1
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Lugo FA, Edeleva M, Van Steenberge PHM, Sabbe MK. Improved Approach for ab Initio Calculations of Rate Coefficients for Secondary Reactions in Acrylate Free-Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:872. [PMID: 38611129 PMCID: PMC11013146 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary reactions in radical polymerization pose a challenge when creating kinetic models for predicting polymer structures. Despite the high impact of these reactions in the polymer structure, their effects are difficult to isolate and measure to produce kinetic data. To this end, we used solvation-corrected M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) ab initio calculations to predict a complete and consistent data set of intrinsic rate coefficients of the secondary reactions in acrylate radical polymerization, including backbiting, β-scission, radical migration, macromonomer propagation, mid-chain radical propagation, chain transfer to monomer and chain transfer to polymer. Two new approaches towards computationally predicting rate coefficients for secondary reactions are proposed: (i) explicit accounting for all possible enantiomers for reactions involving optically active centers; (ii) imposing reduced flexibility if the reaction center is in the middle of the polymer chain. The accuracy and reliability of the ab initio predictions were benchmarked against experimental data via kinetic Monte Carlo simulations under three sufficiently different experimental conditions: a high-frequency modulated polymerization process in the transient regime, a low-frequency modulated process in the sliding regime at both low and high temperatures and a degradation process in the absence of free monomers. The complete and consistent ab initio data set compiled in this work predicts a good agreement when benchmarked via kMC simulations against experimental data, which is a technique never used before for computational chemistry. The simulation results show that these two newly proposed approaches are promising for bridging the gap between experimental and computational chemistry methods in polymer reaction engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A. Lugo
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (F.A.L.); (P.H.M.V.S.)
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Center for Polymer and Material Technology (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 130, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (F.A.L.); (P.H.M.V.S.)
| | - Maarten K. Sabbe
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (F.A.L.); (P.H.M.V.S.)
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2
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Wang TT, Zhou YN, Luo ZH, Zhu S. Beauty of Explicit Dispersity ( Đ) Equations in Controlled Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1423-1436. [PMID: 37812608 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Dispersity (Đ) as a critical parameter indicates the level of uniformity of the polymer molar mass or chain length. In the past several decades, the development of explicit equations for calculating Đ experiences a continual revolution. This viewpoint tracks the historical evolution of the explicit equations from living to reversible-deactivation polymerization systems. Emphasis is laid on displaying the charm of explicit Đ equations in batch reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), with highlights of the relevant elegant mathematical manipulations. Some representative emerging applications enabled by the existing explicit equations are shown, involving nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization systems. Stemming from the several outlined challenges and outlooks, sustained concerns about the explicit Đ equations are still highly deserved. It is expected that these equations will continue to play an important role not only in traditional polymerization kinetic simulation and design of experiments but also in modern intelligent manufacturing of precision polymers and classroom education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, PR China
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3
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Jamali Moghadam Siahkali M, Guigo N, Sbirrazzuoli N. Cross-Linking Mechanisms of a Rigid Plant Oil-Based Thermoset from Furfural-Derived Cyclobutane. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathanael Guigo
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100Nice, France
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4
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Jin J, Zhou Y, Luo Z. Kinetic Modeling of Simultaneous Polycondensation and Free Radical Polymerization for
PU
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PMMA IPN. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yin‐Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Zheng‐Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
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5
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Qin T, Xi Z, Zhao L, Yuan W. Monte Carlo simulation of sequential structure control of AN-MA-IA aqueous copolymerization by different operation modes. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Precision Polymer Synthesis by Controlled Radical Polymerization: Fusing the progress from Polymer Chemistry and Reaction Engineering. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Ultrasonication enhanced photocatalytic solvent-free reversible deactivation radical polymerization up to high conversion with good control. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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De Keer L, Edeleva M, Figueira FL, Reyes P, D'hooge DR, Van Steenberge PH. Procedures and Guidelines for Inputting and Output Smoothening of Kinetic Monte Carlo Distributions. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lies De Keer
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Freddy L. Figueira
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Pablo Reyes
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for Textile Science and Engineering Technologiepark 70a Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Paul H.M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
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9
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Analysis of UV Curing Strategy on Reaction Heat Control and Part Accuracy for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040759. [PMID: 35215672 PMCID: PMC8875315 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the relationship between the curing strategies and geometrical accuracy of parts under UV light was investigated. An IR camera was utilized to monitor the process using different combinations of photosensitive resin and curing strategies. The influences of curing strategies on different material compositions were studied with single-factor analysis. With the different exposure frequencies of the UV light, the peak temperature was adjusted to avoid overheating. The three-dimensional geometry of casting tensile bars was measured to investigate the shrinkage and warpage during the curing process. Different material compositions were also selected to study the effects of the maximum temperature on the shrinkage of the parts. The findings of this work show that, with the same amount of energy input, a more fragmented exposure allows for a more controllable max temperature, while one-time exposure leads to a high temperature during the process. With the decrease of the released heat from the reaction, the shrinkage of the casting part has a slightly increasing tendency. Moreover, the warpage of the parts decreased drastically with the decrease of temperature. The addition of fillers enhances the control over temperature and increases the geometrical accuracy.
