1
|
Abida, Imran M, Eltaib L, Ali A, Alanazi RAS, Singla N, Asdaq SMB, Al-Hajeili M, Alhakami FA, Al-Abdulhadi S, Abdulkhaliq AA, Rabaan AA. LncRNAs: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets in rectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155294. [PMID: 38603843 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
According to findings, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important function in the onset and growth of various cancers, including rectal cancer (RC). RC offers unique issues in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and results, needing a full understanding of the cellular mechanisms that cause it to develop. This thorough study digs into the various functions that lncRNAs perform in RC, giving views into their multiple roles as well as possible therapeutic consequences. The function of lncRNAs in RC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migratory and infiltrating capacities, epithelial-mesenchymal shift, and therapy tolerance are discussed. Various lncRNA regulatory roles are investigated in depth, yielding information on their effect on essential cell functions such as angiogenesis, death, immunity, and growth. Systemic lncRNAs are currently acknowledged as potential indications for the initial stages of identification of cancer, with the ability to diagnose as well as forecast. Besides adding to their diagnostic utility, lncRNAs offer therapeutic opportunities as actors, contributing to the expanding landscape of cancer research. Moreover, the investigation looks into the assessment and predictive utility of lncRNAs as RC markers. The article also offers insight into lncRNAs as chemoresistance and drug resistance facilitators in the setting of RC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lina Eltaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Neelam Singla
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | | | - Marwan Al-Hajeili
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23624, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Abdulaziz Alhakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Abdulhadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia; Dr. Saleh Office for Medical Genetic and Genetic Counseling Services, The house of Expertise, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Dammam 32411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf A Abdulkhaliq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boewe AS, Wrublewsky S, Hoppstädter J, Götz C, Kiemer AK, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Ampofo E. C-Myc/H19/miR-29b axis downregulates nerve/glial (NG)2 expression in glioblastoma multiforme. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102120. [PMID: 38318212 PMCID: PMC10839451 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Nerve/glial antigen (NG)2 is highly expressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the underlying mechanisms of its upregulated expression are largely unknown. In silico analyses reveal that the tumor-suppressive miR-29b targets NG2. We used GBM-based data from The Cancer Genome Atals databases to analyze the expression pattern of miR-29b and different target genes, including NG2. Moreover, we investigated the regulatory function of miR-29b on NG2 expression and NG2-related signaling pathways. We further studied upstream mechanisms affecting miR-29b-dependent NG2 expression. We found that miR-29b downregulates NG2 expression directly and indirectly via the transcription factor Sp1. Furthermore, we identified the NG2 coreceptor platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)α as an additional miR-29b target. As shown by a panel of functional cell assays, a reduced miR-29b-dependent NG2 expression suppresses tumor cell proliferation and migration. Signaling pathway analyses revealed that this is associated with a decreased ERK1/2 activity. In addition, we found that the long noncoding RNA H19 and c-Myc act as upstream repressors of miR-29b in GBM cells, resulting in an increased NG2 expression. These findings indicate that the c-Myc/H19/miR-29b axis crucially regulates NG2 expression in GBM and, thus, represents a target for the development of future GBM therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne S. Boewe
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Petrosyan A, Villani V, Aguiari P, Thornton ME, Wang Y, Rajewski A, Zhou S, Cravedi P, Grubbs BH, De Filippo RE, Sedrakyan S, Lemley KV, Csete M, Da Sacco S, Perin L. Identification and Characterization of the Wilms Tumor Cancer Stem Cell. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206787. [PMID: 37114795 PMCID: PMC10369255 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A nephrogenic progenitor cell (NP) with cancer stem cell characteristics driving Wilms tumor (WT) using spatial transcriptomics, bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, and complementary in vitro and transplantation experiments is identified and characterized. NP from WT samples with NP from the developing human kidney is compared. Cells expressing SIX2 and CITED1 fulfill cancer stem cell criteria by reliably recapitulating WT in transplantation studies. It is shown that self-renewal versus differentiation in SIX2+CITED1+ cells is regulated by the interplay between integrins ITGβ1 and ITGβ4. The spatial transcriptomic analysis defines gene expression maps of SIX2+CITED1+ cells in WT samples and identifies the interactive gene networks involved in WT development. These studies define SIX2+CITED1+ cells as the nephrogenic-like cancer stem cells of WT and points to the renal developmental transcriptome changes as a possible driver in regulating WT formation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astgik Petrosyan
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Paola Aguiari
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA - VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Alex Rajewski
- Genomics Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Shengmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Translational Transplant Research Center, Recanati Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Roger E De Filippo
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kevin V Lemley
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Marie Csete
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Stefano Da Sacco
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biological and Mechanical Factors and Epigenetic Regulation Involved in Tendon Healing. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:4387630. [PMID: 36655033 PMCID: PMC9842431 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4387630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons are an important part of the musculoskeletal system. Connecting muscles to bones, tendons convert force into movement. Tendon injury can be acute or chronic. Noticeably, tendon healing requires a long time span and includes inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling processes. The mismatch between endogenous and exogenous healing may lead to adhesion causing further negative effects. Management of tendon injuries and complications such as subsequent adhesion formation are still challenges for clinicians. Due to numerous factors, tendon healing is a complex process. This review introduces the role of various biological and mechanical factors and epigenetic regulation processes involved in tendon healing.
Collapse
|
5
|
The multifaceted actions of the lncRNA H19 in cardiovascular biology and diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1157-1178. [PMID: 35946958 PMCID: PMC9366862 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and debility worldwide. Various molecular mechanisms have been studied to better understand the development and progression of cardiovascular pathologies with hope to eradicate these diseases. With the advancement of the sequencing technology, it is revealed that the majority of our genome is non-coding. A growing body of literature demonstrates the critical role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as epigenetic regulators of gene expression. LncRNAs can regulate cellular biological processes through various distinct molecular mechanisms. The abundance of lncRNAs in the cardiovascular system indicates their significance in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. LncRNA H19, in particular, is a highly evolutionarily conserved lncRNA that is enriched in cardiac and vascular tissue, underlining its importance in maintaining homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. In this review, we discuss the versatile function of H19 in various types of cardiovascular diseases. We highlight the current literature on H19 in the cardiovascular system and demonstrate how dysregulation of H19 induces the development of cardiovascular pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma GC, Chen TH, Wu WJ, Lee DJ, Lin WH, Chen M. Proposal for Practical Approach in Prenatal Diagnosis of Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome and Review of the Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071709. [PMID: 35885613 PMCID: PMC9315620 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous disorder associated with epigenetic/genetic aberrations on chromosome 11p15.4p15.5. There is no consensus criterion for prenatal diagnosis of BWS. Methods: Three BWS patients with their clinical histories, prenatal ultrasonographic features, and results of molecular diagnosis were presented. Likewise, by incorporating the findings of our cases and literature review, the phenotypic spectrum and genotype–phenotype correlations of fetal BWS were summarized, and a practical approach in prenatal diagnosis of BWS was proposed. Results: A total of 166 BWS cases with prenatal features were included for analysis. Common fetal features include abdominal wall defects (42.8%), polyhydramnios (33.1%), and macrosomia (32.5%). Molecular pathologies include methylation changes in imprinting control region 1 and 2 (ICR1 and ICR2), paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11p15.5, copy number change involving 11p15, etc. Some genotype–phenotype correlations were observed. However, the broad phenotypic spectrum but limited features manifested by affected fetuses rendering ultrasonographic diagnosis not easy. Conclusions: Molecular tests are used for prenatal diagnosis of BWS suspected by ultrasonography. Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) is recommended as the first-line molecular tool because it simultaneously detects ICR1/ICR2 methylation statuses and copy numbers that solve the majority of clinical cases in the prenatal scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Chin Ma
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan; (G.-C.M.); (W.-J.W.)
