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Ren P, Tong X, Li J, Jiang H, Liu S, Li X, Lai M, Yang W, Rong Y, Zhang Y, Jin J, Ma Y, Pan W, Fan HY, Zhang S, Zhang YL. CRL4 DCAF13 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets MeCP2 for degradation to prevent DNA hypermethylation and ensure normal transcription in growing oocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:165. [PMID: 38578457 PMCID: PMC10997554 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The DNA methylation is gradually acquired during oogenesis, a process sustained by successful follicle development. However, the functional roles of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), an epigenetic regulator displaying specifical binding with methylated DNA, remains unknown in oogenesis. In this study, we found MeCP2 protein was highly expressed in primordial and primary follicle, but was almost undetectable in secondary follicles. However, in aged ovary, MeCP2 protein is significantly increased in both oocyte and granulosa cells. Overexpression of MeCP2 in growing oocyte caused transcription dysregulation, DNA hypermethylation, and genome instability, ultimately leading to follicle growth arrest and apoptosis. MeCP2 is targeted by DCAF13, a substrate recognition adaptor of the Cullin 4-RING (CRL4) E3 ligase, and polyubiquitinated for degradation in both cells and oocytes. Dcaf13-null oocyte exhibited an accumulation of MeCP2 protein, and the partial rescue of follicle growth arrest induced by Dcaf13 deletion was observed following MeCP2 knockdown. The RNA-seq results revealed that large amounts of genes were regulated by the DCAF13-MeCP2 axis in growing oocytes. Our study demonstrated that CRL4DCAF13 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets MeCP2 for degradation to ensure normal DNA methylome and transcription in growing oocytes. Moreover, in aged ovarian follicles, deceased DCAF13 and DDB1 protein were observed, indicating a potential novel mechanism that regulates ovary aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Ren
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjian Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siya Liu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengru Lai
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Rong
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Jin
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yerong Ma
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yin-Li Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Aponte PM, Gutierrez-Reinoso MA, Garcia-Herreros M. Bridging the Gap: Animal Models in Next-Generation Reproductive Technologies for Male Fertility Preservation. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 38276265 PMCID: PMC10820126 DOI: 10.3390/life14010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to explore advanced reproductive technologies for male fertility preservation, underscoring the essential role that animal models have played in shaping these techniques through historical contexts and into modern applications. Rising infertility concerns have become more prevalent in human populations recently. The surge in male fertility issues has prompted advanced reproductive technologies, with animal models playing a pivotal role in their evolution. Historically, animal models have aided our understanding in the field, from early reproductive basic research to developing techniques like artificial insemination, multiple ovulation, and in vitro fertilization. The contemporary landscape of male fertility preservation encompasses techniques such as sperm cryopreservation, testicular sperm extraction, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, among others. The relevance of animal models will undoubtedly bridge the gap between traditional methods and revolutionary next-generation reproductive techniques, fortifying our collective efforts in enhancing male fertility preservation strategies. While we possess extensive knowledge about spermatogenesis and its regulation, largely thanks to insights from animal models that paved the way for human infertility treatments, a pressing need remains to further understand specific infertility issues unique to humans. The primary aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of how animal models have influenced the development and refinement of advanced reproductive technologies for male fertility preservation, and to assess their future potential in bridging the gap between current practices and cutting-edge fertility techniques, particularly in addressing unique human male factor infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Aponte
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170901, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina “One-Health”, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Campus Cumbayá, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Miguel A. Gutierrez-Reinoso
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), Latacunga 050150, Ecuador;
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Manuel Garcia-Herreros
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), 2005-048 Santarém, Portugal
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3
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Arkoun B, Moison P, Guerquin MJ, Messiaen S, Moison D, Tourpin S, Monville C, Livera G. Sorting and Manipulation of Human PGC-LC Using PDPN and Hanging Drop Cultures. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233832. [PMID: 36497094 PMCID: PMC9736549 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of oocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was proven efficient with mouse cells. However, no human iPSCs have yet been reported to generate cells able to complete oogenesis. Additionally, efficient sorting of human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells (hPGC-LCs) without genomic integration of fluorescent reporter for their downstream manipulation is still lacking. Here, we aimed to develop a model that allows human germ cell differentiation in vitro in order to study the developing human germline. The hPGC-LCs specified from two iPS cell lines were sorted and manipulated using the PDPN surface marker without genetic modification. hPGC-LCs obtained remain arrested at early stages of maturation and no further differentiation nor meiotic onset occurred when these were cultured with human or mouse fetal ovarian somatic cells. However, when cultured independently of somatic ovarian cells, using BMP4 and the hanging drop-transferred EBs system, early hPGC-LCs further differentiate efficiently and express late PGC (DDX4) and meiotic gene markers, although no SYCP3 protein was detected. Altogether, we characterized a tool to sort hPGC-LCs and an efficient in vitro differentiation system to obtain pre-meiotic germ cell-like cells without using a gonadal niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Moison
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Justine Guerquin
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sébastien Messiaen
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Delphine Moison
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sophie Tourpin
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Monville
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- Paris-Saclay Evry, U861, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-46-54-99-12
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4
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Mizuta K, Katou Y, Nakakita B, Kishine A, Nosaka Y, Saito S, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Kawamoto I, Nakaya M, Tsukiyama T, Nagano M, Kojima Y, Nakamura T, Yabuta Y, Horie A, Mandai M, Ohta H, Saitou M. Ex vivo reconstitution of fetal oocyte development in humans and cynomolgus monkeys. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110815. [PMID: 35912849 PMCID: PMC9475534 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro oogenesis is key to elucidating the mechanism of human female germ-cell development and its anomalies. Accordingly, pluripotent stem cells have been induced into primordial germ cell-like cells and into oogonia with epigenetic reprogramming, yet further reconstitutions remain a challenge. Here, we demonstrate ex vivo reconstitution of fetal oocyte development in both humans and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). With an optimized culture of fetal ovary reaggregates over three months, human and monkey oogonia enter and complete the first meiotic prophase to differentiate into diplotene oocytes that form primordial follicles, the source for oogenesis in adults. The cytological and transcriptomic progressions of fetal oocyte development in vitro closely recapitulate those in vivo. A comparison of single-cell transcriptomes among humans, monkeys, and mice unravels primate-specific and conserved programs driving fetal oocyte development, the former including a distinct transcriptomic transformation upon oogonia-to-oocyte transition and the latter including two active X chromosomes with little X-chromosome upregulation. Our study provides a critical step forward for realizing human in vitro oogenesis and uncovers salient characteristics of fetal oocyte development in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Mizuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Katou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Baku Nakakita
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aoi Kishine
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nosaka
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saki Saito
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawamoto
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakaya
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagano
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoji Kojima
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yabuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihito Horie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Zhang M, Tian Y, Zhang S, Yan H, Ge W, Han B, Yan Z, Cheng S, Shen W. The proliferation role of LH on porcine primordial germ cell-like cells (pPGCLCs) through ceRNA network construction. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e560. [PMID: 34709759 PMCID: PMC8516341 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transdifferentiation of skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) is one of the major breakthroughs in the field of stem cells research in recent years. This technology provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of human infertility. However, the transdifferentiation efficiency of SDSCs to PGCLCs is very low, and scientists are still exploring ways to improve this efficiency or promote the proliferation of PGCLCs. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of luteinising hormone (LH) to enhance porcine PGCLCs (pPGCLCs) proliferation. RESULTS In this study, we dissected the proliferation regulatory network of pPGCLCs by whole transcriptome sequencing, and the results showed that the pituitary-secreted reproductive hormone LH significantly promoted the proliferation of pPGCLCs. We combined whole transcriptome sequencing and related validation experiments to explore the mechanism of LH on the proliferation of pPGCLCs, and found that LH could affect the expression of Hippo signalling pathway-related mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs in pPGCLCs. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we found that LH promotes pPGCLCs proliferation through the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks and Hippo signalling pathway. This finding may help to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which LH promotes pPGCLCs proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of ShandongQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of ShandongQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Shu‐Er Zhang
- Animal Husbandry General Station of Shandong ProvinceJinanChina
| | - Hong‐Chen Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of ShandongQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of ShandongQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Bao‐Quan Han
- Urology DepartmentPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Zi‐Hui Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of ShandongQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Shun‐Feng Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of ShandongQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of ShandongQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
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6
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In vitro reconstitution of the whole male germ-cell development from mouse pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2167-2179.e9. [PMID: 34496297 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian male germ-cell development consists of three distinct phases: primordial germ cell (PGC) development, male germ-cell specification for spermatogonium development, and ensuing spermatogenesis. Here, we show an in vitro reconstitution of whole male germ-cell development by pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are induced into PGC-like cells (mPGCLCs), which are expanded for epigenetic reprogramming. In reconstituted testes under an optimized condition, such mPGCLCs differentiate into spermatogonium-like cells with proper developmental transitions, gene expression, and cell-cycle dynamics and are expanded robustly as germline stem cell-like cells (GSCLCs) with an appropriate androgenetic epigenome. Importantly, GSCLCs show vigorous spermatogenesis, not only upon transplantation into testes in vivo but also under an in vitro culture of testis transplants, and the resultant spermatids contribute to fertile offspring. By uniting faithful recapitulations of the three phases of male germ-cell development, our study creates a paradigm for the in vitro male gametogenesis by PSCs.
