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Le-McClain A, Zanelotti C, Robert H, Casanova F. Analysis of complex mixtures with benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance: Solvent suppression with T 2 and diffusion filters. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:497-504. [PMID: 38369688 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers are being employed in a wide variety of applications from undergraduate teaching and research in academia to quality control and process monitoring in industrial settings. Incorporating benchtop NMR in some of these applications presents opportunities for new practical uses of the technology and challenges that truly test the capabilities of compact NMR spectrometers. For instance, the use of protonated solvents in manufacturing or process monitoring requires separating and quantitating the analyte signals of interest from the strong (overwhelming) response from the solvents. Furthermore, due to the lower field strength available with permanent magnet spectrometers, the NMR spectra of complex mixtures can be more difficult to analyze due to partial or complete signal overlap. To address some of these challenges and to extend the range of applications of benchtop NMR, we investigate NMR techniques that enable quantitative analysis of different components in mixtures. These pulse sequences can be used to suppress one or multiple solvent peaks, to filter out signals by spin-spin relaxation time (T2), or to separate signal components by a molecule's diffusion coefficient (NMR diffusometry). In this paper, we discuss quantitative analysis of excipients in buffers for therapeutic proteins to highlight the usefulness of these NMR pulse sequences in the analysis of complex samples with benchtop NMR spectrometers.
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Lhoste C, Bazzoni M, Bonnet J, Bernard A, Felpin FX, Giraudeau P, Dumez JN. Broadband ultrafast 2D NMR spectroscopy for online monitoring in continuous flow. Analyst 2023; 148:5255-5261. [PMID: 37740277 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01165h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Flow NMR is a powerful tool to monitor chemical reactions under realistic conditions. Here, we describe ultrafast (UF) 2D NMR schemes that make it possible to acquire broadband homonuclear 2D NMR spectra in 90 seconds or less for a continuously flowing sample. An interleaved acquisition strategy is used to address the spectral width limitation of UF 2D NMR. We show how, for a flowing sample, the use of a transverse axis for spatial encoding makes it possible to achieve the very high scan-to-scan stability required for interleaved acquisition. We also describe an optimised solvent suppression strategy that is effective for interleaved acquisition in continuous flow. These developments open the way to online monitoring with flow 2D NMR at high time resolution, as we illustrate with the monitoring of an organocatalysed condensation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lhoste
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Justine Bonnet
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Aurélie Bernard
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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Alonso-Moreno P, Rodriguez I, Izquierdo-Garcia JL. Benchtop NMR-Based Metabolomics: First Steps for Biomedical Application. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050614. [PMID: 37233655 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics is a valuable tool for identifying biomarkers and understanding the underlying metabolic changes associated with various diseases. However, the translation of metabolomics analysis to clinical practice has been limited by the high cost and large size of traditional high-resolution NMR spectrometers. Benchtop NMR, a compact and low-cost alternative, offers the potential to overcome these limitations and facilitate the wider use of NMR-based metabolomics in clinical settings. This review summarizes the current state of benchtop NMR for clinical applications where benchtop NMR has demonstrated the ability to reproducibly detect changes in metabolite levels associated with diseases such as type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis. Benchtop NMR has been used to identify metabolic biomarkers in a range of biofluids, including urine, blood plasma and saliva. However, further research is needed to optimize the use of benchtop NMR for clinical applications and to identify additional biomarkers that can be used to monitor and manage a range of diseases. Overall, benchtop NMR has the potential to revolutionize the way metabolomics is used in clinical practice, providing a more accessible and cost-effective way to study metabolism and identify biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alonso-Moreno
- NMR and Imaging in Biomedicine Group, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodriguez
- NMR and Imaging in Biomedicine Group, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-Garcia
