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Poole RJ, Flames N, Cochella L. Neurogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2024; 228:iyae116. [PMID: 39167071 PMCID: PMC11457946 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals rely on their nervous systems to process sensory inputs, integrate these with internal signals, and produce behavioral outputs. This is enabled by the highly specialized morphologies and functions of neurons. Neuronal cells share multiple structural and physiological features, but they also come in a large diversity of types or classes that give the nervous system its broad range of functions and plasticity. This diversity, first recognized over a century ago, spurred classification efforts based on morphology, function, and molecular criteria. Caenorhabditis elegans, with its precisely mapped nervous system at the anatomical level, an extensive molecular description of most of its neurons, and its genetic amenability, has been a prime model for understanding how neurons develop and diversify at a mechanistic level. Here, we review the gene regulatory mechanisms driving neurogenesis and the diversification of neuron classes and subclasses in C. elegans. We discuss our current understanding of the specification of neuronal progenitors and their differentiation in terms of the transcription factors involved and ensuing changes in gene expression and chromatin landscape. The central theme that has emerged is that the identity of a neuron is defined by modules of gene batteries that are under control of parallel yet interconnected regulatory mechanisms. We focus on how, to achieve these terminal identities, cells integrate information along their developmental lineages. Moreover, we discuss how neurons are diversified postembryonically in a time-, genetic sex-, and activity-dependent manner. Finally, we discuss how the understanding of neuronal development can provide insights into the evolution of neuronal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nuria Flames
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Luisa Cochella
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Liu J, Song J, Li Y, Gao D, Ma Q, Song X, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Wang R, Dong Z, Chen L, Qin Y, Yuan W, Guo T, Song Z, Dong Y, Zou Z, Ma J. Geneenvironment interaction between phthalate exposure and pubertal genetic polymorphisms on blood pressure variability in children: Exploring the moderating effects of lifestyle behaviours. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116966. [PMID: 39216218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs) are synthetic compounds extensively employed in consumer products. Blood pressure (BP) in children can vary, the degree of visit-to-visit BP variability (VVV) is at least partially independent of BP. The interactions between PAEs exposure, pubertal-related genetic susceptibility and lifestyles on childhood VVV are not investigated. This study utilized data from a cohort collected from Oct 2017-2020 in Xiamen, China. Seven urine PAE metabolites were measured. The long-term VVV was characterized employing the standard deviation (SD) and average real variability. We constructed a genetic risk score (GRS) of pubertal-related genes and healthy lifestyle scores. Exposed to high levels of mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate (MEHHP) (OR=1.43, 95 %CI=1.07, 1.92) and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (OR=1.36, 95 % CI=1.01, 1.83) was related to increased SBP-SD, and the OR for high SBP-SD related to high GRS was 1.38 (95 % CI=1.02, 1.85). Compared to participants who had low GRS and low MEHHP exposure, participants exhibiting high GRS and MEHHP levels were more likely to experience high SBP-SD (OR=2.00, P<0.05). Individuals exhibiting low GRS, low MEHHP levels, and adhering to healthy lifestyles were associated with the least probability of experiencing high SBP-SD (OR=0.31, P<0.05). Increased PAEs exposure could elevate childhood systolic VVV, and exacerbated the adverse impact of pubertal-related genetic susceptibility on the high VVV of SBP; however, healthy lifestyles might alleviate these adverse effects. Promoting healthy lifestyles and reducing PAEs exposure for preventing elevated BP variability among children is important, especially for individuals with greater genetic susceptibility to early pubertal onset. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Blood pressure (BP) in children can vary, as a noninvasive, inexpensive and applicable method, the extent of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) is at least partially independent of BP. The interactions between phthalates (PAEs) exposure, variants of puberty-related genes and lifestyles on VVV are not investigated. Increased childhood systolic VVV might be associated with PAEs exposure, with the associations more pronounced combined with pubertal genetic susceptibility. Yet, healthy habits could partly eliminate such adverse effects. Our study underscores the importance of advocating for healthy lifestyles and reducing exposure to PAEs, especially among individuals with high genetic susceptibility to early puberty onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyun Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jianuo Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
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Tsinopoulou VR, Bacopoulou F, Fidani S, Christoforidis A. Genetic determinants of age at menarche: does the LIN28B gene play a role? A narrative review. Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00594-3. [PMID: 39227549 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Menarche, the first menstrual period marking the onset of female reproduction, is a milestone of female puberty. The timing of menarche determines the timing of later phases of pubertal maturation in girls and has major implications for health later in life, including behavioral and psychosocial disorders during adolescence and fertility problems and increased risk for certain diseases in adulthood. Over the last few decades, a continuous decline in age at menarche has been noted, with environmental factors contributing to this change in the timing of menarche. However, a genetic component of age at menarche and pubertal onset has been strongly suggested by studies in families and twins wherein up to approximately 80% of the variance in puberty onset can be explained by heritability. Gene association studies have revealed several genetic loci involved in age at menarche, among which LIN28B has emerged as a key regulator of female growth and puberty. LIN28B, a human homolog of Lin28 of C. elegans, is a known RNA-binding protein that regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have identified the association of polymorphisms in the LIN28B gene with age at menarche in several population cohorts worldwide. In this paper, we review the genetic factors contributing to age of menarche, with particular focus on the identified polymorphisms in LIN28B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University General Hospital AHEPA, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece.