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7
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Tanaka K, Hayashi Y, Takehara A, Ito-Matsuoka Y, Tachibana M, Yaegashi N, Matsui Y. Abnormal early folliculogenesis due to impeded pyruvate metabolism in mouse oocytes†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:64-75. [PMID: 33824958 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal ovarian germ cells show characteristic energy metabolism status, such as enhanced mitochondrial metabolism as well as glycolysis, but their roles in early folliculogenesis are unclear. We show here that inhibition of pyruvate uptake to mitochondria by UK5099 in organ cultures of fetal mouse ovaries resulted in repressed early folliculogenesis without affecting energy production, survival of oocytes, or meiosis. In addition, the abnormal folliculogenesis by UK5099 was partially rescued by α-ketoglutarate and succinate, intermediate metabolites in the TCA cycle, suggesting the importance of those metabolites. The expression of TGFβ-related genes Gdf9 and Bmp15 in ovarian germ cells, which are crucial for folliculogenesis, was downregulated by UK5099, and the addition of recombinant GDF9 partially rescued the abnormal folliculogenesis induced by UK5099. We also found that early folliculogenesis was similarly repressed, as in the culture, in the ovaries of a germ cell-specific knockout of Mpc2, which encodes a mitochondria pyruvate carrier that is targeted by UK5099. These results suggest that insufficient Gdf9 expression induced by abnormal pyruvate metabolism in oocytes results in early follicular dysgenesis, which is a possible cause of defective folliculogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Asuka Takehara
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito-Matsuoka
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahito Tachibana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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8
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Advances in Female Germ Cell Induction from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8849230. [PMID: 33510796 PMCID: PMC7822693 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8849230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells are capable of maintaining species continuity through passing genetic and epigenetic information across generations. Female germ cells mainly develop during the embryonic stage and pass through subsequent developmental stages including primordial germ cells, oogonia, and oocyte. However, due to the limitation of using early human embryos as in vivo research model, in vitro research models are needed to reveal the early developmental process and related mechanisms of female germ cells. After birth, the number of follicles gradually decreases with age. Various conditions which damage ovarian functions would cause premature ovarian failure. Alternative treatments to solve these problems need to be investigated. Germ cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells in vitro can simulate early embryonic development of female germ cells and clarify unresolved issues during the development process. In addition, pluripotent stem cells could potentially provide promising applications for female fertility preservation after proper in vitro differentiation. Mouse female germ cells have been successfully reconstructed in vitro and delivered to live offspring. However, the derivation of functional human female germ cells has not been fully achieved due to technical limitations and ethical issues. To provide an updated and comprehensive information, this review centers on the major studies on the differentiation of mouse and human female germ cells from pluripotent stem cells and provides references to further studies of developmental mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications of female germ cells.
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9
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Hayashi Y, Mori M, Igarashi K, Tanaka K, Takehara A, Ito-Matsuoka Y, Kanai A, Yaegashi N, Soga T, Matsui Y. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses uncover sex-specific regulatory pathways in mouse fetal germline differentiation†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:717-735. [PMID: 32627815 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory mechanisms of germline differentiation have generally been explained via the function of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulation; however, little is known regarding proteomic and metabolomic regulation and their contribution to germ cell development. Here, we conducted integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses of fetal germ cells in mice on embryonic day (E)13.5 and E18.5 and demonstrate sex- and developmental stage-dependent changes in these processes. In male germ cells, RNA processing, translation, oxidative phosphorylation, and nucleotide synthesis are dominant in E13.5 and then decline until E18.5, which corresponds to the prolonged cell division and more enhanced hyper-transcription/translation in male primordial germ cells and their subsequent repression. Tricarboxylic acid cycle and one-carbon pathway are consistently upregulated in fetal male germ cells, suggesting their involvement in epigenetic changes preceding in males. Increased protein stability and oxidative phosphorylation during female germ cell differentiation suggests an upregulation of aerobic energy metabolism, which likely contributes to the proteostasis required for oocyte maturation in subsequent stages. The features elucidated in this study shed light on the unrevealed mechanisms of germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Laboratory of Germ Cell Development, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masaru Mori
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kaori Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Asuka Takehara
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito-Matsuoka
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akio Kanai
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Laboratory of Germ Cell Development, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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10
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Malik HN, Singhal DK, Saini S, Malakar D. Derivation of oocyte-like cells from putative embryonic stem cells and parthenogenetically activated into blastocysts in goat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10086. [PMID: 32572061 PMCID: PMC7308273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Germ cells are responsible for the propagation of live animals from generation to generation, but to surprise, a steep increase in infertile problems among livestock poses great threat for economic development of human race. An alternative and robust approach is essential to combat these ailments. Here, we demonstrate that goat putative embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were successfully in vitro differentiated into primordial germ cells and oocyte-like cells using bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and trans-retinoic acid (RA). Oocyte-like cells having distinct zonapellucida recruited adjacent somatic cells in differentiating culture to form cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). The putative COCs were found to express the zonapellucida specific (ZP1 and ZP2) and oocyte-specific markers. Primordial germ cell-specific markers VASA, DAZL, STELLA, and PUM1 were detected at protein and mRNA level. In addition to that, the surface architecture of these putative COCs was thoroughly visualized by the scanning electron microscope. The putative COCs were further parthenogenetically activated to develop into healthy morula, blastocysts and hatched blastocyst stage like embryos. Our findings may contribute to the fundamental understanding of mammalian germ cell biology and may provide clinical insights regarding infertility ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hruda Nanda Malik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 32001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Singhal
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 32001, India
| | - Sikander Saini
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 32001, India
| | - Dhruba Malakar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 32001, India.
