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Radak M, Fallahi H. Cell-cell communication in stem cells and cancer: Alone but in touch. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:479-488. [PMID: 38228866 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular communication and signaling pathways are fundamental regulators of stem cell and cancer cell behaviors. This review explores the intricate interplay of these pathways in governing cellular behaviors, focusing on their implications for diseases, particularly cancer. OBJECTIVES This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the significance of cellular signaling pathways in regulating the behavior of stem cells and cancer cells. It delves into the alterations in these pathways, their impact on cell fate, and their implications for developing diseases, notably cancer. The objective is to underscore the importance of understanding these signaling pathways for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. METHODS The review critically analyzes existing literature and research findings concerning the roles of signaling pathways in stem cell behavior regulation, emphasizing their parallels and disparities in cancer cells. It synthesizes information on both direct and indirect modes of cell communication to delineate the complexity of signaling networks. RESULTS Direct and indirect modes of cell communication intricately regulate the complex signaling pathways governing stem cell behaviors, influencing differentiation potential and tissue regeneration. Alterations in these pathways significantly impact stem cell fate, contributing to disease pathogenesis, including cancer. Understanding these signaling cascades offers insights into developing targeted therapies, particularly cancer treatment. CONCLUSION Understanding the regulation of signaling pathways in stem cells and the specialized subset of cancer stem cells holds promise for innovative therapeutic approaches. By targeting aberrant signaling pathways, tailored interventions may improve treatment outcomes. This review underscores the critical role of signaling pathways in cellular behaviors, offering a pathway toward developing novel, more effective therapies for diverse diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Radak
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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2
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Khan S, Raghuram V, Chen L, Chou CL, Yang CR, Khundmiri SJ, Knepper MA. Vasopressin V2 receptor, tolvaptan, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the renal collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F57-F68. [PMID: 37916285 PMCID: PMC10812694 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00124.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolvaptan, a vasopressin antagonist selective for the V2-subtype vasopressin receptor (V2R), is widely used in the treatment of hyponatremia and autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Its effects on signaling in collecting duct cells have not been fully characterized. Here, we perform RNA-seq in a collecting duct cell line (mpkCCD). The data show that tolvaptan inhibits the expression of mRNAs that were previously shown to be increased in response to vasopressin including aquaporin-2, but also reveals mRNA changes that were not readily predictable and suggest off-target actions of tolvaptan. One such action is activation of the MAPK kinase (ERK1/ERK2) pathway. Prior studies have shown that ERK1/ERK2 activation is essential in the regulation of a variety of cellular and physiological processes and can be associated with cell proliferation. In immunoblotting experiments, we demonstrated that ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation in mpkCCD cells was significantly reduced by vasopressin, in contrast to the increases seen in non-collecting-duct cells overexpressing V2R in prior studies. We also found that tolvaptan has a strong effect to increase ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation in the presence of vasopressin and that tolvaptan's effect to increase ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation is absent in mpkCCD cells in which both protein kinase A (PKA)-catalytic subunits have been deleted. Thus, it appears that the tolvaptan effect to increase ERK activation is PKA-dependent and is not due to an off-target effect of tolvaptan. We conclude that in cells expressing V2R at endogenous levels: 1) vasopressin decreases ERK1/ERK2 activation; 2) in the presence of vasopressin, tolvaptan increases ERK1/ERK2 activation; and 3) these effects are PKA-dependent.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vasopressin is a key hormone that regulates the function of the collecting duct of the kidney. ERK1 and ERK2 are enzymes that play key roles in physiological regulation in all cells. The authors used collecting duct cell cultures to investigate the effects of vasopressin and the vasopressin receptor antagonist tolvaptan on ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Khan
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Syed J Khundmiri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Ayaki S, Mii T, Matsuno K, Tokuyama T, Tokuyama T, Tokuyama T, Uyama T, Ueda N. β-1,4-Galactan suppresses lipid synthesis in sebaceous gland cells via TLR4. J Biochem 2023; 173:85-94. [PMID: 36288613 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sebum is a lipid mixture secreted from sebaceous glands of the skin. The excessive secretion of sebum causes acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis, while its deficiency causes xerosis. Therefore, the appropriate control of sebum secretion is crucially important to keep the skin healthy. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of naturally occurring polysaccharides on lipid biosynthesis in hamster sebaceous gland cells. Among the tested polysaccharides, β-1,4-galactan, the main chain of type I arabinogalactan, most potently suppressed lipid synthesis in the sebaceous gland cells as analysed by oil red O staining. Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 inhibitors counteracted this suppressive effect and lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand, mimicked this effect, suggesting the involvement of the TLR4 signalling pathway. In the cells β-1,4-galactan significantly decreased mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related transcription factors (peroxisomeGraphical Abstract$\includegraphics{\bwartpath }$ proliferator-activated receptor γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) and enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase) as well as the glucose transporter GLUT4. Furthermore, β-1,4-galactan increased the production of lactic acid serving as a natural moisturizing factor and enhanced the proliferation of sebaceous gland cells. These results suggest potential of β-1,4-galactan as a material with therapeutic and cosmetic values for the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Ayaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.,Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mii
- Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuno
- Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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4
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Ojea Ramos S, Feld M, Fustiñana MS. Contributions of extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 activity to the memory trace. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:988790. [PMID: 36277495 PMCID: PMC9580372 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.988790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to learn from experience and consequently adapt our behavior is one of the most fundamental capacities enabled by complex and plastic nervous systems. Next to cellular and systems-level changes, learning and memory formation crucially depends on molecular signaling mechanisms. In particular, the extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), historically studied in the context of tumor growth and proliferation, has been shown to affect synaptic transmission, regulation of neuronal gene expression and protein synthesis leading to structural synaptic changes. However, to what extent the effects of ERK are specifically related to memory formation and stabilization, or merely the result of general neuronal activation, remains unknown. Here, we review the signals leading to ERK activation in the nervous system, the subcellular ERK targets associated with learning-related plasticity, and how neurons with activated ERK signaling may contribute to the formation of the memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ojea Ramos
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Feld
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Mariana Feld,
| | - María Sol Fustiñana
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- María Sol Fustiñana,
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5
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Kirk SG, Murphy PR, Wang X, Cash CJ, Barley TJ, Bowman BA, Batty AJ, Ackerman WE, Zhang J, Nelin LD, Hafner M, Liu Y. Knockout of MAPK Phosphatase-1 Exaggerates Type I IFN Response during Systemic Escherichia coli Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2966-2979. [PMID: 34039638 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that Mkp-1-deficient mice produce elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 following systemic Escherichia coli infection, and they exhibited increased mortality, elevated bacterial burden, and profound metabolic alterations. To understand the function of Mkp-1 during bacterial infection, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis to compare the global gene expression between E. coli-infected wild-type and Mkp-1 -/- mice. A large number of IFN-stimulated genes were more robustly expressed in E. coli-infected Mkp-1 -/- mice than in wild-type mice. Multiplex analysis of the serum cytokine levels revealed profound increases in IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α and β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-27, and GMSF levels in E. coli-infected Mkp-1 -/- mice relative to wild-type mice. Administration of a neutralizing Ab against the receptor for type I IFN to Mkp-1 -/- mice prior to E. coli infection augmented mortality and disease severity. Mkp-1 -/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) produced higher levels of IFN-β mRNA and protein than did wild-type BMDM upon treatment with LPS, E. coli, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and herring sperm DNA. Augmented IFN-β induction in Mkp-1 -/- BMDM was blocked by a p38 inhibitor but not by an JNK inhibitor. Enhanced Mkp-1 expression abolished IFN-β induction by both LPS and E. coli but had little effect on the IFN-β promoter activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Mkp-1 deficiency did not have an overt effect on IRF3/7 phosphorylation or IKK activation but modestly enhanced IFN-β mRNA stability in LPS-stimulated BMDM. Our results suggest that Mkp-1 regulates IFN-β production primarily through a p38-mediated mechanism and that IFN-β plays a beneficial role in E. coli-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Kirk
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Parker R Murphy
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Xiantao Wang
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Charles J Cash
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Timothy J Barley
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Bridget A Bowman
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Abel J Batty
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - William E Ackerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and
| | - Leif D Nelin
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yusen Liu
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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miR-31-5p promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of goat hair follicle stem cells by targeting RASA1/MAP3K1 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2020; 398:112441. [PMID: 33338478 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta white goat is a sole goat species that can naturally produce superior-quality brush hair. It's worth to mention that study the developmental mechanism of goat hair follicle stem cells is vital for future breed preservation and molecular breeding. In this study, we successfully isolated hair follicle stem cells from the skin tissue of fetal sheep neck spine, and harvested superior-quality and normal-quality brush hair goat tissue. The expression of miR-31-5p in goat hair follicle stem cells was verified by qPCR and Western blot. The effects of overexpression or inhibition of miR-31-5p on the proliferation and apoptosis of hair follicle stem cells were detected by EdU, CCK-8, flow cytometry, etc. miR-31-5p can significantly improve cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis by targeting RASA1 and upregulating MAP3K1 level, whereas miR-31-5p knockdown led to an opposite effect. These results reveal a miR-31-5p-associated regulatory network between miR-31-5p and RASA1/MAP3K1 during the progression of superiorquality brush hair traits.
