, which led to the upregulation of liver bile synthesis, thus preventing hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Probiotics Institute, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongyang Dang
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jinyong Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiangsong Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianming Yao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (J.Y.)
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Dose-Related Regulatory Effect of Raspberry Polyphenolic Extract on Cecal Microbiota Activity, Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Rats Fed a Diet Rich in Saturated Fats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020354. [PMID: 36678224 PMCID: PMC9865883 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The amount of berry polyphenols required to exert health-promoting effects seems to be difficult to achieve by fresh fruit ingestion, so polyphenol-rich extracts could be considered a dietary alternative. In the present study, laboratory rats were fed high-fat diets supplemented with 0.1 or 0.3% raspberry polyphenols from pomace, with the former dose reflecting the amount of polyphenols consumed with a glass of fresh raspberries. It was hypothesized that beneficial changes in blood and hepatic tissue related to lipid metabolism would accompany both treatments, but the health-promoting effect would be more noticeable with the higher dose of extract. This hypothesis was confirmed, and the high dose of raspberry polyphenols was better than the low dose extract in terms of decreased epididymal white adipose tissue weight, hepatic triglyceride content, PPARγ and SREBP-1c expression in the liver, and plasma IL-6 concentration, as well as increased acetic acid concentration in the cecal digesta. These effects might be partially associated with the enhanced content of ellagitannin and anthocyanin metabolites found in the blood plasma of rats administered the high dose of the extract. The results showed that this extract could be considered a dietary vehicle to provide an amount of raspberry polyphenols that could promote health.
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Guo J, Wang P, Cui Y, Hu X, Chen F, Ma C. Alleviation Effects of Microbial Metabolites from Resveratrol on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010094. [PMID: 36613310 PMCID: PMC9818778 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic stilbene, has been widely studied for its protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating intestinal microbiota. The microbial metabolites after RSV supplement would contribute to the bioeffects of RSV, while their impacts on NAFLD were unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of the main microbial metabolites from RSV on lipid metabolism by combining in vitro and in vivo models. The mice were fed a high-fat diet and injected with RSV, 3-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (3-HPP), and 4-HPP for 13 weeks (n = 6). Body weight, serum parameters, histological analysis, and gene expression involved in lipid metabolism were quantified. Our results suggested that 100 μM of 3-HPP and 4-HPP inhibited lipid accumulation more significantly than parent RSV in an oleic acid-induced HepG2 cell line. Furthermore, 3-HPP, 4-HPP, and RSV effectively reduced liver weight and body weight, improved hepatic steatosis, and alleviated systemic inflammation in NAFLD mice. In addition, the results of quantitative real-time PCR showed that 3-HPP and 4-HPP altered the expression of cholesterol influx and efflux genes to a stronger extent than RSV. These results indicate that 3-HPP and 4-HPP are effective in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yifan Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-4777-3782
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Zhang X, Fang Y, Yang G, Hou X, Hai Y, Xia M, He F, Zhao Y, Liu S. Isolation and characterization of a novel human intestinal Enterococcus faecium FUA027 capable of producing urolithin A from ellagic acid. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1039697. [PMID: 36438752 PMCID: PMC9682137 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1039697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) has received considerable research attention because of its health benefits. However, only a few strains have been reported to produce UA from ellagic acid (EA), and the molecular mechanisms underlying the gut microbiota-mediated transformation of ellagic acid into urolithin A is limited. In the present study, a single strain FUA027 capable of converting ellagic acid into UA in vitro was isolated from the fecal samples. The strain was identified as Enterococcus faecium through the morphological, physiological, biochemical and genetic tests. UA was produced at the beginning of the stationary phase and its levels peaked at 50 h, with the highest concentration being 10.80 μM. The strain Enterococcus faecium FUA027 is the first isolated strain of Enterococcus sp. producing urolithin A from ellagic acid, which may be developed as probiotics and used to explore molecular mechanisms underlying the biotransformation of ellagic acid into UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yaowei Fang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hou
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yang Hai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengjie Xia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Fuxiang He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yaling Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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12
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García‐Villalba R, Giménez‐Bastida JA, Cortés‐Martín A, Ávila‐Gálvez MÁ, Tomás‐Barberán FA, Selma MV, Espín JC, González‐Sarrías A. Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101019. [PMID: 35118817 PMCID: PMC9787965 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Urolithins, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from the polyphenols ellagitannins and ellagic acid, are discovered by the research group in humans almost 20 years ago. Pioneering research suggests urolithins as pleiotropic bioactive contributors to explain the health benefits after consuming ellagitannin-rich sources (pomegranates, walnuts, strawberries, etc.). Here, this study comprehensively updates the knowledge on urolithins, emphasizing the review of the literature published during the last 5 years. To date, 13 urolithins and their corresponding conjugated metabolites (glucuronides, sulfates, etc.) have been described and, depending on the urolithin, detected in different human fluids and tissues (urine, blood, feces, breastmilk, prostate, colon, and breast tissues). There has been a substantial advance in the research on microorganisms involved in urolithin production, along with the compositional and functional characterization of the gut microbiota associated with urolithins metabolism that gives rise to the so-called urolithin metabotypes (UM-A, UM-B, and UM-0), relevant in human health. The design of in vitro studies using physiologically relevant assay conditions (molecular forms and concentrations) is still a pending subject, making some reported urolithin activities questionable. In contrast, remarkable progress has been made in the research on the safety, bioactivity, and associated mechanisms of urolithin A, including the first human interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García‐Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - Juan Antonio Giménez‐Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - Adrián Cortés‐Martín