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11
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Amini Mahabadi J, Karimian M, Aghighi F, Enderami SE, Seyyed Hosseini E, Talaei SA, Gheibi Hayat SM, Nikzad H. Retinoic acid and 17β-estradiol improve male germ cell differentiation from mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13466. [PMID: 31736115 DOI: 10.1111/and.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the impacts of retinoic acid (RA)/17β-estradiol (E) induction and embryoid body formation to enhance differentiation of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) into male germ cells in vitro. Flow cytometry and qPCR were conducted to describe miPSCs differentiation process. Various temporal expression profiles of germ cell-related genes were traced. Stra8 gene expression increased in the RA group on the 4th day compared to other groups. The RA group experienced a more significant increase than E group. The expression of Sycp3 increased in RA + E group on 4th day compared with other groups. Expression of AKAP3 enhanced in the RA + E group than other groups on day 4. Moreover, miPSCs showed that this gene expression in the RA + E group was increased in comparison to RA and E groups on day 7. AKAP3 gene expression on day 7 of miPSCs decreased in RA and E groups. Flow cytometry data indicated that 3%-8% of the cells in sub-G1 stage were haploid after RA and E induction compared to other groups on day 4. This study showed that miPSCs possess the power for differentiating into male germ cells in vitro via formation of embryoid body by RA with/or E induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aghighi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Sayyed Alireza Talaei
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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12
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Choi JK, He X. A Simple and Fast Method for Derivation of blastocyst-like cell aggregates (BLCAs) from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2019; 8:1004-1009. [PMID: 30906649 DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2018.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study of blastocyst differentiation from stem cells is still at its stage of infancy. In this study, a simple and efficient method was developed to derive blastocyst-like cell aggregates (BLCAs) from murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). This was achieved by culturing the mESCs in non-adherent dishes.0020BLCAs (13±2 per million mESCs) were obtained in only 5 days and they were found to express the protein and gene markers of trophoblasts. Furthermore, the BLCAs showed the normal trophoblasts' capability of penetrating the uterine wall after being transferred into pseudo-pregnant mice, indicating the trophoblast-like functionality of the derived BLCAs. Collectively, we successfully developed a simple and fast 3D suspension culture approach to differentiate mESCs into BLCAs, which may provide important clues into the development of early embryos and stem cells. This may also offer a simple and efficient approach to isolate trophoblast cells for studying the native microenvironment of pluripotent stem cells without the need to sacrifice animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kyu Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, CHA University, Bundang, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute of Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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13
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Fang F, Li Z, Zhao Q, Li H, Xiong C. Human induced pluripotent stem cells and male infertility: an overview of current progress and perspectives. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:188-195. [PMID: 29315416 PMCID: PMC5850345 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant progress has been made in ART for the treatment of male infertility. However, current ART has failed to help infertile patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, unless donor sperm is used. In fact, most couples wish to have their own genetically related child. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be generated from patients’ somatic cells and in vitro derivation of functional germ cells from patient-specific iPSCs may provide new therapeutic strategies for infertile couples. The overall developmental dynamics of human primordial germ cells are similar to that in mice, but accumulating evidence suggests that there are crucial differences between human and mouse PGC specification. Unlike mouse iPSCs (miPSCs) in naive state, hiPSCs exhibit a primed pluripotency which possess less potential for the germ cell fate. Based on research in mice, male germ cells at different stages have been derived from hiPSCs with different protocols, including spontaneous differentiation, overexpression of germ cell regulators, addition of cytokines, co-culture with gonadal cells in vitro and xeno-transplantation. The aim of this review is to summarize the current advances in derivation of male germ cells from hiPSCs and raise the perspectives of hiPSCs in medical application for male infertility, as well as in basic research for male germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zili Li
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China
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14
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Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursors of gametes, are the only cells capable of acquiring totipotency upon fertilization, but the molecular mechanisms regulating germ cell characteristics have not been fully elucidated. Although intracellular metabolic status and regulation are responsible for the control of cell function and differentiation, little is known about the metabolic features of PGCs. Here, we describe use of an integrated metabolomic, proteomic, and energy metabolic analysis method to comprehensively elucidate the metabolic characteristics of PGCs using mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan.
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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15
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Identification of KLF9 and BCL3 as transcription factors that enhance reprogramming of primordial germ cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205004. [PMID: 30286177 PMCID: PMC6171932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of eggs and sperm. Although PGCs are unipotent cells in vivo, they are reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), also known as embryonic germ cells (EGCs), in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in vitro. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for their reprogramming are not fully understood. Here we show identification of transcription factors that mediate PGC reprogramming. We selected genes encoding transcription factors or epigenetic regulatory factors whose expression was significantly different between PGCs and PSCs with in silico analysis and RT-qPCR. Among the candidate genes, over-expression (OE) of Bcl3 or Klf9 significantly enhanced PGC reprogramming. Notably, EGC formation was stimulated by Klf9-OE even without bFGF. G-protein-coupled receptor signaling-related pathways, which are involved in PGC reprogramming, were enriched among genes down-regulated by Klf9-OE, and forskolin which activate adenylate cyclase, rescued repressed EGC formation by knock-down of Klf9, suggesting a molecular linkage between KLF9 and such signaling.
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16
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Araújo JADM, Hilscher MM, Marques-Coelho D, Golbert DCF, Cornelio DA, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR, Leão RN, Costa MR. Direct Reprogramming of Adult Human Somatic Stem Cells Into Functional Neurons Using Sox2, Ascl1, and Neurog2. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:155. [PMID: 29937717 PMCID: PMC6003093 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) or directly into cells from a different lineage, including neurons, has revolutionized research in regenerative medicine in recent years. Mesenchymal stem cells are good candidates for lineage reprogramming and autologous transplantation, since they can be easily isolated from accessible sources in adult humans, such as bone marrow and dental tissues. Here, we demonstrate that expression of the transcription factors (TFs) SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2), Mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1), or Neurogenin 2 (Neurog2) is sufficient for reprogramming human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC) into induced neurons (iNs). Furthermore, the combination of Sox2/Ascl1 or Sox2/Neurog2 is sufficient to reprogram up to 50% of transfected hUCMSCs into iNs showing electrical properties of mature neurons and establishing synaptic contacts with co-culture primary neurons. Finally, we show evidence supporting the notion that different combinations of TFs (Sox2/Ascl1 and Sox2/Neurog2) may induce multiple and overlapping neuronal phenotypes in lineage-reprogrammed iNs, suggesting that neuronal fate is determined by a combination of signals involving the TFs used for reprogramming but also the internal state of the converted cell. Altogether, the data presented here contribute to the advancement of techniques aiming at obtaining specific neuronal phenotypes from lineage-converted human somatic cells to treat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus M Hilscher
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Diego Marques-Coelho
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Daiane C F Golbert
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Deborah A Cornelio
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Silvia R Batistuzzo de Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Richardson N Leão
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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17
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Mahabadi JA, Sabzalipour H, Bafrani HH, Gheibi Hayat SM, Nikzad H. Application of induced pluripotent stem cell and embryonic stem cell technology to the study of male infertility. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8441-8449. [PMID: 29870061 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are classes of undifferentiated biological cells existing only at the embryonic, fetal, and adult stages that can divide to produce specialized cell types during fetal development and remain in our bodies throughout life. The progression of regenerative and reproductive medicine owes the advancement of respective in vitro and in vivo biological science on the stem cell nature under appropriate conditions. The SCs are promising therapeutic tools to treat currently of infertility because of wide sources and high potency to differentiate. Nevertheless, no effective remedies are available to deal with severe infertility due to congenital or gonadotoxic stem cell deficiency in prepubertal childhood. Some recent solutions have been developed to address the severe fertility problems, including in vitro formation of germ cells from stem cells, induction of pluripotency from somatic cells, and production of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. There is a possibility of fertility restoration using the in vitro formation of germ cells from somatic cells. Accordingly, the present review aimed at studying the literature published on the medical application of stem cells in reproductive concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Sabzalipour
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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18
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Amini Mahabadi J, Sabzalipoor H, Kehtari M, Enderami SE, Soleimani M, Nikzad H. Derivation of male germ cells from induced pluripotent stem cells by inducers: A review. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:279-290. [PMID: 29397308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) refer to stem cells that are artificially produced using a new technology known as cellular reprogramming, which can use gene transduction in somatic cells. There are numerous potential applications for iPSCs in the field of stem cell biology becauase they are able to give rise to several different cell features of lineages such as three-germ layers. Primordial germ cells, generated via in vitro differentiation of iPSCs, have been demonstrated to produce functional gametes. Therefore, in this review we discussed past and recent advances in the in vitro differentiation of germ cells using pluripotent stem cells with an emphasis on iPSCs. Although this domain of research is still in its infancy, exploring development mechanisms of germ cells is promising, especially in humans, to promote future reproductive and developmental engineering technologies. While few studies have evaluated the ability and efficiency of iPSCs to differentiate toward male germ cells in vitro by different inducers, the given effect was investigated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Sabzalipoor