- NMR and Imaging in Biomedicine Group, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Draper SL, McCarney ER. Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in forensic chemistry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2023; 61:106-129. [PMID: 34286862 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique well known for its ability to elucidate structures and analyse mixtures and its quantitative nature. However, the cost and maintenance of high field NMR instruments prevent its widespread use by forensic chemists. The introduction of benchtop NMR spectrometers to the market operating at 40-80 MHz have a small footprint, are easy to use and cost much less than high field instruments, which makes them well suited to meet the needs of forensic chemists. These modern low field spectrometers are often capable of running multiple nuclei including 1 H, 13 C, 19 F and 31 P; 2D NMR experiments and advanced experiments such as solvent suppression and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) are possible. This has resulted in a number of publications in the area of forensic chemistry using benchtop NMR spectroscopy in the last 5 years that was previously missing from the literature. This mini review summarises this research including examples of benchtop NMR being used to identify and quantify compounds relevant to forensics and some advanced methods that may be used to overcome some of the limitations of these instruments for forensic analysis. Further validation and automation are likely required for widespread uptake of benchtop NMR in industry; however, it has been demonstrated as a useful complement to other analytical techniques commonplace of forensic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Draper
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Tadiello L, Drexler HJ, Beweries T. Low-Field Flow 31P NMR Spectroscopy for Organometallic Chemistry: On-Line Analysis of Highly Air-Sensitive Rhodium Diphosphine Complexes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tadiello
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Drexler
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Yaari Z, Horoszko CP, Antman-Passig M, Kim M, Nguyen FT, Heller DA. Emerging technologies in cancer detection. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy uses small permanent magnets to generate magnetic fields and therefore offers the advantages of operational simplicity and reasonable cost, presenting a viable alternative to high-field NMR spectroscopy. In particular, the use of benchtop NMR spectroscopy for rapid in-field analysis, e.g., for quality control or forensic science purposes, has attracted considerable attention. As benchtop NMR spectrometers are sufficiently compact to be operated in a fume hood, they can be efficiently used for real-time reaction and process monitoring. This review introduces the recent applications of benchtop NMR spectroscopy in diverse fields, including food science, pharmaceuticals, process and reaction monitoring, metabolomics, and polymer materials.
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Soyler A, Cikrikci S, Cavdaroglu C, Bouillaud D, Farjon J, Giraudeau P, Oztop MH. Multi-scale benchtop 1H NMR spectroscopy for milk analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Höpfner J, Mayerhöfer B, Botha C, Bouillaud D, Farjon J, Giraudeau P, Wilhelm M. Solvent suppression techniques for coupling of size exclusion chromatography and 1H NMR using benchtop spectrometers at 43 and 62 MHz. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 323:106889. [PMID: 33518176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The characterisation of polymeric materials in their full complexity of chain length, monomeric composition, branching and functionalization is a tremendous challenge and is best tackled by tailored multi-dimensional coupled analytical and detection techniques. Herein, we focus on the improvement of an affordable but information rich 2D-method for polymer analysis: the online hyphenation of benchtop 1H NMR spectroscopy with size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The main benefit of this approach is correlated information of chain length (SEC) to chemical composition (1H NMR). Our setup combines SEC onflow with a benchtop NMR spectrometer at 43 or 62 MHz with chemical shift resolution as a robust detector. A detailed comparison of the two instruments is included considering, that only the 43 MHz instrument is equipped with a dedicated z-gradient enabling pulse sequences such as WET. The main challenge of this method is the very low concentration of species of interest after chromatographic separation. At typical SEC conditions, the analyte dilution is typically more than a factor of 1000:1 in a protonated solvent. Therefore, an efficient solvent signal suppression is needed. In this article, several suppression pulse sequences are explored like WET, WEFT, JNR and a simple one-pulse approach - some for the first time on this hardware. By choosing an optimal method, signal strength ratios of solvent to analyte of 1:1 or better are achievable on flow. To illustrate the broad range of possible applications, three typical cases of analyte to solvent signal proximity (no overlap, partial and full overlap) are discussed using typical polymers (PS, PMMA, PEMA) and solvents (chloroform and THF). For each case, several suppression methods are compared and evaluated using a set of numerical criteria (analyte signal suppression and broadening, solvent signal suppression, remaining solvent signal width).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Höpfner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Mayerhöfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Botha
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Bouillaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - J Farjon