- Research Department, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Ho Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan;
| | - Wan-Ju Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan; (G.-C.M.); (W.-J.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan;
| | - Dong-Jay Lee
- Research Department, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Hsiang Lin
- Welgene Biotechnology Company, Nangang Business Park, Taipei 11560, Taiwan;
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan; (G.-C.M.); (W.-J.W.)
- Research Department, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-4722-5121 (ext. 2323)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blood-derived lncRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis: the Good, the Bad and the Beauty. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:40. [PMID: 35729321 PMCID: PMC9213432 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer ranks as one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. The high mortality rate associated with cancer is partially due to the lack of reliable early detection methods and/or inaccurate diagnostic tools such as certain protein biomarkers. Cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA) such as circulating long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proposed as a new class of potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. The reported correlation between the presence of tumors and abnormal levels of lncRNAs in the blood of cancer patients has notably triggered a worldwide interest among clinicians and oncologists who have been actively investigating their potentials as reliable cancer biomarkers. In this report, we review the progress achieved (“the Good”) and challenges encountered (“the Bad”) in the development of circulating lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. We report and discuss the diagnostic performance of more than 50 different circulating lncRNAs and emphasize their numerous potential clinical applications (“the Beauty”) including therapeutic targets and agents, on top of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. This review also summarizes the best methods of investigation and provides useful guidelines for clinicians and scientists who desire conducting their own clinical studies on circulating lncRNAs in cancer patients via RT-qPCR or Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).
Collapse
|
8
|
H19 is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses in acute gouty arthritis by targeting miR-2-3p. Immunol Res 2022; 70:392-399. [PMID: 35314952 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A great number of studies have confirmed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are involved in the regulation of inflammatory response in acute gouty arthritis (AGA). This paper aimed to survey the regulatory mechanism of H19 on AGA. The expression of serum H19 in all subjects was examined by qRT-PCR. The ROC curve was used to estimate the diagnostic value of H19 for AGA. THP-1 cells were induced by MSU to establish in vitro AGA cell model. The concentrations of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α were tested by ELISA. Luciferase reporter gene analysis was used to verify the interaction between H19 and the 3'-UTR of miR-22-3p. Expressions of serum H19 in AGA patients were significantly higher than that in controls. The ROC curve indicated the potential of H19 as a diagnostic marker for AGA. Cell experiments revealed that the downregulation of H19 significantly inhibited the expressions of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α. The luciferase reporter gene assay manifested that miR-22-3p is the target gene of H19. And knockdown of miR-22-3p overturned the downregulation of inflammatory factors caused by H19 inhibition. H19 aggravated MSU-induced THP-1 inflammation by negatively targeting miR-22-3p, suggesting a new regulatory mechanism and potential therapeutic target for AGA.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang L, Liu T, Wang P, Shen Y, Huang T. Overexpression of Long Noncoding RNA H19 Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Neonatal Rats with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage Through the miR-149-5p/LIF/PI3K/Akt Axis. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 19:376-385. [PMID: 34672722 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a leading cause of fatality and neural system injury in neonates. This study aims to explore the effect of long noncoding RNA H19 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in neonatal rats with HIBD. The neonatal rat model of HIBD was established. The cerebral infarction volume and apoptosis index of cardiomyocyte increased, while H19 expression decreased in neonatal rats with HIBD. After the lentivirus vector of overexpressed H19 was injected into neonatal rats with HIBD, the cardiomyocyte apoptosis was suppressed; levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress injury of myocardial tissues were reduced. The binding relationships between H19 and miR-149-5p, and miR-149-5p and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were predicted by a bioinformatics website and verified using the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. H19 competitively bound to miR-149-5p to upregulate LIF expression and activate the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, a functional rescue experiment was carried out. Injection of Wortmannin reversed the inhibitory effect of H19 overexpression on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in neonatal rats with HIBD. It could be concluded that H19 competitively bound to miR-149-5p to upregulate LIF expression and activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, thus reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis in neonatal rats with HIBD. This study may offer new insights for HIBD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Nanchang Fifth Hospital, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu D, Lou X, Meng N, Li Z, Teng Y, Zou Y, Wang F. Peripheral Blood-Based DNA Methylation of Long Non-Coding RNA H19 and Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 Promoters are Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer Detection. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211043667. [PMID: 34615385 PMCID: PMC8504648 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211043667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The early diagnosis and detection could greatly improve the clinical outcome of gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, the non-invasive biomarkers for GC detection remain to be identified. Method We used online databases (GEPIA, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, TIMER, and MEXPRESS) to explore the association between H19 or metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) expression in tissues and the occurrence, development, prognosis, the levels of immune cell infiltration, and methylation of GC; the correlation between mRNA expression and DNA methylation levels of genes were also examined. Methylation levels of H19 or MALAT1 in peripheral blood were compared between 150 GC patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs). Predictive nomograms were constructed among female and male groups for GC diagnosis. The calibration curves, Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and decision curve analysis were also used to examine the nomograms’ predictive ability and clinical values. Results Using multiple online databases, we found that the mRNA expressions of H19 and MALAT1 in tissues were related to the occurrence of GC, and such expressions were associated with immune cell infiltration of GC and negatively correlated with DNA methylation levels of H19 and MALAT1. H19 gene, H19C island, and MALAT1B island, as well as 20 CpG sites were hypermethylated in peripheral blood of GC patients compared with HCs; similar results were also found in female and male groups (P < .05 for all). The combination of H19c3, H19c4, MALAT1b12, and age, as well as the combination of H19b7, H19c1, H19c5, and age in the nomograms could distinguish GC patients from HCs in the female group and male group, respectively. Conclusion We found statistically significant hypermethylation of H19 and MALAT1 promoters in GC patients, and meaningful sensitivity and specificity of MALAT1 and H19 methylation in discriminating GC and HCs were observed in both female and male groups, which indicates that the peripheral blood-based DNA methylation of H19 and MALAT1 could act as potential non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingtao Hu
- Department of Oncology, 36639The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lou
- Department of Oncology, 36639The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Nana Meng
- Department of Quality Management Office, 533251The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yanfeng Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, 36639The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tao SC, Huang JY, Li ZX, Zhan S, Guo SC. Small extracellular vesicles with LncRNA H19 "overload": YAP Regulation as a Tendon Repair Therapeutic Tactic. iScience 2021; 24:102200. [PMID: 33733065 PMCID: PMC7937563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional healing of tendon injuries remains a great challenge. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have received attention as pro-regenerative agents. H19 overexpression could bring tendon regenerative ability, but the mechanism is still not fully elucidated, and reliable method for delivery of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) was demanded. We identified the downstream mechanism of H19, the activation of yes-associated protein (YAP) via the H19-PP1-YAP axis. We established tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) stably overexpressing H19 with CRISPR-dCas9-based hnRNP A2/B1 activation (H19-CP-TSPCs). H19-OL-sEVs (H19 “overloading” sEVs) could be produced effectively from H19-CP-TSPCs. Only H19-OL-sEVs were able to significantly load large amounts of H19 rather than other competitors, and the potential of H19-OL-sEVs to promote tendon healing was far better than that of other competitors. Our study established a relatively reliable method for enrichment of LncRNAs into sEVs, providing new hints for modularized sEV-based therapies, and modularized sEVs represented a potential strategy for tendon regeneration. H19 overexpression enhances tendon regeneration H19 dephosphorylates and activates YAP hnRNP A2/B1 assists the enrichment of H19 into sEVs H19-OL-sEVs promote tendon regeneration
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ji-Yan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 185 Pu'an Road, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Soochou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shi Zhan