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mousa Kehtari
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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19
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Miyauchi H, Ohta H, Nagaoka S, Nakaki F, Sasaki K, Hayashi K, Yabuta Y, Nakamura T, Yamamoto T, Saitou M. Bone morphogenetic protein and retinoic acid synergistically specify female germ-cell fate in mice. EMBO J 2017; 36:3100-3119. [PMID: 28928204 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism for sex determination in mammalian germ cells remains unclear. Here, we reconstitute the female sex determination in mouse germ cells in vitro under a defined condition without the use of gonadal somatic cells. We show that retinoic acid (RA) and its key effector, STRA8, are not sufficient to induce the female germ-cell fate. In contrast, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and RA synergistically induce primordial germ cells (PGCs)/PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into fetal primary oocytes. The induction is characterized by entry into the meiotic prophase, occurs synchronously and recapitulates cytological and transcriptome progression in vivo faithfully. Importantly, the female germ-cell induction necessitates a proper cellular competence-most typically, DNA demethylation of relevant genes-which is observed in appropriately propagated PGCs/PGCLCs, but not in PGCs/PGCLCs immediately after induction. This provides an explanation for the differential function of BMP signaling between PGC specification and female germ-cell induction. Our findings represent a framework for a comprehensive delineation of the sex-determination pathway in mammalian germ cells, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Miyauchi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Kyoto, Japan
| | - So Nagaoka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumio Nakaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Developmental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yabuta
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan .,JST, ERATO, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Mansouri V, Salehi M, Omrani MD, Niknam Z, Ardeshirylajimi A. Collagen-alginate microspheres as a 3D culture system for mouse embryonic stem cells differentiation to primordial germ cells. Biologicals 2017; 48:114-120. [PMID: 28483511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells differentiation of stem cells will aid treatment of adults with infertility. Biopolymers utilization provided synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) and desired attributes in in vitro to improve conditions for stem cells attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Mixture of alginate as a biocompatible hydrogel, with collagen IV, could establish an in vitro 3 dimensional (3D) culture model. The objective of this study was investigation of the mouse ESCs differentiation capacity to putative primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the alginate and alginate-collagen IV microspheres (CAM). ESCs aggregated together to form embryoid bodies (EB) in CAM under basal medium supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) as a differentiation factor. Viability and PGC differentiation of the stem cells in microspheres was evaluated by apoptosis and PGC related gene markers. Flow cytometry analysis was also used to detect of Mvh endogenous protein as a specific PGC marker. PGC gene and protein expression revealed that differentiation potential of ESCs to putative PGCs in CAM is significantly higher than control groups. Taking together, it was concluded that CAM demonstrated a great potential to use in PGCs differentiation and treatment of adults with infertility and may be a reliable means of producing mature germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Martínez-Páramo S, Horváth Á, Labbé C, Zhang T, Robles V, Herráez P, Suquet M, Adams S, Viveiros A, Tiersch TR, Cabrita E. Cryobanking of aquatic species. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 472:156-177. [PMID: 29276317 PMCID: PMC5737826 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the applications of genome cryobanking of aquatic species including freshwater and marine fish, as well as invertebrates. It also reviews the latest advances in cryobanking of model species, widely used by the scientific community worldwide, because of their applications in several fields. The state of the art of cryopreservation of different cellular types (sperm, oocytes, embryos, somatic cells and primordial germ cells or early spermatogonia) is discussed focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure according to different applications. A special review on the need of standardization of protocols has also been carried out. In summary, this comprehensive review provides information on the practical details of applications of genome cryobanking in a range of aquatic species worldwide, including the cryobanks established in Europe, USA, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, the species and type of cells that constitute these banks and the utilization of the samples preserved. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE This review compiles the last advances on germplasm cryobanking of freshwater and marine fish species and invertebrates, with high value for commercial aquaculture or conservation. It is reviewed the most promising cryopreservation protocols for different cell types, embryos and larvae that could be applied in programs for genetic improvement, broodstock management or conservation of stocks to guarantee culture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Martínez-Páramo
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Catherine Labbé
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa Robles
- IEO, Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Santander Oceanographic Centre, El Bocal, Barrio Corbanera s/n Bocal, 39012 Monte, Santander, Spain
| | - Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology and INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Marc Suquet
- IFREMER, PFOM Dept, Stn Expt Argenton, UMR, 6539 Argenton, France
| | - Serean Adams
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Private Bag 3123, Ruakura, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Ana Viveiros
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Mouka A, Tachdjian G, Dupont J, Drévillon L, Tosca L. In Vitro Gamete Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Promising Therapy for Infertility. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:509-21. [PMID: 26873432 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of gametes derived in vitro from pluripotent stem cells holds promising prospects for future reproductive applications. Indeed, it provides information on molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying germ cell (GC) development and could offer a new potential treatment for infertility. Great progress has been made in derivation of gametes from embryonic stem cells, despite ethical issues. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology allows the reprogramming of a differentiated somatic cell, possibly emanating from the patient, into a pluripotent state. With the emergence of iPSCs, several studies created primordial GC stage to mature gamete-like cells in vitro in mice and humans. Recent findings in GC derivation suggest that in mice, functional gametes can be generated in vitro. This strengthens the idea that it might be possible in the future to generate functional human sperm and oocytes from pluripotent stem cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Mouka
- 1 AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud , Clamart, France .,2 Université Paris-Sud , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- 1 AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud , Clamart, France .,2 Université Paris-Sud , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- 3 Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Nouzilly, France
| | - Loïc Drévillon
- 1 AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud , Clamart, France
| | - Lucie Tosca
- 1 AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud , Clamart, France .,2 Université Paris-Sud , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
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Nakajima R, Okano H, Noce T. JMJD1C Exhibits Multiple Functions in Epigenetic Regulation during Spermatogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163466. [PMID: 27649575 PMCID: PMC5029890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Jmjd1C is one of the Jmjd1 family genes that encode putative demethylases against histone H3K9 and non-histone proteins and has been proven to play an indispensable role in mouse spermatogenesis. Here, we analyzed a newly-bred transgenic mouse strain carrying a Jmjd1C loss-of-function allele in which a β-geo cassette was integrated into the intron of the Jmjd1C locus. Jmjd1C gene-trap homozygous testes exhibited malformations in postmeiotic processes and a deficiency in the long-term maintenance of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Some groups of spermatids in the homozygous testis showed abnormal organization and incomplete elongation from the first wave of spermatogenesis onwards. Moreover, histone H4K16 acetylation, which is required for the onset of chromatin remodeling, appeared to be remarkably decreased. These effects may not have been a result of the drastic decrease in gene expression related to the events but instead may have been due to the lack of interaction between JMJD1C and its partner proteins, such as MDC1 and HSP90. Additionally, significant decreases in Oct4 expression and NANOG- and OCT4-expressing spermatogonia were found in the Jmjd1C homozygous mature testis, suggesting that JMJD1C may participate in the maintenance of spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal by up-regulating Oct4 expression. These results indicate that JMJD1C has multiple functions during spermatogenesis through interactions with different partners during the spermatogenic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Nakajima
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinamomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinamomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Noce
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinamomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Former: Mitsubishi-Kagaku Institute of Life Science, 11 Minami-Ooya, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Selective de-repression of germ cell-specific genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts in a permissive epigenetic environment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32932. [PMID: 27608931 PMCID: PMC5016969 DOI: 10.1038/srep32932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play crucial roles on establishment of tissue-specific transcription profiles and cellular characteristics. Direct conversions of fibroblasts into differentiated tissue cells by over-expression of critical transcription factors have been reported, but the epigenetic mechanisms underlying these conversions are still not fully understood. In addition, conversion of somatic cells into germ cells has not yet been achieved. To understand epigenetic mechanisms that underlie germ cell characteristics, we attempted to use defined epigenetic factors to directly convert mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into germ cells. Here, we successfully induced germ cell-specific genes by inhibiting repressive epigenetic modifications via RNAi or small-molecule compounds. Under these conditions, some tissue-specific genes and stimulus-inducible genes were also induced. Meanwhile, the treatments did not result in genome-wide transcriptional activation. These results suggested that a permissive epigenetic environment resulted in selective de-repression of stimulus- and differentiation-inducible genes including germ cell-specific genes in MEFs.