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - María Ángeles Ávila‐Gálvez
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - Francisco A. Tomás‐Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - Antonio González‐Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
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13
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The Therapeutic Relevance of Urolithins, Intestinal Metabolites of Ellagitannin-Rich Food: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173494. [PMID: 36079752 PMCID: PMC9460125 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of food rich in ellagitannins have been established to stem from its microbial metabolite, urolithin. Over the past decade, there has been a growing trend in urolithin research pertaining to its pharmacological properties. The purpose of this systematic review is to collate and synthesise all available data on urolithin’s therapeutic ability, to highlight its potential as a pharmaceutical agent, and prospective direction on future research. Methods: This systematic review was written based on the PRISMA guideline and was conducted across Ovid via Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, and Web of Science Core Collection. Results: A total of 41 animal studies were included in this systematic review based on the appropriate keyword. The included studies highlighted the neuroprotective, anti-metabolic disorder activity, nephroprotective, myocardial protective, anti-inflammatory, and musculoskeletal protection of urolithin A, B, and its synthetic analogue methylated urolithin A. The Sirt1, AMPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways were reported to be involved in the initiation of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis by urolithin A. Conclusions: This review methodically discusses the therapeutic prospects of urolithins and provides scientific justification for the potential development of urolithin A as a potent natural mitophagy inducer for anti-ageing purposes.
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14
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Gandhi GR, Antony PJ, Ceasar SA, Vasconcelos ABS, Montalvão MM, Farias de Franca MN, Resende ADS, Sharanya CS, Liu Y, Hariharan G, Gan RY. Health functions and related molecular mechanisms of ellagitannin-derived urolithins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:280-310. [PMID: 35959701 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ellagitannins are vital bioactive polyphenols that are widely distributed in a variety of plant-based foods. The main metabolites of ellagitannins are urolithins, and current research suggests that urolithins provide a variety of health benefits. This review focused on the role of the gut bacteria in the conversion of ellagitannins to urolithins. Based on the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, the health benefits of urolithins, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, kidney protective, and muscle mass protective effects, were thoroughly outlined, with a focus on their associated molecular mechanisms. Finally, we briefly commented on urolithins' safety. Overall, urolithins' diverse health benefits indicate the potential utilization of ellagitannins and urolithins in the creation of functional foods and nutraceuticals to treat and prevent some chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamaserry, Kochi, India
| | | | | | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Martins Montalvão
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju, CEP, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ayane de Sá Resende
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju, CEP, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Yi Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Govindasamy Hariharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) affiliated to the Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Nepal Jesuit Society, St. Xavier's College, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur Dt. Kathmandu, Nepal
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15
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Ameliorative Effects of Gut Microbial Metabolite Urolithin A on Pancreatic Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122549. [PMID: 35745279 PMCID: PMC9229509 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (Uro A) is a dietary metabolite of the intestinal microbiota following the ingestion of plant-based food ingredients ellagitannins and ellagic acid in mammals. Accumulating studies have reported its multiple potential health benefits in a broad range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, cognitive impairment, and diabetes. In particular, Uro A is safe via direct oral administration and is non-genotoxic. The pancreas plays a central role in regulating energy consumption and metabolism by secreting digestive enzymes and hormones. Numerous pathophysiological factors, such as inflammation, deficits of mitophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, can negatively affect the pancreas, leading to pancreatic diseases, including pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies showed that Uro A activates autophagy and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pancreas, thus decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of Uro A metabolism and biological activity in the gut, as well as the pathological features and mechanisms of common pancreatic diseases. Importantly, we focus on the potential activities of Uro A and the underlying mechanisms in ameliorating various pancreatic diseases via inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways, activating autophagy, maintaining the mitochondrial function, and improving the immune microenvironment. It might present a novel nutritional strategy for the intervention and prevention of pancreatic diseases.