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10
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Meimaroglou D, Florez D, Hu GH. A kinetic modeling framework for the peroxide-initiated radical polymerization of styrene in the presence of rubber particles from recycled tires. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Infante Teixeira L, Landfester K, Thérien-Aubin H. Nanoconfinement in miniemulsion increases reaction rates of thiol–ene photopolymerization and yields high molecular weight polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoinitiated thiol–ene polymerization was performed in bulk and miniemulsion. We show that the compartmentalization of the reaction inside nanodroplets led to faster reaction kinetics and yielded polymers with higher molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Héloïse Thérien-Aubin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X7, Canada
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12
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Edeleva M, Van Steenberge PH, D’hooge DR. In Silico Screening To Achieve Fast Lab-Scale Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization of n-Butyl Acrylate with Maximal Control over Macromolecular Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Paul H.M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE), Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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13
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De Keer L, Cavalli F, Estupiñán D, Krüger AJD, Rocha S, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, De Laporte L, Hofkens J, Barner L, D’hooge DR. Synergy of Advanced Experimental and Modeling Tools to Underpin the Synthesis of Static Step-Growth-Based Networks Involving Polymeric Precursor Building Blocks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lies De Keer
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- School of Chemistry and Physics, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Federica Cavalli
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Diego Estupiñán
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas J. D. Krüger
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52072 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susana Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52072 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry and Physics, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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14
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Kol R, De Somer T, D'hooge DR, Knappich F, Ragaert K, Achilias DS, De Meester S. State-Of-The-Art Quantification of Polymer Solution Viscosity for Plastic Waste Recycling. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4071-4102. [PMID: 34324273 PMCID: PMC8519067 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-based recycling is a promising approach for closed-loop recovery of plastic-containing waste. It avoids the energy cost to depolymerize the plastic but still allows to clean the polymer of contaminants and additives. However, viscosity plays an important role in handling the polymer solutions at high concentrations and in the cleaning steps. This Review addresses the viscosity behavior of polymer solutions, available data, and (mostly algebraic) models developed. The non-Newtonian viscosity models, such as the Carreau and Yasuda-Cohen-Armstrong models, pragmatically describe the viscosity of polymer solutions at different concentrations and shear rate ranges. This Review also describes how viscosity influences filtration and centrifugation processes, which are crucial steps in the cleaning of the polymer and includes a polystyrene/styrene case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Kol
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE)Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGraaf Karel De Goedelaan 58500KortrijkBelgium
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistryAristotle University of Thessaloniki54124ThessalonikiGreece
| | - Tobias De Somer
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE)Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGraaf Karel De Goedelaan 58500KortrijkBelgium
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) and Centre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE)Department of MaterialsTextiles and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and ArchitectureGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 125 and 70a9052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | - Fabian Knappich
- Process Development for Polymer RecyclingFraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVVGiggenhauser Straße 3585354FreisingGermany
- Technical University of MunichTUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanAlte Akademie 885354FreisingGermany
| | - Kim Ragaert
- Center for Polymer & Material Technologies (CPMT)Department of MaterialsTextiles and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering & ArchitectureGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 130B-9052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | - Dimitris S. Achilias
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistryAristotle University of Thessaloniki54124ThessalonikiGreece