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Abstract
Germ cells are the only cell type in the body that can transfer genetic information to the next generation. Germline-competent stem cells can self-renew and contribute to the germ cell lineage giving rise to pluripotent stem cells under specific conditions. Hence far, studies on germline-competent stem cells have contributed to the generation of avian model systems and the conservation of avian genetic resources. In this review, we focus on previous studies on germline-competent stem cells from avian species, mainly chicken germline-competent stem cells, which have been well established and characterized. We discuss different sources of germline-competent stem cells and recent advances for the future applications in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul-151 921, Korea
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26
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Nikolic A, Volarevic V, Armstrong L, Lako M, Stojkovic M. Primordial Germ Cells: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1741072. [PMID: 26635880 PMCID: PMC4655300 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1741072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a condition that occurs very frequently and understanding what defines normal fertility is crucial to helping patients. Causes of infertility are numerous and the treatment often does not lead to desired pregnancy especially when there is a lack of functional gametes. In humans, the primordial germ cell (PGC) is the primary undifferentiated stem cell type that will differentiate towards gametes: spermatozoa or oocytes. With the development of stem cell biology and differentiation protocols, PGC can be obtained from pluripotent stem cells providing a new therapeutic possibility to treat infertile couples. Recent studies demonstrated that viable mouse pups could be obtained from in vitro differentiated stem cells suggesting that translation of these results to human is closer. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about PGC indicating the perspective of their use in both research and medical application for the treatment of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Nikolic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, The International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, The International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Miodrag Stojkovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Spebo Medical, Norvezanska 16, 16 000 Leskovac, Serbia
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27
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Vrbsky J, Tereh T, Kyrylenko S, Dvorak P, Krejci L. MEK and TGF-beta Inhibition Promotes Reprogramming without the Use of Transcription Factor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127739. [PMID: 26039048 PMCID: PMC4454598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of replacing the originally discovered and widely used DNA reprogramming transcription factors is stimulating enormous effort to identify more effective compounds that would not alter the genetic information. Here, we describe the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSc) from head-derived primary culture of mouse embryonic cells using small chemical inhibitors of the MEK and TGF-beta pathways without delivery of exogenous transcription factors. These iPSc express standard pluripotency markers and retain their potential to differentiate into cells of all germ layers. Our data indicate that head-derived embryonic neural cells might have the reprogramming potential while neither the same primary cells cultivated over five passages in vitro nor a cell population derived from adult brain possesses this capacity. Our results reveal the potential for small molecules to functionally replace routinely used transcription factors and lift the veil on molecular regulation controlling pluripotency. The conditions described here could provide a platform upon which other genome non integrative and safer reprogramming processes could be developed. This work also shows novel potential for developing embryonic neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vrbsky
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamas Tereh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sergiy Kyrylenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lumir Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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28
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Zeng F, Huang F, Guo J, Hu X, Liu C, Wang H. Emerging methods to generate artificial germ cells from stem cells. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:89. [PMID: 25715792 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.124800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells are responsible for the transmission of genetic and epigenetic information across generations. At present, the number of infertile couples is increasing worldwide; these infertility problems can be traced to environmental pollutions, infectious diseases, cancer, psychological or work-related stress, and other factors, such as lifestyle and genetics. Notably, lack of germ cells and germ cell loss present real obstacles in infertility treatment. Recent research aimed at producing gametes through artificial germ cell generation from stem cells may offer great hope for affected couples to treat infertility in the future. Therefore, this rapidly emerging area of artificial germ cell generation from nongermline cells has gained considerable attention from basic and clinical research in the fields of stem cell biology, developmental biology, and reproductive biology. Here, we review the state of the art in artificial germ cell generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhui Zeng
- The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Fajun Huang
- School of Medical Science, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingchang Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changbai Liu
- The Institute of Molecular Biology, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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29
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Okura H, Soeda M, Morita M, Fujita M, Naba K, Ito C, Ichinose A, Matsuyama A. Therapeutic potential of human adipose tissue-derived multi-lineage progenitor cells in liver fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:860-5. [PMID: 25490388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. In a mouse model of liver fibrosis, systemic injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) was considered to rescue the diseased phenotype. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of human adipose tissue-derived multi-lineage progenitor cells (hADMPCs) in improving liver fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS hADMPCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissues of healthy volunteers and expanded. Six week-old male nude mice were treated with carbon tetra-chloride (CCl4) by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for 6 weeks, followed by a tail vein injection of hADMPCs or placebo control. After 6 more weeks of CCl4 injection (12 weeks in all), nude mice with hADMPCs transplants exhibited a significant reduction in liver fibrosis, as evidenced by Sirius Red staining, compared with nude mice treated with CCl4 for 12 weeks without hADMPCs transplants. Moreover, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase and total bilirubin levels in hADMPCs-treated nude mice were lower levels than those in placebo controls. Production of fibrinolytic enzyme MMPs from hADMPCs were examined by ELISA and compared to that from BM-MSCs. MMP-2 levels in the culture media were not significantly different, whereas those of MMP-3 and -9 of hADMPCs were higher than those by BM-MSCs. CONCLUSION These results showed the mode of action and proof of concept of systemic injection of hADMPCs, which is a promising therapeutic intervention for the treatment of patients with liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanayuki Okura
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; The Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0879, Japan
| | - Mayumi Soeda
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Morita
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maiko Fujita
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kyoko Naba
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Ito
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ichinose
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; The Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0879, Japan.
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30
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Yang S, Ping P, Ma M, Li P, Tian R, Yang H, Liu Y, Gong Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, He Z. Generation of haploid spermatids with fertilization and development capacity from human spermatogonial stem cells of cryptorchid patients. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:663-75. [PMID: 25358793 PMCID: PMC4223697 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of functional spermatids from azoospermia patients is of unusual significance in the treatment of male infertility. Here, we report an efficient approach to obtain human functional spermatids from cryptorchid patients. Spermatogonia remained whereas meiotic germ cells were rare in cryptorchid patients. Expression of numerous markers for meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells was enhanced in human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) of cryptorchidism patients by retinoic acid (RA) and stem cell factor (SCF) treatment. Meiotic spreads and DNA content assays revealed that RA and SCF induced a remarkable increase of SCP3-, MLH1-, and CREST-positive cells and haploid cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reflected distinct global gene profiles in embryos derived from round spermatids and nuclei of somatic cells. Significantly, haploid spermatids generated from human SSCs of cryptorchid patients possessed fertilization and development capacity. This study thus provides an invaluable source of autologous male gametes for treating male infertility in azoospermia patients. Spermatogonia remain whereas meiotic male germ cells are rare in cryptorchid patients Human SSCs of cryptorchid patients differentiate into phenotypic haploid spermatids Round spermatids derived from human SSCs have fertilization and development capacity Distinct gene profiles exist in embryos from round spermatid and somatic cell nuclei
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Ping Ping
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Meng Ma
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Ruhui Tian
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Zuping He
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200001, China.