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - P Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - M Wilhelm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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van Beek TA. Low-field benchtop NMR spectroscopy: status and prospects in natural product analysis †. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:24-37. [PMID: 31989704 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since a couple of years, low-field (LF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers (40-100 MHz) have re-entered the market. They are used for various purposes including analyses of natural products. Similar to high-field instruments (300-1200 MHz), modern LF instruments can measure multiple nuclei and record two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra. OBJECTIVE To review the commercial availability as well as applications, advantages, limitations, and prospects of LF-NMR spectrometers for the purpose of natural products analysis. METHOD Commercial LF instruments were compared. A literature search was performed for articles using and discussing modern LF-NMR. Next, the articles relevant to natural products were read and summarised. RESULTS Seventy articles were reviewed. Most appeared in 2018 and 2019. Low costs and ease of operation are most often mentioned as reasons for using LF-NMR. CONCLUSION As the spectral resolution of LF instruments is limited, they are not used for structure elucidation of new natural products but rather applied for quality control (QC), forensics, food and health research, process control and teaching. Chemometric data handling is valuable. LF-NMR is a rapidly developing niche and new instruments keep being introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris André van Beek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Maschmeyer T, Prieto PL, Grunert S, Hein JE. Exploration of continuous-flow benchtop NMR acquisition parameters and considerations for reaction monitoring. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:1234-1248. [PMID: 32870524 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on fundamental data acquisition parameter selection for a benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system with continuous flow, applicable for reaction monitoring. The effect of flow rate on the mixing behaviors within a flow cell was observed, along with an exponential decay relationship between flow rate and the apparent spin-lattice relaxation time (T1*) of benzaldehyde. We also monitored sensitivity (as determined by signal-to-noise ratios; SNRs) under various flow rates, analyte concentrations, and temperatures of the analyte flask. Results suggest that a maximum SNR can be achieved with low to medium flow rates and higher analyte concentrations. This was consistent with data collected with parameters that promote either slow or fast data acquisition. We further consider the effect of these conditions on the analyte's residence time, T1*, and magnetic field inhomogeneity that is a product of continuous flow. Altogether, our results demonstrate how fundamental acquisition parameters can be manipulated to achieve optimal data acquisition in continuous-flow NMR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Maschmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paloma L Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shad Grunert
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason E Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Kunjir S, Rodriguez-Zubiri M, Coeffard V, Felpin FX, Giraudeau P, Farjon J. Merging Gradient-Based Methods to Improve Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy: A New Tool for Flow Reaction Optimization. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2311-2319. [PMID: 32955173 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Emerging low cost, compact NMR spectrometers that can be connected in-line to a flow reactor are suited to study reaction mixtures. The main limitation of such spectrometers arises from their lower magnetic field inducing a reduced sensitivity and a weaker spectral resolution. For enhancing the spectral resolution, the merging of Pure-Shift methods recognized for line narrowing with solvent elimination schemes was implemented in the context of mixtures containing protonated solvents. One more step was achieved to further enhance the resolution power on compact systems, thanks to multiple elimination schemes prior to Pure-Shift pulse sequence elements. For the first time, we were able to remove up to 6 protonated solvent signals simultaneously by dividing their intensity by 500 to 1700 with a concomitant spectral resolution enhancement for signals of interest from 9 to 12 as compared to the standard 1D 1 H. Then, the potential of this new approach was shown on the flow synthesis of a complex benzoxanthenone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Kunjir
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Mireia Rodriguez-Zubiri
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Vincent Coeffard
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Gouilleux B, Farjon J, Giraudeau P. Gradient-based pulse sequences for benchtop NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 319:106810. [PMID: 33036709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benchtop NMR spectroscopy has been on the rise for the last decade, by bringing high-resolution NMR in environments that are not easily compatible with high-field NMR. Benchtop spectrometers are accessible, low cost and show an impressive performance in terms of sensitivity with respect to the relatively low associated magnetic field (40-100 MHz). However, their application is limited by the strong and ubiquitous peak overlaps arising from the complex mixtures which are often targeted, often characterized by a great diversity of concentrations and by strong signals from non-deuterated solvents. Such limitations can be addressed by pulse sequences making clever use of magnetic field gradient pulses, capable of performing efficient coherence selection or encoding chemical shift or diffusion information. Gradients pulses are well-known ingredients of high-field pulse sequence recipes, but were only recently made available on benchtop spectrometers, thanks to the introduction of gradient coils in 2015. This article reviews the recent methodological advances making use of gradient pulses on benchtop spectrometers and the applications stemming from these developments. Particular focus is made on solvent suppression schemes, diffusion-encoded, and spatially-encoded experiments, while discussing both methodological advances and subsequent applications. We eventually discuss the exciting development and application perspectives that result from such advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gouilleux