| | - Steven De Meester
- Laboratory for Circular Process Engineering (LCPE)Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGraaf Karel De Goedelaan 58500KortrijkBelgium
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15
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Arraez FJ, Van Steenberge PHM, Sobieski J, Matyjaszewski K, D’hooge DR. Conformational Variations for Surface-Initiated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: From Flat to Curved Nanoparticle Surfaces. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Arraez
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | | | - Julian Sobieski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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16
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Edeleva M, Van Steenberge PH, Sabbe MK, D’hooge DR. Connecting Gas-Phase Computational Chemistry to Condensed Phase Kinetic Modeling: The State-of-the-Art. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3027. [PMID: 34577928 PMCID: PMC8467432 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, quantum chemical calculations (QCC) have increased in accuracy, not only providing the ranking of chemical reactivities and energy barriers (e.g., for optimal selectivities) but also delivering more reliable equilibrium and (intrinsic/chemical) rate coefficients. This increased reliability of kinetic parameters is relevant to support the predictive character of kinetic modeling studies that are addressing actual concentration changes during chemical processes, taking into account competitive reactions and mixing heterogeneities. In the present contribution, guidelines are formulated on how to bridge the fields of computational chemistry and chemical kinetics. It is explained how condensed phase systems can be described based on conventional gas phase computational chemistry calculations. Case studies are included on polymerization kinetics, considering free and controlled radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, and polymer degradation. It is also illustrated how QCC can be directly linked to material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Paul H.M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Maarten K. Sabbe
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
- Industrial Catalysis and Adsorption Technology (INCAT), Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE), Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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17
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De Keer L, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, D’hooge DR. Going Beyond the Carothers, Flory and Stockmayer Equation by Including Cyclization Reactions and Mobility Constraints. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152410. [PMID: 34372013 PMCID: PMC8348631 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in the field of polymer network synthesis by a step-growth mechanism is the quantification of the relative importance of inter- vs. intramolecular reactions. Here we use a matrix-based kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) framework to demonstrate that the variation of the chain length distribution and its averages (e.g., number average chain length xn), are largely affected by intramolecular reactions, as mostly ignored in theoretical studies. We showcase that a conventional approach based on equations derived by Carothers, Flory and Stockmayer, assuming constant reactivities and ignoring intramolecular reactions, is very approximate, and the use of asymptotic limits is biased. Intramolecular reactions stretch the functional group (FG) conversion range and reduce the average chain lengths. In the likely case of restricted mobilities due to diffusional limitations because of a viscosity increase during polymerization, a complex xn profile with possible plateau formation may arise. The joint consideration of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions allows the validation of hypotheses for both the intrinsic and apparent reactivities of inter- and intramolecular reactions. The kMC framework is also utilized for reverse engineering purposes, aiming at the identification of advanced (pseudo-)analytical equations, dimensionless numbers and mechanistic insights. We highlight that assuming average molecules by equally distributing A and B FGs is unsuited, and the number of AB intramolecular combinations is affected by the number of monomer units in the molecules, specifically at high FG conversions. In the absence of mobility constraints, dimensionless numbers can be considered to map the time variation of the fraction of intramolecular reactions, but still, a complex solution results, making a kMC approach overall most elegant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies De Keer
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.K.); (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.-F.R.)
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.K.); (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.-F.R.)
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.K.); (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.-F.R.)
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.K.); (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.-F.R.)