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu B, Tang X, Zhou Z, Ke H, Tang S, Ke R. RNA sequencing analysis of FGF2-responsive transcriptome in skin fibroblasts. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10671. [PMID: 33520460 PMCID: PMC7812929 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine with antifibrotic activity in wound healing. During the process of wound healing and fibrosis, fibroblasts are the key players. Although accumulating evidence has suggested the antagonistic effects of FGF2 in the activation process of fibroblasts, the mechanisms by which FGF2 hinders the fibroblast activation remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify the key genes and their regulatory networks in skin fibroblasts treated with FGF2. Methods RNA-seq was performed to identify the differentially expressed mRNA (DEGs) and lncRNA between FGF2-treated fibroblasts and control. DEGs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Furthermore, the networks between mRNAs and lncRNAs were constructed by Pearson correlation analysis and the networkanalyst website. Finally, hub genes were validated by real time-PCR. Results Between FGF2-treated fibroblasts and control fibroblasts, a total of 1475 DEGs was obtained. These DEGs were mainly enriched in functions such as the ECM organization, cell adhesion, and cell migration. They were mainly involved in ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling, and the Hippo pathway. The hub DEGs included COL3A1, COL4A1, LOX, PDGFA, TGFBI, and ITGA10. Subsequent real-time PCR, as well as bioinformatics analysis, consistently demonstrated that the expression of ITGA10 was significantly upregulated while the other five DEGs (COL3A1, COL4A1, LOX, PDGFA, TGFBI) were downregulated in FGF2-treated fibroblasts. Meanwhile, 213 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified and three key lncRNAs (HOXA-AS2, H19, and SNHG8) were highlighted in FGF2-treated fibroblasts. Conclusion The current study comprehensively analyzed the FGF2-responsive transcriptional profile and provided candidate mechanisms that may account for FGF2-mediated wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoping Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Ke
- Department of Emergency, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao Tang
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ronghu Ke
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang B, Suen CW, Ma H, Wang Y, Kong L, Qin D, Lee YWW, Li G. The Roles of H19 in Regulating Inflammation and Aging. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579687. [PMID: 33193379 PMCID: PMC7653221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that long non-coding RNA H19 correlates with several aging processes. However, the role of H19 in aging remains unclear. Many studies have elucidated a close connection between H19 and inflammatory genes. Chronic systemic inflammation is an established factor associated with various diseases during aging. Thus, H19 might participate in the development of age-related diseases by interplay with inflammation and therefore provide a protective function against age-related diseases. We investigated the inflammatory gene network of H19 to understand its regulatory mechanisms. H19 usually controls gene expression by acting as a microRNA sponge, or through mir-675, or by leading various protein complexes to genes at the chromosome level. The regulatory gene network has been intensively studied, whereas the biogenesis of H19 remains largely unknown. This literature review found that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and an imprinting gene network (IGN) might link H19 with inflammation. Evidence indicates that EMT and IGN are also tightly controlled by environmental stress. We propose that H19 is a stress-induced long non-coding RNA. Because environmental stress is a recognized age-related factor, inflammation and H19 might serve as a therapeutic axis to fight against age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL), Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Wai Suen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Haibin Ma
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL), Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Kong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL), Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL), Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuk Wai Wayne Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL), Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gui W, Zhu WF, Zhu Y, Tang S, Zheng F, Yin X, Lin X, Li H. LncRNAH19 improves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by regulating heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:173. [PMID: 33115498 PMCID: PMC7592379 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle is essential for glucose and lipid metabolism. Growing evidence reveals the importance of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the function of LncRNA H19 (H19) in lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle and its potential mechanisms. Methods Glucose tolerance, serum insulin and lipid content in serum and skeletal muscle were determined in control and H19-overexpressed db/db mice. Lipid metabolism was evaluated in H19-overexpressed or H19-silencing muscle cells by detecting lipid contents and mitochondria related functions. The underlying mechanisms were explored by RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Results H19 was downregulated in skeletal muscle of db/db mice. H19 overexpression in db/db mice inhibited lipid ectopic deposition in skeletal muscle, meanwhile improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance as compared with control db/db mice treated with ad-GFP. Furthermore, overexpression of H19 reversed FFA-induced lipid accumulation and increased cellular respiration in muscle cells, while H19 knockdown exhibited opposite effects in muscle cells. Mechanistically, H19 interacted with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNPA1) which was validated by RNA pulldown and RIP analysis, which increased translation of fatty acid oxidation closely related genes PGC1a and CPT1b. Conclusion Our data suggest that overexpression of H19 ameliorates insulin resistance by reducing ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle. The possible underlying mechanisms are that overexpression of lncRNAH19 promotes fatty acids oxidation via targeting of hnRNPA1. Video abstract
Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12964-020-00654-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gui
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Fen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjie Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueyao Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yeh CF, Chang YCE, Lu CY, Hsuan CF, Chang WT, Yang KC. Expedition to the missing link: Long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:48. [PMID: 32241300 PMCID: PMC7114803 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advances in deep sequencing-based transcriptome profiling technology, it is now known that human genome is transcribed more pervasively than previously thought. Up to 90% of the human DNA is transcribed, and a large proportion of the human genome is transcribed as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a heterogenous group of non-coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs are functional and contribute to the complex regulatory networks involved in cardiovascular development and diseases. In this article, we will review recent evidence on the roles of lncRNAs in the biological processes of cardiovascular development and disorders. The potential applications of lncRNAs as biomarkers and targets for therapeutics are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fan Yeh
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, No.1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Eugene Chang
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, No.1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Lu
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, No.1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Feng Hsuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, I-Shou University School of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tien Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, No.1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bermúdez M, Aguilar-Medina M, Lizárraga-Verdugo E, Avendaño-Félix M, Silva-Benítez E, López-Camarillo C, Ramos-Payán R. LncRNAs as Regulators of Autophagy and Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1008. [PMID: 31632922 PMCID: PMC6783611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with 1. 8 million cases in 2018. Autophagy helps to maintain an adequate cancer microenvironment in order to provide nutritional supplement under adverse conditions such as starvation and hypoxia. Additionally, most of the cases of CRC are unresponsive to chemotherapy, representing a significant challenge for cancer therapy. Recently, autophagy induced by therapy has been shown as a unique mechanism of resistance to anticancer drugs. In this regard, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) analysis are important for cancer detection, progression, diagnosis, therapy response, and prognostic values. With increasing development of quantitative detection techniques, lncRNAs derived from patients' non-invasive samples (i.e., blood, stools, and urine) has become into a novel approach in precision oncology. Tumorspecific GAS5, HOTAIR, H19, and MALAT are novels CRC related lncRNAs detected in patients. Nonetheless, the effect and mechanism of lncRNAs in cancer autophagy and chemoresistance have not been extensively characterized. Chemoresistance and autophagy are relevant for cancer treatment and lncRNAs play a pivotal role in resistance acquisition for several drugs. LncRNAs such as HAGLROS, KCNQ1OT1, and H19 are examples of lncRNAs related to chemoresistance leaded by autophagy. Finally, clinical implications of lncRNAs in CRC are relevant, since they have been associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size, histological grade, histological types, Dukes staging, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, recurrent free survival, and overall survival (OS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Erik Lizárraga-Verdugo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Mariana Avendaño-Félix