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16
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Gao Z, Yi W, Tang J, Sun Y, Huang J, Lan T, Dai X, Xu S, Jin ZG, Wu X. Urolithin A protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice via sustained activation of Nrf2. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:2146-2162. [PMID: 35342347 PMCID: PMC8935220 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.69116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of acute live failure worldwide. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as the only antidote, is limited due to its narrow therapeutic time window. Here we demonstrated that Urolithin A (UA), a metabolite of ellagitannin natural products in the gastrointestinal flora, protected against acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI) and is superior to NAC in terms of dosage and therapeutical time window. Transcriptomics assay revealed that UA promotes mitophagy and activated Nrf2/ARE signaling in the liver. Consistent with that, mitophagy and Nrf2/ARE signaling were activated, with less oxidative stress in UA-treated liver. Subsequently, molecular docking and dynamics simulation study revealed a binding mode between UA and Nrf-2/Keap1 including the hydrogen-bonding network among oxygen atoms in UA with the Nrf-2/Keap1 residues Arg 415, Ser 508 and Ser 602, which in turn trigger Nrf2 nuclear translocation, subsequently leading to activation of Nrf-2 target genes (HO-1, NQO1). Of note, mitophagy inhibition failed to prevent the protection of UA against AILI, which instead was compromised with Nrf2 gene silencing both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our data indicate that UA alleviated acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and hepatic necrosis via activating Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, highlighting a therapeutical potential of UA for AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences& The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences& The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Junyuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences& The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Yuling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences& The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences& The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences& The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230037, China
| | - Zheng-Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences& The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China,✉ Corresponding author: Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China. Tel.: 86-20-37103630/Fax: 86-20-37103630. E-mail:
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17
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Xiao Y, Li K, Bian J, Liu H, Zhai X, El‐Omar E, Han L, Gong L, Wang M. Urolithin A attenuates diabetes‐associated cognitive impairment by ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction via N‐glycan biosynthesis pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100863. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Kailin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Ji Bian
- Kolling Institute Sydney Medical School Royal North Shore Hospital University of Sydney St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
| | - Hang Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xiaotong Zhai
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street Beijing 100037 China
| | - Emad El‐Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre St George and Sutherland Clinical School University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre St George and Sutherland Clinical School University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
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18
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Urolithins: Diet-Derived Bioavailable Metabolites to Tackle Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124285. [PMID: 34959837 PMCID: PMC8705976 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes remains one of the leading causes of deaths and co-morbidities in the world, with tremendous human, social and economic costs. Therefore, despite therapeutics and technological advancements, improved strategies to tackle diabetes management are still needed. One of the suggested strategies is the consumption of (poly)phenols. Positive outcomes of dietary (poly)phenols have been pointed out towards different features in diabetes. This is the case of ellagitannins, which are present in numerous foodstuffs such as pomegranate, berries, and nuts. Ellagitannins have been reported to have a multitude of effects on metabolic diseases. However, these compounds have high molecular weight and do not reach circulation at effective concentrations, being metabolized in smaller compounds. After being metabolized into ellagic acid in the small intestine, the colonic microbiota hydrolyzes and metabolizes ellagic acid into dibenzopyran-6-one derivatives, known as urolithins. These low molecular weight compounds reach circulation in considerable concentrations ranging until micromolar levels, capable of reaching target tissues. Different urolithins are formed throughout the metabolization process, but urolithin A, isourolithin A, and urolithin B, and their phase-II metabolites are the most frequent ones. In recent years, urolithins have been the focus of attention in regard to their effects on a multiplicity of chronic diseases, including cancer and diabetes. In this review, we will discuss the latest advances about the protective effects of urolithins on diabetes.