- Centre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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18
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Edeleva M, Marien YW, D'hooge DR, Van Steenberge PHM. Exploiting (Multicomponent) Semibatch and Jacket Temperature Procedures to Safely Tune Molecular Properties for Solution Free Radical Polymerization of
n
‐Butyl Acrylate. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Ghent 9052 Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Ghent 9052 Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Ghent 9052 Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE) Ghent University Technologiepark 70A Ghent 9052 Belgium
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19
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Rego ASC, Brandão ALT. Parameter Estimation and Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Styrene and n-Butyl Acrylate Copolymerization through ATRP. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur S. C. Rego
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (DEQM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda L. T. Brandão
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (DEQM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
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20
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Liu J, Wang T, Luo Z, Zhou Y. In silico
mechanically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization: A detailed kinetic study. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Tian‐Tian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Zheng‐Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Yin‐Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
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21
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Dogu O, Plehiers PP, Van de Vijver R, D’hooge DR, Van Steenberge PHM, Van Geem KM. Distribution Changes during Thermal Degradation of Poly(styrene peroxide) by Pairing Tree-Based Kinetic Monte Carlo and Artificial Intelligence Tools. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Dogu
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Pieter P. Plehiers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Ruben Van de Vijver
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE), Technologiepark 70a, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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22
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Edeleva M, Marien YW, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Jacket temperature regulation allowing well-defined non-adiabatic lab-scale solution free radical polymerization of acrylates. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Conventional batch solution free radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate with thermal initiators such as AIBN is known to be strongly exothermic and influenced by highly activated side reactions such as backbiting and β-scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE)
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23
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Edeleva M, Marien YW, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Impact of side reactions on molar mass distribution, unsaturation level and branching density in solution free radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate under well-defined lab-scale reactor conditions. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes the influence of side reactions in isothermal solution free-radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate accounting for chain-length dependent diffusional limitations on termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Ghent
- Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Ghent
- Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE)
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24
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Figueira FL, Wu YY, Zhou YN, Luo ZH, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Coupled matrix kinetic Monte Carlo simulations applied for advanced understanding of polymer grafting kinetics. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00407c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An innovative coupled matrix-based Monte Carlo (CMMC) concept has been applied to successfully assess the detailed description of the molecular build-up of linear and non-linear chains in the free-radical induced grafting of linear precursors chains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE)
- Ghent University
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25
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De Smit K, Marien YW, Edeleva M, Van Steenberge PH, D’hooge DR. Roadmap for Monomer Conversion and Chain Length-Dependent Termination Reactivity Algorithms in Kinetic Monte Carlo Modeling of Bulk Radical Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyann De Smit
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul H.M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE), Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Jin J, Guo J, Zhou Y, Luo Z. Kinetic features of
iron‐based
electrochemically mediated
ATRP
revealed by Monte Carlo simulation. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Jun‐Kang Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha P.R. China
| | - Yin‐Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Zheng‐Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
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27
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De Keer L, Figueira FL, Marien YW, De Smit K, Edeleva M, Van Steenberge PH, D'hooge DR. Benchmarking Stochastic and Deterministic Kinetic Modeling of Bulk and Solution Radical Polymerization Processes by Including Six Types of Factors Two. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lies De Keer
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Freddy L. Figueira
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Kyann De Smit
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Paul H.M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering Ghent University Technologiepark 70a Gent B‐9052 Belgium
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28
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Trigilio AD, Marien YW, Van Steenberge PHM, D’hooge DR. Gillespie-Driven kinetic Monte Carlo Algorithms to Model Events for Bulk or Solution (Bio)Chemical Systems Containing Elemental and Distributed Species. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro D. Trigilio
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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29
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Keating JJ, Plawsky JL. Radical Lifetimes in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: A Monte Carlo and Deterministic Investigation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Keating
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Joel L. Plawsky
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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30
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Progress in Reaction Mechanisms and Reactor Technologies for Thermochemical Recycling of Poly(methyl methacrylate). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081667. [PMID: 32727004 PMCID: PMC7464549 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical or feedstock recycling of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by thermal degradation is an important societal challenge to enable polymer circularity. The annual PMMA world production capacity is over 2.4 × 106 tons, but currently only 3.0 × 104 tons are collected and recycled in Europe each year. Despite the rather simple chemical structure of MMA, a debate still exists on the possible PMMA degradation mechanisms and only basic batch and continuous reactor technologies have been developed, without significant knowledge of the decomposition chemistry or the multiphase nature of the reaction mixture. It is demonstrated in this review that it is essential to link PMMA thermochemical recycling with the PMMA synthesis as certain structural defects from the synthesis step are affecting the nature and relevance of the subsequent degradation reaction mechanisms. Here, random fission plays a key role, specifically for PMMA made by anionic polymerization. It is further highlighted that kinetic modeling tools are useful to further unravel the dominant PMMA degradation mechanisms. A novel distinction is made between global conversion or average chain length models, on the one hand, and elementary reaction step-based models on the other hand. It is put forward that only by the dedicated development of the latter models, the temporal evolution of degradation product spectra under specific chemical recycling conditions will become possible, making reactor design no longer an art but a science.