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Fidani
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University General Hospital AHEPA, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece
- Laboratory of Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Christoforidis
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tsinopoulou VR, Bacopoulou F, Fidani L, Dimitriadis D, Gerou S, Christoforidis A. Study of rs7759938, rs314280, and rs314276 Polymorphisms of LIN28B in Relation to Age at Menarche in Girls of Greek Descent. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:912. [PMID: 39201847 PMCID: PMC11352753 DOI: 10.3390/children11080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in LIN28B, critical regulators of female growth and puberty, have been linked to age at menarche. METHODS We assessed the association of rs7759938, rs314280, and rs314276 with menarcheal age in girls of Greek descent. We reviewed the records of 248 girls who had their first menstruation before 18 years and who attended the Greek Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology from January 2021 to July 2023. Genotyping was performed by standard DNA-based methods. Association analyses involved both parametric and non-parametric tests. RESULTS The average age of breast and pubic hair development was 9.95 years, and the age at menarche was 11.55 years. Menarche occurred ≤11 years (mean 10.24 years) in 108 girls (43.5%) and >11 years (mean 12.55 years) in 140 (56.5%). The girls' menarcheal age correlated significantly with that of their mothers (average 12.1 years, p-value < 0.0001, Spearman's r 0.350). The dominant rs7759938(TT) genotype was the most common (55.2%), followed by the dominant rs314276(CC) (53.2%) and dominant rs314280(TT) (14.5%) genotypes. CONCLUSIONS There was no association between age at menarche and any of the polymorphism genotypes/alleles or between genotypes/alleles and birth weight, gestational week, mode of delivery, and maternal age at menarche. Future large sample studies are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University General Hospital AHEPA, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Liana Fidani
- Laboratory of Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dimitriadis
- School of Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon Gerou
- Analysis Biopathological Diagnostic Research Laboratories, 54623 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Christoforidis
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokratio General Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Subramanian M, Mills WT, Paranjpe MD, Onuchukwu US, Inamdar M, Maytin AR, Li X, Pomerantz JL, Meffert MK. Growth-suppressor microRNAs mediate synaptic overgrowth and behavioral deficits in Fragile X mental retardation protein deficiency. iScience 2024; 27:108676. [PMID: 38235335 PMCID: PMC10792201 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal neuronal and synapse growth is a core pathology resulting from deficiency of the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), but molecular links underlying the excessive synthesis of key synaptic proteins remain incompletely defined. We find that basal brain levels of the growth suppressor let-7 microRNA (miRNA) family are selectively lowered in FMRP-deficient mice and activity-dependent let-7 downregulation is abrogated. Primary let-7 miRNA transcripts are not altered in FMRP-deficiency and posttranscriptional misregulation occurs downstream of MAPK pathway induction and elevation of Lin28a, a let-7 biogenesis inhibitor. Neonatal restoration of brain let-7 miRNAs corrects hallmarks of FMRP-deficiency, including dendritic spine overgrowth and social and cognitive behavioral deficits, in adult mice. Blockade of MAPK hyperactivation normalizes let-7 miRNA levels in both brain and peripheral blood plasma from Fmr1 KO mice. These results implicate dysregulated let-7 miRNA biogenesis in the pathogenesis of FMRP-deficiency, and highlight let-7 miRNA-based strategies for future biomarker and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Subramanian
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William T. Mills
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Manish D. Paranjpe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Uche S. Onuchukwu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Manasi Inamdar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amanda R. Maytin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xinbei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joel L. Pomerantz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mollie K. Meffert
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Yang C, Zhang Y, Yan M, Wang J, Wang J, Wang M, Xuan Y, Cheng H, Ma J, Chai C, Li M, Yu Z. Exosomes derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promote tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer by upregulating circ_0067557 to target Lin28. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:64. [PMID: 38216964 PMCID: PMC10785442 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can remodel tumor microenvironment by secreting exosomes. This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomes derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. METHODS Circular RNA (circRNA) array was used to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in exosomes from normal fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs, and confirmed one differentially expressed circRNA circ_0067557 by real-time PCR. The effect of circ_0067557 on proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance and apoptosis was verified by wound heal, tranwell, CCK8, sphere-forming and flow cytometry assay. RESULTS Circ_0067557 expression in exosomes from CAFs was higher than those from NFs. CAF-derived exosomes promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance of CRC cells while suppressed apoptosis. Silencing of circ_0067557 inhibited malignant phenotypes of CRC cells by targeting Lin28A and Lin28B. Moreover, CAF-derived exosomes enhanced the growth of CRC xenograft tumors. CONCLUSION Circ_0067557/Lin28A and Lin28B signal axis may be a potential therapy target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Mingze Yan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Muhong Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhong Xuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyue Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaao Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Cuicui Chai
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhiwei Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150086, Harbin, China.
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China.
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Chen LL, Li YQ, Kang ZH, Zhang X, Gu SY, Wang N, Shen XY. Blocking the interaction between circTNRC18 and LIN28A promotes trophoblast epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and alleviates preeclampsia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 579:112073. [PMID: 37774938 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Defects in migration and invasion caused by dysregulation of trophoblastic epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) play a vital role in preeclampsia (PE). We have previously shown that circTNRC18 inhibits the migration and EMT of trophoblasts; however, its role in PE remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that circTNRC18 interacts with an RNA-binding protein, lin-28 homolog A (LIN28A), and this interaction is enhanced in PE placental tissue. LIN28A overexpression suppresses circTNRC18-mediated inhibition of trophoblast migration, invasion, and EMT, whereas LIN28A knockdown promotes them. The intracellular distribution of LIN28A is regulated by circTNRC18, where it promotes the expression of insulin-like growth factor II by stabilizing its mRNA. circTNRC18 also promotes complex formation between GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA1) and sine oculis homeobox 1 (SIX1) by inhibiting LIN28A-GATA1 interaction. GATA1-SIX1 promotes transcription of grainyhead-like protein 2 homolog and circTNRC18-mediated regulation of cell migration and invasion. Moreover, blocking circTNRC18-LIN28A interaction with antisense nucleotides alleviates PE in a mouse model of reduced uterine perfusion pressure. Thus, targeting the circTNRC18-LIN28A regulatory axis may be a novel PE treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
| | - Ya-Qin Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Hui Kang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
| | - Su-Yan Gu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
| | - Xue-Yan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
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Kim JH, Choi JH. Applications of genomic research in pediatric endocrine diseases. Clin Exp Pediatr 2023; 66:520-530. [PMID: 37321569 PMCID: PMC10694553 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular genetics have advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in pediatric endocrine disorders and now play a major role in mainstream medical practice. The spectrum of endocrine genetic disorders has 2 extremes: Mendelian and polygenic. Mendelian or monogenic diseases are caused by rare variants of a single gene, each of which exerts a strong effect on disease risk. Polygenic diseases or common traits are caused by the combined effects of multiple genetic variants in conjunction with environmental and lifestyle factors. Testing for a single gene is preferable if the disease is phenotypically and/or geneically homogeneous. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be applied to phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous conditions. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have examined genetic variants across the entire genome in a large number of individuals who have been matched for population ancestry and assessed for a disease or trait of interest. Common endocrine diseases or traits, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, height, and pubertal timing, result from the combined effects of multiple variants in various genes that are frequently found in the general population, each of which contributes a small individual effect. Isolated founder mutations can result from a true founder effect or an extreme reduction in population size. Studies of founder mutations offer powerful advantages for efficiently localizing the genes that underlie Mendelian disorders. The Korean population has settled in the Korean peninsula for thousands of years, and several recurrent mutations have been identified as founder mutations. The application of molecular technology has increased our understanding of endocrine diseases, which have impacted on the practice of pediatric endocrinology related to diagnosis and genetic counseling. This review focuses on the application of genomic research to pediatric endocrine diseases using GWASs and NGS technology for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Li Y, Zhang H, Li Q, Huang X, Kong X. Association of the KISS1, LIN28B, VDR and ERα gene polymorphisms with early and fast puberty in Chinese girls. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2181653. [PMID: 36828304 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2181653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association of KISS1, LIN28B, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene polymorphisms and the risk of early with fast puberty (EFP) risk, and with hormone levels in EFP cases, in Chinese girls. METHODS The analysis was based on the data of 141 girls with EFP and 152 girls without EFP. Clinical features were documented, and all SNP genotyping was conducted using SNaPshot method. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association of the SNPs with EFP risk, and with hormone levels in EFP cases. RESULTS There was a significant association between rs7759938-C polymorphism in the LIN28B gene and the risk for EFP in the recessive (TT + CT vs. CC) model (p = 0.040). Remarkably, rs5780218-delA polymorphism in the KISS1 gene and rs2234693-C polymorphism in the ERα gene were significantly associated with peak LH (luteinizing hormone) levels (p = 0.008, 0.045) and peak LH/FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) ratio (p = 0.007, 0.006). Additionally, on 7 of the 8 variant loci the alleles associated with increased levels of both peak LH levels and peak LH/FSH ratio in EFP cases were also associated with increased CPP risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that rs7759938-C polymorphism in the LIN28B gene might have a protective effect on EFP susceptibility. The most striking findings of this study is that, rs5780218-delA polymorphism in the KISS1 gene and rs2234693-C polymorphism in the ERα gene influenced levels of GnRH-stimulated peak LH and LH/FSH ratio, and in general CPP risk genes might also contributes to the abnormality of hormonal levels in EFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province/the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
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Zhang Y, Sui Z, Zhang Z, Wang C, Li X, Xing F. Analysis of the Imprinting Status and Expression of the MAGEL2 Gene During Initiation at Puberty in the Dolang Sheep. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:689-696. [PMID: 37843913 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting refers to the expression of parent-specific genes in diploid mammalian cells. MAGEL2 gene is a maternally imprinted gene that has been identified in mice and humans and is associated with the onset of puberty. The purpose of this study was to investigate its imprinting status and its relationship with the onset of puberty in Dolang sheep. The sequence of 3734 bp cDNA of MAGEL2 in Dolang sheep was obtained by cloning and sequencing, encoding 1173 amino acids. The results of the nucleotide and amino acid similarity analysis showed that it was highly conserved among different mammalian species. The MAGEL2 gene was expressed monoallelically in the tissues of adult and neonatal umbilical cords, and the expressed allele was paternally inherited. Real Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that the MAGEL2 gene was highly expressed in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, increased significantly from prepuberty to puberty, and decreased significantly after puberty. This study suggests that MAGEL2 is a paternally expressed and maternally imprinted gene in Dolang sheep, which may be involved in the initiation of puberty in Dolang sheep. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the mechanism of the imprinted gene MAGEL2 regulating the onset of puberty in sheep, and provides a new idea for the future research on the mechanism of onset of puberty in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Zhishuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Feng Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
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Sui Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang C, Li X, Xing F. Lin28B overexpression decreases let-7b and let-7g levels and increases proliferation and estrogen secretion in Dolang sheep ovarian granulosa cells. Arch Anim Breed 2023; 66:217-224. [PMID: 37560354 PMCID: PMC10407058 DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-217-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ovine puberty initiation has been previously studied, the mechanism by which the RNA-binding protein Lin28B affects this process has not been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Lin28B overexpression on let-7b, let-7g, cell proliferation, and estrogen secretion in Dolang sheep ovine ovarian granulosa cells. In this study, a Lin28B vector was constructed and transfected into ovarian granulosa cells using liposomes. After 24, 48, and 72 h of overexpression, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used for measuring let-7b and let-7g microRNA (miRNA) levels, and estrogen secretion was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) kit was used for evaluating cell viability and proliferation in response to Lin28B overexpression at 24 h. The results showed that the expression of let-7b and let-7g decreased significantly after Lin28B overexpression, and the difference was consistent over different periods. The result of ELISA showed that estradiol (E2) levels significantly increased following Lin28B overexpression. Additionally, Lin28B overexpression significantly increased the cell viability and proliferation. Therefore, the Lin28B-let-7 family axis may play a key role in the initiation of female ovine puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Tarim, Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,
Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar,
Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim, Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,
Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar,
Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Zhishuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim, Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,
Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar,
Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim, Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,
Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar,
Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tarim, Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,
Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar,
Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Feng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Tarim, Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,
Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar,
Xinjiang 843300, China
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12
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Schmidt PI, Mota LFM, Fonseca LFS, Dos Santos Silva DB, Frezarim GB, Arikawa LM, de Abreu Santos DJ, Magalhães AFB, Cole JB, Carvalheiro R, de Oliveira HN, Null DJ, VanRaden P, Ma L, de Albuquerque LG. Identification of candidate lethal haplotypes and genomic association with post-natal mortality and reproductive traits in Nellore cattle. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10399. [PMID: 37369809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide use of genomic information has enabled the identification of lethal recessive alleles that are the major genetic causes of reduced conception rates, longer calving intervals, or lower survival for live-born animals. This study was carried out to screen the Nellore cattle genome for lethal recessive haplotypes based on deviation from the expected population homozygosity, and to test SNP markers surrounding the lethal haplotypes region for association with heifer rebreeding (HR), post-natal mortality (PNM) and stayability (STAY). This approach requires genotypes only from apparently normal individuals and not from affected embryos. A total of 62,022 animals were genotyped and imputed to a high-density panel (777,962 SNP markers). Expected numbers of homozygous individuals were calculated, and the probabilities of observing 0 homozygotes was obtained. Deregressed genomic breeding values [(G)EBVs] were used in a GWAS to identify candidate genes and biological mechanisms affecting HR, STAY and PNM. In the functional analyses, genes within 100 kb down and upstream of each significant SNP marker, were researched. Thirty haplotypes had high expected frequency, while no homozygotes were observed. Most of the alleles present in these haplotypes had a negative mean effect for PNM, HR and STAY. The GWAS revealed significant SNP markers involved in different physiological mechanisms, leading to harmful effect on the three traits. The functional analysis revealed 26 genes enriched for 19 GO terms. Most of the GO terms found for biological processes, molecular functions and pathways were related to tissue development and the immune system. More phenotypes underlying these putative regions in this population could be the subject of future investigation. Tests to find putative lethal haplotype carriers could help breeders to eliminate them from the population or manage matings in order to avoid homozygous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Iana Schmidt
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucio Flavio Macedo Mota
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernanda Simielli Fonseca
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Danielly Beraldo Dos Santos Silva
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bonfá Frezarim
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Machestropa Arikawa
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Jordan de Abreu Santos
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Fabrícia Braga Magalhães
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - John Bruce Cole
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Jacob Null
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - Paul VanRaden
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA
| | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil.
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13
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Zhang Z, Gao X, Deng L, Jia W, Zhang J, Cheng J, Zhou H, Liu G, Fu W. Association between LIN28B gene polymorphisms and Wilms' tumor susceptibility. Biomark Med 2022; 16:1113-1120. [PMID: 36606447 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To survey the association between LIN28B gene polymorphisms and the increased risk of Wilms' tumor (WT). Methods: Five LIN28B polymorphisms (rs314276 C>A, rs221634 A>T, rs221635 T>C, the rs4145418 A>C and rs9404590 T>G) were genotyped in 355 WT patients and 1070 healthy controls to assess the association. Result: The rs314276 CA/AA genotype was a protective factor against WT (corrected odds ratio [OR]: 0.71; p = 0.006). Individuals older than 18 months (corrected OR: 0.60; p = 0.001), males (corrected OR: 0.65; p = 0.011) and in clinical stage I + II patients (corrected OR: 0.60; p = 0.0008) with this genotype were less susceptible to WT. Conclusion: The rs314276 CA/AA genotype may protect against WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Linqing Deng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Guochang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
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