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7
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Sushak L, Gabure S, Maise J, Arnett J, Whalen MM. Dibutyltin alters immune cell production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-6: role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and changes in mRNA. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1047-1059. [PMID: 32141102 PMCID: PMC7354221 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyltin (DBT) is used to stabilize plastics and as a deworming agent in some poultry. It is found in human blood (levels as high as 0.3 μM). Interleukin (IL) 1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 are pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by lymphocytes, monocytes, and other cells. Elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-6 have been associated with pathologies including rheumatoid arthritis and cancers. DBT was shown to decrease IL-1β and IL-6 secretion from immune cells at higher concentrations while causing increases at lower concentrations. However, it was not clear if these changes were due to DBT's alteration of the secretory process or due its ability to change cellular synthesis/production of these proteins. This study addresses this question, as well as mechanisms for any observed changes in synthesis/production. Monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MD-PBMCs) were exposed to DBT at concentrations of 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, and 0.05 μM for 1, 6, and 24 h and the production (combination of secreted and intracellular levels from the same cells) of both IL-1β and IL-6 were measured. Effects of selected DBT exposures on cytokine production were also examined in PBMCs and DBT's effects were similar when monocytes were present. The 24-h exposures to DBT decreased production of both IL-1β and IL-6 at the two highest concentrations but increased production at lower concentrations. Both decreases and increases in cytokine production appear to be explained by DBT-induced changes in mRNA levels. DBT-induced increases in cellular production of the cytokines appear to require p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sushak
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sahra Gabure
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - JaQuel Maise
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica Arnett
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M Whalen
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
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8
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ERK2 Phosphorylates PFAS to Mediate Posttranslational Control of De Novo Purine Synthesis. Mol Cell 2020; 78:1178-1191.e6. [PMID: 32485148 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The RAS-ERK/MAPK (RAS-extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway integrates growth-promoting signals to stimulate cell growth and proliferation, at least in part, through alterations in metabolic gene expression. However, examples of direct and rapid regulation of the metabolic pathways by the RAS-ERK pathway remain elusive. We find that physiological and oncogenic ERK signaling activation leads to acute metabolic flux stimulation through the de novo purine synthesis pathway, thereby increasing building block availability for RNA and DNA synthesis, which is required for cell growth and proliferation. We demonstrate that ERK2, but not ERK1, phosphorylates the purine synthesis enzyme PFAS (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) at T619 in cells to stimulate de novo purine synthesis. The expression of nonphosphorylatable PFAS (T619A) decreases purine synthesis, RAS-dependent cancer cell-colony formation, and tumor growth. Thus, ERK2-mediated PFAS phosphorylation facilitates the increase in nucleic acid synthesis required for anabolic cell growth and proliferation.
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9
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Annunziata MC, Parisi M, Esposito G, Fabbrocini G, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F. Phosphorylation Sites in Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Regulated by Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113818. [PMID: 32471307 PMCID: PMC7312799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3 are members of Formyl Peptides Receptors (FPRs) family belonging to the GPCR superfamily. FPR2 is a low affinity receptor for formyl peptides and it is considered the most promiscuous member of this family. Intracellular signaling cascades triggered by FPRs include the activation of different protein kinases and phosphatase, as well as tyrosine kinase receptors transactivation. Protein kinases and phosphatases act coordinately and any impairment of their activation or regulation represents one of the most common causes of several human diseases. Several phospho-sites has been identified in protein kinases and phosphatases, whose role may be to expand the repertoire of molecular mechanisms of regulation or may be necessary for fine-tuning of switch properties. We previously performed a phospho-proteomic analysis in FPR2-stimulated cells that revealed, among other things, not yet identified phospho-sites on six protein kinases and one protein phosphatase. Herein, we discuss on the selective phosphorylation of Serine/Threonine-protein kinase N2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PRP4 homolog, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase MARK2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PAK4, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase 10, Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2, and Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A, triggered by FPR2 stimulation. We also describe the putative FPR2-dependent signaling cascades upstream to these specific phospho-sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Annunziata
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Melania Parisi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +39-081-7464-359
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10
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Xu D, Xu H, Zhang Y, Chen W, Gao R. Protein-Protein Interactions Prediction Based on Graph Energy and Protein Sequence Information. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081841. [PMID: 32316294 PMCID: PMC7221971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) plays an essential role in the understanding of protein functions and cellular biological activities. However, the traditional experiment-based methods are time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, developing new reliable computational approaches has great practical significance for the identification of PPIs. In this paper, a novel prediction method is proposed for predicting PPIs using graph energy, named PPI-GE. Particularly, in the process of feature extraction, we designed two new feature extraction methods, the physicochemical graph energy based on the ionization equilibrium constant and isoelectric point and the contact graph energy based on the contact information of amino acids. The dipeptide composition method was used for order information of amino acids. After multi-information fusion, principal component analysis (PCA) was implemented for eliminating noise and a robust weighted sparse representation-based classification (WSRC) classifier was applied for sample classification. The prediction accuracies based on the five-fold cross-validation of the human, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and yeast data sets were 99.49%, 97.15%, and 99.56%, respectively. In addition, in five independent data sets and two significant PPI networks, the comparative experimental results also demonstrate that PPI-GE obtained better performance than the compared methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (D.X.); (H.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Hanxiao Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (D.X.); (H.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Yusen Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (D.X.); (H.X.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (D.X.); (H.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;
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11
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Identification of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) as an Active Component Citrus Jabara That Suppresses FcεRI-Mediated Mast Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072472. [PMID: 32252468 PMCID: PMC7177689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Jabara (Citrus jabara Hort. ex Y. Tanaka) is a type of citrus fruit known for its beneficial effect against seasonal allergies. Jabara is rich in the antioxidant narirutin whose anti-allergy effect has been demonstrated. One of the disadvantages in consuming Jabara is its bitter flavor. Therefore, we fermented the fruit to reduce the bitterness and make Jabara easy to consume. Here, we examined whether fermentation alters the anti-allergic property of Jabara. Suppression of degranulation and cytokine production was observed in mast cells treated with fermented Jabara and the effect was dependent on the length of fermentation. We also showed that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) increases as fermentation progresses and was identified as an active component of fermented Jabara, which inhibited mast cell degranulation. Mast cells treated with 5-HMF also exhibited reduced degranulation and cytokine production. In addition, we showed that the expression levels of phospho-PLCγ1 and phospho-ERK1/2 were markedly reduced upon FcεRI stimulation. These results indicate that 5-HMF is one of the active components of fermented Jabara that is involved in the inhibition of mast cell activation.