- Université Paris-Saclay, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, RMN en Milieu Orienté, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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Stolz M, Schlawne C, Hoffmann J, Hartmann V, Marini I, Fritsche A, Peter A, Bakchoul T, Schick F. Feasibility of precise and reliable glucose quantification in human whole blood samples by 1 tesla benchtop NMR. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4358. [PMID: 32618045 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The standard procedure for blood glucose measurements is enzymatic testing. This method is cheap, but requires small samples of open blood with direct contact to the test medium. In principle, NMR provides non-contact analysis of body fluids, but high-field spectrometers are expensive and cannot be easily utilized under clinical conditions. Low-field NMR systems with permanent magnets are becoming increasingly smaller and more affordable. The studies presented here aim at exploring the capabilities of low-field NMR for measuring glucose concentrations in whole blood. For this purpose, a modern 1 T benchtop NMR spectrometer was used. Challenges arise from broad spectral lines, the glucose peak locations close to the water signal, low SNR and the interference with signals from other blood components. Whole blood as a sample comprises even more boundary conditions: crucial for reliable results are avoiding the separation of plasma and cells by gravitation and reliable reference values. First, the accuracy of glucose levels measured by NMR was tested using aqueous glucose solutions and commercially available bovine plasma. Then, 117 blood samples from oral glucose tolerance testing were measured with minimal preparation by simple pulse-acquire NMR experiments. The analysis itself is the key to achieve high precision, so several approaches were investigated: peak integration, orthogonal projection to latent structure analysis and support vector machine regression. Correlations between results from the NMR spectra and the routine laboratory automated analyzer revealed an RMSE of 7.90 mg/dL for the best model. 91.5% of the model output lies within the limits of the German Medical Association guidelines, which require the glucose measurement to be within 11% of the reference method. It is concluded that spectral quantification of glucose in whole blood samples by high-quality NMR spectrometers operating at 1 T is feasible with sufficient accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stolz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Vanessa Hartmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irene Marini
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Canton M, Roe R, Poigny S, Renault JH, Nuzillard JM. Multiple solvent signal presaturation and decoupling artifact removal in 13C{ 1H} nuclear magnetic resonance. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2020; 1:155-164. [PMID: 37904824 PMCID: PMC10500694 DOI: 10.5194/mr-1-155-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The analysis by proton-decoupled carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of samples dissolved in solvents presenting strong multiple resonances can be facilitated by the suppression of these resonances by multisite presaturation. The advantage drawn from this operation is the elimination of the possible artifacts that arise from the solvent signals in non-optimized decoupling conditions. Solvent presaturation was implemented on glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, and 1,3-butanediol with at least 94 % on-resonance efficiency and a bandwidth of less than 50 Hz measured at 50 % signal intensity decrease. The experimental measurement of the signal suppression bandwidth leads to unexpected selectivity profiles for close-frequency resonances. Computer resolution of the Bloch equations during multisite presaturation provide an insight into the origin of the observed profile perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Canton
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
- Laboratoires Pierre Fabre Dermocosmétique, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien, BP 13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Richard Roe
- Laboratoires Pierre Fabre Dermocosmétique, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien, BP 13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Poigny
- Laboratoires Pierre Fabre Dermocosmétique, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien, BP 13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Renault
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Jean-Marc Nuzillard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
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Bouillaud D, Drouin D, Charrier B, Jacquemmoz C, Farjon J, Giraudeau P, Gonçalves O. Using benchtop NMR spectroscopy as an online non-invasive in vivo lipid sensor for microalgae cultivated in photobioreactors. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Anderssen KE, McCarney ER. Online monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysis of marine by-products using benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Real-time benchtop NMR spectroscopy for the online monitoring of sucrose hydrolysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Giraudeau P. NMR-based metabolomics and fluxomics: developments and future prospects. Analyst 2020; 145:2457-2472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00142b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent NMR developments are acting as game changers for metabolomics and fluxomics – a critical and perspective review.