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19
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Hasheminezhad SH, Boozari M, Iranshahi M, Yazarlu O, Sahebkar A, Hasanpour M, Iranshahy M. A mechanistic insight into the biological activities of urolithins as gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins. Phytother Res 2021; 36:112-146. [PMID: 34542202 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urolithins are the gut metabolites produced from ellagitannin-rich foods such as pomegranates, tea, walnuts, as well as strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and cloudberries. Urolithins are of growing interest due to their various biological activities including cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer properties, antidiabetic activity, and antiaging properties. Several studies mostly based on in vitro and in vivo experiments have investigated the potential mechanisms of urolithins which support the beneficial effects of urolithins in the treatment of several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and various cancers. It is now obvious that urolithins can involve several cellular mechanisms including inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction, modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and suppressing nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity. Antiaging activity is the most appealing and probably the most important property of urolithin A that has been investigated in depth in recent studies, owing to its unique effects on activation of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. A recent clinical trial showed that urolithin A is safe up to 2,500 mg/day and can improve mitochondrial biomarkers in elderly patients. Regarding the importance of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of many diseases, urolithins merit further research especially in clinical trials to unravel more aspects of their clinical significance. Besides the nutritional value of urolithins, recent studies proved that urolithins can be used as pharmacological agents to prevent or cure several diseases. Here, we comprehensively review the potential role of urolithins as new therapeutic agents with a special focus on the molecular pathways that have been involved in their biological effects. The pharmacokinetics of urolithins is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Yazarlu
- Department of General Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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D'Amico D, Andreux PA, Valdés P, Singh A, Rinsch C, Auwerx J. Impact of the Natural Compound Urolithin A on Health, Disease, and Aging. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:687-699. [PMID: 34030963 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) is a natural compound produced by gut bacteria from ingested ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA), complex polyphenols abundant in foods such as pomegranate, berries, and nuts. UA was discovered 40 years ago, but only recently has its impact on aging and disease been explored. UA enhances cellular health by increasing mitophagy and mitochondrial function and reducing detrimental inflammation. Several preclinical studies show how UA protects against aging and age-related conditions affecting muscle, brain, joints, and other organs. In humans, benefits of UA supplementation in the muscle are supported by recent clinical trials in elderly people. Here, we review the state of the art of UA's biology and its translational potential as a nutritional intervention in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide D'Amico
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment C, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pénélope A Andreux
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment C, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Valdés
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment C, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Singh
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment C, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chris Rinsch
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment C, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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21
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Ghosh S, Whitley CS, Haribabu B, Jala VR. Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Microbial Metabolites. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1463-1482. [PMID: 33610769 PMCID: PMC8025057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract (GI) harbors a diverse population of microbial life that continually shapes host pathophysiological responses. Despite readily available abundant metagenomic data, the functional dynamics of gut microbiota remain to be explored in various health and disease conditions. Microbiota generate a variety of metabolites from dietary products that influence host health and pathophysiological functions. Since gut microbial metabolites are produced in close proximity to gut epithelium, presumably they have significant impact on gut barrier function and immune responses. The goal of this review is to discuss recent advances on gut microbial metabolites in the regulation of intestinal barrier function. While the mechanisms of action of these metabolites are only beginning to emerge, they mainly point to a small group of shared pathways that control gut barrier functions. Amidst expanding technology and broadening knowledge, exploitation of beneficial microbiota and their metabolites to restore pathophysiological balance will likely prove to be an extremely useful remedial tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Caleb Samuel Whitley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Venkatakrishna Rao Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
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22
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Immunomodulatory Role of Urolithin A on Metabolic Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020192. [PMID: 33671880 PMCID: PMC7918969 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (UroA) is a gut metabolite produced from ellagic acid-containing foods such as pomegranates, berries, and walnuts. UroA is of growing interest due to its therapeutic potential for various metabolic diseases based on immunomodulatory properties. Recent advances in UroA research suggest that UroA administration attenuates inflammation in various tissues, including the brain, adipose, heart, and liver tissues, leading to the potential delay or prevention of the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we focus on recent updates of the anti-inflammatory function of UroA and summarize the potential mechanisms by which UroA may help attenuate the onset of diseases in a tissue-specific manner. Therefore, this review aims to shed new insights into UroA as a potent anti-inflammatory molecule to prevent immunometabolic diseases, either by dietary intervention with ellagic acid-rich food or by UroA administration as a new pharmaceutical drug.