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12
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Morè L, Lauterborn JC, Papaleo F, Brambilla R. Enhancing cognition through pharmacological and environmental interventions: Examples from preclinical models of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 110:28-45. [PMID: 30981451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the role of environmental and pharmacological treatments to enhance cognition with special regards to neurodevelopmental related disorders and aging. How the environment influences brain structure and function, and the interactions between rearing conditions and gene expression, are fundamental questions that are still poorly understood. We propose a model that can explain some of the discrepancies in findings for effects of environmental enrichment on outcome measures. Evidence of a direct causal correlation of nootropics and treatments that enhanced cognition also will be presented, and possible molecular mechanisms that include neurotrophin signaling and downstream pathways underlying these processes are discussed. Finally we review recent findings achieved with a wide set of behavioral and cognitive tasks that have translational validity to humans, and should be useful for future work on devising appropriate therapies. As will be discussed, the collective findings suggest that a combinational therapeutic approach of environmental enrichment and nootropics could be particularly successful for improving learning and memory in both developmental disorders and normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Morè
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, PR1 2XT, Preston, UK.
| | - Julie C Lauterborn
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK.
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Kong M, Zhang Y, Xu D, Chen W, Dehmer M. FCTP-WSRC: Protein-Protein Interactions Prediction via Weighted Sparse Representation Based Classification. Front Genet 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 32117437 PMCID: PMC7010952 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The task of predicting protein–protein interactions (PPIs) has been essential in the context of understanding biological processes. This paper proposes a novel computational model namely FCTP-WSRC to predict PPIs effectively. Initially, combinations of the F-vector, composition (C) and transition (T) are used to map each protein sequence onto numeric feature vectors. Afterwards, an effective feature extraction method PCA (principal component analysis) is employed to reconstruct the most discriminative feature subspaces, which is subsequently used as input in weighted sparse representation based classification (WSRC) for prediction. The FCTP-WSRC model achieves accuracies of 96.67%, 99.82%, and 98.09% for H. pylori, Human and Yeast datasets respectively. Furthermore, the FCTP-WSRC model performs well when predicting three significant PPIs networks: the single-core network (CD9), the multiple-core network (Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk-Elk-Srf pathway), and the cross-connection network (Wnt-related Network). Consequently, the promising results show that the proposed method can be a powerful tool for PPIs prediction with excellent performance and less time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China
| | - Yusen Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China
| | - Da Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China
| | - Matthias Dehmer
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Management, Steyr, Austria.,College of Artificial Intellegience, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biomedical Computer Science and Mechantronics, UMIT Hall, Tyrol, Austria
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14
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Higgins EM, Bos JM, Dotzler SM, John Kim CS, Ackerman MJ. MRAS Variants Cause Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Additional Evidence for MRAS as a Definitive Noonan Syndrome-Susceptibility Gene. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 12:e002648. [PMID: 31638832 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRAS was identified recently as a novel Noonan syndrome (NS)-susceptibility gene. Phenotypically, both patients with NS, harboring pathogenic MRAS variants, displayed severe cardiac hypertrophy. This study aimed to demonstrate both the necessity and sufficiency of a patient-specific variant (p.Gly23Val-MRAS) to cause NS through the generation and characterization of patient-specific, isogenic control, and disease modeled induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. METHODS iPSCs were derived from a patient with a p.Gly23Val-MRAS variant to assess the effect of MRAS variants on pathogenesis of NS-associated cardiac hypertrophy. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was used to correct the pathogenic p.Gly23Val-MRAS variant in patient cells (isogenic control) and to introduce the pathogenic variant into unrelated control cells (disease modeled) to determine the necessity and sufficiency of the p.Gly23Val-MRAS variant to elicit the disease phenotype in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). iPSC-CMs were analyzed by microscopy and immunofluroesence, single-cell RNAseq, Western blot, room temperature-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and live-cell calcium imaging to define an in vitro phenotype of MRAS-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. RESULTS Compared with controls, both patient and disease modeled iPSC-CMs were significantly larger and demonstrated changes in gene expression and intracellular pathway signaling characteristic of cardiac hypertrophy. Additionally, patient and disease modeled iPSC-CMs displayed impaired Ca2+ handling, including increased frequency of irregular Ca2+ transients and changes in Ca2+ handling kinetics. CONCLUSIONS p.Gly23Val-MRAS is both necessary and sufficient to elicit a cardiac hypertrophy phenotype in iPSC-CMs that includes increased cell size, changes in cardiac gene expression, and abnormal calcium handling-providing further evidence to establish the monogenetic pathogenicity of p.Gly23Val-MRAS in NS with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Higgins
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (E.M.H., J.M.B., S.M.D., C.J.K., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - J Martijn Bos
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (E.M.H., J.M.B., S.M.D., C.J.K., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Division of Heart Rhythm Services (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Steven M Dotzler
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (E.M.H., J.M.B., S.M.D., C.J.K., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine (S.M.D., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - C S John Kim
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (E.M.H., J.M.B., S.M.D., C.J.K., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (E.M.H., J.M.B., S.M.D., C.J.K., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Division of Heart Rhythm Services (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine (S.M.D., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Cardiology (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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15
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Predicting response to BET inhibitors using computational modeling: A BEAT AML project study. Leuk Res 2019; 77:42-50. [PMID: 30642575 PMCID: PMC6442457 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), overall survival rates remain low. The ability to predict treatment response based on individual cancer genomics using computational modeling will aid in the development of novel therapeutics and personalize care. Here, we used a combination of genomics, computational biology modeling (CBM), ex vivo chemosensitivity assay, and clinical data from 100 randomly selected patients in the Beat AML project to characterize AML sensitivity to a bromodomain (BRD) and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor. Computational biology modeling was used to generate patient-specific protein network maps of activated and inactivated protein pathways translated from each genomic profile. Digital drug simulations of a BET inhibitor (JQ1) were conducted by quantitatively measuring drug effect using a composite AML disease inhibition score. 93% of predicted disease inhibition scores matched the associated ex vivo IC50 value. Sensitivity and specificity of CBM predictions were 97.67%, and 64.29%, respectively. Genomic predictors of response were identified. Patient samples harbouring chromosomal aberrations del(7q) or −7, +8, or del(5q) and somatic mutations causing ERK pathway dysregulation, responded to JQ1 in both in silico and ex vivo assays. This study shows how a combination of genomics, computational modeling and chemosensitivity testing can identify network signatures associating with treatment response and can inform priority populations for future clinical trials of BET inhibitors.
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The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Redox-Dependent Signaling: Homeostatic and Pathological Responses in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100156. [PMID: 30287799 PMCID: PMC6211135 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important metabolite involved in most of the redox metabolism reactions and processes of the cells. H2O2 is recognized as one of the main molecules in the sensing, modulation and signaling of redox metabolism, and it is acting as a second messenger together with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). These second messengers activate in turn a cascade of downstream proteins via specific oxidations leading to a metabolic response of the cell. This metabolic response can determine proliferation, survival or death of the cell depending on which downstream pathways (homeostatic, pathological, or protective) have been activated. The cells have several sources of H2O2 and cellular systems strictly control its concentration in different subcellular compartments. This review summarizes research on the role played by H2O2 in signaling pathways of eukaryotic cells and how this signaling leads to homeostatic or pathological responses.
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Lei H, Wen Y, You Z, Elazab A, Tan EL, Zhao Y, Lei B. Protein-Protein Interactions Prediction via Multimodal Deep Polynomial Network and Regularized Extreme Learning Machine. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2018; 23:1290-1303. [PMID: 29994278 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2018.2845866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has played an important role in many applications. Hence, a novel computational method for PPIs prediction is highly desirable. PPIs endow with protein amino acid mutation rate and two physicochemical properties of protein (e.g., hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity). Deep polynomial network (DPN) is well-suited to integrate these modalities since it can represent any function on a finite sample dataset via the supervised deep learning algorithm. We propose a multimodal DPN (MDPN) algorithm to effectively integrate these modalities to enhance prediction performance. MDPN consists of a two-stage DPN, the first stage feeds multiple protein features into DPN encoding to obtain high-level feature representation while the second stage fuses and learns features by cascading three types of high-level features in the DPN encoding. We employ a regularized extreme learning machine to predict PPIs. The proposed method is tested on the public dataset of H. pylori, Human, and Yeast and achieves average accuracies of 97.87%, 99.90%, and 98.11%, respectively. The proposed method also achieves good accuracies on other datasets. Furthermore, we test our method on three kinds of PPI networks and obtain superior prediction results.