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - Cesar López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalío Ramos-Payán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pant T, Dhanasekaran A, Fang J, Bai X, Bosnjak ZJ, Liang M, Ge ZD. Current status and strategies of long noncoding RNA research for diabetic cardiomyopathy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:197. [PMID: 30342478 PMCID: PMC6196023 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenous RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides which regulate epigenetically the expression of genes but do not have protein-coding potential. They are emerging as potential key regulators of diabetes mellitus and a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to diabetes mellitus-elicited structural and functional abnormalities of the myocardium, beyond that caused by ischemia or hypertension. The purpose of this review was to summarize current status of lncRNA research for DCM and discuss the challenges and possible strategies of lncRNA research for DCM. A systemic search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Major conference proceedings of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease occurring between January, 2014 to August, 2018 were also searched to identify unpublished studies that may be potentially eligible. The pathogenesis of DCM involves elevated oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy due to metabolic disturbances. Thousands of lncRNAs are aberrantly regulated in DCM. Manipulating the expression of specific lncRNAs, such as H19, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1, and myocardial infarction-associated transcript, with genetic approaches regulates potently oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy and ameliorates DCM in experimental animals. The detail data regarding the regulation and function of individual lncRNAs in DCM are limited. However, lncRNAs have been considered as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for DCM. Overexpression of protective lncRNAs and knockdown of detrimental lncRNAs in the heart are crucial for defining the role and function of lncRNAs of interest in DCM, however, they are technically challenging due to the length, short life, and location of lncRNAs. Gene delivery vectors can provide exogenous sources of cardioprotective lncRNAs to ameliorate DCM, and CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing technology may be used to knockdown specific lncRNAs in DCM. In summary, current data indicate that LncRNAs are a vital regulator of DCM and act as the promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang X, Li DY, Reilly MP. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases: Challenges and strategies for physiological studies and translation. Atherosclerosis 2018; 281:180-188. [PMID: 30316538 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important mediators of many biological processes relevant to human pathophysiologies, including cardiovascular diseases. In vitro studies have provided important knowledge of cellular functions and mechanisms for an increasing number of lincRNAs. Dysregulated lncRNAs have been associated with cell fate programming and development, vascular diseases, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, and cardiac pathological hypertrophy. However, functional interrogation of individual lincRNAs in physiological and disease states is largely limited. The complex nature of lincRNA actions and poor species conservation of human lincRNAs pose substantial challenges to physiological studies in animal model systems and in clinical translation. This review summarizes recent findings of specific lincRNA physiological studies, including MALAT1, MeXis, Lnc-DC and others, in the context of cardiovascular diseases, examines complex mechanisms of lincRNA actions, reviews in vivo research strategies to delineate lincRNA functions and highlights challenges and approaches for physiological studies of primate-specific lincRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daniel Y Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Petry CJ, Koulman A, Lu L, Jenkins B, Furse S, Prentice P, Matthews L, Hughes IA, Acerini CL, Ong KK, Dunger DB. Associations between the maternal circulating lipid profile in pregnancy and fetal imprinted gene alleles: a cohort study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:82. [PMID: 30157874 PMCID: PMC6116391 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imprinted genes, which are expressed in a parent of origin-specific manner, are thought to mediate the genetic priorities of each parent in pregnancy. Recently we reported that some fetal imprinted gene variants are associated with maternal glucose concentrations and blood pressures in pregnancy. We suggest that the conflict between the effects of paternal and maternal transmitted genes starts at conception and may already be evident in measures of maternal metabolism in early pregnancy, before gestational diabetes is manifest. METHODS Lipid fractions in maternal non-fasting serum collected around week 15 of pregnancy were profiled using direct infusion mass spectrometry in a subset Discovery Cohort (n = 200) of women from the Cambridge Baby Growth Study using direct infusion mass spectrometry. Associations between 151 haplotype-tag fetal polymorphisms in 16 imprinted genes and lipids were determined using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Variable importance in projection scores were used to identify those lipid species that contribute most to the underlying variation in the lipid profile and the concentrations of these species tested for associations with fetal imprinted gene alleles using linear regression. In an internal Validation Cohort (n = 567 women from the same cohort) the lipid fraction was profiled using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for associations with the same fetal imprinted gene variants as above, followed by meta-analysis of associations from the Discovery and Validation Cohorts. RESULTS The most significant associations were between a monounsaturated triglyceride (44:1) and both paternally-transmitted fetal H19 rs7950932 (R = 0.14, p = 2.9 × 10- 3, n = 386) and maternally-transmitted fetal FAM99A rs7131362 (R = 0.18, p = 6.2 × 10- 3, n = 351; association with maternal-untransmitted allele R = 0.08, p = 0.07, n = 328). This same triglyceride isoform was also associated with subsequent week 28 fasting glucose concentrations (R = 0.09, p = 9.9 × 10- 3, n = 673) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (R = 0.09, p = 0.01, n = 664). CONCLUSIONS Fetal imprinted genes may influence maternal circulating clinically relevant triglyceride concentrations early in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clive J Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Albert Koulman
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
- The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liangjian Lu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Furse
- The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philippa Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lee Matthews
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ieuan A Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Carlo L Acerini
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghanipoor-Samami M, Javadmanesh A, Burns BM, Thomsen DA, Nattrass GS, Estrella CAS, Kind KL, Hiendleder S. Atlas of tissue- and developmental stage specific gene expression for the bovine insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200466. [PMID: 30001361 PMCID: PMC6042742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is fundamental for mammalian growth and development. However, no comprehensive reference data on gene expression across tissues and pre- and postnatal developmental stages are available for any given species. Here we provide systematic promoter- and splice variant specific information on expression of IGF system components in embryonic (Day 48), fetal (Day 153), term (Day 277, placenta) and juvenile (Day 365–396) tissues of domestic cow, a major agricultural species and biomedical model. Analysis of spatiotemporal changes in expression of IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IGF2R, IGFBP1-8 and IR genes, as well as lncRNAs H19 and AIRN, by qPCR, indicated an overall increase in expression from embryo to fetal stage, and decrease in expression from fetal to juvenile stage. The stronger decrease in expression of lncRNAs (average ―16-fold) and ligands (average ―12.1-fold) compared to receptors (average ―5.7-fold) and binding proteins (average ―4.3-fold) is consistent with known functions of IGF peptides and supports important roles of lncRNAs in prenatal development. Pronounced overall reduction in postnatal expression of IGF system components in lung (―12.9-fold) and kidney (―13.2-fold) are signatures of major changes in organ function while more similar hepatic expression levels (―2.2-fold) are evidence of the endocrine rather than autocrine/paracrine role of IGFs in postnatal growth regulation. Despite its rapid growth, placenta displayed a more stable expression pattern than other organs during prenatal development. Quantitative analyses of contributions of promoters P0-P4 to global IGF2 transcript in fetal tissues revealed that P4 accounted for the bulk of transcript in all tissues but skeletal muscle. Demonstration of IGF2 expression in fetal muscle and postnatal liver from a promoter orthologous to mouse and human promoter P0 provides further evidence for an evolutionary and developmental shift from placenta-specific P0-expression in rodents and suggests that some aspects of bovine IGF expression may be closer to human than mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Ghanipoor-Samami
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- JS Davies Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ali Javadmanesh
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- JS Davies Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brian M. Burns
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dana A. Thomsen
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- JS Davies Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Greg S. Nattrass
- Livestock Systems, South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Consuelo Amor S. Estrella
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- JS Davies Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen L. Kind
- JS Davies Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stefan Hiendleder
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- JS Davies Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Molecular Crosstalking among Noncoding RNAs: A New Network Layer of Genome Regulation in Cancer. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:4723193. [PMID: 29147648 PMCID: PMC5632862 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4723193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been extensively studied because of the significant biological roles that they play in regulation of cellular mechanisms. ncRNAs are associated to higher eukaryotes complexity; accordingly, their dysfunction results in pathological phenotypes, including cancer. To date, most research efforts have been mainly focused on how ncRNAs could modulate the expression of protein-coding genes in pathological phenotypes. However, recent evidence has shown the existence of an unexpected interplay among ncRNAs that strongly influences cancer development and progression. ncRNAs can interact with and regulate each other through various molecular mechanisms generating a complex network including different species of RNAs (e.g., mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs). Such a hidden network of RNA-RNA competitive interactions pervades and modulates the physiological functioning of canonical protein-coding pathways involved in proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis in cancer. Moreover, the pivotal role of ncRNAs as keystones of network structural integrity makes them very attractive and promising targets for innovative RNA-based therapeutics. In this review we will discuss: (1) the current knowledge on complex crosstalk among ncRNAs, with a special focus on cancer; and (2) the main issues and criticisms concerning ncRNAs targeting in therapeutics.