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31
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Métafiot A, Pruvost S, Gérard JF, Defoort B, Marić M. Synthesis of isoprene-based triblock copolymers by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Tripathi AK, Tsavalas JG. Ghost‐Mirror Approach for Accurate and Efficient Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Seeded Emulsion Polymerization. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Tripathi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - John G. Tsavalas
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 USA
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33
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Bian C, Zhou Y, Luo Z. Double‐external‐field enables bulk controlled radical polymerization with narrow molecular weight distribution at high conversion. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Bian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yin‐Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zheng‐Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
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34
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De Smit K, Marien YW, Van Geem KM, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Connecting polymer synthesis and chemical recycling on a chain-by-chain basis: a unified matrix-based kinetic Monte Carlo strategy. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer synthesis and subsequent depolymerisation/degradation are linked at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyann De Smit
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE)
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35
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Bolshchikov BD, Tsvetkov VB, Alikhanova OL, Serbin AV. How to Fight Kinetics in Complex Radical Polymerization Processes: Theoretical Case Study of Poly(divinyl ether‐alt‐maleic anhydride). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris D. Bolshchikov
- Polyelectrolytes and Biomedical Polymers Laboratory A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky prospect, 29 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Vladimir B. Tsvetkov
- Polyelectrolytes and Biomedical Polymers Laboratory A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky prospect, 29 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Department of Molecular VirologyFSBI Research Institute of Influenza Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Professor Popov Street 15/17 Saint Petersburg 197376 Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical‐Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological Agency Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a Moscow 119435 Russia
- Computational Oncology Group I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Trubetskaya Str. 8‐2 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Olga L. Alikhanova
- Polyelectrolytes and Biomedical Polymers Laboratory A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky prospect, 29 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Research Center for Biomodulators and Drugs Health Research and Development Foundation Admiral Ushakov Boulevard 14–209 Moscow 117042 Russia
| | - Alexander V. Serbin
- Polyelectrolytes and Biomedical Polymers Laboratory A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky prospect, 29 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Research Center for Biomodulators and Drugs Health Research and Development Foundation Admiral Ushakov Boulevard 14–209 Moscow 117042 Russia
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36
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Zetterlund PB, D’hooge DR. The Nanoreactor Concept: Kinetic Features of Compartmentalization in Dispersed Phase Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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37
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Hernández‐Ortiz JC, Van Steenberge PHM, Duchateau JNE, Toloza C, Schreurs F, Reyniers M, Marin GB, D'hooge DR. The Relevance of Multi‐Injection and Temperature Profiles to Design Multi‐Phase Reactive Processing of Polyolefins. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201900035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent University Technologiepark 914 B‐9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent University Technologiepark 914 B‐9052 Ghent Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and EngineeringGhent University Technologiepark 907 B‐9052 Ghent Belgium
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38
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Bian C, Zhou Y, Luo Z. Mechanistic and kinetic investigation of Cu(II)‐catalyzed controlled radical polymerization enabled by ultrasound irradiation. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Bian
- Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yin‐Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng‐Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
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39
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Van Steenberge PHM, Sedlacek O, Hernández-Ortiz JC, Verbraeken B, Reyniers MF, Hoogenboom R, D'hooge DR. Visualization and design of the functional group distribution during statistical copolymerization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3641. [PMID: 31409782 PMCID: PMC6692376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though functional copolymers with a low percentage of functional comonomer units (up to 20 mol%) are widely used, for instance for the development of polymer therapeutics and hydrogels, insights in the functional group distribution over the actual chains are lacking and the average composition is conventionally used to describe the functionalization degree. Here we report the visualization of the monomer distribution over the different polymer chains by a synergetic combination of experimental and theoretical analysis aiming at the construction of functionality-chain length distributions (FUNC-CLDs). A successful design of the chemical structure of the comonomer pair, the initial functional comonomer amount (13 mol%), and the temperature (100 °C) is performed to tune the FUNC-CLD of copoly(2-oxazoline)s toward high functionalization degree for both low (100) and high (400) target degrees of polymerization. The proposed research strategy is generic and extendable to a broad range of copolymerization chemistries, including reversible deactivation radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H M Van Steenberge
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Technologiepark 125, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Ghent University, Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Julio C Hernández-Ortiz
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Technologiepark 125, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Ghent University, Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Technologiepark 125, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Ghent University, Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Dagmar R D'hooge
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Technologiepark 125, B-9052, Gent, Belgium. .,Ghent University, Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Technologiepark 70a, B-9052, Gent, Belgium.