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21
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Benchtop flow NMR spectroscopy as an online device for the in vivo monitoring of lipid accumulation in microalgae. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Bouillaud D, Farjon J, Gonçalves O, Giraudeau P. Benchtop NMR for the monitoring of bioprocesses. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:794-804. [PMID: 30586475 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review highlights the potential of benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the monitoring of bioprocesses. It describes recent perspectives opened by the reduced size of devices in relaxometry, magnetic resonance imaging and NMR spectroscopy. In particular, the recent emergence of the benchtop NMR spectroscopy gives access to many applications thanks to the implementation of advanced experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Bouillaud
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Olivier Gonçalves
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, France
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23
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Legner R, Wirtz A, Koza T, Tetzlaff T, Nickisch-Hartfiel A, Jaeger M. Application of green analytical chemistry to a green chemistry process: Magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopic process monitoring of continuous ethanolic fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2874-2883. [PMID: 31286482 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Compact 1 H NMR and Raman spectrometers were used for real-time process monitoring of alcoholic fermentation in a continuous flow reactor. Yeast cells catalyzing the sucrose conversion were immobilized in alginate beads floating in the reactor. The spectrometers proved to be robust and could be easily attached to the reaction apparatus. As environmentally friendly analysis methods, 1 H NMR and Raman spectroscopy were selected to match the resource- and energy-saving process. Analyses took only a few seconds to minutes compared to chromatographic procedures and were, therefore, suitable for real-time control realized as a feedback loop. Both compact spectrometers were successfully implemented online. Raman spectroscopy allowed for faster spectral acquisition and higher quantitative precision, NMR yielded more resolved signals thus higher specificity. By using the software Matlab for automated data loading and processing, relevant parameters such as the ethanol, glycerol, and sugar content could be easily obtained. The subsequent multivariate data analysis using partial linear least-squares regression type 2 enabled the quantitative monitoring of all reactants within a single model in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Legner
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring, Krefeld, Germany.,University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstraße, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wirtz
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Tim Koza
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Till Tetzlaff
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Martin Jaeger
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring, Krefeld, Germany
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24
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Grootveld M, Percival B, Gibson M, Osman Y, Edgar M, Molinari M, Mather ML, Casanova F, Wilson PB. Progress in low-field benchtop NMR spectroscopy in chemical and biochemical analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1067:11-30. [PMID: 31047142 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The employment of spectroscopically-resolved NMR techniques as analytical probes have previously been both prohibitively expensive and logistically challenging in view of the large sizes of high-field facilities. However, with recent advances in the miniaturisation of magnetic resonance technology, low-field, cryogen-free "benchtop" NMR instruments are seeing wider use. Indeed, these miniaturised spectrometers are utilised in areas ranging from food and agricultural analyses, through to human biofluid assays and disease monitoring. Therefore, it is both intrinsically timely and important to highlight current applications of this analytical strategy, and also provide an outlook for the future, where this approach may be applied to a wider range of analytical problems, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grootveld
- Chemistry for Health/Bioanalytical Sciences Research Group, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Benita Percival
- Chemistry for Health/Bioanalytical Sciences Research Group, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Miles Gibson
- Chemistry for Health/Bioanalytical Sciences Research Group, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Yasan Osman