Collapse
|
22
|
The Interplay of LncRNA-H19 and Its Binding Partners in Physiological Process and Gastric Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020450. [PMID: 28230721 PMCID: PMC5343984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a novel and effective modulator in carcinogenesis, has become a study hotspot in recent years. The imprinted oncofetal lncRNA H19 is one of the first identified imprinted lncRNAs with a high expression level in embryogenesis but is barely detectable in most tissues after birth. Aberrant alterations of H19 expression have been demonstrated in various tumors, including gastric cancer (GC), implicating a crucial role of H19 in cancer progression. As one of the top malignancies in the world, GC has already become a serious concern to public health with poor prognosis. The regulatory roles of H19 in gastric carcinogenesis have been explored by various research groups, which leads to the development of GC therapy. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge of H19 in tumorigenesis, especially in GC pathogenesis, with emphasis on the underneath molecular mechanisms depicted from its functional partners. Furthermore, the accumulated knowledge of H19 will provide better understanding on targeted therapy of GC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Huynh NPT, Anderson BA, Guilak F, McAlinden A. Emerging roles for long noncoding RNAs in skeletal biology and disease. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:116-141. [PMID: 27254479 PMCID: PMC5301950 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1194406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Normal skeletal development requires tight coordination of transcriptional networks, signaling pathways, and biomechanical cues, and many of these pathways are dysregulated in pathological conditions affecting cartilage and bone. Recently, a significant role has been identified for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in developing and maintaining cellular phenotypes, and improvements in sequencing technologies have led to the identification of thousands of lncRNAs across diverse cell types, including the cells within cartilage and bone. It is clear that lncRNAs play critical roles in regulating gene expression. For example, they can function as epigenetic regulators in the nucleus via chromatin modulation to control gene transcription, or in the cytoplasm, where they can function as scaffolds for protein-binding partners or modulate the activity of other coding and noncoding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the growing list of lncRNAs involved in normal development and/or homeostasis of the skeletal system, the potential mechanisms by which these lncRNAs might function, and recent improvements in the methodologies available to study lncRNA functions in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we address the likely utility of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diseases of the skeletal system, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and in cancers of the skeletal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen P. T. Huynh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Britta A. Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu YF, Liu Y, Fu WM, Xu J, Wang B, Sun YX, Wu TY, Xu LL, Chan KM, Zhang JF, Li G. Long noncoding RNA H19 accelerates tenogenic differentiation and promotes tendon healing through targeting miR-29b-3p and activating TGF-β1 signaling. FASEB J 2016; 31:954-964. [PMID: 27895107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600722r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injures are common orthopedic conditions, but tendon development and the pathogenesis of tendon injures, such as tendinopathy, remain largely unknown and have limited the development of clinical therapy. Studies on tenogenic differentiation at the molecular level may help in developing novel therapeutic strategies. As novel regulators, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to have widespread biological functions, and emerging evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs may play important regulatory roles in cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. In this study, we found that lncRNA H19 stimulated tenogenesis of human tendon-derived stem cells. Stable overexpression of H19 significantly accelerated TGF-β1-induced tenogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerated tendon healing in a mouse tendon defect model. H19 directly targeted miR-29b-3p, which is considered to be a negative regulator of tenogenesis. Furthermore, miR-29b-3p directly suppressed the expression of TGF-β1 and type I collagen, thereby forming a novel regulatory feedback loop between H19 and TGF-β1 to mediate tenogenic differentiation. Our study demonstrated that H19 promotes tenogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo by targeting miR-29b-3p and activating TGF-β1 signaling. Regulation of the TGF-β1/H19/miR-29b-3p regulatory loop may be a new strategy for treating tendon injury.-Lu, Y.-F., Liu, Y., Fu, W.-M., Xu, J., Wang, B., Sun, Y.-X., Wu, T.-Y., Xu, L.-L, Chan, K.-M., Zhang, J.-F., Li, G. Long noncoding RNA H19 accelerates tenogenic differentiation and promotes tendon healing through targeting miR-29b-3p and activating TGF-β1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Fei Lu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-Ming Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhouv, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Xin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tian-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang-Liang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; .,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; .,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Long Noncoding RNA Expression Signatures of Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Their Prognostic Value. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:618924. [PMID: 26448942 PMCID: PMC4584063 DOI: 10.1155/2015/618924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been found to play important roles in various cancer types. The elucidation of genome-wide lncRNA expression patterns in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) could reveal novel mechanisms underlying NPC carcinogenesis and progression. In this study, lncRNA expression profiling was performed on metastatic and primary NPC tumors, and the differentially expressed lncRNAs between these samples were identified. A total of 33,045 lncRNA probes were generated for our microarray based on authoritative data sources, including RefSeq, UCSC Knowngenes, Ensembl, and related literature. Using these probes, 8,088 lncRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed (≥2-fold). To identify the prognostic value of these differentially expressed lncRNAs, four lncRNAs (LOC84740, ENST00000498296, AL359062, and ENST00000438550) were selected; their expression levels were measured in an independent panel of 106 primary NPC samples via QPCR. Among these lncRNAs, ENST00000438550 expression was demonstrated to be significantly correlated with NPC disease progression. A survival analysis showed that a high expression level of ENST00000438550 was an independent indicator of disease progression in NPC patients (P = 0.01). In summary, this study may provide novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for NPC, as well as a novel understanding of the mechanism underlying NPC metastasis and potential targets for future treatment.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang J, Song YX, Ma B, Wang JJ, Sun JX, Chen XW, Zhao JH, Yang YC, Wang ZN. Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19886-919. [PMID: 26307974 PMCID: PMC4581331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have recently gained attention because of their involvement in different biological processes. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that mutations or abnormal expression of ncRNAs are closely associated with various diseases including cancer. The present review is a comprehensive examination of the aberrant regulation of ncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and a summary of the current findings on ncRNAs, including long ncRNAs, microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, small nuclear RNAs, Piwi-interacting RNAs, and circular RNAs. These ncRNAs might become novel biomarkers and targets as well as potential therapeutic tools for the treatment of CRC in the near future and this review may provide important clues for further research on CRC and for the selection of effective therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Yong-Xi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Jia-Jun Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Jing-Xu Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Xiao-Wan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Jun-Hua Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Yu-Chong Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Matouk IJ, Halle D, Gilon M, Hochberg A. The non-coding RNAs of the H19-IGF2 imprinted loci: a focus on biological roles and therapeutic potential in Lung Cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:113. [PMID: 25884481 PMCID: PMC4397711 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since it was first described, the imprinted cluster 11p15.5 has been reported to be deregulated in a variety of pediatric and adult cancers including that of the lung. Both protein coding and non-coding genes functioning as oncogenes or as tumor suppressor genes reside within this cluster. Oncomirs that can function as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors have also been reported. While a complete account of the role played by the 11p15.5 imprinted cluster in lung cancer is beyond the scope of this review, we will focus on the role of the non-coding RNAs processed from the H19-IGF2 loci. A special emphasis will be given to the H19/miR-675 gene locus. Their potential diagnostic and therapeutic use in lung cancer will be described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad J Matouk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - David Halle