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18
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Suppression of the ERK-SRF axis facilitates somatic cell reprogramming. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e448. [PMID: 29472703 PMCID: PMC5903827 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying the initiation of somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has not been well described. Thus, we generated single-cell-derived clones by using a combination of drug-inducible vectors encoding transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc) and a single-cell expansion strategy. This system achieved a high reprogramming efficiency after metabolic and epigenetic remodeling. Functional analyses of the cloned cells revealed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling was downregulated at an early stage of reprogramming and that its inhibition was a driving force for iPSC formation. Among the reprogramming factors, Myc predominantly induced ERK suppression. ERK inhibition upregulated the conversion of somatic cells into iPSCs through concomitant suppression of serum response factor (SRF). Conversely, SRF activation suppressed the reprogramming induced by ERK inhibition and negatively regulated embryonic pluripotency by inducing differentiation via upregulation of immediate early genes, such as c-Jun, c-Fos and EGR1. These data reveal that suppression of the ERK-SRF axis is an initial molecular event that facilitates iPSC formation and may be a useful surrogate marker for cellular reprogramming.
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Loss of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Leads to RPE65 Decrease and Retinal Degeneration. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00295-17. [PMID: 29038159 PMCID: PMC5705814 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00295-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work suggested that the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is increased in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) patients and therefore could be an attractive therapeutic target. Notably, ERK1/2 pathway inhibitors are used in cancer therapy, with severe and noncharacterized ocular side effects. To decipher the role of ERK1/2 in RPE cells, we conditionally disrupted the Erk1 and Erk2 genes in mouse RPE. The loss of ERK1/2 activity resulted in a significant decrease in the level of RPE65 expression, a decrease in ocular retinoid levels concomitant with low visual function, and a rapid disorganization of RPE cells, ultimately leading to retinal degeneration. Our results identify the ERK1/2 pathway as a direct regulator of the visual cycle and a critical component of the viability of RPE and photoreceptor cells. Moreover, our results caution about the need for a very fine adjustment of kinase inhibition in cancer or ARMD treatment in order to avoid ocular side effects.
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Parthenolide suppresses non-small cell lung cancer GLC-82 cells growth via B-Raf/MAPK/Erk pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23436-23447. [PMID: 28423582 PMCID: PMC5410316 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one type of lung cancer, owns high rates of morbidity and mortality. B-Raf is one of the promising oncogenic drivers of NSCLC. Parthenolide, a natural product, is mainly extracted from the herbal plant Tanacetum parthenium. The effect of parthenolide on NSCLC cells and its potential as B-Raf inhibitor were studied in this study. It's shown that parthenolide exhibited the strong cytotoxicity against NSCLC cells with IC50 ranging from 6.07 ± 0.45 to 15.38 ± 1.13 μM. Parthenolide was also able to induce apoptosis, suppress proliferation and invasion in NSCLC cells. In terms of the involved mechanism, parthenolide suppressed GLC-82 cell response via targeting on B-Raf and inhibiting MAPK/Erk pathway signaling. The effect of parthenolide on B-Raf and MAPK/Erk pathway was further confirmed by RNA interference of B-Raf. Decreased expression of c-Myc in protein and mRNA level was also discovered, which is considered as the further downstream of the MAPK/Erk pathway. In addition, STAT3 activity inhibition by parthenolide contributed to its effect on GLC-82 cells, which is independent of PI3K pathway signaling and GSK3. All above provide an insight to understand the action of parthenolide as a potential B-Raf inhibitor in treatment of NSCLC.
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21
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Kheitan S, Minuchehr Z, Soheili ZS. Exploring the cross talk between ER stress and inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181667. [PMID: 28742151 PMCID: PMC5524348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. However the cross talk between these cellular mechanisms has not been clearly and fully understood. The present study investigates a possible intersection between ER stress and inflammation in AMD. In this study, we recruited two collections of involved protein markers to retrieve their interaction information from IMEx-curated databases, which are the most well- known protein-protein interaction collections, allowing us to design an intersection network for AMD that is unprecedented. In order to find expression activated subnetworks, we utilized AMD expression profiles in our network. In addition, we studied topological characteristics of the most expressed active subnetworks to identify the hubs. With regard to topological quantifications and expressional activity, we reported a list of the most pivotal hubs which are potentially applicable as probable therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we introduced MAPK signaling pathway as a significantly involved pathway in the association between ER stress and inflammation, leading to promising new directions in discovering AMD formation mechanisms and possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Kheitan
- Systems Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarrin Minuchehr
- Systems Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Zahra-Soheila Soheili
- Molecular Medicine Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Ye H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xia J, Mao X, Yu X. The restraining effect of baicalein and U0126 on human cervical cancer cell line HeLa. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:957-963. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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23
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Balmer D, Bapst-Wicht L, Pyakurel A, Emery M, Nanchen N, Bochet CG, Roduit R. Bis-Retinoid A2E Induces an Increase of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor via Inhibition of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2 Pathway in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells and Facilitates Phagocytosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:43. [PMID: 28298893 PMCID: PMC5331064 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in developed countries. Hallmarks of the disease are well known; indeed, this pathology is characterized by lipofuscin accumulation, is principally composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. The N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine (A2E) retinoid which is thought to be a cytotoxic component for RPE is the best-characterized component of lipofuscin so far. Even if no direct correlation between A2E spatial distribution and lipofuscin fluorescence has been established in aged human RPE, modified forms or metabolites of A2E could be involved in ARMD pathology. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have been involved in many pathologies, but not in ARMD. Therefore, we wanted to analyze the effects of A2E on MAPKs in polarized ARPE19 and isolated mouse RPE cells. We showed that long-term exposure of polarized ARPE19 cells to low A2E dose induces a strong decrease of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases' (ERK1/2) activity. In addition, we showed that A2E, via ERK1/2 decrease, induces a significant decrease of the retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65 kDa (RPE65) expression in ARPE19 cells and isolated mouse RPE. In the meantime, we showed that the decrease of ERK1/2 activity mediates an increase of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA expression and secretion that induces an increase in phagocytosis via a paracrine effect. We suggest that the accumulation of deposits coming from outer segments (OS) could be explained by both an increase of bFGF-induced phagocytosis and by the decrease of clearance by A2E. The bFGF angiogenic protein may therefore be an attractive target to treat ARMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aswin Pyakurel
- Institute for Research in OphthalmologySion, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des AveuglesLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Emery
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology Sion, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Raphael Roduit
- Institute for Research in OphthalmologySion, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des AveuglesLausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Zhu X, Zhou L, Zhong L, Dai D, Hong M, You R, Wang T. Exploration of potential RSK2 inhibitors by pharmacophore modelling, structure-based 3D-QSAR, molecular docking study and molecular dynamics simulation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2016.1274987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Duoqian Dai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Meiyuan Hong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Rong You
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Taijin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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25
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Goldfinger LE, Michael JV. Regulation of Ras signaling and function by plasma membrane microdomains. Biosci Trends 2017; 11:23-40. [PMID: 28179601 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Together H-, N- and KRAS mutations are major contributors to ~30% of all human cancers. Thus, Ras inhibition remains an important anti-cancer strategy. The molecular mechanisms of isotypic Ras oncogenesis are still not completely understood. Monopharmacological therapeutics have not been successful in the clinic. These disappointing outcomes have led to attempts to target elements downstream of Ras, mainly targeting either the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) or Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways. While several such approaches are moderately effective, recent efforts have focused on preclinical evaluation of combination therapies to improve efficacies. This review will detail current understanding of the contributions of plasma membrane microdomain targeting of Ras to mitogenic and tumorigenic signaling and tumor progression. Moreover, this review will outline novel approaches to target Ras in cancers, including targeting schemes for new drug development, as well as putative re-purposing of drugs in current use to take advantage of blunting Ras signaling by interfering with Ras plasma membrane microdomain targeting and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence E Goldfinger
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology and The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, and Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center
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26