- Chemistry for Health/Bioanalytical Sciences Research Group, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Mark Edgar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Loughborough, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Marco Molinari
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Melissa L Mather
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Philippe B Wilson
- Chemistry for Health/Bioanalytical Sciences Research Group, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
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25
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Castaing-Cordier T, Bouillaud D, Bowyer P, Gonçalves O, Giraudeau P, Farjon J. Highly Resolved Pure-Shift Spectra on a Compact NMR Spectrometer. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:736-744. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201801116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Castaing-Cordier
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208; 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Dylan Bouillaud
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208; 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
- Université de Nantes; GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144 Bât CRTT; 37 boulevard de l'Université, BP406 44602 St Nazaire cedex France
| | - Paul Bowyer
- Magritek Inc.; 103 Great Valley Pkwy Malvern PA 19355 USA
| | - Olivier Gonçalves
- Université de Nantes; GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144 Bât CRTT; 37 boulevard de l'Université, BP406 44602 St Nazaire cedex France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208; 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208; 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
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26
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Botha C, Höpfner J, Mayerhöfer B, Wilhelm M. On-line SEC-MR-NMR hyphenation: optimization of sensitivity and selectivity on a 62 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of sophisticated synthetic routes for polymeric materials and more complex formulation used in current polymers require more advanced analytical techniques. A direct correlation between molar mass distribution and chemical composition is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Botha
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Johannes Höpfner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Britta Mayerhöfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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27
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Percival BC, Grootveld M, Gibson M, Osman Y, Molinari M, Jafari F, Sahota T, Martin M, Casanova F, Mather ML, Edgar M, Masania J, Wilson PB. Low-Field, Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy as a Potential Tool for Point-of-Care Diagnostics of Metabolic Conditions: Validation, Protocols and Computational Models. High Throughput 2018; 8:ht8010002. [PMID: 30591692 PMCID: PMC6480726 DOI: 10.3390/ht8010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel sensing technologies for liquid biopsies offer promising prospects for the early detection of metabolic conditions through omics techniques. Indeed, high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) facilities are routinely used for metabolomics investigations on a range of biofluids in order to rapidly recognise unusual metabolic patterns in patients suffering from a range of diseases. However, these techniques are restricted by the prohibitively large size and cost of such facilities, suggesting a possible role for smaller, low-field NMR instruments in biofluid analysis. Herein we describe selected biomolecule validation on a low-field benchtop NMR spectrometer (60 MHz), and present an associated protocol for the analysis of biofluids on compact NMR instruments. We successfully detect common markers of diabetic control at low-to-medium concentrations through optimised experiments, including α-glucose (≤2.8 mmol/L) and acetone (25 µmol/L), and additionally in readily accessible biofluids, particularly human urine. We present a combined protocol for the analysis of these biofluids with low-field NMR spectrometers for metabolomics applications, and offer a perspective on the future of this technique appealing to ‘point-of-care’ applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita C Percival
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Miles Gibson
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Yasan Osman
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Marco Molinari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Fereshteh Jafari
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Tarsem Sahota
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Mark Martin
- Greater Manchester NHS Trust, Stepping Hill Hospital, Poplar Grove, Hazel Grove, Stockport SK2 7JE, UK.