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Michal Gilon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Abraham Hochberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Heckmann D, Urban C, Weber K, Kannenberg K, Binder G. Decreased expression of cell proliferation-related genes in clonally derived skin fibroblasts from children with Silver-Russell syndrome is independent of the degree of 11p15 ICR1 hypomethylation. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:5. [PMID: 25657826 PMCID: PMC4318184 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-014-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The in vitro analysis of the hypomethylation of imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) within the IGF2/H19 locus is challenged by the mosaic distribution of the epimutation in tissues from children with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). To exclude mosaicism, clonal cultures of skin fibroblasts from four children with SRS and three controls were analyzed. Cell proliferation, IGF-II secretion, and IGF2 and H19 expression were measured, and a microarray expression analysis was performed. Results Single-cell expansion established severely ICR1 hypomethylated clones (SRShypo) and normomethylated clones (SRSnormo) from the patients and controls (Cnormo). IGF2 expression was below the detection limit of the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay, whereas H19 expression was detectable, without differences between fibroblast clones. Cell count-related IGF-II release was comparable in SRShypo and Cnormo supernatants. Cell proliferation was diminished in SRShypo compared to Cnormo (p = 0.035). The microarray analysis revealed gene expression changes in SRS clones, predicting a decrease in cell proliferation and a delay in mitosis. Conclusions The analysis of severely ICR1 hypomethylated clonal fibroblasts did not reveal functional differences compared to normomethylated clones with respect to IGF2 and H19 expression. A difference compared to the clones from healthy individuals was present in the form of a lower proliferation rate, presumably due to impaired cell cycle progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-014-0038-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Heckmann
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christina Urban
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin Weber
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kai Kannenberg
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
LIU YANRU, ZHANG RUIFENG, YING KEJING. Long non-coding RNAs: Novel links in respiratory diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4025-31. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
30
|
H19 and MEST gene expression and histone modification in blastocysts cultured from vitrified and fresh two-cell mouse embryos. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29:559-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
31
|
Hajjari M, Khoshnevisan A, Shin YK. Molecular function and regulation of long non-coding RNAs: paradigms with potential roles in cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10645-63. [PMID: 25266799 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed within the genome. Although initially argued to be spurious transcriptional noise, these RNAs play important roles in biological pathways, as shown by different studies. Also, there are some reports about the role of lncRNAs in different cancers. They can contribute to the development and progression of cancer by the functioning as oncogene or/and tumor suppressor molecules. In this review, we point to some important lncRNAs as examples which seem to be involved in cancer initiation/progression.
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang T, Alvarez A, Hu B, Cheng SY. Noncoding RNAs in cancer and cancer stem cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2014; 32:582-93. [PMID: 24206916 PMCID: PMC3845549 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.013.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) are of crucial importance for human cancer. The functional relevance of ncRNAs is particularly evident for microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). miRNAs are endogenously expressed small RNA sequences that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and have been extensively studied for their roles in cancers, whereas lncRNAs are emerging as important players in the cancer paradigm in recent years. These noncoding genes are often aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers. However, the biological functions of most ncRNAs remain largely unknown. Recently, evidence has begun to accumulate describing how ncRNAs are dysregulated in cancer and cancer stem cells, a subset of cancer cells harboring self-renewal and differentiation capacities. These studies provide insight into the functional roles that ncRNAs play in tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapies, and they suggest ncRNAs as attractive therapeutic targets and potentially useful diagnostic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Huang
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neuro-logy, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. ,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhu M, Chen Q, Liu X, Sun Q, Zhao X, Deng R, Wang Y, Huang J, Xu M, Yan J, Yu J. lncRNA H19/miR-675 axis represses prostate cancer metastasis by targeting TGFBI. FEBS J 2014; 281:3766-75. [PMID: 24988946 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide and there is a lack of effective treatment options for advanced (metastatic) prostate cancer. Currently, limited knowledge is available concerning the role of long non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer metastasis. In this study, we found that long non-coding RNA H19 (H19) and H19-derived microRNA-675 (miR-675) were significantly downregulated in the metastatic prostate cancer cell line M12 compared with the non-metastatic prostate epithelial cell line P69. Upregulation of H19 in P69 and PC3 cells significantly increased the level of miR-675 and repressed cell migration; however, ectopic expression of H19 in M12 cells could not increase the level of miR-675 and therefore had no effect on cell migration. Furthermore, we found that the expression level of either H19 or miR-675 in P69 cells was negatively associated with the expression of transforming growth factor β induced protein (TGFBI), an extracellular matrix protein involved in cancer metastasis. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-675 directly bound with 3'UTR of TGFBI mRNA to repress its translation. Taken together, we show for the first time that the H19-miR-675 axis acts as a suppressor of prostate cancer metastasis, which may have possible diagnostic and therapeutic potential for advanced prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaojun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Placental trophoblast cell differentiation: Physiological regulation and pathological relevance to preeclampsia. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:981-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
35
|
Long and short non-coding RNAs as regulators of hematopoietic differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14744-70. [PMID: 23860209 PMCID: PMC3742271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analyses estimated that the proportion of the genome encoding proteins corresponds to approximately 1.5%, while at least 66% are transcribed, suggesting that many non-coding DNA-regions generate non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The relevance of these ncRNAs in biological, physiological as well as in pathological processes increased over the last two decades with the understanding of their implication in complex regulatory networks. This review particularly focuses on the involvement of two large families of ncRNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of hematopoiesis. To date, miRNAs have been widely studied, leading to a wealth of data about processing, regulation and mechanisms of action and more specifically, their involvement in hematopoietic differentiation. Notably, the interaction of miRNAs with the regulatory network of transcription factors is well documented whereas roles, regulation and mechanisms of lncRNAs remain largely unexplored in hematopoiesis; this review gathers current data about lncRNAs as well as both potential and confirmed roles in normal and pathological hematopoiesis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Ghanim M, Rossignol S, Delobel B, Irving M, Miller O, Devisme L, Plennevaux JL, Lucidarme-Rossi S, Manouvrier S, Salah A, Chivu O, Netchine I, Vincent-Delorme C. Possible association between complex congenital heart defects and 11p15 hypomethylation in three patients with severe Silver-Russell syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:572-7. [PMID: 23401077 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by pre- and post-natal growth restriction that spares head growth, feeding difficulties, and variable dysmorphic facial features without major malformations. Hypomethylation of the paternal 11p15 imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 are found in 50-60% and in 5-10% of SRS patients, respectively. We report on the pre- and post-natal features of three unrelated SRS patients with unusual congenital heart defects (CHDs). Two patients born prematurely had total anomalous pulmonary venous return and died shortly after birth, and a third patient, now 4 years old, had cor triatriatum sinistrum, which was surgically corrected. In all three patients, the underlying molecular defect was 11p15 ICR1 hypomethylation. Based on a large cohort with molecularly proven SRS, the prevalence of CHD in SRS is estimated at 5.5%. We suggest that the occurrence of CHD in SRS with 11p15 ICR1 hypomethylation is not coincidental, but specific to this genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ghanim
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Nord de France, CHRU Lille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vennin C, Dahmani F, Spruyt N, Adriaenssens E. Role of long non-coding RNA in cells: Example of the <i>H</i>19/<i>IGF</i>2 locus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.45a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
38
|