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Brown S, Tehrani S, Whalen MM. Dibutyltin-induced alterations of interleukin 1beta secretion from human immune cells. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:181-191. [PMID: 27185338 PMCID: PMC5114172 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyltin (DBT) is used to stabilize polyvinyl chloride plastics (including pipes that distribute drinking water) and as a de-worming agent in poultry. DBT is found in human blood, and DBT exposures alter the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma from lymphocytes. Interleukin (IL)-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine that regulates cellular growth, tissue restoration and immune response regulation. IL-1β plays a role in increasing invasiveness of certain tumors. This study reveals that exposures to DBT (24 h, 48 h and 6 days) modify the secretion of IL-1β from increasingly reconstituted preparations of human immune cells (highly enriched human natural killer cells, monocyte-depleted [MD] peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs], PBMCs, granulocytes and a preparation combining both PBMCs and granulocytes). DBT altered IL-1β secretion from all cell preparations. Higher concentrations of DBT (5 and 2.5 μm) decreased the secretion of IL-1β, while lower concentrations of DBT (0.1 and 0.05 μm) increased the secretion of IL-1β. Selected signaling pathways were examined in MD-PBMCs to determine if they play a role in DBT-induced elevations of IL-1β secretion. Pathways examined were IL-1β converting enzyme (caspase 1), mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor kappa B. Caspase 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways appear to be utilized by DBT in increasing IL-1β secretion. These results indicate that DBT alters IL-1β secretion from human immune cells in an ex. vivo system utilizing several IL-1β regulating signaling pathways. Thus, DBT may have the potential to alter IL-1β secretion in an in vivo system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyretha Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shahin Tehrani
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M Whalen
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
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SHIN YK, KIM KY. Ampicillin activates Mpk1 phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeand ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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28
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Bawazeer NA, Choudary H, Zamzami MA, Abdulaal WH, Zeyadi M, ALbukhari A, Middleton B, Moselhy SS. POSSIBLE REGULATION OF LDL-RECEPTOR BY NARINGENIN IN HEPG2 HEPATOMA CELL LINE. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2016; 14:278-287. [PMID: 28480406 PMCID: PMC5411880 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: High plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) plays a significant role in the incidence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases (CHD). Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which citrus flavonoids, naringenin regulate the LDL receptor (LDLr) gene in human liver using the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2 as a model. Results: Time-course transient transfection of HepG2 cells with luciferase reporter-gene constructs incorporating the promoters of SREBP-1a,-1c, -2 and LDLr, revealed that in lipoprotein-deficient medium (LPDM), only SREBP-1a promoter activity was increased significantly after 4h exposure to 200μM naringenin respectively. However, after 24h incubation with 200μM naringenin the gene expression activities of all the SREBP-1a, -1c, -2 and LDLr promoter-constructs were increased significantly. The effects of both 200μM naringenin on elevating LDLr mRNA are possibly due to regulation of gene transcription by SREBP-la and SREBP-2. However, the suppression effect of 200μM naringenin on hepatic SREBP-1c mRNA expression is likely associated with the reduction in mRNA expression of both acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. It was found that, 200μM naringenin was likely to stimulate LDLr gene expression via increase phosphorylation of PI3K and ERK1/2 which enhance the transcription factors SREBP-1a and SREBP-2 mRNA levels and increased their protein maturation in human hepatoma HepG2 cell. Conclusion: Diets supplemented with naringenin could effectively reduce mortality and morbidity from coronary heart diseases and as cardio-protective effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Bawazeer
- Department of Home Economics, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudary
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwag ALbukhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruce Middleton
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Said S Moselhy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Experimental biochemistry unit, & Bioactive natural products research Group (KAU)
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Pellegrini E, Palencia A, Braun L, Kapp U, Bougdour A, Belrhali H, Bowler MW, Hakimi MA. Structural Basis for the Subversion of MAP Kinase Signaling by an Intrinsically Disordered Parasite Secreted Agonist. Structure 2016; 25:16-26. [PMID: 27889209 PMCID: PMC5222587 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The causative agent of toxoplasmosis, the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, delivers a protein, GRA24, into the cells it infects that interacts with the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase p38α (MAPK14), leading to activation and nuclear translocation of the host kinase and a subsequent inflammatory response that controls the progress of the parasite. The purification of a recombinant complex of GRA24 and human p38α has allowed the molecular basis of this activation to be determined. GRA24 is shown to be intrinsically disordered, binding two kinases that act independently, and is the only factor required to bypass the canonical mitogen-activated protein kinase activation pathway. An adapted kinase interaction motif (KIM) forms a highly stable complex that competes with cytoplasmic regulatory partners. In addition, the recombinant complex forms a powerful in vitro tool to evaluate the specificity and effectiveness of p38α inhibitors that have advanced to clinical trials, as it provides a hitherto unavailable stable and highly active form of p38α. Toxoplasmosis controls its host immune response via a protein effector, GRA24 A recombinant complex of GRA24 and MAPK p38α demonstrates how the protein works An adapted KIM domain ensures activation and a sustained inflammatory response The recombinant complex is useful in the evaluation of p38 inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pellegrini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble, France; Unit for Virus Host Cell Interactions, Université Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrés Palencia
- IAB, Team Host-Pathogen Interactions & Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Braun
- IAB, Team Host-Pathogen Interactions & Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Ulrike Kapp
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Bougdour
- IAB, Team Host-Pathogen Interactions & Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Hassan Belrhali
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble, France; Unit for Virus Host Cell Interactions, Université Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble, France.
| | - Matthew W Bowler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble, France; Unit for Virus Host Cell Interactions, Université Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble, France.
| | - Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
- IAB, Team Host-Pathogen Interactions & Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France.
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30
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Ding Y, Tang J, Guo F. Predicting protein-protein interactions via multivariate mutual information of protein sequences. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:398. [PMID: 27677692 PMCID: PMC5039908 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central to a lot of biological processes. Many algorithms and methods have been developed to predict PPIs and protein interaction networks. However, the application of most existing methods is limited since they are difficult to compute and rely on a large number of homologous proteins and interaction marks of protein partners. In this paper, we propose a novel sequence-based approach with multivariate mutual information (MMI) of protein feature representation, for predicting PPIs via Random Forest (RF). Methods Our method constructs a 638-dimentional vector to represent each pair of proteins. First, we cluster twenty standard amino acids into seven function groups and transform protein sequences into encoding sequences. Then, we use a novel multivariate mutual information feature representation scheme, combined with normalized Moreau-Broto Autocorrelation, to extract features from protein sequence information. Finally, we feed the feature vectors into a Random Forest model to distinguish interaction pairs from non-interaction pairs. Results To evaluate the performance of our new method, we conduct several comprehensive tests for predicting PPIs. Experiments show that our method achieves better results than other outstanding methods for sequence-based PPIs prediction. Our method is applied to the S.cerevisiae PPIs dataset, and achieves 95.01 % accuracy and 92.67 % sensitivity repectively. For the H.pylori PPIs dataset, our method achieves 87.59 % accuracy and 86.81 % sensitivity respectively. In addition, we test our method on other three important PPIs networks: the one-core network, the multiple-core network, and the crossover network. Conclusions Compared to the Conjoint Triad method, accuracies of our method are increased by 6.25,2.06 and 18.75 %, respectively. Our proposed method is a useful tool for future proteomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Ding
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijun Tang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Fei Guo
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Shi L, Weng XQ, Sheng Y, Wu J, Ding M, Cai X. Staurosporine enhances ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation in human leukemia U937 cells via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3072-3080. [PMID: 27665842 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is regarded as a prominent example of differentiation therapy, it is not effective for the treatment of other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) beyond acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Therefore, new strategies need to be explored to extend the efficacy of ATRA-based therapy to non-APL AML patients. In the present study, staurosporine, a protein kinase C (PKC) pan-inhibitor, exhibited synergism with ATRA to promote granulocytic differentiation in poorly ATRA-sensitive U937 cells but not in ATRA unresponsive K562 and Kasumi cells. Staurosporine or the combined treatment did not affect PKC activity in U937 cells. Moreover, other selective PKC inhibitors, UCN-01, Go6976 or rottlerin failed to enhance ATRA‑induced granulocytic differentiation in U937 cells. Therefore, staurosporine-enhanced ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation in U937 cells may be independent of PKC. Staurosporine activated mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK). Meanwhile, staurosporine also enhanced ATRA-promoted upregulation of the protein level of CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and C/EBPε in U937 cells. Furthermore, blockade of MEK activation suppressed staurosporine‑enhanced differentiation as well as the elevated protein level of C/EBPs. Taken together, we concluded that staurosporine enhanced ATRA‑induced granulocytic differentiation in U937 cells via MEK/ERK-mediated modulation of the protein level of C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Qin Weng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sheng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xun Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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32
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Rafiee M, Keramati MR, Ayatollahi H, Sadeghian MH, Barzegar M, Asgharzadeh A, Alinejad M. Down-Regulation of Ribosomal S6 kinase RPS6KA6 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:159-64. [PMID: 27540520 PMCID: PMC4988414 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Signaling pathways such as extracellular regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) have increased activity in leukemia. Ribosomal 6 kinase
(RSK4) is a factor downstream of the MAPK/ERK pathway and an important tumor suppressor which inhibits ERK trafficking. Decrease in RSK4 expression has been reported
in some malignancies, which leads to an increase in growth and proliferation and eventually poor prognosis. In this study we measured RSK4 expression rate in acute myeloid
leukemia (AML).
Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was undertaken in 2013-2014 at
Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, on 40 AML patients and 10 non-AML patients as the
control group. The expression rate was measured by real-time polymerase change reaction (PCR) and employing the ΔΔCT method. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney
and Spearman tests using SPSS (version 11.5).
Results Expression rate of RSK4 was significantly decreased in the AML group in comparison with the non-AML group (P<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in
RSK4 expression in AML with t(15;17) in comparison to other translocations (P=0.004).
Conclusion We detected a down-regulation of RSK4 in AML patients. This may lead to
an increase in the activity of the ERK/MPAK pathway and exacerbate leukemogenesis or
the prognosis of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiee
- Hematology Lab, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Keramati
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Ayatollahi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Sadeghian
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohieddin Barzegar
- Hematology Lab, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Asgharzadeh
- Hematology Lab, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Alinejad
- Hematology Lab, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a fundamental role in angiogenesis and endothelial cell biology, and has been the subject of intense study as a result. VEGF acts via a diverse and complex range of signaling pathways, with new targets constantly being discovered. This review attempts to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding VEGF cell signaling in endothelial and cardiovascular biology, with a particular emphasis on its role in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Evans
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK,
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34
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Shahlaei M, Doosti E. Virtual screening based on pharmacophore model followed by docking simulation studies in search of potential inhibitors for p38 map kinase. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:352-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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35
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Brown S, Whalen M. Tributyltin alters secretion of interleukin 1 beta from human immune cells. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:895-908. [PMID: 25382723 PMCID: PMC4424187 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) has been used as a biocide in industrial applications such as wood preservation, antifouling paint and antifungal agents. Owing to its many uses, it contaminates the environment and has been found in human blood samples. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes cell growth, tissue repair and immune response regulation. Produced predominately by both monocytes and macrophages, IL-1β appears to increase the invasiveness of certain tumors. This study shows that TBT modifies the secretion of IL-1β from increasingly reconstituted preparations of human immune cells. IL-1β secretion was examined after 24-, 48-h or 6-day exposures to TBT in highly enriched human natural killer (NK) cells, monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MD-PBMCs), PBMCs, granulocytes and a preparation combining both PBMCs and granulocytes (PBMCs+granulocytes). TBT altered IL-1β secretion from all of the cell preparations. The 200 nM concentration of TBT normally blocked the secretion of IL-1β, whereas lower concentrations (usually 5-50 nM) elevated secretion of IL-1β. Examination of the signaling pathway(s) responsible for the elevated secretion of IL-1β was carried out in MD-PBMCs. Pathways examined were IL-1β processing (Caspase-1), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). Results indicated that MAPK pathways (p44/42 and p38) appear to be the targets of TBT that lead to increased IL-1β secretion from immune cells. These results from human immune cells show IL-1β dysregulation by TBT is occurring ex vivo. Thus, the potential for in vivo effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels may possibly be a consequence of TBT exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyretha Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
| | - Margaret Whalen
- Department Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
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DONG FENGYUN, TIAN HU, YAN SUHUA, LI LIQUN, DONG XIAOFENG, WANG FUHAI, LI JIE, LI CHANGSHENG, CAO ZHIQUN, LIU XIAOCHUN, LIU JU. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits endothelial cell proliferation through the suppression of the ERK signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Cayla M, Rachidi N, Leclercq O, Schmidt-Arras D, Rosenqvist H, Wiese M, Späth GF. Transgenic analysis of the Leishmania MAP kinase MPK10 reveals an auto-inhibitory mechanism crucial for stage-regulated activity and parasite viability. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004347. [PMID: 25232945 PMCID: PMC4169501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protozoan pathogens of the genus Leishmania have evolved unique signaling mechanisms that can sense changes in the host environment and trigger adaptive stage differentiation essential for host cell infection. The signaling mechanisms underlying parasite development remain largely elusive even though Leishmania mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been linked previously to environmentally induced differentiation and virulence. Here, we unravel highly unusual regulatory mechanisms for Leishmania MAP kinase 10 (MPK10). Using a transgenic approach, we demonstrate that MPK10 is stage-specifically regulated, as its kinase activity increases during the promastigote to amastigote conversion. However, unlike canonical MAPKs that are activated by dual phosphorylation of the regulatory TxY motif in the activation loop, MPK10 activation is independent from the phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue, which is largely constitutive. Removal of the last 46 amino acids resulted in significantly enhanced MPK10 activity both for the recombinant and transgenic protein, revealing that MPK10 is regulated by an auto-inhibitory mechanism. Over-expression of this hyperactive mutant in transgenic parasites led to a dominant negative effect causing massive cell death during amastigote differentiation, demonstrating the essential nature of MPK10 auto-inhibition for parasite viability. Moreover, phosphoproteomics analyses identified a novel regulatory phospho-serine residue in the C-terminal auto-inhibitory domain at position 395 that could be implicated in kinase regulation. Finally, we uncovered a feedback loop that limits MPK10 activity through dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue of the TxY motif. Together our data reveal novel aspects of protein kinase regulation in Leishmania, and propose MPK10 as a potential signal sensor of the mammalian host environment, whose intrinsic pre-activated conformation is regulated by auto-inhibition. Leishmaniasis is an important human disease caused by Leishmania parasites. A crucial aspect of Leishmania infectivity is its capacity to sense different environments and adapt for survival inside insect vector and vertebrate host by stage differentiation. This process is triggered by environmental changes encountered in these organisms, including temperature and pH shifts, which usually are sensed and transduced by signaling cascades including protein kinases and their substrates. In this study, we analyzed the regulation of the Leishmania mitogen-activated protein kinase MPK10 using protein purified from transgenic parasites and combining site-directed mutagenesis and activity tests. We demonstrate that this kinase is activated during parasite differentiation and regulated by an atypical mechanism involving auto-inhibition, which is essential for parasite viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Cayla
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Heidi Rosenqvist
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
- Protein Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Wiese
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Gerald F. Späth
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Ataie-Kachoie P, Pourgholami MH, Richardson DR, Morris DL. Gene of the month: Interleukin 6 (IL-6). J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:932-7. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene encodes the classic proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. It is also known as interferon-β2 (IFN-β2), B cell stimulatory factor-2 and hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor. IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine with a central role in many physiological inflammatory and immunological processes. Due to its major role in initiation as well as resolving inflammation, deregulation of IL-6 is a mainstay of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Additionally, IL-6 has been shown to be implicated in pathogenesis of many human malignancies. Thus, a better understanding of IL-6 and its role in various pathological conditions could enable the development of strategies to use it as a therapeutic target. This short review focuses on the structure, regulation and biological activities of IL-6. In addition we discuss the role of IL-6 in diseases with inflammatory background and cancer and also the therapeutic applications of anti-IL-6 agents.