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Moorthy M, Sundralingam U, Palanisamy UD. Polyphenols as Prebiotics in the Management of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020299. [PMID: 33540692 PMCID: PMC7913110 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease growing at an alarming rate and numerous preclinical studies have proven the role of polyphenols in managing this disease. This systematic review explores the prebiotic effect of polyphenols in the management of obesity among animals fed on a high-fat diet. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-four studies reported a significant reduction in obesity-related parameters. Most notably, 83% of the studies showed a decrease in either body weight/visceral adiposity/plasma triacylglyceride. Furthermore, 42 studies reported a significant improvement in gut microbiota (GM), significantly affecting the genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Blautia, Roseburia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Desulfovibrio. Polyphenols’ anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory properties were associated with their ability to modulate GM. This review supports the notion of polyphenols as effective prebiotics in ameliorating HFD-induced metabolic derangements in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanambal Moorthy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usha Sundralingam
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Uma D. Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-5514-5840 or +6012-38-09-092
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Yang J, Guo Y, Lee R, Henning SM, Wang J, Pan Y, Qing T, Hsu M, Nguyen A, Prabha S, Ojha R, Small GW, Heber D, Li Z. Pomegranate Metabolites Impact Tryptophan Metabolism in Humans and Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa165. [PMID: 33274309 PMCID: PMC7695807 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed that pomegranate juice (PomJ) can help to maintain memory in adults aged >50 y. The mechanism for this effect is unknown, but might involve Trp and its metabolites, which are important in brain function. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test the hypothesis that PomJ and its metabolites ellagic acid (EA) and urolithin A (UA) affect Trp metabolism. METHODS Stool and plasma from a cohort [11 PomJ, 9 placebo drink (PL)] of subjects enrolled in our double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT02093130) were collected at baseline and after 1 y of PomJ or PL consumption. In a mouse study, cecum and serum were collected from DBA/2J mice receiving 8 wk of dietary 0.1% EA or UA supplementation. Trp metabolites and intestinal microbiota were analyzed by LC-MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. RESULTS In the human study, the change in the plasma Trp metabolite indole propionate (IPA) over 1 y was significantly different between PomJ and PL groups (P = 0.03). In serum of experimental mice, we observed a 230% increase of IPA by EA but not UA, a 54% increase of indole sulfate by UA but not EA, and 43% and 34% decreases of kynurenine (KYN) by EA and UA, respectively. In cecum, there was a 32% decrease of Trp by UA but not EA, and an 86% decrease of KYN by EA but not UA (P < 0.05). The abundance of 2 genera, Shigella and Catenibacterium, was reduced by PomJ in humans as well as by UA in mice, and their abundance was negatively associated with blood IPA in humans and mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a novel mechanism involving the regulation of host and microbial Trp metabolism that might contribute to the health benefits of ellagitannins and EA-enriched food, such as PomJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rupo Lee
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yajing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Qing
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Mark Hsu
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex Nguyen
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Siddarth Prabha
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rashi Ojha
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gary W Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System , Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Koudoufio M, Desjardins Y, Feldman F, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E. Insight into Polyphenol and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Are Their Metabolites the Key to Understand Protective Effects against Metabolic Disorders? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E982. [PMID: 33066106 PMCID: PMC7601951 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, especially diet and nutrition, are currently regarded as essential avenues to decrease modern-day cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Many groups around the world attribute these trends, at least partially, to bioactive plant polyphenols given their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In fact, polyphenols can prevent or reverse the progression of disease processes through many distinct mechanisms. In particular, the crosstalk between polyphenols and gut microbiota, recently unveiled thanks to DNA-based tools and next generation sequencing, unravelled the central regulatory role of dietary polyphenols and their intestinal micro-ecology metabolites on the host energy metabolism and related illnesses. The objectives of this review are to: (1) provide an understanding of classification, structure, and bioavailability of dietary polyphenols; (2) underline their metabolism by gut microbiota; (3) highlight their prebiotic effects on microflora; (4) discuss the multifaceted roles of their metabolites in CMD while shedding light on the mechanisms of action; and (5) underscore their ability to initiate host epigenetic regulation. In sum, the review clearly documents whether dietary polyphenols and micro-ecology favorably interact to promote multiple physiological functions on human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Francis Feldman
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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