Transcriptional biomarkers--high throughput screening, quantitative verification, and bioinformatical validation methods. Methods 2012; 59:3-9. [PMID: 22967906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers found their way into many research fields, especially in molecular medicine, medical diagnostics, disease prognosis, risk assessment but also in other areas like food safety. Different definitions for the term biomarker exist, but on the whole biomarkers are measureable biological molecules that are characteristic for a specific physiological status including drug intervention, normal or pathological processes. There are various examples for molecular biomarkers that are already successfully used in clinical diagnostics, especially as prognostic or diagnostic tool for diseases. Molecular biomarkers can be identified on different molecular levels, namely the genome, the epigenome, the transcriptome, the proteome, the metabolome and the lipidome. With special "omic" technologies, nowadays often high throughput technologies, these molecular biomarkers can be identified and quantitatively measured. This article describes the different molecular levels on which biomarker research is possible including some biomarker candidates that have already been identified. Hereby the transcriptomic approach will be described in detail including available high throughput methods, molecular levels, quantitative verification, and biostatistical requirements for transcriptional biomarker identification and validation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mitra SA, Mitra AP, Triche TJ. A central role for long non-coding RNA in cancer. Front Genet 2012; 3:17. [PMID: 22363342 PMCID: PMC3279698 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to regulate important biological processes that support normal cellular functions. Aberrant regulation of these essential functions can promote tumor development. In this review, we underscore the importance of the regulatory role played by this distinct class of ncRNAs in cancer-associated pathways that govern mechanisms such as cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. We also highlight the possibility of using these unique RNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal A Mitra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gibb EA, Brown CJ, Lam WL. The functional role of long non-coding RNA in human carcinomas. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:38. [PMID: 21489289 PMCID: PMC3098824 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1314] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new players in the cancer paradigm demonstrating potential roles in both oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways. These novel genes are frequently aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers, however the biological functions of the vast majority remain unknown. Recently, evidence has begun to accumulate describing the molecular mechanisms by which these RNA species function, providing insight into the functional roles they may play in tumorigenesis. In this review, we highlight the emerging functional role of lncRNAs in human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A Gibb
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dudek KA, Lafont JE, Martinez-Sanchez A, Murphy CL. Type II collagen expression is regulated by tissue-specific miR-675 in human articular chondrocytes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:24381-7. [PMID: 20529846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs have been shown to be essential for normal cartilage development in the mouse. However, the role of specific miRNAs in cartilage function is unknown. Using rarely available healthy human chondrocytes (obtained from 8 to 50 year old patients), we detected a most highly abundant primary miRNA H19, whose expression was heavily dependent on cartilage master regulator SOX9. Across a range of murine tissues, expression of both H19- and H19-derived miR-675 mirrored that of cartilage-specific SOX9. miR-675 was shown to up-regulate the essential cartilage matrix component COL2A1, and overexpression of miR-675 rescued COL2A1 levels in H19- or SOX9-depleted cells. We thus provide evidence that SOX9 positively regulates COL2A1 in human articular chondrocytes via a previously unreported miR-675-dependent mechanism. This represents a novel pathway regulating cartilage matrix production and identifies miR-675 as a promising new target for cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Dudek
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tsang WP, Ng EKO, Ng SSM, Jin H, Yu J, Sung JJY, Kwok TT. Oncofetal H19-derived miR-675 regulates tumor suppressor RB in human colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2009; 31:350-8. [PMID: 19926638 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H19 is an imprinted oncofetal non-coding RNA recently shown to be the precursor of miR-675. The pathophysiological roles of H19 and its mature product miR-675 to carcinogenesis have, however, not been defined. By quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, both H19 and miR-675 were found to be upregulated in human colon cancer cell lines and primary human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Subsequently, the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (RB) was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-675 as the microRNA suppressed the activity of the luciferase reporter carrying the 3'-untranslated region of RB messenger RNA that contains the miR-675-binding site. Suppression of miR-675 by transfection with anti-miR-675 increased RB expression and at the same time, decreased cell growth and soft agar colony formation in human colon cancer cells. Reciprocally, enhanced miR-675 expression by transfection with miR-675 precursor decreased RB expression, increased tumor cell growth and soft agar colony formation. Moreover, the inverse relationship between the expressions of RB and H19/miR-675 was also revealed in human CRC tissues and colon cancer cell lines. Our findings demonstrate that H19-derived miR-675, through downregulation of its target RB, regulates the CRC development and thus may serve as a potential target for CRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Pui Tsang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Petry CJ, Rayco-Solon P, Fulford AJC, Stead JDH, Wingate DL, Ong KK, Sirugo G, Prentice AM, Dunger DB. Common polymorphic variation in the genetically diverse African insulin gene and its association with size at birth. Hum Genet 2009; 126:375-84. [PMID: 19434426 PMCID: PMC2760954 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The insulin variable number of tandem repeats (INS VNTR) has been variably associated with size at birth in non-African populations. Small size at birth is a major determinant of neonatal mortality, so the INS VNTR may influence survival. We tested the hypothesis, therefore, that genetic variation around the INS VNTR in a rural Gambian population, who experience seasonal variation in nutrition and subsequently birth weight, may be associated with foetal and early growth. Six polymorphisms flanking the INS VNTR were genotyped in over 2,500 people. Significant associations were detected between the maternally inherited SNP 27 (rs689) allele and birth length [effect size 17.5 (5.2-29.8) mm; P = 0.004; n = 361]. Significant associations were also found between the maternally inherited African-specific SNP 28 (rs5506) allele and post-natal weight gain [effect size 0.19 (0.05-0.32) z score points/year; P = 0.005; n = 728). These results suggest that in the Gambian population studied there are associations between polymorphic variation in the genetically diverse INS gene and foetal and early growth characteristics, which contribute to overall polygenic associations with these traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clive J Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, Box 116, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Esquiliano DR, Guo W, Liang L, Dikkes P, Lopez MF. Placental glycogen stores are increased in mice with H19 null mutations but not in those with insulin or IGF type 1 receptor mutations. Placenta 2009; 30:693-9. [PMID: 19524295 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The function of glycogen in the placenta remains controversial. Whether it is used as a source of fuel for placental consumption or by the fetus in times of need has yet to be determined. Two imprinted genes, insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) and H19 are highly expressed in the placenta. We have previously demonstrated that mice with Igf2 deficiency have lower levels of placental glycogen. In this study, we used mice with targeted disruption of the H19 gene (H19(-/-)) to determine the importance of Igf2 over-expression in placental growth and glycogen stores. In addition, since Igf2 mediates most of its functions by signaling through the insulin and/or IGF Type 1 receptors, we determined whether gene deletions to these receptors could affect placental glycogen stores. Our data demonstrate that placentas from H19(-/-) mice are heavier, have higher number of glycogen cells, and contain larger glycogen concentrations than those of H19(+/+) mice. No differences in GSK-3, ERK, or total Akt expression or phosphorylation were found between genotypes; however, Akt1 protein expression levels were significantly increased in H19(-/-) placentas. Results obtained from insulin receptor or IGF Type 1 receptor mutant mice did not show differences in placental glycogen content compared to their wild-type littermates, supporting the notion of a specific placental Igf2 receptor. Taken together, these results support a role for Igf2 and Akt1, but not the insulin nor the IGF Type 1 receptors, in the regulation of placental growth and glycogen metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Esquiliano