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the main subgroups, the p38 MAP kinases, has been implicated in a wide range of complex biologic processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, cell migration, and invasion. Dysregulation of p38 MAPK levels in patients are associated with advanced stages and short survival in cancer patients (e.g., prostate, breast, bladder, liver, and lung cancer). p38 MAPK plays a dual role as a regulator of cell death, and it can either mediate cell survival or cell death depending not only on the type of stimulus but also in a cell type specific manner. In addition to modulating cell survival, an essential role of p38 MAPK in modulation of cell migration and invasion offers a distinct opportunity to target this pathway with respect to tumor metastasis. The specific function of p38 MAPK appears to depend not only on the cell type but also on the stimuli and/or the isoform that is activated. p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated in response to diverse stimuli and mediates its function by components downstream of p38. Extrapolation of the knowledge gained from laboratory findings is essential to address the clinical significance of p38 MAPK signaling pathways. The goal of this review is to provide an overview on recent progress made in defining the functions of p38 MAPK pathways with respect to solid tumor biology and generate testable hypothesis with respect to the role of p38 MAPK as an attractive target for intervention of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Koul
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Mantu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Lamarca A, Gella A, Martiañez T, Segura M, Figueiro-Silva J, Grijota-Martinez C, Trullas R, Casals N. Uridine 5'-triphosphate promotes in vitro Schwannoma cell migration through matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98998. [PMID: 24905332 PMCID: PMC4048211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cells adopt a migratory phenotype and modify the extracellular matrix to make it permissive for cell migration and axonal re-growth. Uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP) and other nucleotides are released during nerve injury and activate purinergic receptors expressed on the Schwann cell surface, but little is known about the involvement of purine signalling in wound healing. We studied the effect of UTP on Schwannoma cell migration and wound closure and the intracellular signaling pathways involved. We found that UTP treatment induced Schwannoma cell migration through activation of P2Y2 receptors and through the increase of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activation and expression. Knockdown P2Y2 receptor or MMP-2 expression greatly reduced wound closure and MMP-2 activation induced by UTP. MMP-2 activation evoked by injury or UTP was also mediated by phosphorylation of all 3 major mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): JNK, ERK1/2, and p38. Inhibition of these MAPK pathways decreased both MMP-2 activation and cell migration. Interestingly, MAPK phosphorylation evoked by UTP exhibited a biphasic pattern, with an early transient phosphorylation 5 min after treatment, and a late and sustained phosphorylation that appeared at 6 h and lasted up to 24 h. Inhibition of MMP-2 activity selectively blocked the late, but not the transient, phase of MAPK activation. These results suggest that MMP-2 activation and late MAPK phosphorylation are part of a positive feedback mechanism to maintain the migratory phenotype for wound healing. In conclusion, our findings show that treatment with UTP stimulates in vitro Schwannoma cell migration and wound repair through a MMP-2-dependent mechanism via P2Y2 receptors and MAPK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloa Lamarca
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gella
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Tania Martiañez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mònica Segura
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joana Figueiro-Silva
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d′Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d′Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Grijota-Martinez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ramón Trullas
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d′Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d′Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Ahmed N, Iu J, Brown CE, Taylor DW, Kandel RA. Serum- and growth-factor-free three-dimensional culture system supports cartilage tissue formation by promoting collagen synthesis via Sox9-Col2a1 interaction. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2224-33. [PMID: 24606204 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the factors preventing clinical application of regenerative medicine to degenerative cartilage diseases is a suitable source of cells. Chondrocytes, the only cell type of cartilage, grown in vitro under culture conditions to expand cell numbers lose their phenotype along with the ability to generate hyaline cartilaginous tissue. In this study we determine that a serum- and growth-factor-free three-dimensional (3D) culture system restores the ability of the passaged chondrocytes to form cartilage tissue in vitro, a process that involves sox9. METHODS Bovine articular chondrocytes were passaged twice to allow for cell number expansion (P2) and cultured at high density on 3D collagen-type-II-coated membranes in high glucose content media supplemented with insulin and dexamethasone (SF3D). The cells were characterized after monolayer expansion and following 3D culture by flow cytometry, gene expression, and histology. The early changes in signaling transduction pathways during redifferentiation were characterized. RESULTS The P2 cells showed a progenitor-like antigen profile of 99% CD44(+) and 40% CD105(+) and a gene expression profile suggestive of interzone cells. P2 in SF3D expressed chondrogenic genes and accumulated extracellular matrix. Downregulating insulin receptor (IR) with HNMPA-(AM3) or the PI-3/AKT kinase pathway (activated by insulin treatment) with Wortmannin inhibited collagen synthesis. HNMPA-(AM3) reduced expression of Col2, Col11, and IR genes as well as Sox6 and -9. Co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses of HNMPA-(AM3)-treated cells showed binding of the coactivators Sox6 and Med12 with Sox9 but reduced Sox9-Col2a1 binding. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel culture method that allows for increase in the number of chondrocytes and promotes hyaline-like cartilage tissue formation in part by insulin-mediated Sox9-Col2a1 binding. The suitability of the tissue generated via this approach for use in joint repair needs to be examined in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Ahmed
- 1 CIHR-BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
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BRAF mutations in human cancer: biologic and therapeutic implications. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lee CJ, Lee MH, Lee JY, Song JH, Lee HS, Cho YY. RSK2-induced stress tolerance enhances cell survival signals mediated by inhibition of GSK3β activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:112-8. [PMID: 24055036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that RSK2 plays a key role in cell proliferation and transformation induced by tumor promoters such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) in mouse and human skin cells. However, no direct evidence has been found regarding the relationship of RSK2 and cell survival. In this study, we found that RSK2 interacted and phosphorylated GSK3β at Ser9. Notably, GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9 was suppressed in RSK2(-/-) MEFs compared with RSK2(+/+) MEFs by stimulation of EGF and calcium ionophore A23187, a cellular calcium stressor. In proliferation, we found that RSK2 deficiency suppressed cell proliferation compared with RSK2(+/+) MEFs. In contrast, GSK3β(-/-) MEFs induced the cell proliferation compared with GSK3β(+/+) MEFs. Importantly, RSK2(-/-) MEFs were induced severe cellular morphology change by A23187 and enhanced G1/G0 and sub-G1 accumulation of the cell cycle phase compared with RSK2(+/+) MEFs. The sub-G1 induction in RSK2(-/-) MEFs by A23187 was correlated with increase of cytochrome c release, caspase-3 cleavage and apoptotic DNA fragmentation compared with RSK2(+/+) MEFs. Notably, return back of RSK2 into RSK2(-/-) MEFs restored A23187-induced morphological change, and decreased apoptosis, apoptotic DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 induction compared with RSK2(-/-)/mock MEFs. Taken together, our results demonstrated that RSK2 plays an important role in stress-tolerance and cell survival, resulting in cell proliferation and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Jung Lee
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciencies, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
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Métrailler S, Emery M, Schorderet DF, Cottet S, Roduit R. ERK1/2 pathway is activated in degenerated Rpe65-deficient mice. Exp Eye Res 2013; 116:86-95. [PMID: 24012986 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The MAPK family is composed of three majors kinases, JNK, p38 and ERK1/2, and is implicated in many degenerative processes, including retinal cell death. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the activation of ERK1/2 kinase, and its potential role in Müller cell gliosis, during photoreceptor cell death in Rpe65(-/-) mice. We assayed ERK1/2 mRNA and protein levels, and evaluated ERK1/2 phosphorylation involved in kinase activation, in 2, 4 and 6 month-old Rpe65(-/-) mice and in age-matched wild-type controls. No differences in ERK1/2 expression were detected between Rpe65(-/-) and wild-type mice, however, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was dramatically increased in the knock out mice at 4 and 6 months-of-age. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 co-localized with GFAP in the ganglion cell layer, and correlated with an increase in GFAP protein expression and retinal cell death. Accumulation of cFOS protein in the ganglion cell layer occurred concomitant with pERK1/2 activation. Müller cell proliferation was not observed. ERK1/2 activation did not occur in 2 month-old Rpe65(-/-) or in the Rpe65(-/-)/Gnat1(-/-) mice, in which no degeneration was evident. The observed activation ERK1/2 and GFAP, both markers of Müller cell gliosis, in the absence of Müller cell proliferation, is consistent with the activation of atypical gliosis occurring during the slow process of degeneration in Rpe65(-/-) mice. As Müller cell gliosis is activated in many neuronal and retinal degenerative diseases, further studies will be needed to determine whether atypical gliosis in Rpe65(-/-) mice contributes to, or protects against, the pathogenesis occurring in this model of Leber congenital amaurosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Métrailler
- IRO, Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
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Lu C, Deng J, Li L, Wang D, Li G. Application of metabolomics on diagnosis and treatment of patients with psoriasis in traditional Chinese medicine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1844:280-8. [PMID: 23747921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the oldest forms of medical system. With syndrome as the core of diagnosis and therapy in TCM, it has the advantage of collecting macroscopic information of patients for diagnosis. To understand the in vivo mechanism of TCM, a metabolomics approach was used to investigate the global biological characterization of the urine of psoriasis patients with Blood Stasis Syndrome and the therapeutic metabolomics mechanism of the Optimized Yinxieling formula. A total of 41 cases of psoriasis patients with Blood Stasis Syndrome and 19 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Fasting urine samples from patients with consecutive Optimized Yinxieling intake after 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks and from healthy volunteers were analyzed by Orthogonal Projection on Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), which was utilized for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis and temporal metabolic changes identification. For psoriasis group, the scores of PASI of patients decreased after 12 weeks of Optimized Yinxieling treating. The metabolic variations visualized not only in the healthy group and psoriasis group, but also in the psoriasis group before and after Optimized Yinxieling treatment, demonstrated that the metabolic characteristics of the two groups were significantly different. The optimized complex structure of the target proteins from Protein Data Bank was analyzed by software package Discovery Studio. With docking score of original inhibitor and the receptor as the threshold values, two compounds from Chinese medicinal chemical database were predicted to have good interactions with the target proteins. The Metabolomics technique combining molecular docking analysis enhanced our current understanding of the metabolic response to Blood Stasis Syndrome of Psoriasis and the action mechanism of Optimized Yinxieling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Computational Proteomics, Systems Biology & Clinical Implications. Guest Editor: Yudong Cai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjian Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Guangzhou 510120, China.