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40
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Modeling of the Free Radical Copolymerization Kinetics of n-Butyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate and 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate Using PREDICI®. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7070395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic modeling of the bulk free radical copolymerizations of n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA); methyl methacrylate (MMA) and EHA; as well as BA, MMA and EHA was performed using the software PREDICI®. Predicted results of conversion versus time, composition versus conversion, and molecular weight development are compared against experimental data at different feed compositions. Diffusion-controlled effects and backbiting for BA were incorporated into the model as they proved to be significant in these polymerizations. The set of estimated global parameters allows one to assess the performance of these copolymerization systems over a wide range of monomer compositions.
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41
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De Rybel N, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, D’hooge DR, Marin GB. Interplay of Head, Tail, and Mid-Chain Radicals in Bulk Free-Radical and Reversible Degenerative Addition Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerizations of Vinyl Acetate. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils De Rybel
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Textiles, Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Textiles, Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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42
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Devlaminck DJG, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, D'hooge DR. Modeling of Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene with Macro-RAFT Agents to Theoretically Compare Slow Fragmentation, Ideal Exchange and Cross-Termination Cases. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E320. [PMID: 30960304 PMCID: PMC6419184 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-dimensional Smith-Ewart based model is developed to understand differences for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization with theoretical agents mimicking cases of slow fragmentation, cross-termination, and ideal exchange while accounting for chain length and monomer conversion dependencies due to diffusional limitations. The focus is on styrene as a monomer, a water soluble initiator, and a macro-RAFT agent to avoid exit/entry of the RAFT leaving group radical. It is shown that with a too low RAFT fragmentation rate coefficient it is generally not afforded to consider zero-one kinetics (for the related intermediate radical type) and that with significant RAFT cross-termination the dead polymer product is dominantly originating from the RAFT intermediate radical. To allow the identification of the nature of the RAFT retardation it is recommended to experimentally investigate in the future the impact of the average particle size (dp) on both the monomer conversion profile and the average polymer properties for a sufficiently broad dp range, ideally including the bulk limit. With decreasing particle size both a slow RAFT fragmentation and a fast RAFT cross-termination result in a stronger segregation and thus rate acceleration. The particle size dependency is different, allowing further differentiation based on the variation of the dispersity and end-group functionality. Significant RAFT cross-termination is specifically associated with a strong dispersity increase at higher average particle sizes. Only with an ideal exchange it is afforded in the modeling to avoid the explicit calculation of the RAFT intermediate concentration evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries J G Devlaminck
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Paul H M Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dagmar R D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Marien YW, Van Steenberge PHM, R. D‘hooge D, Marin GB. Particle by Particle Kinetic Monte Carlo Tracking of Reaction and Mass Transfer Events in Miniemulsion Free Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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44
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Métafiot A, Gagnon L, Pruvost S, Hubert P, Gérard JF, Defoort B, Marić M. β-Myrcene/isobornyl methacrylate SG1 nitroxide-mediated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis and characterization of gradient, diblock and triblock copolymers. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3377-3395. [PMID: 35518984 PMCID: PMC9060242 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Myrcene (My), a natural 1,3-diene, and isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA), from partially bio-based raw materials sources, were copolymerized by nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) in bulk using the SG1-based BlocBuilder™ alkoxyamine functionalized with an N-succinimidyl ester group, NHS-BlocBuilder, at T = 100 °C with initial IBOMA molar feed compositions f IBOMA,0 = 0.10-0.90. Copolymer reactivity ratios were r My = 1.90-2.16 and r IBOMA = 0.02-0.07 using Fineman-Ross, Kelen-Tudos and non-linear least-squares fitting to the Mayo-Lewis terminal model and indicated the possibility of gradient My/IBOMA copolymers. A linear increase in molecular weight versus conversion and a low dispersity (Đ ≤ 1.41) were exhibited by My/IBOMA copolymerization with f IBOMA,0 ≤ 0.80. My-rich and IBOMA-rich copolymers were shown to have a high degree of chain-end fidelity by performing subsequent chain-extensions with IBOMA and/or My, and by 31P NMR analysis. The preparation by NMP of My/IBOMA thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), mostly bio-sourced, was then attempted. IBOMA-My-IBOMA triblock copolymers containing a minor fraction of My or styrene (S) units in the outer hard segments (M n = 51-95 kg mol-1, Đ = 1.91-2.23 and F IBOMA = 0.28-0.36) were synthesized using SG1-terminated poly(ethylene-stat-butylene) dialkoxyamine. The micro-phase separation was suggested by the detection of two distinct T gs at about -60 °C and +180 °C and confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). A plastic stress-strain behavior (stress at break σ B = 3.90 ± 0.22 MPa, elongation at break ε B = 490 ± 31%) associated to an upper service temperature of about 140 °C were also highlighted for these triblock polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Métafiot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University 3610 University St. Montreal H3A 0C5 Quebec Canada