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31
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Vertès AA. Deciphering the therapeutic stem cell strategies of large and midsize pharmaceutical firms. Regen Med 2014; 9:479-95. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow adoption of cytotherapeutics remains a vexing hurdle given clinical progress achieved to date with a variety of stem cell lineages. Big and midsize pharmaceutical companies as an asset class still delay large-scale investments in this arena until technological and market risks will have been further reduced. Nonetheless, a handful of stem cell strategic alliance and licensing transactions have already been implemented, indicating that progress is actively monitored, although most of these involve midsize firms. The greatest difficulty is, perhaps, that the regenerative medicine industry is currently only approaching the point of inflexion of the technology development S-curve, as many more clinical trials read out. A path to accelerating technology adoption is to focus on innovation outliers among healthcare actors. These can be identified by analyzing systemic factors (e.g., national science policies and industry fragmentation) and intrinsic factors (corporate culture, e.g., nimble decision-making structures; corporate finance, e.g., opportunity costs and ownership structure; and operations, e.g., portfolio management strategies, threats on existing businesses and patent expirations). Another path is to accelerate the full clinical translation and commercialization of an allogeneic cytotherapeutic product in any indication to demonstrate the disease-modifying potential of the new products for treatment and prophylaxis, ideally for a large unmet medical need such as dry age-related macular degeneration, or for an orphan disease such as biologics-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease. In times of decreased industry average research productivities, regenerative medicine products provide important prospects for creating new franchises with a market potential that could very well mirror that achieved with the technology of monoclonal antibodies.
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32
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Botman O, Wyns C. Induced pluripotent stem cell potential in medicine, specifically focused on reproductive medicine. Front Surg 2014; 1:5. [PMID: 25671222 PMCID: PMC4313692 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2014.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2006, several laboratories have proved that somatic cells can be reprogramed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). iPSCs have enormous potential in stem cell biology as they can give rise to numerous cell lineages, including the three germ layers. In this review, we discuss past and recent advances in human iPSCs used for modeling diseases in vitro, screening drugs to test new treatments, and autologous cell and tissue regenerative therapies, with a special focus on reproductive medicine applications. While this latter field of research is still in its infancy, it holds great promise for investigating germ cell development and studying the genetic and physiopathological mechanisms of infertility. A major cause of infertility is the absence of germ cells in the testes, mainly due to genetic background or as a consequence of gonadotoxic treatments. For these patients, no effective fertility restoration strategy has so far been identified. The derivation of germ cells from iPSCs represents an alternative source of stem cells able to differentiate into spermatozoa. Lessons learned from animal models as well as studies on human iPSCs for reproductive purposes are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Botman
- Gynecology Unit, Medical School, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Christine Wyns
- Gynecology Unit, Medical School, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium ; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
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Sun YC, Cheng SF, Sun R, Zhao Y, Shen W. Reconstitution of Gametogenesis In Vitro: Meiosis Is the Biggest Obstacle. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hou J, Yang S, Yang H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Hai Y, Chen Z, Guo Y, Gong Y, Gao WQ, Li Z, He Z. Generation of male differentiated germ cells from various types of stem cells. Reproduction 2014; 147:R179-88. [PMID: 24534952 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is a major and largely incurable disease caused by disruption and loss of germ cells. It affects 10-15% of couples, and male factor accounts for half of the cases. To obtain human male germ cells 'especially functional spermatids' is essential for treating male infertility. Currently, much progress has been made on generating male germ cells, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, from various types of stem cells. These germ cells can also be used in investigation of the pathology of male infertility. In this review, we focused on advances on obtaining male differentiated germ cells from different kinds of stem cells, with an emphasis on the embryonic stem (ES) cells, the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). We illustrated the generation of male differentiated germ cells from ES cells, iPS cells and SSCs, and we summarized the phenotype for these stem cells, spermatocytes and spermatids. Moreover, we address the differentiation potentials of ES cells, iPS cells and SSCs. We also highlight the advantages, disadvantages and concerns on derivation of the differentiated male germ cells from several types of stem cells. The ability of generating mature and functional male gametes from stem cells could enable us to understand the precise etiology of male infertility and offer an invaluable source of autologous male gametes for treating male infertility of azoospermia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Shi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Yanan Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Zuping He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghai 200135, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineShanghai 200025, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesStem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, ChinaDepartment of UrologyShanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 845 Linshan Road, Shanghai 200135, Chin
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Cebrian-Serrano A, Stout T, Dinnyes A. Veterinary applications of induced pluripotent stem cells: regenerative medicine and models for disease? Vet J 2013; 198:34-42. [PMID: 24129109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can now be derived from a tissue biopsy and represent a promising new platform for disease modelling, drug and toxicity testing, biomarker development and cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine. In regenerative medicine, large animals may represent the best models for man, and thereby provide invaluable systems in which to test the safety and the potential of iPSCs. Hence, testing iPSCs in veterinary species may serve a double function, namely, developing therapeutic products for regenerative medicine in veterinary patients while providing valuable background information for human clinical trials. The production of iPSCs from livestock or wild species is attractive because it could improve efficiency and reduce costs in various fields, such as transgenic animal generation and drug development, preservation of biological diversity, and because it also offers an alternative to xenotransplantation for in vivo generation of organs. Although the technology of cellular reprogramming using the so-called 'Yamanaka factors' is in its peak expectation phase and many concerns still need to be addressed, the rapid technical progress suggests that iPSCs could contribute significantly to novel therapies in veterinary and biomedical practice in the near future. This review provides an overview of the potential applications of iPSCs in veterinary medicine.
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Imamura M, Hikabe O, Lin ZYC, Okano H. Generation of germ cells in vitro in the era of induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 81:2-19. [PMID: 23996404 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are stem cells that can be artificially generated via "cellular reprogramming" using gene transduction in somatic cells. iPSCs have enormous potential in stem-cell biology as they can give rise to numerous cell lineages, including the three germ layers. An evaluation of germ-line competency by blastocyst injection or tetraploid complementation, however, is critical for determining the developmental potential of mouse iPSCs towards germ cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that primordial germ cells obtained by the in vitro differentiation of iPSCs produce functional gametes as well as healthy offspring. These findings illustrate not only that iPSCs are developmentally similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but also that somatic cells from adult tissues can produce gametes in vitro, that is, if they are reprogrammed into iPSCs. In this review, we discuss past and recent advances in the in vitro differentiation of germ cells using pluripotent stem cells, with an emphasis on ESCs and iPSCs. While this field of research is still at a stage of infancy, it holds great promises for investigating the mechanisms of germ-cell development, especially in humans, and for advancing reproductive and developmental engineering technologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Imamura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Max is a repressor of germ cell-related gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1754. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Aberrant gene expression and sexually incompatible genomic imprinting in oocytes derived from XY mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58555. [PMID: 23472205 PMCID: PMC3589367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to differentiate into germ cells (GCs) in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, XY ESCs can give rise to both male and female GCs in culture, irrespective of the genetic sex. Recent studies showed that ESC-derived primordial GCs contributed to functional gametogenesis in vivo; however, in vitro differentiation techniques have never succeeded in generating mature oocytes from ESCs due to cryptogenic growth arrest during the preantral follicle stages of development. To address this issue, a mouse ESC line, capable of producing follicle-like structures (FLSs) efficiently, was established to investigate their properties using conventional molecular biological methods. The results revealed that the ESC-derived FLSs were morphologically similar to ovarian primary-to-secondary follicles but never formed an antrum; instead, the FLSs eventually underwent abnormal development or cell death in culture, or formed teratomas when transplanted under the kidney capsule in mice. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that the FLSs lacked transcripts for genes essential to late folliculogenesis, including gonadotropin receptors and steroidogenic enzymes, whereas some other genes were overexpressed in FLSs compared to the adult ovary. The E-Cadherin protein, which is involved in cell-to-cell interactions, was also expressed ectopically. Remarkably, it was seen that oocyte-like cells in the FLSs exhibited androgenetic genomic imprinting, which is ordinarily indicative of male GCs. Although the FLSs did not express male GC marker genes, the DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt3L, was expressed at an abnormally high level. Furthermore, the expression of sex determination factors was ambiguous in FLSs as both male and female determinants were expressed weakly. These data suggest that the developmental dysfunction of the ESC-derived FLSs may be attributable to aberrant gene expression and genomic imprinting, possibly associated with uncertain sex determination in culture.