- Endocrine Division, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Freed WJ, Chen J, Bäckman CM, Schwartz CM, Vazin T, Cai J, Spivak CE, Lupica CR, Rao MS, Zeng X. Gene expression profile of neuronal progenitor cells derived from hESCs: activation of chromosome 11p15.5 and comparison to human dopaminergic neurons. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1422. [PMID: 18183302 PMCID: PMC2170519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We initiated differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into dopamine neurons, obtained a purified population of neuronal precursor cells by cell sorting, and determined patterns of gene transcription. Methodology Dopaminergic differentiation of hESCs was initiated by culturing hESCs with a feeder layer of PA6 cells. Differentiating cells were then sorted to obtain a pure population of PSA-NCAM-expressing neuronal precursors, which were then analyzed for gene expression using Massive Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS). Individual genes as well as regions of the genome which were activated were determined. Principal Findings A number of genes known to be involved in the specification of dopaminergic neurons, including MSX1, CDKN1C, Pitx1 and Pitx2, as well as several novel genes not previously associated with dopaminergic differentiation, were expressed. Notably, we found that a specific region of the genome located on chromosome 11p15.5 was highly activated. This region contains several genes which have previously been associated with the function of dopaminergic neurons, including the gene for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, IGF2, and CDKN1C, which cooperates with Nurr1 in directing the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons. Other genes in this region not previously recognized as being involved in the functions of dopaminergic neurons were also activated, including H19, TSSC4, and HBG2. IGF2 and CDKN1C were also found to be highly expressed in mature human TH-positive dopamine neurons isolated from human brain samples by laser capture. Conclusions The present data suggest that the H19-IGF2 imprinting region on chromosome 11p15.5 is involved in the process through which undifferentiated cells are specified to become neuronal precursors and/or dopaminergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Freed
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Khatib H, Schutzkus V. The expression profile of the H19 gene in cattle. Mamm Genome 2006; 17:991-6. [PMID: 16964441 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-006-0038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the H19 gene has been well studied in fetal human and mouse tissues but not in cattle. It is generally believed that H19 is abundantly expressed in the early stages of embryogenesis and is repressed postnatally. We report the expression pattern of this gene in cattle in a total of 120 fetal-organ combinations and in a total of 108 adult-organ combinations using quantitative real time PCR. In fetal tissues, H19 was abundantly expressed in amnion, chorion, and allantois. Fetal liver, lung, heart, spleen, eye, rib, mammary gland, and cotyledon showed moderate expression, while intestine and brain showed lower expression levels. For some organs examined in this study, the expression pattern in cattle fetal organs was similar to that of human, mouse, and sheep. For adult organs, H19 was highly expressed in muscle and moderately expressed in liver, lung, heart, kidney, pancreas, and ovary. Low expression levels were observed for adult spleen, caruncle, and endometrium. Of considerable interest was the observation that H19 transcripts have not been detected in the mouse and human kidney or in the mouse spleen. In contrast, we observed significant expression levels in adult kidney and low expression levels in adult spleen. In a comparison of adults and fetuses, significant differences in H19 expression levels were found for liver, lung, heart, and spleen. The expression pattern in adults implies that, in addition to possible roles in embryogenesis, the H19 gene may have other functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Khatib
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tycko B. Imprinted genes in placental growth and obstetric disorders. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 113:271-8. [PMID: 16575190 DOI: 10.1159/000090842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting has a special role in placental biology. Imprinted genes are often strongly expressed in the placenta, and the allelic expression bias due to imprinting is sometimes stronger in this extraembryonic organ than in the embryo and adult. Mutations, epimutations, and uniparental disomies affecting imprinted loci cause placental stunting or overgrowth in mice and humans, and placental neoplasms (complete hydatidiform moles) are androgenetic. Whether imprinted genes might also play a role in the more common medical conditions that affect the placenta, including preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), is an important question that is now receiving some attention. Here we review this area and describe recent data indicating altered expression of imprinted genes in the placental response to maternal vascular underperfusion associated with IUGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Tycko
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Edwards RG, Hansis C. Initial differentiation of blastomeres in 4-cell human embryos and its significance for early embryogenesis and implantation. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 11:206-18. [PMID: 16168219 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This brief review is devoted to the nature of early blastomere differentiation in human 4-cell embryos and its consequences for embryonic development. Precursor cells of inner cell mass, germline, and trophectoderm may be formed at this stage, the clearest evidence being available for trophectoderm. The sites of these precursor cells in the embryo could be ascertained using markers for animal and vegetal poles, observing specific cleavage planes, and assessing gene and protein expression. This opens new opportunities for studying 4-cell embryos and removing or replacing specific cells. Knowledge of the properties of individual blastomeres should help in improving assisted human reproduction, performing preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and perhaps establishing specific stem cell lines. Special attention is paid to well-characterized trophectoderm, the trophectoderm stem cell, and possible new forms of clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Edwards
- Reproductive BioMedicine Online, Duck End Farm, Dry Drayton, Cambridge CB3 8DB, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lottin S, Adriaenssens E, Berteaux N, Leprêtre A, Vilain MO, Denhez E, Coll J, Dugimont T, Curgy JJ. The human H19 gene is frequently overexpressed in myometrium and stroma during pathological endometrial proliferative events. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:168-77. [PMID: 15618002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Revised: 09/07/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the patterns of H19 expression in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic human uterine tissues. H19 RNAs were detected by an in situ hybridisation technique (ISH). In both normal and pathological conditions, H19 was expressed in stromal and myometrial cells, but never in epithelial cells. 34/48 carcinomas overexpressed H19 compared with the expression in normal tissues. This high expression was frequently observed in the vicinity of malignant epithelial cells. This suggests that the level of H19 RNA synthesis could be the result of epithelium/stroma interactions. We also demonstrated that several cancerous or immortalised breast epithelial cells release factors into the culture medium, which in turn stimulate H19 expression in stromal cells. The level of H19 expression, estimated by ISH, was not significantly correlated with histological type when all types were considered together (P = 0.108), but was highly correlated to one type of cancer, i.e. carcinomas with an epidermoid component (P = 0.0015). The level of H19 expression was also strongly correlated with tumour invasion of the reproductive organs (P = 0.006) and significantly correlated with neoplastic cell invasion of the myometrium (P = 0.048). In conclusion, our results indicate that H19 overexpression is correlated with the progression of the disease and we propose that this frequent overexpression of the gene in the myometrium and in stroma is a reaction to pathological cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lottin
- INSERM ERI-8: Signalisation des Facteurs de Croissance dans le Cancer du Sein, Protéomique Fonctionnelle, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (UPRES 1033), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stuhlmüller B, Kunisch E, Franz J, Martinez-Gamboa L, Hernandez MM, Pruss A, Ulbrich N, Erdmann VA, Burmester GR, Kinne RW. Detection of oncofetal h19 RNA in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003; 163:901-11. [PMID: 12937131 PMCID: PMC1868271 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The expression of oncofetal H19 RNA and its localization/cellular source was analyzed in synovial tissue (ST) and isolated synovial macrophages (Mphi) or synovial fibroblasts (SFBs) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR showed significantly higher H19 expression in ST from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (P = 0.000) and osteoarthritis (OA) (P = 0.009) than in normal/joint trauma controls (N/JT), but comparable levels in reactive arthritis. In situ hybridization demonstrated strong signals in all RA-ST samples (n = 8), with > or =85% positive cells in the lining layer, diffuse infiltrates, and stroma regions. In lymphoid aggregates and endothelial cells only 20% were positive. RA-ST contained a significantly higher percentage of strongly positive lining cells than OA-ST and N/JT-ST. H19 RNA was expressed in both Mphi and SFBs, as confirmed by RT-PCR in isolated RA Mphi and SFBs (n = 3). In RA-SFBs, low constitutive H19 RNA expression in culture (10% fetal calf serum) was strongly increased on starvation (3.5-fold, 1% fetal calf serum), with or without the addition of interleukin-1beta (10 to 100 U/ml), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1 to 25 ng/ml), or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (2.5 to 10 U/ml). In OA-SFBs, this starvation-induced increase was lower (twofold), reaching significant differences compared with RA-SFBs after stimulation with interleukin-1beta and platelet-derived growth factor-BB. In both RA- and OA-SFBs, the MAP-kinase ERK-1/2 pathway and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway influenced H19 RNA expression, as shown by inhibitor studies. Significant overexpression of H19 RNA and its increased sensitivity to starvation/cytokine regulation in RA suggests a pathogenetic role of this oncofetal gene, possibly reflecting embryonal dedifferentiation of the adult ST and/or ongoing inflammatory/oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stuhlmüller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Humboldt University of Berlin, Tucholskystrasse 2, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|