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR5223, INSA Lyon 17 Jean Capelle Avenue, 69621 Villeurbanne France
- ArianeGroup Avenue du Général Niox, 33160 Saint-Médard-en-Jalles France
| | - Lysandre Gagnon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University 3610 University St. Montreal H3A 0C5 Quebec Canada
| | - Sébastien Pruvost
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR5223, INSA Lyon 17 Jean Capelle Avenue, 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Pascal Hubert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University 817 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal H3A 0C3 Quebec Canada
| | - Jean-François Gérard
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR5223, INSA Lyon 17 Jean Capelle Avenue, 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Brigitte Defoort
- ArianeGroup Avenue du Général Niox, 33160 Saint-Médard-en-Jalles France
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University 3610 University St. Montreal H3A 0C5 Quebec Canada
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Devlaminck DJG, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, D’hooge DR. Deterministic Modeling of Degenerative RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization Rate and Average Polymer Characteristics: Invalidity of Zero–One Nature at Higher Monomer Conversions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Lou W, Zhang W, Jin T, Liu X, Wang H. Stress–thermal oxidative aging behavior of hydrogenated nitrile rubber seals. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Lou
- School of Reliability and Systems EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - W. Zhang
- School of Reliability and Systems EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - T. Jin
- School of Reliability and Systems EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - X. Liu
- School of Reliability and Systems EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - H. Wang
- School of Reliability and Systems EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 China
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47
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Seoane IT, Luzi F, Puglia D, Cyras VP, Manfredi LB. Enhancement of paperboard performance as packaging material by layering with plasticized polyhydroxybutyrate/nanocellulose coatings. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. T. Seoane
- Facultad de Ingeniería; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), UNMdP, CONICET; Avenida Juan B Justo 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - F. Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM; University of Perugia; Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni Italy
| | - D. Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM; University of Perugia; Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni Italy
| | - V. P. Cyras
- Facultad de Ingeniería; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), UNMdP, CONICET; Avenida Juan B Justo 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - L. B. Manfredi
- Facultad de Ingeniería; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), UNMdP, CONICET; Avenida Juan B Justo 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata Argentina
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48
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Hernández-Ortiz JC, Van Steenberge PHM, Duchateau JNE, Toloza C, Schreurs F, Reyniers MF, Marin GB, D’hooge DR. Sensitivity Analysis of Single-Phase Isothermal Free Radical-Induced Grafting of Polyethylene. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201800036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology; Ghent University; Technologiepark 914 B-9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology; Ghent University; Technologiepark 914 B-9052 Ghent Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering; Ghent University; Technologiepark 907 B-9052 Ghent Belgium
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49
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Zhou YN, Li JJ, Ljubic D, Luo ZH, Zhu S. Mechanically Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Exploring Its Potential at High Conversions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 200240
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 200240
| | - Darko Ljubic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 200240
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China 518172
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50
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D'hooge DR. In Silico Tracking of Individual Species Accelerating Progress in Macromolecular Engineering and Design. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800057. [PMID: 29656408 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT); Technologiepark 914 Ghent 9052 Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CSTE); Technologiepark 907 Ghent 9052 Belgium
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