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Okamura D, Maeda I, Taniguchi H, Tokitake Y, Ikeda M, Ozato K, Mise N, Abe K, Noce T, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Matsui Y. Cell cycle gene-specific control of transcription has a critical role in proliferation of primordial germ cells. Genes Dev 2013; 26:2477-82. [PMID: 23154982 DOI: 10.1101/gad.202242.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Transcription elongation is stimulated by positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), for which activity is repressed in the 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SK snRNP) complex. We show here a critical role of 7SK snRNP in growth control of primordial germ cells (PGCs). The expression of p15(INK4b), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) gene, in PGCs is selectively activated by P-TEFb and its recruiting molecule, Brd4, when the amount of active P-TEFb is increased due to reduction of the 7SK snRNP, and PGCs consequently undergo growth arrest. These results indicate that CDKI gene-specific control of transcription by 7SK snRNP plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of PGC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Okamura
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Aponte PM, Schlatt S, Franca LRD. Biotechnological approaches to the treatment of aspermatogenic men. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68 Suppl 1:157-67. [PMID: 23503966 PMCID: PMC3583150 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(sup01)18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspermatogenesis is a severe impairment of spermatogenesis in which germ cells are completely lacking or present in an immature form, which results in sterility in approximately 25% of patients. Because assisted reproduction techniques require mature germ cells, biotechnology is a valuable tool for rescuing fertility while maintaining biological fatherhood. However, this process involves, for instance, the differentiation of preexisting immature germ cells or the production/derivation of sperm from somatic cells. This review critically addresses four potential techniques: sperm derivation in vitro, germ stem cell transplantation, xenologous systems, and haploidization. Sperm derivation in vitro is already feasible in fish and mammals through organ culture or 3D systems, and it is very useful in conditions of germ cell arrest or in type II Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. Patients afflicted by type I Sertoli-cell-only syndrome could also benefit from gamete derivation from induced pluripotent stem cells of somatic origin, and human haploid-like cells have already been obtained by using this novel methodology. In the absence of alternative strategies to generate sperm in vitro, in germ cells transplantation fertility is restored by placing donor cells in the recipient germ-cell-free seminiferous epithelium, which has proven effective in conditions of spermatogonial arrest. Grafting also provides an approach for ex-vivo generation of mature sperm, particularly using prepubertal testis tissue. Although less feasible, haploidization is an option for creating gametes based on biological cloning technology. In conclusion, the aforementioned promising techniques remain largely experimental and still require extensive research, which should address, among other concerns, ethical and biosafety issues, such as gamete epigenetic status, ploidy, and chromatin integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Manuel Aponte
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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41
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Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into male germ cells in vitro through embryoid body formation and retinoic acid or testosterone induction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:608728. [PMID: 23509752 PMCID: PMC3591174 DOI: 10.1155/2013/608728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Generation of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells in vitro could have great application for treating infertility and provides an excellent model for uncovering molecular mechanisms controlling gametogenesis. In this study, we explored the differentiation potential of mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells towards male germ cells. Embryoid body formation and retinoic acid/testosterone induction were applied to promote differentiation of mouse iPS cells into male germ cells in vitro. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoflourescence were performed to characterize the iPS cell differentiation process, and notably there were different temporal expression profiles of male germ cell-associated genes. The expression of proteins, including MVH, CDH1, and SCP3, was remarkably increased. mRNA expression of Stra8, Odf2, Act, and Prm1 was upregulated in iPS cells by retinoic acid or testosterone induction, whereas Oct-4 transcription was reduced in these cells compared to the controls. Hormones were also measured in the EB medium. DNA content analysis by flow cytometry revealed that iPS cells could differentiate into haploid cells through retinoic acid or testosterone treatment. Collectively, our results suggest that mouse iPS cells possess the potency to differentiate into male germ cells in vitro through embryoid body formation and retinoic acid or testosterone induction.
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Chen B, Zhang L, Tang J, Feng X, Feng Y, Liang G, Wang L, Feng Y, Li L, De Felici M, Shi Q, Shen W. Recovery of functional oocytes from cultured premeiotic germ cells after kidney capsule transplantation. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:567-80. [PMID: 22978409 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of in vitro culture systems for a premeiotic female germ cell is still low, mostly because of our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms controlling oogenesis and the obvious difficulties in reproducing the complex in vivo environment of such a process under in vitro conditions. Here we explored the possibility of recovering the developmental potential of mouse oocytes generated in vitro from premeiotic germ cells by transplantation under a kidney capsule of adult animals. To this aim, mouse embryonic ovaries of 12.5 days postcoitum cultured in vitro in a serum-free medium for 7 or 14 days, were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice and analyzed after 21 (7+21 group) or 14 days (14+14 group). Cultured ovaries before transplantation showed delayed oocyte meiotic progression and follicle development. Interestingly, grafted ovaries of both groups, especially those of the 7+21 group, seemed able to restore the reproductive cycle of recipients. While the almost complete absence of primordial follicles was observed in grafted ovaries, oocytes from these ovaries showed transcript levels of genes associated to oocyte maturation similar to control. Moreover, the developmental stage of follicles and oocytes of the 7+21 group ovaries were comparable to that of 21 days post partum in vivo ovaries, whereas significant developmental delay were found in the 14+14 group ovaries. Nevertheless, oocytes retrieved from transplanted ovaries of both groups matured (around 80%) and were fertilized in vitro (around 20%-45%). Two-cell embryos from the fertilized oocytes developed to hatching blastocysts (about 50%) or gave rise to healthy live offspring (from 6% to 10%) when transplanted in a host mother. In conclusion, our results indicate that premeiotic female germ cells cultured in vitro up to primordial/primary follicle stages preserve their capability to complete oogenesis and can be fertilized and generate live pups after transplantation into a suitable in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Implication of DNA demethylation and bivalent histone modification for selective gene regulation in mouse primordial germ cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46036. [PMID: 23029374 PMCID: PMC3461056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) sequentially induce specific genes required for their development. We focused on epigenetic changes that regulate PGC-specific gene expression. mil-1, Blimp1, and Stella are preferentially expressed in PGCs, and their expression is upregulated during PGC differentiation. Here, we first determined DNA methylation status of mil-1, Blimp1, and Stella regulatory regions in epiblast and in PGCs, and found that they were hypomethylated in differentiating PGCs after E9.0, in which those genes were highly expressed. We used siRNA to inhibit a maintenance DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt1, in embryonic stem (ES) cells and found that the flanking regions of all three genes became hypomethylated and that expression of each gene increased 1.5- to 3-fold. In addition, we also found 1.5- to 5-fold increase of the PGC genes in the PGCLCs (PGC-like cells) induced form ES cells by knockdown of Dnmt1. We also obtained evidence showing that methylation of the regulatory region of mil-1 resulted in 2.5-fold decrease in expression in a reporter assay. Together, these results suggested that DNA demethylation does not play a major role on initial activation of the PGC genes in the nascent PGCs but contributed to enhancement of their expression in PGCs after E9.0. However, we also found that repression of representative somatic genes, Hoxa1 and Hoxb1, and a tissue-specific gene, Gfap, in PGCs was not dependent on DNA methylation; their flanking regions were hypomethylated, but their expression was not observed in PGCs at E13.5. Their promoter regions showed the bivalent histone modification in PGCs, that may be involved in repression of their expression. Our results indicated that epigenetic status of PGC genes and of somatic genes in PGCs were distinct, and suggested contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in regulation of the expression of a specific gene set in PGCs.