| | | | - Melissa L Mather
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Mark Edgar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Loughborough, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Jinit Masania
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Philippe B Wilson
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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28
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Cortés-Borda D, Wimmer E, Gouilleux B, Barré E, Oger N, Goulamaly L, Peault L, Charrier B, Truchet C, Giraudeau P, Rodriguez-Zubiri M, Le Grognec E, Felpin FX. An Autonomous Self-Optimizing Flow Reactor for the Synthesis of Natural Product Carpanone. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14286-14299. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cortés-Borda
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Eric Wimmer
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Boris Gouilleux
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Elvina Barré
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Oger
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Lubna Goulamaly
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Louis Peault
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Benoît Charrier
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Charlotte Truchet
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mireia Rodriguez-Zubiri
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Erwan Le Grognec
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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29
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Höpfner J, Ratzsch KF, Botha C, Wilhelm M. Medium Resolution 1 H-NMR at 62 MHz as a New Chemically Sensitive Online Detector for Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC-NMR). Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700766. [PMID: 29399906 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A state-of-the-art, medium-resolution 1 H-NMR spectrometer (62 MHz) is used as a chemically sensitive online detector for size-exclusion chromatography of polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS). The method uses protonated eluents and works at typical chromatographic conditions with trace amounts of analytes (<0.5 g L-1 after separation). Strong solvent suppression, e.g., by a factor of 500, is achieved by means of T1 -filtering and mathematical subtraction methods. Substantial improvements are made with respect to previous work in terms of the sensitivity (signal-to-noise ratio up to 130:1, PMMA OCH3 ) and selectivity (peak width, full width half maximum (FWHM) 4 Hz on-flow). Typical homopolymers and a blend are investigated to deformulate their composition along the dimensions of molecular weight and NMR chemical shift. These results validate this new hyphenated chromatography method, which can greatly facilitate analysis and is much more effective than previously published results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Höpfner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karl-Friedrich Ratzsch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carlo Botha
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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30
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Giraudeau P, Felpin FX. Flow reactors integrated with in-line monitoring using benchtop NMR spectroscopy. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The state-of-the-art flow reactors integrated with in-line benchtop NMR are thoroughly discussed with highlights on the strengths and weaknesses of this emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Giraudeau
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
- CNRS UMR 6230
- CEISAM
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
- CNRS UMR 6230
- CEISAM
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
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31
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Blümich B, Singh K. Desktop NMR and Its Applications From Materials Science To Organic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:6996-7010. [PMID: 29230908 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is an indispensable method of analysis in chemistry, which until recently suffered from high demands for space, high costs for acquisition and maintenance, and operational complexity. This has changed with the introduction of compact NMR spectrometers suitable for small-molecule analysis on the chemical workbench. These spectrometers contain permanent magnets giving rise to proton NMR frequencies between 40 and 80 MHz. The enabling technology is to make small permanent magnets with homogeneous fields. Tabletop instruments with inhomogeneous fields have been in use for over 40 years for characterizing food and hydrogen-containing materials by relaxation and diffusion measurements. Related NMR instruments measure these parameters in the stray field outside the magnet. They are used to inspect the borehole walls of oil wells and to test objects nondestructively. The state-of-the-art of NMR spectroscopy, imaging and relaxometry with compact instruments is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kawarpal Singh
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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32
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Blümich B, Singh K. NMR mit Tischgeräten und deren Anwendungen von der Materialwissenschaft bis zur organischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Deutschland
| | - Kawarpal Singh
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Deutschland
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33
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Picard B, Gouilleux B, Lebleu T, Maddaluno J, Chataigner I, Penhoat M, Felpin FX, Giraudeau P, Legros J. Oxidative Neutralization of Mustard-Gas Simulants in an On-Board Flow Device with In-Line NMR Monitoring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7568-7572. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Picard
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Boris Gouilleux
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Thomas Lebleu
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Maël Penhoat
- Université de Lille, CNRS, USR 3290, MSAP; Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique; 59000 Lille France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Julien Legros
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
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34
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Picard B, Gouilleux B, Lebleu T, Maddaluno J, Chataigner I, Penhoat M, Felpin FX, Giraudeau P, Legros J. Oxidative Neutralization of Mustard-Gas Simulants in an On-Board Flow Device with In-Line NMR Monitoring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Picard
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Boris Gouilleux
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Thomas Lebleu
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Maël Penhoat
- Université de Lille, CNRS, USR 3290, MSAP; Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique; 59000 Lille France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- CEISAM CNRS, UMR6230; Université de Nantes, BP 92208; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Julien Legros
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
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