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AP1 transcription factors in epidermal differentiation and skin cancer. J Skin Cancer 2013; 2013:537028. [PMID: 23762562 PMCID: PMC3676924 DOI: 10.1155/2013/537028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AP1 (jun/fos) transcription factors (c-jun, junB, junD, c-fos, FosB, Fra-1, and Fra-2) are key regulators of epidermal keratinocyte survival and differentiation and important drivers of cancer development. Understanding the role of these factors in epidermis is complicated by the fact that each protein is expressed, at different levels, in multiple cells layers in differentiating epidermis, and because AP1 transcription factors regulate competing processes (i.e., proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation). Various in vivo genetic approaches have been used to study these proteins including targeted and conditional knockdown, overexpression, and expression of dominant-negative inactivating AP1 transcription factors in epidermis. Taken together, these studies suggest that individual AP1 transcription factors have different functions in the epidermis and in cancer development and that altering AP1 transcription factor function in the basal versus suprabasal layers differentially influences the epidermal differentiation response and disease and cancer development.
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Solinski HJ, Petermann F, Rothe K, Boekhoff I, Gudermann T, Breit A. Human Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors-X1 induce chemokine receptor 2 expression in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons and release of chemokine ligand 2 from the human LAD-2 mast cell line. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58756. [PMID: 23505557 PMCID: PMC3591377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primate-specific Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors-X1 (MRGPR-X1) are highly enriched in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and induce acute pain. Herein, we analyzed effects of MRGPR-X1 on serum response factors (SRF) or nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT), which control expression of various markers of chronic pain. Using HEK293, DRG neuron-derived F11 cells and cultured rat DRG neurons recombinantly expressing human MRGPR-X1, we found activation of a SRF reporter gene construct and induction of the early growth response protein-1 via extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 known to play a significant role in the development of inflammatory pain. Furthermore, we observed MRGPR-X1-induced up-regulation of the chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) via NFAT, which is considered as a key event in the onset of neuropathic pain and, so far, has not yet been described for any endogenous neuropeptide. Up-regulation of CCR2 is often associated with increased release of its endogenous agonist chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). We also found MRGPR-X1-promoted release of CCL2 in a human connective tissue mast cell line endogenously expressing MRGPR-X1. Thus, we provide first evidence to suggest that MRGPR-X1 induce expression of chronic pain markers in DRG neurons and propose a so far unidentified signaling circuit that enhances chemokine signaling by acting on two distinct yet functionally co-operating cell types. Given the important role of chemokine signaling in pain chronification, we propose that interruption of this signaling circuit might be a promising new strategy to alleviate chemokine-promoted pain.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genes, fos
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Ternary Complex Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jürgen Solinski
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Petermann
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rothe
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Boekhoff
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Breit
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Hertzer KM, Donald GW, Hines OJ. CXCR2: a target for pancreatic cancer treatment? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:667-80. [PMID: 23425074 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.772137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer, a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, is very aggressive and has minimally effective treatment options. For those who have no surgical options, medical treatments are limited. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 has become the subject of much interest recently because of multiple studies indicating its involvement in cancer and inflammatory conditions. Research now indicates that CXCR2 and its ligands are intimately involved in tumor regulation and growth and that inhibition of its function shows promising results in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. AREAS COVERED In this study, the authors review basic molecular and structural details of CXCR2, as well as the known functions of CXCR2 and several of its ligands in inflammation and cancer biology with specific attention to pancreatic cancer. Then the future possibilities and questions remaining for pharmacological intervention against CXCR2 in pancreatic cancer are explored. EXPERT OPINION Many current inhibitory strategies already exist for targeting CXCR2 in vitro as well as in vivo. Clinically speaking, CXCR2 is an exciting potential target for pancreatic cancer; however, CXCR2 is functionally important for multiple processes and therapeutic options would benefit from further work toward understanding of these roles as well as structural and target specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Hertzer
- Hirshberg Translational Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Surgery , 675 Charles E Young Drive, MRL 2535, Los Angeles, CA 90095 , USA
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Philippou A, Armakolas A, Koutsilieris M. Evidence for the Possible Biological Significance of the igf-1 Gene Alternative Splicing in Prostate Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:31. [PMID: 23519101 PMCID: PMC3602724 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa), since it plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The IGF-I actions are mediated mainly via its binding to the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR), however IGF-I signaling via insulin receptor (IR) and hybrid IGF-I/IR is also evident. Different IGF-I mRNA splice variants, namely IGF-IEa, IGF-IEb, and IGF-IEc, are expressed in human cells and tissues. These transcripts encode several IGF-I precursor proteins which contain the same bioactive product (mature IGF-I), however, they differ by the length of their signal peptides on the amino-terminal end and the structure of the extension peptides (E-peptides) on the carboxy-terminal end. There is an increasing interest in the possible different role of the IGF-I transcripts and their respective non-(mature)IGF-I products in the regulation of distinct biological activities. Moreover, there is strong evidence of a differential expression profile of the IGF-I splice variants in normal versus PCa tissues and PCa cells, implying that the expression pattern of the various IGF-I transcripts and their respective protein products may possess different functions in cancer biology. Herein, the evidence that the IGF-IEc transcript regulates PCa growth via Ec peptide specific and IGF-IR/IR-independent signaling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Anastassios Philippou and Michael Koutsilieris, Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, Goudi, Athens 115 27, Greece. e-mail: ;
| | - Athanasios Armakolas
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Anastassios Philippou and Michael Koutsilieris, Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, Goudi, Athens 115 27, Greece. e-mail: ;
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Bashamboo A, McElreavey K. Gene Mutations Associated with Anomalies of Human Gonad Formation. Sex Dev 2013; 7:126-46. [DOI: 10.1159/000342188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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