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He Z. Derivation of male germ cells from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells: a novel and crucial source for generating male gametes. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:516-7. [PMID: 22635161 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuping He
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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The reciprocal relationship between primordial germ cells and pluripotent stem cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:753-61. [PMID: 22584374 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are induced in the epiblast early in mammalian development. They develop their specific fate separate from somatic cells by the generation of a unique transcriptional profile and by epigenetic modifications of histones and DNA. PGCs are related to pluripotent cells in many respects, both on a molecular and a cell biological level. Mimicking their in vivo development, PGCs can be derived in culture from pluripotent cells. Vice versa, PGCs can be converted in vitro into pluripotent embryonic germ cells. Recent evidence indicates that the derivation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells from explanted inner cell mass cells may pass through a germ cell-like state, but that this intermediate is not obligatory. In this review, we discuss PGC development and its relevance to pluripotency in mammalian embryos. We outline possibilities and problems connected to the application of in vitro-derived germ cells in reproductive medicine.
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46
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Hofmann B, Moldestad O. [Assisted reproduction--biology and ethics]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2012; 132:856-9. [PMID: 22511107 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.11.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Hofmann
- Høgskolen i Gjøvik og Senter for medisinsk etikk, Universitetet i Oslo, Norway.
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Zhu Y, Hu HL, Li P, Yang S, Zhang W, Ding H, Tian RH, Ning Y, Zhang LL, Guo XZ, Shi ZP, Li Z, He Z. Generation of male germ cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells): an in vitro and in vivo study. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:574-9. [PMID: 22504877 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from mice and humans can differentiate into primordial germ cells. However, whether iPS cells are capable of producing male germ cells is not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the differentiation potential of mouse iPS cells into spermatogonial stem cells and late-stage male germ cells. We used an approach that combines in vitro differentiation and in vivo transplantation. Embryoid bodies (EBs) were obtained from iPS cells using leukaemia inhibitor factor (LIF)-free medium. Quantitative PCR revealed a decrease in Oct4 expression and an increase in Stra8 and Vasa mRNA in the EBs derived from iPS cells. iPS cell-derived EBs were induced by retinoic acid to differentiate into spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), as evidenced by their expression of VASA, as well as CDH1 and GFRα1, which are markers of SSCs. Furthermore, these germ cells derived from iPS cells were transplanted into recipient testes of mice that had been pre-treated with busulfan. Notably, iPS cell-derived SSCs were able to differentiate into male germ cells ranging from spermatogonia to round spermatids, as shown by VASA and SCP3 expression. This study demonstrates that iPS cells have the potential to differentiate into late-stage male germ cells. The derivation of male germ cells from iPS cells has potential applications in the treatment of male infertility and provides a model for uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying male germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Renji Hospital, Sperm Development and Genetics Laboratory, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
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48
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Yang S, Bo J, Hu H, Guo X, Tian R, Sun C, Zhu Y, Li P, Liu P, Zou S, Huang Y, Li Z. Derivation of male germ cells from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro and in reconstituted seminiferous tubules. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:91-100. [PMID: 22324506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have demonstrated that mouse- and human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into primordial germ cells in vitro. However, up to now it is not known whether iPS cells would be able to differentiate into male germ cells in vivo. The aim of this study was to explore differentiation potential of iPS cells to male germ cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, approaches using in vitro retinoic acid induction and in vivo ectopic transplantation were combined to induce iPS cells to become male germ cells. RESULTS RT-PCR showed that expression of pre-meiotic and meiotic germ cell-specific genes was enhanced in iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) compared to mRNA transcripts of iPS cells. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that iPS cell-derived EBs positively expressed germ-cell markers VASA, c-Kit and SCP3. Furthermore, iPS cell-derived cells dissociated from EBs were injected with testicular cells into dorsal skin of mice. Histological examination showed that iPS cell-derived cells could reconstitute seminiferous tubules, and meanwhile, iPS cell-derived germ cells could settle at basement membranes of reconstituted tubules. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that iPS cells are able to differentiate into male germ cells in vitro and that reconstituted seminiferous tubules may provide a functional niche for exogenous iPS cell-derived male germ cells. Derivation of male germ cells from iPS cells has potential application for treating male infertility and provides an ideal platform for elucidating molecular mechanisms of male germ-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- Department of Urology, Sperm Development and Genetics Laboratory, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lin ZYC, Imamura M, Sano C, Nakajima R, Suzuki T, Yamadera R, Takehara Y, Okano HJ, Sasaki E, Okano H. Molecular signatures to define spermatogenic cells in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Reproduction 2012; 143:597-609. [PMID: 22323619 DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Germ cell development is a fundamental process required to produce offspring. The developmental program of spermatogenesis has been assumed to be similar among mammals. However, recent studies have revealed differences in the molecular properties of primate germ cells compared with the well-characterized mouse germ cells. This may prevent simple application of rodent insights into higher primates. Therefore, thorough investigation of primate germ cells is necessary, as this may lead to the development of more appropriate animal models. The aim of this study is to define molecular signatures of spermatogenic cells in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus. Interestingly, NANOG, PRDM1, DPPA3 (STELLA), IFITM3, and ZP1 transcripts, but no POU5F1 (OCT4), were detected in adult marmoset testis. Conversely, mouse testis expressed Pou5f1 but not Nanog, Prdm1, Dppa3, Ifitm3, and Zp1. Other previously described mouse germ cell markers were conserved in marmoset and mouse testes. Intriguingly, marmoset spermatogenic cells underwent dynamic protein expression in a developmental stage-specific manner; DDX4 (VASA) protein was present in gonocytes, diminished in spermatogonial cells, and reexpressed in spermatocytes. To investigate epigenetic differences between adult marmoset and mice, DNA methylation analyses identified unique epigenetic profiles to marmoset and mice. Marmoset NANOG and POU5F1 promoters in spermatogenic cells exhibited a methylation status opposite to that in mice, while the DDX4 and LEFTY1 loci, as well as imprinted genes, displayed an evolutionarily conserved methylation pattern. Marmosets have great advantages as models for human reproductive biology and are also valuable as experimental nonhuman primates; thus, the current study provides an important platform for primate reproductive biology, including possible applications to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Pistollato F, Bremer-Hoffmann S, Healy L, Young L, Stacey G. Standardization of pluripotent stem cell cultures for toxicity testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:239-57. [PMID: 22248265 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.639763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines offer a unique opportunity to derive various human cell types that can be exploited for human safety assessments in vitro and as such contribute to modern mechanistically oriented toxicity testing. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the two major types of PSC cultures that are currently most promising for toxicological applications: human embryonic stem cell lines and human induced PSC lines. Through the review, the article explains how these cell types will improve the current safety evaluations of chemicals and will allow a more efficient selection of drug candidates. Additionally, the article discusses the important issues of maintaining PSCs as well as their differentiation efficiency. EXPERT OPINION The demonstration of the reliability and relevance of in vitro toxicity tests for a given purpose is mandatory for their use in regulatory toxicity testing. Given the peculiar nature of PSCs, a high level of standardization of undifferentiated cell cultures as well as of the differentiation process is required in order to ensure the establishment of robust test systems. It is, therefore, of pivotal importance to define and internationally agree on crucial parameters to judge the quality of the cellular models before enrolling them for toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pistollato
- Institute for Health & Consumer Protection, Systems Toxicology Unit, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
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